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Yasumizu Y, Hagiwara M, Umezu Y, Fuji H, Iwaisako K, Asagiri M, Uemoto S, Nakamura Y, Thul S, Ueyama A, Yokoi K, Tanemura A, Nose Y, Saito T, Wada H, Kakuda M, Kohara M, Nojima S, Morii E, Doki Y, Sakaguchi S, Ohkura N. Neural-net-based cell deconvolution from DNA methylation reveals tumor microenvironment associated with cancer prognosis. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae022. [PMID: 38751935 PMCID: PMC11094754 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a pivotal epigenetic modification that defines cellular identity. While cell deconvolution utilizing this information is considered useful for clinical practice, current methods for deconvolution are limited in their accuracy and resolution. In this study, we collected DNA methylation data from 945 human samples derived from various tissues and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and trained a neural network model with them. The model, termed MEnet, predicted abundance of cell population together with the detailed immune cell status from bulk DNA methylation data, and showed consistency to those of flow cytometry and histochemistry. MEnet was superior to the existing methods in the accuracy, speed, and detectable cell diversity, and could be applicable for peripheral blood, tumors, cell-free DNA, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Furthermore, by applying MEnet to 72 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma samples, we identified immune cell profiles associated with cancer prognosis. We believe that cell deconvolution by MEnet has the potential for use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yasumizu
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Hagiwara
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Basic Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuto Umezu
- Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fuji
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Shiga University Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yamami Nakamura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sophia Thul
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azumi Ueyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yokoi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Nose
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kakuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kohara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Basic Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Hitaka Y, Isoyama N, Tsuji S, Honda T, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi M, Nakamura K, Hirata H, Shiraishi K, Asagiri M. Renoprotective effects of laxative linaclotide: Inhibition of acute kidney injury and fibrosis in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149709. [PMID: 38554603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leads to tissue damage in transplanted kidneys, resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic graft dysfunction, which critically compromises transplant outcomes, such as graft loss. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C agonist clinically approved as a laxative, has recently been identified to exhibit renoprotective effects in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) model. This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of linaclotide on AKI triggered by I/R in a rat model with an initial comparison with other laxatives. Here, we show that linaclotide administration resulted in substantial reduction in serum creatinine levels, reflective of enhanced renal function. Histological examination revealed diminished tubular damage, and Sirius Red staining confirmed less collagen deposition, collectively indicating preserved structural integrity and mitigation of fibrosis. Further analysis demonstrated lowered expression of TGF-β and associated fibrotic markers, α-SMA, MMP2, and TIMP1, implicating the downregulation of the fibrogenic TGF-β pathway by linaclotide. Furthermore, one day after I/R insult, linaclotide profoundly diminished macrophage infiltration and suppressed critical pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6, signifying its potential to disrupt initial inflammatory mechanisms integral to AKI pathology. These findings suggest that linaclotide, with its established safety profile, could extend its benefits beyond gastrointestinal issues and potentially serve as a therapeutic intervention for organ transplantation. Additionally, it could provide immediate and practical insights into selecting laxatives for managing patients with AKI or CKD, regardless of the cause, and for those receiving dialysis or transplant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hitaka
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naohito Isoyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shunya Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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Nawata T, Honda T, Sakai H, Tsuji S, Otsuka M, Uchinoumi H, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto T, Asagiri M, Yano M. Dantrolene, a ryanodine receptor stabilizer, is a candidate immunomodulator for treating rheumatic disease. Scand J Rheumatol 2024; 53:217-219. [PMID: 38293969 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2023.2297519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- T Nawata
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - T Honda
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - H Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - S Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - M Otsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - H Uchinoumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - M Asagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - M Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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4
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Sawai Y, Suzuki Y, Asagiri M, Hida S, Kondo R, Zamponi GW, Giles WR, Imaizumi Y, Yamamura H. Caveolin-1 forms a complex with P2X7 receptor and tunes P2X7-mediated ATP signaling in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C125-C142. [PMID: 37955123 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00303.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The ionotropic purinergic P2X7 receptor responds to extracellular ATP and can trigger proinflammatory immune signaling in macrophages. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to modulate functions of macrophages and innate immunity. However, it is unknown how Cav-1 modulates P2X7 receptor activity in macrophages. We herein examined P2X7 receptor activity and macrophage functions using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type (WT) and Cav-1 knockout (KO) mice. ATP (1 mM) application caused biphasic increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] and sustained decrease in cytosolic [K+]. A specific P2X7 receptor blocker, A-740003, inhibited the maintained cytosolic [Ca2+] increase and cytosolic [K+] decrease. Total internal reflection fluorescent imaging and proximity ligation assays revealed a novel molecular complex formation between P2X7 receptors and Cav-1 in WT BMDMs that were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. This molecular coupling was increased by ATP application. Specifically, the ATP-induced Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux through P2X7 receptors were increased in Cav-1 KO BMDMs, even though the total and surface protein levels of P2X7 receptors in WT and Cav-1 KO BMDMs were unchanged. Cell-impermeable dye (TO-PRO3) uptake analysis revealed that macropore formation of P2X7 receptors was enhanced in Cav-1 KO BMDMs. Cav-1 KO BMDMs increased ATP-induced IL-1β secretion, reactive oxygen species production, Gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage, and lactate dehydrogenase release indicating pyroptosis. A-740003 completely prevented ATP-induced pyroptosis. In combination, these datasets show that Cav-1 has a negative effect on P2X7 receptor activity in BMDMs and that Cav-1 in macrophages may contribute to finely tuned immune responses by preventing excessive IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In bone marrow-derived macrophages, Cav-1 suppresses the macropore formation of P2X7 receptors through their direct or indirect interactions, resulting in reduced membrane permeability of cations (Ca2+ and K+) and large cell-impermeable dye (TO-PRO3) induced by ATP. Cav-1 also inhibits ATP-induced IL-1β secretion, ROS production, GSDMD cleavage, and pyroptosis. Cav-1 contributes to the maintenance of proper immune responses by finely tuning IL-1β secretion and cell death in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Sawai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Hida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rubii Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wayne R Giles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Nawata T, Sakai H, Honda T, Otsuka M, Fujita H, Uchinoumi H, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto T, Asagiri M, Yano M. Dantrolene, a stabilizer of the ryanodine receptor, prevents collagen-induced arthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 624:141-145. [PMID: 35940127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dantrolene inhibits Ca2+ leakage from destabilized ryanodine receptors and therefore may serve as a therapeutic agent against endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated diseases. However, its effectiveness in treating autoimmune diseases remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of dantrolene on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Oral administration of dantrolene resulted in significantly lower arthritic scores in both male and female CIA mice than in the control mice. Micro-computed tomographic and histological analyses showed that dantrolene suppressed bone and chondral destruction. The serum levels of anti-type II collagen (CII) IgG were positively correlated with the arthritic scores (r = 0.704, p < 0.01). In addition, the serum levels of anti-CII IgG were significantly lower in the dantrolene group than in the control group (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that oral administration of dantrolene to CIA mice inhibits the production of serum anti-CII IgG and consequently prevents arthritis. Therefore, dantrolene may be a potential anti-rheumatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nawata
