1
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Cole JE, Dadone L, Rao S, Bapodra-Villaverde P, Schilz A, Johnston M. Venous blood gas and lactate values in adult giraffe trained for voluntary jugular phlebotomy. Zoo Biol 2024. [PMID: 38566545 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Blood gas analyses have previously been performed for giraffe under anesthesia and with physical restraint in a chute; however, reference values for giraffe that are trained to participate in venipuncture without chemical or physical restraint have not previously been described. Using a point-of-care blood gas and lactate analyzer and 20 giraffe trained for voluntary phlebotomy, values were determined for venous blood gasses and plasma lactate concentration. Ninety-five percent confidence in the mean values for venous pH (7.34-7.46), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2; 28.5-37.8 mmHg), partial pressure of oxygen (PO2; 56-102 mmHg), bicarbonate (HCO3 -; 18.9-21.0 mmol/L), base excess (BE; -6.0 to -3.6 mmol/L), total carbon dioxide (TCO2; 19.9-22.0 mmol/L), and lactate (0.32-0.56 mmol/L) were calculated. This is the first report on venous blood gas analysis values for giraffe without chemical or physical restraint. These data will provide a reference for clinical interpretation of venous blood gas and lactate values in giraffe and demonstrate some of the potential diagnostic benefits to training giraffe and other zoo species for voluntary medical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liza Dadone
- Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Amy Schilz
- Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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2
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Haslam P, McCafferty I, Lakshminarayan R, Kasthuri R, Johnston M, Hamady M. Physician associates in interventional radiology: a worrying paradigm. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:161-162. [PMID: 38142139 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Haslam
- Interventional Radiology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - I McCafferty
- Interventional Radiology, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Lakshminarayan
- Interventional Radiology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - R Kasthuri
- Interventional Radiology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Johnston
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School and University Hospitals, Sussex, UK
| | - M Hamady
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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3
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Kirkpatrick DL, Evans C, Pestano LA, Millard J, Johnston M, Mick E, Schmidt WK. Clinical evaluation of PF614, a novel TAAP prodrug of oxycodone, versus OxyContin in a multi-ascending dose study with a bioequivalence arm in healthy volunteers. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13765. [PMID: 38511523 PMCID: PMC10955611 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PF614, a trypsin-activated abuse protection oxycodone prodrug designed to reduce recreational drug abuse, was compared to OxyContin for safety and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of plasma oxycodone following oral administration. This study was a two-part design including a multi-ascending dose (part A) and a bioequivalence (BE) study (part B) in healthy volunteers. In part A, 24 subjects were randomized 3:1 to receive PF614 (50, 100, or 200 mg, n = 6/cohort) or OxyContin (20, 40, or 80 mg; n = 2/cohort) in ascending cohorts, delivered every 12 h for a total of nine doses. In part B, 60 subjects randomized in a four-way crossover to evaluate BE, received PF614 100 mg and OxyContin 40 mg in fasted and fed (high-fat diet) states. All subjects were naltrexone blocked prior to first study drug administration to protect against opioid-related adverse effects; repeat doses were provided on days 1-5. In part A, PF614 was well-tolerated following twice daily doses of up to 200 mg for 5 days. Plasma oxycodone maximal plasma concentration and area under the concentration time curve increased linearly with increasing doses. Part B showed that plasma oxycodone BE was achieved following 100 mg PF614 or 40 mg OxyContin under both fasted and fed conditions. Additionally, PF614 provided similar oxycodone exposures following both fasted and fed states. This study confirms findings from our single-ascending dose study, showing that PF614 100 mg releases oxycodone with a PK profile comparable to 40 mg OxyContin under both fasted and fed conditions and with a similar safety profile under naltrexone-blocked conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cari Evans
- Ensysce Biosciences Inc.La JollaCaliforniaUSA
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4
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Figueroa R, Dadone L, Locklear T, Johnston M. A 30 YEAR (1991-2020) RETROSPECTIVE MORTALITY REVIEW OF GIRAFFIDS ( GIRAFFA SPP. AND OKAPIA JOHNSTONI) IN MANAGED CARE. J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 55:13-21. [PMID: 38453483 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying common causes of mortality in zoo giraffe (Giraffa spp.) and okapi (Okapia johnstoni) provides an opportunity to help improve welfare and population management for these endangered species. Mortality reports from 1,024 giraffe and 95 okapi in zoos were compiled from the Species 360 Zoological Information Management Software (ZIMS) utilizing the Morbidity & Mortality Analysis tool. Thirty years of mortality reports (1991-2020) were evaluated to help identify trends and evaluate the impacts, if any, of changes over time in husbandry and management practices. The most common causes of death for giraffe from 1991 to 2015 were neonatal issues (234/845, 27.7%), trauma (213/845, 25.2%), noninfectious disease (190/845, 22.5%), and infectious disease (188/845, 22.2%). In comparison, the most common causes of mortality for giraffe from 2016 to 2020, were noninfectious disease (78/179, 43.6%), trauma (39/179, 21.8%), neonatal issues (39/179, 21.8%), and infectious disease (17/179, 9.5%). The most common cause of death for okapi from 1991 to 2015 were neonatal issues (29/64, 45.3%), infectious disease (13/64, 20.3%), noninfectious disease (11/64, 17.2%), and trauma (10/64, 15.6%). In comparison, the most common cause of death for okapi from 2016 to 2020 was noninfectious disease (15/31, 48.4%), neonatal issues (8/31, 25.8%), and infectious disease (5/31, 16.1%). The results suggest that zoo giraffids have had a relative decrease in mortality from infectious diseases in recent years, whereas death from noninfectious causes has increased significantly. Trauma-related giraffe mortalities and neonatal mortality in both giraffe and okapi, although decreasing in prevalence between time periods, continue to be important causes of death in zoos. This is the first descriptive mortality review for the Giraffidae family and provides data on potential giraffe and okapi health issues that zoos could proactively address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Figueroa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,
| | - Liza Dadone
- Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA
| | - Taylor Locklear
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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5