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Marina Otsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hina Fujita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
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Honda T, Nishio Y, Sakai H, Asagiri M, Yoshimura K, Inui M, Kuramasu A. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent regulation of Rac GTPases and Akt in histamine-induced chemotaxis of mast cells. Cell Signal 2021; 83:109973. [PMID: 33689810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Histamine induces chemotaxis of mast cells through the histamine H4 receptor. This involves the activation of small GTPases, Rac1 and Rac2, downstream of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K). Activation of the H4 receptor also results in phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated calcium mobilization; however, it is unclear whether the PLC‑calcium pathway interacts with the PI3K-Rac pathway. Here, we demonstrated that calcium mobilization regulates the PI3K-dependent activation of Rac GTPases through calmodulin. A PLC inhibitor (U73122) and an intracellular calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM) suppressed the histamine-induced activation of Rac, whereas the calcium ionophore ionomycin increased the active Rac GTPases, suggesting that intracellular calcium regulates the activation of Rac. The calmodulin antagonist (W-7) inhibited the histamine-induced activation of Rac and migration of mast cells, indicating that calmodulin mediates the effect of calcium. Inhibition of calcium/calmodulin signaling suppressed histamine-induced phosphorylation of Akt. The Akt inhibitor MK-2206 attenuated histamine-induced migration of mast cells. However, it did not suppress the activation of Rac GTPases. These results suggest that Rac GTPases and Akt play independent roles in the histamine-induced chemotaxis of mast cells. Our findings enable further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of histamine-induced chemotaxis of mast cells and help identify therapeutic targets for allergic and inflammatory conditions involving mast cell accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Honda
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Clinical Immuno Oncology, Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6-11-11, Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Inui
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kuramasu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
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7
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Fukuyama K, Asagiri M, Sugimoto M, Tsushima H, Seo S, Taura K, Uemoto S, Iwaisako K. Gene expression profiles of liver cancer cell lines reveal two hepatocyte-like and fibroblast-like clusters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245939. [PMID: 33539378 PMCID: PMC7861371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell lines are widely used in basic research to study cancer development, growth, invasion, or metastasis. They are also used for the development and screening of anticancer drugs. However, there are no clear criteria for choosing the most suitable cell lines among the wide variety of cancer cell lines commercially available for research, and the choice is often based on previously published reports. Here, we investigated the characteristics of liver cancer cell lines by analyzing the gene expression data available in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Unsupervised clustering analysis of 28 liver cancer cell lines yielded two main clusters. One cluster showed a gene expression pattern similar to that of hepatocytes, and the other showed a pattern similar to that of fibroblasts. Analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma gene expression profiles available in The Cancer Genome Atlas showed that the gene expression patterns in most hepatoma tissues were similar to those in the hepatocyte-like cluster. With respect to liver cancer research, our findings may be useful for selecting an appropriate cell line for a specific study objective. Furthermore, our approach of utilizing a public database for comparing the properties of cell lines could be an attractive cell line selection strategy that can be applied to other fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Fukuyama
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies Health Promotion and Preemptive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Hiraki Tsushima
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Satoru Seo
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Wake M, Takeda N, Isagawa T, Sato T, Nakagama Y, Morioka MS, Hirota Y, Asagiri M, Maemura K, Manabe I, Tanabe K, Komuro I. Cell Cycle Perturbation Induces Collagen Production in Fibroblasts. Int Heart J 2019; 60:958-963. [PMID: 31308330 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when the heart muscle is severely damaged due to a decrease in blood flow from the coronary arteries. During recovery from an MI, cardiac fibroblasts become activated and produce extracellular matrices, contributing to the wound healing process in the damaged heart. Inappropriate activation of the fibroblasts leads to excessive fibrosis in the heart. However, the molecular pathways by which cardiac fibroblasts are activated have not yet been fully elucidated.Here we show that serum deprivation, which recapitulates the cellular microenvironment of the MI area, strikingly induces collagen production in C3H/10T1/2 cells. Based on transcriptomic and pharmacological studies, we found that cell cycle perturbation is directly linked to collagen production in fibroblasts. Importantly, collagen synthesis is increased independently of the transcriptional levels of type I collagen genes. These results reveal a novel mode of fibroblast activation in the ischemic area, which will allow us to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis and establish a basis for anti-fibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Wake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Department of Cardiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yu Nakagama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masaki Suimye Morioka
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Koji Maemura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Kazuaki Tanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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9
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Abe H, Takeda N, Isagawa T, Semba H, Nishimura S, Morioka MS, Nakagama Y, Sato T, Soma K, Koyama K, Wake M, Katoh M, Asagiri M, Neugent ML, Kim JW, Stockmann C, Yonezawa T, Inuzuka R, Hirota Y, Maemura K, Yamashita T, Otsu K, Manabe I, Nagai R, Komuro I. Macrophage hypoxia signaling regulates cardiac fibrosis via Oncostatin M. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2824. [PMID: 31249305 PMCID: PMC6597788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrogenic response in tissue-resident fibroblasts is determined by the balance between activation and repression signals from the tissue microenvironment. While the molecular pathways by which transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1) activates pro-fibrogenic mechanisms have been extensively studied and are recognized critical during fibrosis development, the factors regulating TGF-β1 signaling are poorly understood. Here we show that macrophage hypoxia signaling suppresses excessive fibrosis in a heart via oncostatin-m (OSM) secretion. During cardiac remodeling, Ly6Chi monocytes/macrophages accumulate in hypoxic areas through a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α dependent manner and suppresses cardiac fibroblast activation. As an underlying molecular mechanism, we identify OSM, part of the interleukin 6 cytokine family, as a HIF-1α target gene, which directly inhibits the TGF-β1 mediated activation of cardiac fibroblasts through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-dependent phosphorylation of the SMAD linker region. These results demonstrate that macrophage hypoxia signaling regulates fibroblast activation through OSM secretion in vivo. Fibrosis is a hallmark of several cardiac pathologies and its underlying mechanisms are still poorly defined. Here the authors show that macrophage hypoxia signaling following transverse aortic constriction in mice suppresses the activation of cardiac fibroblasts by secreting oncostatin M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,The School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Semba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, 3-2-19 Nishiazabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-00031, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishimura
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masaki Suimye Morioka
- Depertment of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yu Nakagama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsura Soma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masaki Wake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Manami Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Michael L Neugent
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800W. Campbell Road FO 3.704G, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jung-Whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800W. Campbell Road FO 3.704G, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland.,Cancer Research Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomo Yonezawa