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Richardson A, Dadone L, Johnston M, Bapodra-Villaverde P, Schilz A, Contreras E, Rivas A, Schwenzer S, Zec S, Cordova B, Ferguson S, Banks KE, Gustafson DL, Sadar MJ. PHARMACOKINETICS AND EFFICACY OF A SINGLE TOPICAL DOSE OF EPRINOMECTIN IN GIRAFFE ( GIRAFFA SPP.). J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 55:67-72. [PMID: 38453489 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing resistance to current antiparasitic medications, both in livestock and in zoological species under human care, makes it imperative to evaluate available drugs on the market, such as eprinomectin. In this prospective study, five males and one female of reticulated (Giraffa reticulata; n = 2), Masai (Giraffa tippelskirchii; n = 1), Nubian (Giraffa camelopardalis; n = 2), and hybrid subspecies (n = 1) of giraffe, received 1.5 mg/kg eprinomectin topically along the dorsum. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, concentrations of eprinomectin in plasma samples collected at 0, 4, 24, and 48 h, and 7, 14, 21, and 28 d were evaluated following drug administration. Complete blood cell counts and biochemistry panels were performed before (n = 6) and after (n = 3) eprinomectin administration. Samples for modified double centrifugal fecal flotation (n = 6) were evaluated prior to eprinomectin administration to evaluate for endoparasites and were repeated after the study (n = 5). Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was applied to the data. The observed maximum plasma concentration was 11.45 ng/ml and the time of observed maximum concentration was 2.67 d. The mean terminal half-life was 5.16 d. No adverse effects were observed related to eprinomectin administration and no blood work changes were observed. Parasite loads decreased (n = 3) or did not change (n = 2) after eprinomectin administration. The mean peak plasma concentration of eprinomectin in giraffe was similar to that achieved in cattle, despite using three times the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Richardson
- James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Liza Dadone
- Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Amy Schilz
- Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA
| | | | - Anne Rivas
- Birmingham Zoo, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Krista E Banks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Miranda J Sadar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,
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6
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Lorimer S, McCormack T, Hoerl C, Johnston M, Beck SR, Feeney A. Do both anticipated relief and anticipated regret predict decisions about influenza vaccination? Br J Health Psychol 2024; 29:134-148. [PMID: 37722923 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anticipated regret has been found to predict vaccination intentions and behaviours. We examined whether anticipated relief also predicts seasonal influenza vaccination intentions and behaviour. Given claims about differences in their antecedents and function, we distinguished between counterfactual relief (relief that a worse outcome did not obtain) and temporal relief (relief that an unpleasant experience is over). DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Unvaccinated participants (N = 295) were recruited online in November 2020. Participants completed measures of anticipated regret, anticipated counterfactual relief, and anticipated temporal relief and measures of theory of planned behaviour constructs (attitudes, norms, perceived control, and intentions). One month later, the same participants were re-surveyed and asked to report their vaccination status. RESULTS Although all anticipated emotion measures were associated with intentions and behaviour, only anticipated counterfactual relief and regret independently predicted vaccination intentions in regression analyses. Mediation analysis showed both anticipated counterfactual relief and regret were indirectly, via intentions, associated with behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that, regardless of valence, counterfactual emotions predict vaccination intention and, indirectly, behaviour. Furthermore, participants may differ in their sensitivity to the anticipation of positive versus negative counterfactual emotions. These findings may permit more precise targeting of interventions to increase vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lorimer
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Christoph Hoerl
- Department of Philosophy, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Sarah R Beck
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aidan Feeney
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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7
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Ohtsu M, Jennings J, Johnston M, Breakspear A, Liu X, Stark K, Morris RJ, de Keijzer J, Faulkner C. Assaying Effector Cell-to-Cell Mobility in Plant Tissues Identifies Hypermobility and Indirect Manipulation of Plasmodesmata. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2024; 37:84-92. [PMID: 37942798 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0052-ta] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, plasmodesmata establish cytoplasmic continuity between cells to allow for communication and resource exchange across the cell wall. While plant pathogens use plasmodesmata as a pathway for both molecular and physical invasion, the benefits of molecular invasion (cell-to-cell movement of pathogen effectors) are poorly understood. To establish a methodology for identification and characterization of the cell-to-cell mobility of effectors, we performed a quantitative live imaging-based screen of candidate effectors of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. We predicted C. higginsianum effectors by their expression profiles, the presence of a secretion signal, and their predicted and in planta localization when fused to green fluorescent protein. We assayed for cell-to-cell mobility of nucleocytosolic effectors and identified 14 that are cell-to-cell mobile. We identified that three of these effectors are "hypermobile," showing cell-to-cell mobility greater than expected for a protein of that size. To explore the mechanism of hypermobility, we chose two hypermobile effectors and measured their impact on plasmodesmata function and found that even though they show no direct association with plasmodesmata, each increases the transport capacity of plasmodesmata. Thus, our methods for quantitative analysis of cell-to-cell mobility of candidate microbe-derived effectors, or any suite of host proteins, can identify cell-to-cell hypermobility and offer greater understanding of how proteins affect plasmodesmal function and intercellular connectivity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ohtsu
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Joanna Jennings
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Andrew Breakspear
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Kara Stark
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Richard J Morris
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Jeroen de Keijzer
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Christine Faulkner
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
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8
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Hubbard G, Allison T, Beattie M, Chandler J, Dixon D, Dryden J, Evans J, Fry R, Johnston M, Maier M, McConnachie E, Pettis E, Stephenson L, den Daas C. How fast is fast enough? Academic behavioural science impacting public health policy and practice. Public Health 2023; 225:e1-e2. [PMID: 37926579 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Hubbard
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - T Allison
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - M Beattie
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - J Chandler
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - D Dixon
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Dryden
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - J Evans
- Public Health, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - R Fry
- Communications and Engagement, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - M Johnston
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M Maier
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - E Pettis
- Corporate Communications, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Stephenson
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - C den Daas
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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9
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Fussell R, Johnston M, Bhatti N, Messiha A, Davies R. Tri-zone aseptic draping technique for temporomandibular joint surgery: a technical note. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 61:713-715. [PMID: 37977947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Fussell
- Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, E1 1FR, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Nabeel Bhatti
- Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, E1 1FR, United Kingdom
| | - Ashraf Messiha
- St Georges Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Rhodri Davies
- Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, E1 1FR, United Kingdom
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10
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Humeniuk R, Juneja K, Chen S, Ellis S, Anoshchenko O, Xiao D, Share A, Johnston M, Davies S, DeZure A, Llewellyn J, Osinusi A, Winter H, Girish S, Palaparthy R, Dresser M. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of inhaled remdesivir in healthy participants. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2276-2288. [PMID: 37688349 PMCID: PMC10651641 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous remdesivir (RDV) is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for hospitalized and nonhospitalized individuals with coronavirus disease 2019. RDV undergoes intracellular metabolic activation to form the active triphosphate, GS-443902, and other metabolites. Alternative administration routes, including localized pulmonary delivery, can lower systemic exposure and maximize exposure at the site of action. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of inhaled RDV in healthy adults. This phase Ia, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated inhaled RDV in healthy participants randomized 4:1 to receive RDV or placebo as single doses (4 cohorts) or multiple once-daily doses (3 cohorts). Doses in cohorts 1-6 were administered as an aerosolized solution for inhalation through a sealed facemask; doses in cohort 7 were administered as an aerosolized solution for inhalation through a mouthpiece. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Seventy-two participants were enrolled (inhaled RDV, n = 58 and placebo, n = 14). Following single RDV doses, RDV, GS-704277, and GS-441524 plasma PK parameters indicated dose-proportional increases in area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) extrapolated to infinite time, AUC from time zero to last quantifiable concentration, and maximum observed concentration. Analyte plasma concentrations after multiple RDV doses were consistent with those for single-dose RDV. Analyte plasma exposures were lower when RDV was administered with a mouthpiece versus a sealed facemask. The most common adverse events included nausea, dizziness, and cough. Single- and multiple-dose inhaled RDV exhibited linear and dose-proportional plasma PK. Administration of RDV via inhalation was generally safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Scott Ellis
- Gilead Sciences, Inc.Foster CityCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Deqing Xiao
- Gilead Sciences, Inc.Foster CityCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aaron Share
- Gilead Sciences, Inc.Foster CityCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Adam DeZure
- Gilead Sciences, Inc.Foster CityCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Anu Osinusi
- Gilead Sciences, Inc.Foster CityCaliforniaUSA
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11
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Graham AJ, McCormack T, Lorimer S, Hoerl C, Beck SR, Johnston M, Feeney A. Relief in everyday life. Emotion 2023; 23:1844-1868. [PMID: 36455007 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite being implicated in a wide range of psychological and behavioral phenomena, relief remains poorly understood from the perspective of psychological science. What complicates the study of relief is that people seem to use the term to describe an emotion that occurs in two distinct situations: when an unpleasant episode is over, or upon realizing that an outcome could have been worse. This study constitutes a detailed empirical investigation of people's reports of everyday episodes of relief. A set of four studies collected a large corpus (N = 1,835) of first-person reports of real-life episodes of relief and examined people's judgments about the antecedents of relief, its relation to counterfactual thoughts, and its subsequent effects on decision making. Some participants described relief experiences that had either purely temporal or purely counterfactual precursors. Nevertheless, the findings indicated that the prototypical instance of relief appears to be one in which both these elements are present. The results also suggest that, although relief is frequently experienced in situations in which people are not responsible for the relief-inducing event, nevertheless they typically report that the experience had a positive impact on subsequent decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Lorimer
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast
| | | | | | | | - Aidan Feeney
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast
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12
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Ripa F, Massella V, Johnston M, Pietropaolo A, Somani B. Outcomes of medical and surgical paediatric cystine stones management: Results of a systematic review over 22 years. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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13
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Ripa F, Ong A, Massella V, Johnston M, Pietropaolo A, Somani B. Role of ureteroscopy and stone treatment in management of recurrent UTIs: Prospective outcomes over a 10-year period. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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14
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Herrera L, Escalon J, Johnston M, Sanchez A, Sanchez R, Mogollon I. Development of a robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) program. Lessons learned after 2500 cases. J Robot Surg 2022; 17:405-411. [PMID: 35732918 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-022-01430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Robotic surgery provides significant advantages in terms of an optimal three-dimensional and magnified view of the surgical field, superior maneuverability of surgical instruments, removal of surgeon's tremor and excellent ergonomics. Nonetheless, the adoption of this technology in thoracic surgery has been slower than in other specialties such as urology, gynecology or digestive surgery. In this article we describe our institution's experience in robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) in the span from 2012 to 2020. During this time the average annual growth of the program has been 55%. Among the most frequently procedures performed were lobectomies, wedge resection and segmentectomies. Surgical time and length of stay decreased as the number of procedures performed increased, relative to the learning curve. Additional important elements considered relevant to the success of the program are the resources available, leadership, motivation of the surgical team, adequate and stepwise training, as well as the collection of data for periodic analysis of results. All those initiatives have led to a relevant improvement of financial variables reflecting a cost reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Herrera
- Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Orlando Regional Medical Center (ORMC), Rod Taylor Thoracic Cancer Care Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Juan Escalon
- Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Orlando Regional Medical Center (ORMC), Rod Taylor Thoracic Cancer Care Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Orlando Regional Medical Center (ORMC), Rod Taylor Thoracic Cancer Care Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Alexis Sanchez
- Corporate Director Robotic Surgery Program, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Renata Sanchez
- Research Fellow, Robotic Surgery Program ORMC, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Mogollon
- Research Fellow, Robotic Surgery Program ORMC, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA.