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Gene Research Center, Center for Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-14 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Ryo Inuzuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, 3-2-19 Nishiazabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-00031, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- The School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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10
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Fuji H, Ohmae S, Noma N, Takeiri M, Yasutomi H, Izumi K, Ito M, Toyomoto M, Iwaki S, Takemoto K, Seo S, Taura K, Hida S, Aoyama M, Ishihama Y, Hagiwara M, Takeda N, Hatano E, Iwaisako K, Uemoto S, Asagiri M. Necrostatin-7 suppresses RANK-NFATc1 signaling and attenuates macrophage to osteoclast differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:544-549. [PMID: 29800570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts play a crucial role in osteolytic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, Paget's disease of bone and bone metastatic tumors. Therefore, controlling osteoclast differentiation and function has been considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we show that necrostatin (Nec)-7, an inhibitor of programmed necrosis, strongly suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, without compromising macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-supported survival and growth of osteoclast precursor cells. Accordingly, Nec-7 significantly decreased the levels of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenic marker genes, such as cathepsin K. Mechanistically, Nec-7 neither affected MAPK nor NF-κB activation; however, it strongly inhibited the RANKL receptor (RANK) to nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) signaling. Lentiviral expression of RANK in bone marrow-derived macrophages significantly restored osteoclastogenesis and NFATc1 amplification in Nec-7-treated cells. In this study, we revealed that Nec-7-sensitive pathways are crucially involved in osteoclast formation and function. Investigation of the molecular mechanism(s) through which Nec-7 inhibits RANK-NFATc1 signaling axis may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Fuji
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Ohmae
- Department of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naruto Noma
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeiri
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideto Yasutomi
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Izumi
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Moe Ito
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayasu Toyomoto
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Soichiro Iwaki
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Takemoto
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Satoru Seo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Hida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
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11
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Nishio T, Taura K, Iwaisako K, Koyama Y, Tanabe K, Yamamoto G, Okuda Y, Ikeno Y, Yoshino K, Kasai Y, Okuno M, Seo S, Sakurai T, Asagiri M, Hatano E, Uemoto S. Hepatic vagus nerve regulates Kupffer cell activation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:965-976. [PMID: 28044208 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Kupffer cells play a central role in promoting hepatic inflammation, which leads to the development of NASH. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of hepatic vagus-mediated stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on Kupffer cells in NASH pathogenesis. METHODS Wild-type (WT) mice undergoing hepatic vagotomy (HV) were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 1 week. α7nAChR knockout (α7KO) chimeric mice were generated by transplanting α7KO bone marrow cells into irradiated and Kupffer cell-deleted WT recipients. Kupffer cells were isolated from WT mice and treated with α7nAChR agonist under stimulation by lipopolysaccharide and/or palmitic acid. RESULTS HV aggravated MCD diet-induced NASH in both steatosis and inflammation. The hepatic inflammatory response, including the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-12, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), was accelerated in HV mice, accompanied by the downregulation of PPARα pathway genes. Kupffer cells were highly activated via the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in MCD diet-fed HV mice. The α7nAchR agonist suppressed the inflammatory response of primary Kupffer cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and palmitic acid by attenuating the NF-κB cascade. α7KO chimeric mice fed an MCD diet for 1 week developed advanced NASH with highly activated Kupffer cells. The hepatic expression of TNFα, IL-12, and MCP-1 was upregulated in α7KO chimeric mice, accompanied by abnormal lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic vagus activity regulates the inflammatory response of Kupffer cells via α7nAChR in NASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nishio
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Target Therapy Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Tanabe
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gen Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okuda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ikeno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshino
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kasai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Seo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaki Sakurai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Semba H, Takeda N, Isagawa T, Sugiura Y, Honda K, Wake M, Miyazawa H, Yamaguchi Y, Miura M, Jenkins DMR, Choi H, Kim JW, Asagiri M, Cowburn AS, Abe H, Soma K, Koyama K, Katoh M, Sayama K, Goda N, Johnson RS, Manabe I, Nagai R, Komuro I. HIF-1α-PDK1 axis-induced active glycolysis plays an essential role in macrophage migratory capacity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11635. [PMID: 27189088 PMCID: PMC4873978 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In severely hypoxic condition, HIF-1α-mediated induction of Pdk1 was found to regulate glucose oxidation by preventing the entry of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic cycle. Monocyte-derived macrophages, however, encounter a gradual decrease in oxygen availability during its migration process in inflammatory areas. Here we show that HIF-1α-PDK1-mediated metabolic changes occur in mild hypoxia, where mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity is unimpaired, suggesting a mode of glycolytic reprogramming. In primary macrophages, PKM2, a glycolytic enzyme responsible for glycolytic ATP synthesis localizes in filopodia and lammelipodia, where ATP is rapidly consumed during actin remodelling processes. Remarkably, inhibition of glycolytic reprogramming with dichloroacetate significantly impairs macrophage migration in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, inhibition of the macrophage HIF-1α-PDK1 axis suppresses systemic inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for regulating inflammatory processes. Our findings thus demonstrate that adaptive responses in glucose metabolism contribute to macrophage migratory activity. Migration to the inflamed tissue demands energy production in an increasingly hypoxic environment. Here the authors show that during migration, HIF1α-induced PDK1 uniquely adapts macrophage metabolism to mild hypoxia by promoting glycolysis while preserving cytochrome c oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Semba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo 106-0031, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- PRESTO, JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kurara Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Wake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Miyazawa
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- PRESTO, JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 332-0012, Japan
| | - Dana M R Jenkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Hyunsung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Jung-Whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Andrew S Cowburn
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1SZ, UK
| | - Hajime Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsura Soma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Manami Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keimon Sayama
- Department of Life Science and Medical BioScience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Science and Medical BioScience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Randall S Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1SZ, UK
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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13
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Zhao C, Ichimura A, Qian N, Iida T, Yamazaki D, Noma N, Asagiri M, Yamamoto K, Komazaki S, Sato C, Aoyama F, Sawaguchi A, Kakizawa S, Nishi M, Takeshima H. Mice lacking the intracellular cation channel TRIC-B have compromised collagen production and impaired bone mineralization. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra49. [PMID: 27188440 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad9055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The trimeric intracellular cation (TRIC) channels TRIC-A and TRIC-B localize predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and likely support Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores by mediating cationic flux to maintain electrical neutrality. Deletion and point mutations in TRIC-B occur in families with autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta. Tric-b knockout mice develop neonatal respiratory failure and exhibit poor bone ossification. We investigated the cellular defect causing the bone phenotype. Bone histology indicated collagen matrix deposition was reduced in Tric-b knockout mice. Osteoblasts, the bone-depositing cells, from Tric-b knockout mice exhibited reduced Ca(2+) release from ER and increased ER Ca(2+) content, which was associated with ER swelling. These cells also had impaired collagen release without a decrease in collagen-encoding transcripts, consistent with a defect in trafficking of collagen through ER. In contrast, osteoclasts, the bone-degrading cells, from Tric-b knockout mice were similar to those from wild-type mice. Thus, TRIC-B function is essential to support the production and release of large amounts of collagen by osteoblasts, which is necessary for bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhu Zhao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research (K-CONNEX), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nianchao Qian
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Iida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daiju Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naruto Noma
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Chikara Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Aoyama
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Akira Sawaguchi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Sho Kakizawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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14
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Fujita T, Soontrapa K, Ito Y, Iwaisako K, Moniaga CS, Asagiri M, Majima M, Narumiya S. Hepatic stellate cells relay inflammation signaling from sinusoids to parenchyma in mouse models of immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatology 2016; 63:1325-39. [PMID: 26248612 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) constitute the liver sinusoid with Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. While the sinusoid functions as the gateway to liver inflammation, whether HSCs contribute to liver inflammation and, if so, how they exert such functions remain elusive. Here, we found that mouse as well as human HSCs expressed DP1 receptor for prostaglandin D2 selectively in the liver. Pharmacological stimulation of DP1 by BW245C, a DP1-selective agonist, suppressed the activation of cultured HSCs by tumor necrosis factor-α at least in part through down-regulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling and inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. DP1 deficiency or BW245C administration in mice significantly enhanced or suppressed concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis, respectively. ConA injection induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ expression in the sinusoid, which was suppressed by administration of BW245C. Coculture of spleen cells and liver nonparenchymal cells showed that ConA first activated spleen cells and that this activation led to activation of nonparenchymal cells to secondarily produce tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. Microarray analysis revealed ConA-induced expression of endothelin-1, tissue factor, and chemokines in the liver and inducible nitric oxide synthase in hepatocytes, resulting in flow stagnation, leukocyte adherence and migration to the parenchyma, and hepatocyte death. DP1 stimulation inhibits all these events in the liver. Therefore, HSCs mediate amplification of ConA-induced liver inflammation in the sinusoid, causing direct and indirect hepatocyte injury, and DP1 stimulation inhibits this HSC activation. CONCLUSIONS HSCs integrate cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses in the sinusoids and relay them to the liver parenchyma, and these HSC actions are inhibited by DP1 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Innovation in Immunoregulatory Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kitipong Soontrapa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Target Therapy Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Catharina Sagita Moniaga
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulatory Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulatory Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Innovation in Immunoregulatory Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Tanabe K, Taura K, Koyama Y, Yamamoto G, Nishio T, Okuda Y, Nakamura K, Toriguchi K, Takemoto K, Yamanaka K, Iwaisako K, Seo S, Asagiri M, Hatano E, Uemoto S. Migration of splenic lymphocytes promotes liver fibrosis through modification of T helper cytokine balance in mice. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:1054-68. [PMID: 25724556 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained liver injury causes liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of liver fibrosis and interventions in the fibrotic process is crucial for improving the prognosis of patients with chronic liver diseases. Although studies have shown that splenectomy suppresses liver fibrosis, the mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. The present study focuses on the immunological functions of the spleen to investigate its role in liver fibrosis. METHODS BALB/c and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice underwent splenectomies or sham operations prior to induction of liver fibrosis with carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide. RESULTS Sirius red staining and hydroxyproline assays showed that splenectomy suppressed liver fibrogenesis in BALB/c mice. Reverse transcription PCR analysis of T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines demonstrated that splenectomy shifted the Th1/Th2 balance in the liver towards Th1 dominance. In SCID mice, the inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis was abrogated. The number of CD4(+) T helper lymphocytes in the spleen decreased after liver injury. Green fluorescent protein positive (GFP(+)) splenocytes were transplanted into the spleens of syngeneic wild-type mice to trace their destination after fibrosis induction. GFP(+)CD4(+) lymphocytes appeared in the liver after induction of fibrosis, and flow cytometry revealed the vast majority of them were Th2 lymphocytes. Transfer of splenocytes via the portal vein into syngeneic splenectomized mice cancelled the suppressive effect of splenectomy on liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that Th2-dominant splenic lymphocytes migrate into the liver and promote liver fibrosis by shifting the cytokine balance towards Th2 dominance. Splenectomy suppresses the progression of fibrosis at least partly by restoring the Th1/Th2 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Tanabe
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Gen Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishio
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okuda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Kan Toriguchi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Kenji Takemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Kenya Yamanaka
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Target Therapy Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoru Seo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
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16
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Ochiya T, Takenaga K, Asagiri M, Nakano K, Satoh H, Watanabe T, Imajoh-Ohmi S, Endo H. Efficient inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and growth by a synthetic peptide blocking S100A4-methionine aminopeptidase 2 interaction. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2015; 2:15008. [PMID: 26029719 PMCID: PMC4445002 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The prometastatic calcium-binding protein, S100A4, is expressed in endothelial cells, and its downregulation markedly suppresses tumor angiogenesis in a xenograft cancer model. Given that endothelial S100A4 can be a molecular target for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, we addressed here whether synthetic peptide capable of blocking S100A4-effector protein interaction could be a novel antiangiogenic agent. To examine this hypothesis, we focused on the S100A4-binding domain of methionine aminopeptidase 2, an effector protein, which plays a role in endothelial cell growth. Overexpression of the domain in mouse endothelial MSS31 cells reduced DNA synthesis, and the corresponding synthetic peptide (named NBD) indeed interacted with S100A4 and inhibited capillary formation in vitro and new blood vessel formation in vivo. Intriguingly, a single intra-tumor administration of the NBD peptide in human prostate cancer xenografts significantly reduced vascularity, resulting in tumor regression. Mechanistically, the NBD peptide enhanced assembly of nonmuscle myosin IIA filaments along with Ser1943 phosphorylation, stimulated formation of focal adhesions without phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, and provoked G1/S arrest of the cell cycle. Altogether, the NBD peptide is a potent inhibitor for tumor angiogenesis, and is the first example of an anticancer peptide drug developed on the basis of an endothelial S100A4-targeted strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Department of Life Science, Shimane University School of Medicine , Izumo, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Satoh
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideya Endo