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15
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Han S, Dadone L, Ferguson S, Bapodra-Villaverde P, Dennis PM, Aruho R, Sadar MJ, Fennessy J, Driciru M, Muneza AB, Brown MB, Johnston M, Lahmers K. Giraffe skin disease: Clinicopathologic characterization of cutaneous filariasis in the critically endangered Nubian giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis). Vet Pathol 2022; 59:467-475. [DOI: 10.1177/03009858221082606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Giraffe skin disease (GSD) is an emerging disease of free-ranging giraffe recognized in the last 25 years in several species, including the critically endangered Nubian giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) of Uganda. Identifying the cause of GSD and understanding its impact on health were deemed paramount to supporting these vulnerable populations. Sixty-four giraffes were immobilized in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda, from 2017 to 2019, and GSD lesions were opportunistically biopsied. Fifty-five giraffes (86%) had GSD lesions on the neck, axilla, chest, and cranial trunk. Lesions were categorized into early, intermediary, and dormant stages based on gross and histological characteristics. Early lesions were smaller, crusted nodules with eosinophilic and pyogranulomatous dermatitis and furunculosis. Intermediary lesions were thick plaques of proliferative and fissured hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with dense dermal granulation tissue and severe eosinophilic and granulomatous dermatitis. Lesions appeared to resolve to dormancy, with dormant lesions consisting of hairless plaques of hyperkeratosis with dermal scarring and residual inflammation. The periphery of early and intermediary lesions included follicular granulomas containing adult filarid nematodes, with myriad encysted microfilariae in the superficial dermis. Stage L3 larvae were common in early and intermediary lesions, and dormant lesions had remnant encysted microfilariae with no adult or stage L3 larvae. Nematodes were morphologically and genetically novel with close identity to Stephanofilaria spp. and Brugia malayi, which cause infectious filariasis. Identification of potential insect vectors, long-term monitoring of GSD lesions, and evaluating response to therapy is ongoing in the efforts to help conserve the Nubian giraffe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushan Han
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael B. Brown
- Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Windhoek, Namibia
- Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | | | - Kevin Lahmers
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, Blacksburg, VA
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16
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Manson D, Johnston M, Kent F. 205 Vascular Outcomes in TIA Patients. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To identify vascular outcomes in patients presenting with TIA
Method
We completed a closed loop audit at the University Hospital of Wales assessing vascular outcomes in TIA patients. We audited the first 100 patients with significant carotid ultrasound findings from January 1st, 2020, and then the first 75 patients with significant findings in the repeat study from July 1st, 2021. We assessed the time between symptom onset, referral, and consultation, whether that be geriatric or vascular, and the outcome of that consultation. If patients required surgical vascular intervention, we assessed whether this was conducted within the 14-day window outlined by national and international guidelines.
Results
We found that for a multitude of reasons, including delayed patient presentation and arduous referral processes, that patients with significant findings were not receiving vascular input within the 14-day window, let alone receive an operation. We suggested that a centralised vascular referral pathway and a consultant of the week would facilitate a more efficient TIA-vascular process, allowing for carotid endarerectomies to be performed within the internationally advised timeframe. The closed loop revealed that although patient presentation and referral times were obviously unaffected, that vascular consultations were occurring far more rapidly, as aided by the newly incorporated consultant of the week.
Conclusions
That a centralised departmental coordinator, and a consultant of the week delegated towards facilitating TIA referrals for potental carotid endarterecomy, was beneficial in terms of meeting standardised timeframes, but that more could be done to improve the service.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. Kent
- UHW, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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17
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Cleymaet AM, de Linde Henriksen M, Pederson SL, Sadar MJ, Johnston M, Tovar-Lopez G, Daniels J, Sharkey L, Teixeira LBC. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 259:1-4. [PMID: 35171817 DOI: 10.2460/javma.19.10.0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Cleymaet
- Comparative Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Michala de Linde Henriksen
- Comparative Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Samantha L Pederson
- Comparative Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Miranda J Sadar
- Avian, Exotic, and Zoological Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Avian, Exotic, and Zoological Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Gretel Tovar-Lopez
- Avian, Exotic, and Zoological Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Joshua Daniels
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Leslie Sharkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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18
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Lorimer S, McCormack T, Jaroslawska AJ, Hoerl C, Beck SR, Johnston M, Feeney A. From Brexit to Biden: What Responses to National Outcomes Tell Us About the Nature of Relief. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211066712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent claims contrast relief experienced because a period of unpleasant uncertainty has ended and an outcome has materialized (temporal relief)—regardless of whether it is one’s preferred outcome—with relief experienced because a particular outcome has occurred, when the alternative was unpalatable (counterfactual relief). Two studies ( N = 993), one run the day after the United Kingdom left the European Union and one the day after Joe Biden’s inauguration, confirmed these claims. “Leavers” and Biden voters experienced high levels of relief, and less regret and disappointment than “Remainers” and Trump voters. “Remainers” and Trump voters showed an effect of precursor, experiencing little relief about the outcome that had occurred but stronger relief that a decision had been implemented. Only Trump voters who believed the election was over showed this precursor effect. Results suggest at least two different triggering conditions for relief and indicate a role for anticipated relief in voting behavior.
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19
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Morgan R, Cleveland T, Hamady M, Oberoi R, Haslam P, Kasthuri R, Johnston M, McCafferty I. Interventional radiology in the 21st century: planning for the future. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:865-869. [PMID: 34776043 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Morgan
- Department of Radiology, St George's University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - T Cleveland
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Hamady
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - R Oberoi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - P Haslam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - R Kasthuri
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Greater Glasgow & Clyde NHS, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Johnston
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Sussex and Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - I McCafferty
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham and Women's NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Perra O, Wass S, McNulty A, Sweet D, Papageorgiou KA, Johnston M, Bilello D, Patterson A, Alderdice F. Correction to: Very preterm infants engage in an intervention to train their control of attention: results from the feasibility study of the attention control training (ACT) randomised trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:201. [PMID: 34763719 PMCID: PMC8582218 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Perra
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK. .,Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Sam Wass
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Alison McNulty
- TinyLife, The Premature Baby Charity for Northern Ireland, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David Sweet
- Health and Social Care Belfast Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Matthew Johnston
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.,Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.,School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Delfina Bilello
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.,Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.,School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aaron Patterson
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona Alderdice
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Lane J, Johnston M, Davies M. 356 An Unfortunate Case of Spinal Injury and Bladder Dysfunction During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There is no doubt that COVID-19 has had a profound impact on every medical and surgical speciality. In the height of the pandemic many non-emergency services were shut down, including dental services, with unexpected consequences. We present a case which highlights the unexpected and indirect consequences of a national lockdown on a Urology patient and discuss learning points.
A 54-year-old male, previously fit and well suffered with a small dental abscess, media outlets were reporting that dental surgeries were closed, and he therefore attempted to drain the abscess himself. The infection spread to his epidural space, causing compression via a collection at L2 and consequently spinal cord injury. This was managed with urgent lumbar decompression and antibiotics.
A specialist functional urology team were involved after his transfer to the tertiary spinal unit 3 months after his first presentation. He was catheterised but suffered with recurrent catheter blockages. Video urodynamics demonstrated a stable bladder with a low-pressure leak point, managed with urethral catheterisation. A repeat video urodynamics demonstrated a loss of compliance and stress incontinence. Unclear as to whether he would regain function rehabilitation techniques are currently being attempted prior for definitive operative management with an artificial sphincter.
This case highlights the indirect impact of COVID-19 on UK urology services, and this has not been widely reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lane
- Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - M Johnston
- Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - M Davies
- Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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22
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Johnston M, Majkowska A, Ahmad M, Kamaledeen S, New F, Beckett D, Bent C, Turner K, Hanna L. 324 Outcomes of Prostate Artery Embolisation In Catheterised Patients: A Case Series. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Prostate artery embolisation (PAE) is an approved treatment for men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-LUTS). Evidence of efficacy for PAE in patients who are unable to void urine spontaneously is scant, however. Traditional treatments for BPH-LUTS have evidence in retention patients and this series aims to report outcomes for PAE in catheterised patients.
Method
The records of consecutive men with BPH-LUTS which required either an indwelling bladder catheter or clean intermittent self-catheterisation (CISC) who subsequently underwent PAE were retrospectively reviewed. Basic demographics were collected along with information on the prostate volume and PAE procedure specifics. The primary outcome was whether patients were catheter/CISC free at 3 months. Other outcomes include complications, use of medications and the need for other surgical treatments post-PAE.
Results
63 men underwent PAE for urinary retention and BPH-LUTS between 2013 and 2020. Of these, 7 underwent a unilateral embolisation for aberrant anatomy. The mean prostate volume was 128ml. 61% of men were free from a catheter/CISC post-treatment. 4 patients suffered post-PAE UTI, whilst 3 patients subsequently underwent Transurethral Resection of the Prostate following PAE for failure to become catheter free. 13 men were entirely free from BPH-LUTS medications.