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Noma N, Asagiri M, Takeiri M, Ohmae S, Takemoto K, Iwaisako K, Minato N, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Simizu S, Umezawa K. Inhibition of MMP-2-Mediated Mast Cell Invasion by NF-κB Inhibitor DHMEQ in Mast Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 166:84-90. [PMID: 25791818 DOI: 10.1159/000371419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulation with antigen and IgE is known to activate NF-κB in mast cells. In the present research, we studied the role of NF-κB on cellular migration in mast cell-like RBL-2H3 cells and bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) using the NF-κB inhibitor (-)-DHMEQ. METHODS A Matrigel invasion chamber was used to evaluate cell migration. A PCR array was used to screen the expression of 84 key genes involved in cell migration. RESULTS (-)-DHMEQ inhibited antigen/IgE-induced NF-κB activation and expressions of its target genes such as IL-6 and TNF-α. (-)-DHMEQ was found to inhibit in vitro invasion toward the antigen without any toxicity. We then looked for NF-κB-dependent genes that would be important for mast cell invasion using the PCR array. (-)-DHMEQ was found to lower the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. The MMP inhibitor GM6001 also inhibited cellular invasion toward the antigen. These effects of (-)-DHMEQ were obtained in both RBL-2H3 cells and BMMCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that (-)-DHMEQ suppressed mast cell migration via the inhibition of NF-κB-regulated MMP-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruto Noma
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Saito S, Hata K, Iwaisako K, Yanagida A, Takeiri M, Tanaka H, Kageyama S, Hirao H, Ikeda K, Asagiri M, Uemoto S. Cilostazol attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation and protects mice against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:460-73. [PMID: 23607402 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Liver fibrosis is a common pathway leading to cirrhosis. Cilostazol, a clinically available oral phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor, has been shown to have antifibrotic potential in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the detailed mechanisms of the antifibrotic effect and its efficacy in a different experimental model remain elusive. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to five groups: mice fed a normal diet (groups 1 and 2); 0.1% or 0.3% cilostazol-containing diet (groups 3 and 4, respectively); and 0.125% clopidogrel-containing diet (group 5). Two weeks after feeding, groups 2-5 were intraperitoneally administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) twice a week for 6 weeks, while group 1 was treated with the vehicle alone. To investigate the effects of cilostazol on hepatic cells, in vitro studies were conducted using primary hepatic stellate cells (HSC), Kupffer cells and hepatocytes with cilostazol supplementation. RESULTS Sirius red staining revealed that groups 3 and 4 exhibited a lesser fibrotic area (2.49 ± 0.43% and 2.31 ± 0.30%, respectively) than group 2 (3.17 ± 0.67%, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). In vitro studies showed cilostazol dose-dependently suppressed HSC activation (assessed by morphological change, cell proliferation, and the expression of HSC activation markers), suggesting the therapeutic effect of cilostazol is mediated by its direct action on HSC. CONCLUSION Cilostazol could alleviate CCl4 -induced hepatic fibrogenesis in vivo, presumably due, at least partly, to its direct effect to suppress HSC activation. Given its clinical availability and safety, it may be a novel therapeutic intervention for chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Saito
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Hata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yanagida
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeiri
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ikeda
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Iwaisako K, Taura K, Koyama Y, Takemoto K, Asagiri M. Strategies to Detect Hepatic Myofibroblasts in Liver Cirrhosis of Different Etiologies. Curr Pathobiol Rep 2014; 2:209-215. [PMID: 25401051 PMCID: PMC4223535 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis, a late stage of hepatic fibrosis, is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hepatic fibrosis is mainly caused by alcoholic or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic viral hepatitis, or autoimmune and biliary diseases. Myofibroblasts, which are absent from the normal liver, are differentiated from heterogeneous cell populations in response to a liver injury of any etiology and produce the extracellular matrix. Hepatic stellate cells are considered the main source of myofibroblasts. However, the origin of hepatic myofibroblasts remains unresolved, and despite considerable research, only a limited success has been achieved by existing anti-fibrotic therapies. The question remains whether these limitations are caused by lack of attention to the critical targets, the myofibroblasts derived from cells of other mesenchymal origins. Therefore, identifying the origin of myofibroblasts may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis, and may lead to the development of more effective therapies. This review will examine our current strategies for detecting hepatic myofibroblasts of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Target Therapy Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Kenji Takemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
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20
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Soeno Y, Fujita K, Kudo T, Asagiri M, Kakuta S, Taya Y, Shimazu Y, Sato K, Tanaka-Fujita R, Kubo S, Iwakura Y, Nakamura Y, Mori S, Aoba T. Generation of a mouse model with down-regulated U50 snoRNA (SNORD50) expression and its organ-specific phenotypic modulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72105. [PMID: 23991050 PMCID: PMC3753356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Box C/D-type small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are functional RNAs responsible for mediating 2'-O-ribose methylation of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) within the nucleolus. In the past years, evidence for the involvement of human U50 snoRNA in tumorigenesis has been accumulating. We previously identified U50HG, a non-protein-coding gene that hosted a box C/D-type U50 snoRNA, in a chromosomal breakpoint in a human B-cell lymphoma. Mouse genome analysis revealed four mouse U50 (mU50) host-genes: three mU50HG-a gene variants that were clustered in the genome and an mU50HG-b gene that we supposed to be the U50HG ortholog. In this study, to investigate the physiological importance of mU50 snoRNA and its involvement in tumorigenesis, we eliminated mU50 snoRNA sequences from the mU50HG-b gene. The established mouse line (ΔmU50(HG-b)) showed a significant reduction of mU50 snoRNA expression without alteration of the host-gene length and exon-intron structure, and the corresponding target rRNA methylation in various organs was reduced. Lifelong phenotypic monitoring showed that the ΔmU50(HG-b) mice looked almost normal without accelerated tumorigenicity; however, a notable difference was the propensity for anomalies in the lymphoid organs. Transcriptome analysis showed that dozens of genes, including heat shock proteins, were differentially expressed in ΔmU50(HG-b) mouse lymphocytes. This unique model of a single snoRNA knockdown with intact host-gene expression revealed further new insights into the discrete transcriptional regulation of multiple mU50 host-genes and the complicated dynamics involved in organ-specific processing and maintenance of snoRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuichi Soeno
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujita
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Kudo
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Taya
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shimazu
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Tanaka-Fujita
- Risk Assessment Division, Food Safety Commission Secretariat, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kubo
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Division of RNA Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Ribomic Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Mori
- Kotobiken Medical Laboratories Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Aoba
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Kanemaru K, Nakamura Y, Sato K, Kojima R, Takahashi S, Yamaguchi M, Ichinohe M, Kiyonari H, Shioi G, Kabashima K, Nakahigashi K, Asagiri M, Jamora C, Yamaguchi H, Fukami K. Epidermal phospholipase Cδ1 regulates granulocyte counts and systemic interleukin-17 levels in mice. Nat Commun 2012; 3:963. [PMID: 22805570 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C is a key enzyme in phosphoinositide turnover. Although its functions have been extensively studied at the cellular level, many questions remain concerning its functions at the organ and individual animal levels. Here we demonstrate that mice lacking phospholipase Cδ1 develop granulocytosis associated with elevated serum levels of the granulopoietic cytokine interleukin-17. Re-introduction of phospholipase Cδ1 into keratinocytes of phospholipase Cδ1-deficient mice reverses this phenotype, whereas conditional ablation of phospholipase Cδ1 in keratinocytes recreates it. Interleukin-17 and its key upstream regulator interleukin-23 are also upregulated in epidermis. Loss of phospholipase Cδ1 from keratinocytes causes features of interleukin-17-associated inflammatory skin diseases. Phospholipase Cδ1 protein is downregulated in the epidermis of human psoriatic skin and in a mouse model of psoriasis. These results demonstrate that phosphoinositide turnover in keratinocytes regulates not only local inflammatory responses but also serum cytokine levels and systemic leukocyte counts, and affects distant haematopoietic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kanemaru
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Abstract