Conclusions
PAE for catheterised men results in a similar catheter-free rate post procedure to several more invasive BPH treatments. It has a low side-effect profile and gives men with poor health an option to try to become catheter free. PAE should be discussed with men with catheters as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johnston
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - A Majkowska
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - M Ahmad
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - S Kamaledeen
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - F New
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - D Beckett
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - C Bent
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - K Turner
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - L Hanna
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
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23
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Shillitoe B, Lee JC, Hussien M, Beintaris I, Stothard M, Johnston M, Dallal HJ, Michaelis LJ, Attwood S, Dhar A. Clinical spectrum of paediatric and adult eosinophilic oesophagitis in the North East of England from 2016 to 2019. Frontline Gastroenterol 2021; 13:231-236. [PMID: 35493623 PMCID: PMC8996093 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2021-101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a common disease with a significant impact on physical health and quality of life (QoL). Outcomes and management vary widely, with no agreed UK national guideline. This paper aims to describe an up-to-date description of demographics, clinical spectrum and outcomes for paediatric and adult patients with EoE from the North East of England between 2016 and 2019. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients from two large University Hospitals and the specialist paediatric hospital for the North East of England with histologically or clinically confirmed EoE were included in this analysis. Data were collected retrospectively via electronic patient records. Remission was defined as either the resolution of symptoms or improvement on histology. RESULTS Data were collected on 74 paediatric and 59 adult patients. Dysphagia was the most common presenting symptom in both groups, accounting for 51%-84% of all presentations. Proton pump inhibitors and dietary manipulation were the most common therapies associated with remission in children (95% of those achieving remission), whereas the use of swallowed topical steroids was more prevalent in the treatment of adults (55% achieving remission). CONCLUSIONS EoE is a complex disease and poses significant challenges. Outcomes vary widely and need to be tailored to individual patient groups. Dietary manipulation plays a major role in treatment for EoE, but this is likely to be challenging for patients, especially children. Future work should continue to assess the outcomes in EoE, including on QoL and potential novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Shillitoe
- Paediatric Immunology, Allergy and Infectious DIseases, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ji Ching Lee
- Gastroenterology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, UK
| | - Mohammed Hussien
- Gastroenterology, North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Iosif Beintaris
- Gastroenterology, North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Mark Stothard
- Gastroenterology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, UK
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Gastroenterology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, UK
| | - Helen Jane Dallal
- Gastroenterology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, UK
| | - Louise J Michaelis
- Paediatric Immunology, Allergy and Infectious DIseases, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK,Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Anjan Dhar
- Gastroenterology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, UK,School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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24
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Perra O, Wass S, McNulty A, Sweet D, Papageorgiou KA, Johnston M, Bilello D, Patterson A, Alderdice F. Very preterm infants engage in an intervention to train their control of attention: results from the feasibility study of the Attention Control Training (ACT) randomised trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:66. [PMID: 33712090 PMCID: PMC7952829 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very premature birth (gestational age between 28 and 31 + 6 weeks) is associated with increased risk of cognitive delay and attention deficit disorder, which have been linked to anomalies in the development of executive functions (EFs) and their precursors. In particular, very preterm (VP) infants display anomalies in controlling attention and gathering task-relevant information. Early interventions that support attention control may be pivotal in providing a secure base for VP children’s later attainments. The Attention Control Training (ACT) is a cognitive training intervention that targets infants’ abilities to select visual information according to varying task demands but had not been tested in VP infants. We conducted a feasibility study to test the processes we intend to use in a trial delivering the ACT to VP infants. Methods and design We tested recruitment and retention of VP infants and their families in a randomised trial, as well as acceptability and completion of baseline and outcome measures. To evaluate these aims, we used descriptive quantitative statistics and qualitative methods to analyse feedback from infants’ caregivers. We also investigated the quality of eye-tracking data collected and indicators of infants’ engagement in the training, using descriptive statistics. Results Twelve VP infants were recruited, and 10 (83%) completed the study. Participants’ parents had high education attainment. The rate of completion of baseline and outcome measures was optimal. VP infants demonstrated engagement in the training, completing on average 84 min of training over three visits, and displaying improved performance during this training. Eye-tracking data quality was moderate, but this did not interfere with infants’ engagement in the training. Discussion The results suggest the ACT can be delivered to VP infants. However, challenges remain in recruitment of numerous and diverse samples. We discuss strategies to overcome these challenges informed by results of this study. Trial registration Registered Registration ID: NCT03896490. Retrospectively registered at Clinical Trials Protocol Registration and Results System (clinicaltrials.gov). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-021-00809-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Perra
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK. .,Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Sam Wass
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Alison McNulty
- TinyLife, The Premature Baby Charity for Northern Ireland, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David Sweet
- Health and Social Care Belfast Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Matthew Johnston
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.,Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.,School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Delfina Bilello
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.,Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.,School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aaron Patterson
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona Alderdice
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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25