Background The pro-survival activity of NF-κB in response to a variety of stimuli has been extensively characterized. Although there have been a few reports addressing the pro-cell death role of NF-κB, the precise mechanism of NF-κB's pro-cell death function still remains elusive. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, we investigated the role of NF-κB in cell death induced by chronic insult with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here, we show that NF-κB promotes H2O2 induced caspase independent but PARP dependent fibroblast cell death. The pro-death activity of NF-κB is due to the DNA binding activity of RelA, which is induced through IKK- mediated IκBα degradation. NF-κB dependent pro-survival genes, Bcl-2 and XIAP, were significantly repressed, while NF-κB dependent pro-death genes, TNFα and Fas Ligand, were induced in response to H2O2. Conclusions/Significance We discovered an unexpected function of NF-κB, in that it potentiates chronic H2O2 exposure induced cell death, and suggest that NF-κB mediates cell death through the repression of pro-survival genes and induction of pro-death genes. Since unremitting exposure of tissues to H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species can lead to several degenerative disorders and diseases, our results have important implications for the use of NF-κB inhibitors in therapeutic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Q. Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Okabayashi T, Nakanishi K, Tsuchihara T, Arino H, Yoshihara Y, Tominaga S, Uenoyama M, Suzuki S, Asagiri M, Nemoto K. Axonal-transport-mediated gene transduction in the interior of rat bone. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20927397 PMCID: PMC2946924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene transduction has been considered advantageous for the sustained delivery of proteins to specific target tissues. However, in the case of hard tissues, such as bone, local gene delivery remains problematic owing to anatomical accessibility limitations of the target sites. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we evaluated the feasibility of exogenous gene transduction in the interior of bone via axonal transport following intramuscular administration of a nonviral vector. A high expression level of the transduced gene was achieved in the tibia ipsilateral to the injected tibialis anterior muscle, as well as in the ipsilateral sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia. In sciatic transection rats, the gene expression level was significantly lowered in bone. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that axonal transport is critical for gene transduction. Our study may provide a basis for developing therapeutic methods for efficient gene delivery into hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Okabayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
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von Vietinghoff S, Asagiri M, Azar D, Hoffmann A, Ley K. Defective regulation of CXCR2 facilitates neutrophil release from bone marrow causing spontaneous inflammation in severely NF-kappa B-deficient mice. J Immunol 2010; 185:670-8. [PMID: 20519647 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
NF-kappaB is a major regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) constitutively express RelA/p65 (Rela), c-Rel (Crel), and p50 (Nfkappab1) but not p52 (Nfkappab2) subunits. In this paper, we describe Crel(-/-)Nfkappab1(-/-)Rela(+/-) mice that have the most severe genetic neutrophil NF-kappaB deficiency compatible with life, Rela(-/-) mice being embryonic lethal. Crel(-/-)Nfkappab1(-/-)Rela(+/-) mice developed spontaneous dermal and intestinal inflammation associated with chronic neutrophilia, elevated CXCL1, and G-CSF. The bone marrow contained fewer nucleated cells and was enriched in myeloid progenitor cells. Neutrophilia was preserved when Crel(-/-)Nfkappab1(-/-)Rela(+/-) bone marrow was transferred into wild-type mice, but mixed bone marrow chimeras receiving wild-type and Crel(-/-)Nfkappab1(-/-)Rela(+/-) bone marrow showed normal circulating neutrophil numbers, excluding an intrinsic proliferation advantage. In mixed bone marrow chimeras, Crel(-/-)Nfkappab1(-/-)Rela(+/-) neutrophils were preferentially mobilized from the bone marrow in response to CXCL1 injection, LPS-induced lung inflammation, and thioglycollate-induced peritonitis. Crel(-/-)Nfkappab1(-/-)Rela(+/-) neutrophils expressed higher levels of the CXCL1 receptor CXCR2 both under resting and stimulated conditions and failed to downregulate CXCR2 during inflammation. Treatment with an anti-CXCR2 Ab abolished preferential mobilization of Crel(-/-)Nfkappab1(-/-)Rela(+/-) neutrophils in peritonitis in mixed chimeric mice and neutrophilia in Crel(-/-)Nfkappab1(-/-)Rela(+/-) mice. We conclude that severe NF-kappaB deficiency facilitates neutrophil mobilization, which causes elevated numbers of preactivated neutrophils in blood and tissues, leading to spontaneous inflammation. These neutrophil effects may limit the usefulness of global NF-kappaB inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA.
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Takeda N, O'Dea EL, Doedens A, Kim JW, Weidemann A, Stockmann C, Asagiri M, Simon MC, Hoffmann A, Johnson RS. Differential activation and antagonistic function of HIF-{alpha} isoforms in macrophages are essential for NO homeostasis. Genes Dev 2010; 24:491-501. [PMID: 20194441 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1881410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic response and inflammation both involve the action of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha. Previous studies have revealed that both HIF-alpha proteins are in a number of aspects similarly regulated post-translationally. However, the functional interrelationship of these two isoforms remains largely unclear. The polarization of macrophages controls functionally divergent processes; one of these is nitric oxide (NO) production, which in turn is controlled in part by HIF factors. We show here that the HIF-alpha isoforms can be differentially activated: HIF-1alpha is induced by Th1 cytokines in M1 macrophage polarization, whereas HIF-2alpha is induced by Th2 cytokines during an M2 response. This differential response was most evident in polarized macrophages through HIF-alpha isoform-specific regulation of the inducible NO synthase gene by HIF-1alpha, and the arginase1 gene by HIF-2alpha. In silico modeling predicted that regulation of overall NO availability is due to differential regulation of HIF-1alpha versus HIF-2alpha, acting to, respectively, either increase or suppress NO synthesis. An in vivo model of endotoxin challenge confirmed this; thus, these studies reveal that the two homologous transcription factors, HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha, can have physiologically antagonistic functions, but that their antiphase regulation allows them to coordinately regulate NO production in a cytokine-induced and transcription-dependent fashion.
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Asagiri M, Hirai T, Kunigami T, Kamano S, Gober HJ, Okamoto K, Nishikawa K, Latz E, Golenbock DT, Aoki K, Ohya K, Imai Y, Morishita Y, Miyazono K, Kato S, Saftig P, Takayanagi H. Cathepsin K-dependent toll-like receptor 9 signaling revealed in experimental arthritis. Science 2008; 319:624-7. [PMID: 18239127 DOI: 10.1126/science.1150110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K was originally identified as an osteoclast-specific lysosomal protease, the inhibitor of which has been considered might have therapeutic potential. We show that inhibition of cathepsin K could potently suppress autoimmune inflammation of the joints as well as osteoclastic bone resorption in autoimmune arthritis. Furthermore, cathepsin K-/- mice were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Pharmacological inhibition or targeted disruption of cathepsin K resulted in defective Toll-like receptor 9 signaling in dendritic cells in response to unmethylated CpG DNA, which in turn led to attenuated induction of T helper 17 cells, without affecting the antigen-presenting ability of dendritic cells. These results suggest that cathepsin K plays an important role in the immune system and may serve as a valid therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells of monocyte/macrophage origin that degrade bone matrix. The differentiation of osteoclasts is dependent on a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family cytokine, receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL), as well as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Congenital lack of osteoclasts causes osteopetrosis, investigation of which has provided insights into the essential molecules for osteoclastogenesis, including TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6, NF-kappaB and c-Fos. In addition, genome-wide screening techniques have shed light on an additional set of gene products such as nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1. Here we summarize the efforts to understand the sequential molecular events induced by RANKL during osteoclast differentiation. RANKL binds to its receptor RANK, which recruits adaptor molecules such as TRAF6. TRAF6 activates NF-kappaB, which is important for the initial induction of NFATc1. NFATc1 is activated by calcium signaling and binds to its own promoter, thus switching on an autoregulatory loop. An activator protein (AP)-1 complex containing c-Fos is required for the autoamplification of NFATc1, enabling the robust induction of NFATc1. Finally, NFATc1 cooperates with other transcriptional partners to activate osteoclast-specific genes. NFATc1 autoregulation is controlled by an epigenetic mechanism, which has profound implications for an understanding of the general mechanism of irreversible cell fate determination. From the clinical point of view, RANKL signaling pathway has promise as a strategy for suppressing the excessive osteoclast formation characteristic of a variety of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Asagiri M, Sato K, Usami T, Ochi S, Nishina H, Yoshida H, Morita I, Wagner EF, Mak TW, Serfling E, Takayanagi H. Autoamplification of NFATc1 expression determines its essential role in bone homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 202:1261-9. [PMID: 16275763 PMCID: PMC2213228 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NFATc1 and NFATc2 are functionally redundant in the immune system, but it was suggested that NFATc1 is required exclusively for differentiation of osteoclasts in the skeletal system. Here we provide genetic evidence that NFATc1 is essential for osteoclast differentiation in vivo by adoptive transfer of NFATc1−/− hematopoietic stem cells to osteoclast-deficient Fos−/− mice, and by Fos−/− blastocyst complementation, thus avoiding the embryonic lethality of NFATc1−/− mice. However, in vitro osteoclastogenesis in NFATc1-deficient cells was rescued by ectopic expression of NFATc2. The discrepancy between the in vivo essential role of NFATc1 and the in vitro effect of NFATc2 was attributed to selective autoregulation of the NFATc1 gene by NFAT through its promoter region. This suggested that an epigenetic mechanism contributes to the essential function of NFATc1 in cell lineage commitment. Thus, this study establishes that NFATc1 represents a potential therapeutic target for bone disease and reveals a mechanism that underlies the essential role of NFATc1 in bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Cell Signaling, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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29
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Kim Y, Sato K, Asagiri M, Morita I, Soma K, Takayanagi H. Contribution of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 to the transcriptional control of immunoreceptor osteoclast-associated receptor but not triggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells-2 during osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:32905-13. [PMID: 16046394 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505820200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis depends on the coordination of osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) induces osteoclast differentiation through activating a transcriptional program mediated by the key transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1. Immunoreceptors, including osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) and triggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells (TREM)-2, constitute the co-stimulatory signals required for RANKL-mediated activation of calcium signaling, which leads to the activation of NFATc1. However, it remains unknown whether the expression of immunoreceptors are under the control of NFATc1. Here we demonstrate that the expression of OSCAR, but not that of TREM-2, is up-regulated during osteoclastogenesis and markedly suppressed by the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, suggesting that OSCAR is transcriptionally regulated by NFATc1. NFATc1 expression results in the activation of the OSCAR promoter, which was found to be further enhanced by co-expression of PU.1 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). We further provide evidence that NFATc1 specifically regulates OSCAR by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and quantification of OSCAR and TREM-2 mRNA in NFATc1-/- cells. Thus, OSCAR but not TREM-2 is involved in the positive feedback loop of the immunoreceptor-NFATc1 pathway during osteoclastogenesis. Although several immunoreceptors have been identified as co-stimulatory molecules for RANKL, the expression and function are differentially regulated. These mechanisms, possibly together with the delicate regulation of their ligands on osteoblasts, may provide the exquisite machinery for the modulation of osteoclastogenesis in the maintenance of bone homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Western
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Coculture Techniques
- Flow Cytometry
- Immunoprecipitation
- Ligands
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry
- RANK Ligand
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B
- Receptors, Calcitonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tacrolimus/pharmacology
- Trans-Activators/chemistry
- Transcription, Genetic
- Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Kim
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549
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Koga T, Matsui Y, Asagiri M, Kodama T, de Crombrugghe B, Nakashima K, Takayanagi H. NFAT and Osterix cooperatively regulate bone formation. Nat Med 2005; 11:880-5. [PMID: 16041384 DOI: 10.1038/nm1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressants are crucial in the prevention of detrimental immune reactions associated with allogenic organ transplantation, but they often cause adverse effects in a number of biological systems, including the skeletal system. Calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporin A inhibit nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity and induce strong immunosuppression. Among NFAT proteins, NFATc1 is crucial for the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Here we show FK506 administration induces the reduction of bone mass despite a blockade of osteoclast differentiation. This reduction is caused by severe impairment of bone formation, suggesting that NFAT transcription factors also have an important role in the transcriptional program of osteoblasts. In fact, bone formation is inhibited in Nfatc1- and Nfatc2-deficient cells as well as in FK506-treated osteoblasts. Overexpression of NFATc1 stimulates Osterix-dependent activation of the Col1a1 (encoding type I collagen) promoter, but not Runx2-dependent activation of the Bglap1 (encoding osteocalcin) promoter. NFAT and Osterix form a complex that binds to DNA, and this interaction is important for the transcriptional activity of Osterix. Thus, NFAT and Osterix cooperatively control osteoblastic bone formation. These results may provide important insight into the management of post-transplantation osteoporosis as well as a new strategy for promoting bone regeneration in osteopenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Koga
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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Takatsuna H, Asagiri M, Kubota T, Oka K, Osada T, Sugiyama C, Saito H, Aoki K, Ohya K, Takayanagi H, Umezawa K. Inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by (-)-DHMEQ, a novel NF-kappaB inhibitor, through downregulation of NFATc1. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20:653-62. [PMID: 15765185 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.041213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED (-)-DHMEQ, a newly designed NF-kappaB inhibitor, inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in mouse BMMs through downregulation of the induction of NFATc1, an essential transcription factor of osteoclastogenesis. INTRODUCTION Bone destruction is often observed in advanced case of rheumatoid arthritis and neoplastic diseases, including multiple myeloma. Effective and nontoxic chemotherapeutic agents are expected for the suppression of these bone destructions. RANKL induces activation of NF-kappaB and osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage precursor cells (BMMs). Targeted disruption or pharmacological suppression of NF-kappaB result in impaired osteoclastogenesis, but how NF-kappaB is involved in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of (-)-dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin [(-)-DHMEQ] on osteoclast differentiation was studied using a culture system of mouse BMMs stimulated with RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The mechanism of the inhibition was studied by biochemical analysis such as immunoblotting and retroviral transfer experiments. RESULTS (-)-DHMEQ strongly inhibited RANKL-induced NF-kappaB activation in BMMs and inhibited RANKL-induced formation of TRACP(+) multinucleated cells. Interestingly, (-)-DHMEQ specifically inhibited the RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1 but not the expressions of TRAF6 or c-fos. Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by (-)-DHMEQ was rescued by overexpression of NFATc1, suggesting that the inhibition is not caused by a toxic effect. Moreover, pit formation assays showed that (-)-DHMEQ also inhibited the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. CONCLUSION The inhibition of NF-kappaB suppresses osteoclastogenesis by downregulation of NFATc1, suggesting that NFATc1 expression is regulated by NF-kappaB in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Our results also indicate the possibility of (-)-DHMEQ becoming a new therapeutic strategy against bone erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takatsuna