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Johnston M, Irwin J, Roberts S, Leung A, Andersson HS, Orme G, Deroles-Main J, Bakker S. Clostridioides difficile Infection in a Rural New Zealand Secondary Care Centre: An Incidence Case-Control Study. Intern Med J 2021; 52:1009-1015. [PMID: 33528096 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) is a form of antibiotic associated infectious diarrhoea resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Community acquired disease in low risk individuals is increasingly recognised. There are limited New Zealand data published. AIM To determine the incidence and location of onset of CDI cases in the Manawatu region, and further describe the demographics, risk factors and prevalent C. difficile ribotypes of the population. METHODS We performed an incidence case-control study of CDI in the Manawatu region between September 2018 and September 2019. Cases were matched to controls with a negative test for C. difficile. Demographic and comorbidity data, location of onset, drug exposure, disease recurrence and 30-day mortality were collected. Ribotype analysis was performed on C. difficile isolates. RESULTS 32 specimens tested toxin positive over twelve months, yielding an incidence of 18.3 cases per 100,000 person-years. 25% of cases had community onset disease. Cases were more likely to have had amoxicillin/clavulanate or ceftriaxone prescribed. Elevated blood white cell count and lower HbA1c were significantly associated with CDI. The dominant ribotype was 014/020, 2 cases were RT 023. CONCLUSION Our data are similar to previous national data. RT 023 has not been previously reported in New Zealand and has been associated with severe colitis. We demonstrated a significant proportion of community acquired cases and the true incidence may be higher. Vigilance for community onset disease is required. This data may allow observation of temporal changes in incidence and infection patterns of CDI in New Zealand. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Johnston
- Medical Registrar, ORA Department, Capital and Coast District Health Board, New Zealand
| | - James Irwin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Sally Roberts
- Clinical Microbiologist, LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Almond Leung
- Medical Registrar, Department of General Medicine, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
| | | | - Gareth Orme
- Director of Information Systems, Medlab Central, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Jan Deroles-Main
- Charge Scientist and Manager, Microbiology Department, Medlab Central, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Bakker
- Principal Technician, Nosocomial Infections Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR)
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26
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Steiner SCC, Martínez P, Rivera F, Johnston M, Riegl BM. Octocoral populations and connectivity in continental Ecuador and Galápagos, Eastern Pacific. Adv Mar Biol 2020; 87:411-441. [PMID: 33293018 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Octocorals are important zoobenthic organisms, contributing to structural heterogeneity and species diversity on hardgrounds. Their persistence amidst global coral reef degradation and ocean acidification, has prompted renewed interest in this taxon. Octocoral assemblages at 52 sites in continental Ecuador and Galápagos (23 species, 3742 colonies) were examined for composition, size distributions within and among populations, and connectivity patterns based on ocean current models. Species richness varied from 1 to 14 species per site, with the richest sites on the continent. Three assemblage clusters were recognised based on species richness and population size, one with a mix of sites from the mainland and Galápagos (defined by Muricea fruticosa and Leptogorgia alba, Muricea plantaginea and Pacifigorgia darwinii), the second from Santa Elena in southern Ecuador (defined by M. plantaginea and L. alba) and the third from the northernmost sites on the continent, in Esmeraldas (defined by Muricea fruticosa, Heterogorgia hickmani, Leptogorgia manabiensis). Based on biophysical larval flow models with 30, 60, 90-day Pelagic Larval Duration, good connectivity existed along the South American mainland, and from the continent to Galápagos. Connectivity between Galápagos, Cocos, Malpelo and the Colombian mainland may explain the wide distribution of L. alba. Muricea plantaginea had the densest populations with the largest colonies and therewith was an important habitat provider both in continental Ecuador and Galápagos. Continental Ecuador harbours the most speciose populations of octocorals so far recorded in the southern Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Most species were uncommon and possibly vulnerable to local extirpation. The present study may serve as a base line to determine local and regional impacts of future disturbances on ETP octocorals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha C C Steiner
- Cooperación Alemana al Desarrollo (GIZ), Quito, Ecuador; Institute for Tropical Marine Ecology (ITME) Inc., Roseau, Dominica.
| | | | - Fernando Rivera
- Instituto Nazca de Investigaciones Marinas, Salinas, Ecuador
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, United States
| | - Bernhard M Riegl
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, United States
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27
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Johnston M, Black C, Mercer SW, Prescott GJ, Crilly M. The association between secondary care multimorbidity in mid-life and premature mortality. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multimorbidity (MM) is the co-existence of two or more health conditions. Whilst its prevalence is higher in older adults, in absolute numbers there are more multimorbid young people. Recently, the trends for increasing life expectancy observed in high income countries have stalled or reversed. The relationship between MM and premature mortality requires exploration. We assessed the prevalence of secondary care MM in mid-life and its association with premature mortality in the Scottish Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort.
Methods
Prospective cohort study. ACONF members were linked to electronic hospital records and mortality records. Secondary care MM was assessed using hospital records in 2001 when participants were aged 45-51 years. The association between MM and mortality over 15 years (to age 60-66 years) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. There was adjustment for key covariates: age, gender, social class at birth, childhood intelligence, educational attainment, alcohol, smoking, body mass index and adult social class.
Results
Of 9,625 participants (51% male), 3% had MM. Higher childhood intelligence and adult social class were associated with reduced MM. In relation to the reference group (no MM), those with MM had a mortality hazard ratio of 4.5 (95% CI 3.4-6.0) over 15 years. The association remained when adjusted for the covariates (2.5 [95% CI 1.5-4.0]).
Conclusions
Secondary care MM prevalence was 3% in mid-life and associated with premature mortality. Younger adults with MM are an important group at risk of premature mortality which should be the focus of public health action. This includes reducing the impact of social inequality and reconfiguring secondary care services to offer comprehensive management of younger multimorbid adults.
Key messages
Multimorbidity in mid-life is associated with premature mortality and may be an important influence on reducing life expectancy trends. Much focus is upon multimorbidity in older adults, however younger adults with multimorbidity are at risk of premature mortality, requiring public health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johnston
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S W Mercer
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G J Prescott
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - M Crilly
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Khezrian M, Murray AD, McNeil C, Johnston M, Myint PK. The epidemiology of polypharmacy in a large cohort with linked health records in Scotland. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our understanding of the potential harm of taking multiple medications in older, multi-morbid populations is limited. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and its association with hospitalisation in a large cohort with linked health data.