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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Honda K, Yanai H, Negishi H, Asagiri M, Sato M, Mizutani T, Shimada N, Ohba Y, Takaoka A, Yoshida N, Taniguchi T. IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses. Nature 2005; 434:772-7. [PMID: 15800576 DOI: 10.1038/nature03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1688] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The type-I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) response is critical to immunity against viruses and can be triggered in many cell types by cytosolic detection of viral infection, or in differentiated plasmacytoid dendritic cells by the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) subfamily, which generates signals via the adaptor MyD88 to elicit robust IFN induction. Using mice deficient in the Irf7 gene (Irf7-/- mice), we show that the transcription factor IRF-7 is essential for the induction of IFN-alpha/beta genes via the virus-activated, MyD88-independent pathway and the TLR-activated, MyD88-dependent pathway. Viral induction of MyD88-independent IFN-alpha/beta genes is severely impaired in Irf7-/- fibroblasts. Consistently, Irf7-/- mice are more vulnerable than Myd88-/- mice to viral infection, and this correlates with a marked decrease in serum IFN levels, indicating the importance of the IRF-7-dependent induction of systemic IFN responses for innate antiviral immunity. Furthermore, robust induction of IFN production by activation of the TLR9 subfamily in plasmacytoid dendritic cells is entirely dependent on IRF-7, and this MyD88-IRF-7 pathway governs the induction of CD8+ T-cell responses. Thus, all elements of IFN responses, whether the systemic production of IFN in innate immunity or the local action of IFN from plasmacytoid dendritic cells in adaptive immunity, are under the control of IRF-7.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CpG Islands/genetics
- CpG Islands/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Fibroblasts
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-7
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Toll-Like Receptor 9
- Virus Diseases/genetics
- Virus Diseases/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Honda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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33
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and their receptors play an important role in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and embryonal development. In this study, we show that expression of the FGF receptor-2 (FGFR-2) protein is induced in the mid-to-late G1 phase of the cell cycle in serum-starved mouse NIH3T3 cells released from starvation. Transcription of mouse FGFR-2 was activated by E2F-1. Analysis of various mouse FGFR-2 promoter mutant constructs showed that a sequence located +57/+64 downstream of the transcriptional initiation site, related to the consensus E2F-responsive sequence, is necessary for the activation. The promoter activity of the mouse FGFR-2 gene is also positively regulated by E2F-2 and E2F-3, but not by E2F-4 and E2F-5. Moreover, the E2F-1-induced activation of mouse FGFR-2 gene transcription is suppressed by pRB. Taken together, the results demonstrate that FGFR-2 is a new class of targets for E2F, and expression of mouse FGFR-2 in mid-to-late G1 phase would be mediated, at least in part, by the activation of a pRB/E2F pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsu Tashiro
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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34
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Sakaguchi S, Negishi H, Asagiri M, Nakajima C, Mizutani T, Takaoka A, Honda K, Taniguchi T. Essential role of IRF-3 in lipopolysaccharide-induced interferon-beta gene expression and endotoxin shock. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 306:860-6. [PMID: 12821121 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) affect many aspects of immune responses. Many pathogen-associated molecules, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and virus-associated double-stranded RNA, induce IFN gene expression through activation of distinct Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Although much has been studied about the activation of the transcription factor IRF-3 and induction of IFN-beta gene by the LPS-mediated TLR4 signaling, definitive evidence is missing about the actual role of IRF-3 in LPS responses in vitro and in vivo. Using IRF-3 deficient mice, we show here that IRF-3 is indeed essential for the LPS-mediated IFN-beta gene induction. Loss of IRF-3 also affects the expression of profile of other cytokine/chemokine genes. We also provide evidence that the LPS/TLR4 signaling activates IRF-7 to induce IFN-beta, if IRF-7 is induced by IFNs prior to LPS simulation. Finally, the IRF-3-deficient mice show resistance to LPS-induced endotoxin shock. These results place IRF-3 as a molecule central to LPS/TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sakaguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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35
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Hata N, Sato M, Takaoka A, Asagiri M, Tanaka N, Taniguchi T. Constitutive IFN-alpha/beta signal for efficient IFN-alpha/beta gene induction by virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:518-25. [PMID: 11444873 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Efficient IFN-alpha/beta gene induction in virus-infected cells is an event central to innate immunity, in which the transcription factor IRF-7 plays a critical role together with IRF-3. Unlike IRF-3, IRF-7 is short-lived and its gene expression is dependent on IFN-alpha/beta signalling; hence, the signal-dependent enhancement of IRF-7 gene induction during viral infection is essential for positive-feedback regulation of IFN-alpha/beta gene induction. Here, we provide evidence that constitutive, IRF-3/IRF-7-independent production of IFN-alpha/beta in uninfected cells is critical for setting the IRF-7 expression levels, determining whether or not the positive-feedback mechanism will operate effectively upon viral infection. In fact, spleen cells are more dependent than fibroblasts on this mechanism; the IFN-alpha/beta gene induction is impaired more severely by blocking the IRF-7 induction pathway than by introducing an IRF-3 null mutation. Thus, the constitutive IFN-alpha/beta signal provides a foundation for the IRF-7-mediated enhancement of its own production in response to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hata
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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36
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Nakaya T, Sato M, Hata N, Asagiri M, Suemori H, Noguchi S, Tanaka N, Taniguchi T. Gene Induction Pathways Mediated by Distinct IRFs during Viral Infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 283:1150-6. [PMID: 11355893 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During viral infection, interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) and many IFN-inducible genes are induced to elicit antiviral responses of the host. Using cells with a gene disruption(s) for the IRF family of transcription factors, we provide evidence that these genes, containing similar IRF-binding cis-elements, are classified into distinct groups, based on the gene induction pathway(s). The IFN-beta gene induction is dependent on either IRF-3 or IRF-7, whereas induction of the IFN-alpha gene family is IRF-7-dependent. On the other hand, ISG15, ISG54 and IP-10 are induced by either IRF-3 or IFN stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). We also show that another group of genes is totally dependent on ISGF3. Thus, during viral infection, a given gene responds either directly to a virus or virus-induced IFN-alpha/beta or both through distinct pathways. The differential utilization of these induction pathways for these genes during viral infection may reflect their distinct functional roles in the efficient antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakaya
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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37
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Sato M, Suemori H, Hata N, Asagiri M, Ogasawara K, Nakao K, Nakaya T, Katsuki M, Noguchi S, Tanaka N, Taniguchi T. Distinct and essential roles of transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 in response to viruses for IFN-alpha/beta gene induction. Immunity 2000; 13:539-48. [PMID: 11070172 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)00053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1073] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Induction of the interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta gene transcription in virus-infected cells is an event central to innate immunity. Mice lacking the transcription factor IRF-3 are more vulnerable to virus infection. In embryonic fibroblasts, virus-induced IFN-alpha/beta gene expression levels are reduced and the spectrum of the IFN-alpha mRNA subspecies altered. Furthermore, cells additionally defective in IRF-7 expression totally fail to induce these genes in response to infections by any of the virus types tested. In these cells, a normal profile of IFN-alpha/beta mRNA induction can be achieved by coexpressing both IRF-3 and IRF-7. These results demonstrate the essential and distinct roles of thetwo factors, which together ensure the transcriptional efficiency and diversity of IFN-alpha/beta genes for the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sato
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Sato M, Hata N, Asagiri M, Nakaya T, Taniguchi T, Tanaka N. Positive feedback regulation of type I IFN genes by the IFN-inducible transcription factor IRF-7. FEBS Lett 1998; 441:106-10. [PMID: 9877175 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors regulate the interferon (IFN) system, among which IRF-3 is involved in the virus-induced IFN-beta gene expression. Here we show that another member IRF-7 is critical for the IFN-alpha gene induction. Unlike the IRF-3 gene, the IRF-7 gene is induced by IFNs through activation of the ISGF3 transcription factor, and IRF-7 undergoes virus-induced nuclear translocation. In cells lacking p48, an essential component of IFN stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), ectopic expression of IRF-7 but not IRF-3 can rescue the deficiency to induce IFN-alpha genes. These results indicate that IRF-7 is a key factor in the positive feedback regulation of IFN-alpha/beta production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sato
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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