Methods
Prescription data and hospital admission records of the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) Cohort were extracted from the National Health Services Scotland database and linked from 2011-2016. We estimated polypharmacy by measuring monthly drug exposure for 1) total number of prescribed medications and 2) total number of defined daily doses (DDDs). Cox proportional hazard models (adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic circumstances and health conditions) were used to examine the association of polypharmacy and hospitalisation.
Results
Prescription records were linked for 8,713 cohort members. Mean age at baseline was 58.5 years (SD = 1.5) and 50% were female. 1,994 individuals (23%) had at least one health condition and 8% of population had multimorbidity. The proportion of cohort with polypharmacy assessed using taking 5+ medications and taking 5+ DDDs at baseline were 12.7% (female=12.6% vs male=12.7%, P = 0.179), and 15.5% (female=13.8% vs male=17.1%, P < 0.001) respectively. Of all the cohort, 4,365 admitted to hospital (mean follow-up of 3.5 years, total 30,269 person-years). Adjusted hazard ratios for hospitalisation were 1.51 (95 % CI 1.39,1.64, P < 0.001) for polypharmacy measured by number of medications and 1.40 (95 % CI 1.29,1.51 P < 0.001) for polypharmacy estimated by number of daily doses.
Conclusions
Polypharmacy is independently associated with increased risk of hospitalisation. This association could signify polypharmacy as a risk factor and a marker of poor outcome. Data linkage can generate evidence-based information for future policy and health services to improve polypharmacy measurement and management.
Key messages
Data linkage is a cost effective and contemporary return on the investment in data collection and research in public health. Improvement in evidence to better understand the relationship between polypharmacy and health outcomes should be a priority to optimise treatment in older people with various chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C McNeil
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - P K Myint
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Johnston M, Butler J, Clark H, Locock L, Murray AD, Robertson L, Hannaford P, Iversen L, Skea Z, Black C. Co-design of data collection with participants of the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort comprises 12,150 people born in Scotland in the 50s. It contains rich early life data, questionnaire data from mid-life and linked electronic health records. Involving participants in designing future data collection is key to ensure research is acceptable and reflects public priorities.
Aim
Gather ACONF members views to inform how to: research healthy ageing, optimise recruitment and maximise participation.
Methods
3 co-design workshops with 30 ACONF members. A discussion was led by a facilitator using guidance questions developed by the study team. Workshops were recorded and transcribed.
Results
Participants viewed healthy ageing as keeping socially and physically active, taking responsibility for oneself and having a positive attitude to ageing. Research priorities were dementia, improvements in the social care system and engaging hard-to-reach groups. Members were keen for future research involvement. Recruitment may be maximised by: more information online, involving participants in recruiting other study members and clarity about potential benefits to themselves or others. It was acceptable to ask their offspring to participate. There were high levels of trust in researchers, but ongoing data protection is vital. Participation may be improved by regular contact (informing members of results, engagement events, phone “apps”). Participants viewed various data collection methods (questionnaires, applications, wearable devices, in-person tests, DNA collection and electronic record linkage) as acceptable.
Conclusions
Participant involvement is a fundamental part of securing a social license for research. Participants were in favour of ongoing research, including recruitment of their children. The workshops highlighted key considerations for future research and data collection.
Key messages
Co-design is vital for highlighting research topics which are important and relevant to the general population. Co-design can highlight strategies for maximising research participation and securing a social license for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johnston
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Butler
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H Clark
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Locock
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A D Murray
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Robertson
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - P Hannaford
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Iversen
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Z Skea
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Johnston M, Black C, Mercer SW. The association between psychological distress in mid-life and hospital-based multimorbidity. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mental ill-health is common with significant impact on individuals and services. Using healthcare records to identify poor mental health missed individuals who do not seek healthcare treatment. A screening questionnaire (General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)) can detect psychological distress. However, before considering implementing such a screening tool, we need to understand if it detects those at high risk of experiencing poorer outcomes. Hospital-based multimorbidity is a rising healthcare challenge. The aim was to assess the prevalence of psychological distress in mid-life and its influence on hospital-based multimorbidity by older age in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort.
Methods
Prospective cohort study using ACONF. GHQ-4 was measured in mid-life from questionnaire. Multimorbidity (2 or more co-existing conditions) was measured using linked hospital records in older age (15 years after the questionnaire). The relationship between psychological distress (GHQ-4 score of 1 or more) and multimorbidity was assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for key life-course variables.
Results
Of 5,839 individuals (48% male, mean age 48), psychological distress prevalence was 20% and was associated with being female, lower childhood cognition, lower educational attainment, lower adult social class, unemployment, higher adult body mass index, smoking and alcohol misuse. In comparison to the asymptomatic reference group, the odds ratio for multimorbidity in older age in those with psychological distress was 2.2 (95% CI 1.8-2.7) in the unadjusted model. In the adjusted model this was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8).
Conclusions
1 in 5 individuals in the general population in mid-life had psychological distress. This was associated with hospital-based multimorbidity by older age. Intervening early could reduce costs to both individuals and healthcare services. The next step is research of the cost-effectiveness of population screening for psychological distress.
Key messages
Psychological distress in mid-life is associated with hospital-based multimorbidity by older age. Screening for psychological distress early in life should be explored as an intervention to reduce costs to individuals and healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johnston
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S W Mercer
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
Medicine has around 450 academic foundation roles available every year involving research and teaching, leadership and management, or quality improvement. However, an academic career in dentistry is not as clearly defined immediately post-graduation. The North East General Professional Training scheme is a two-year longitudinal dental foundation training scheme and this year, for the first time, has conducted a pilot programme allowing two trainees the opportunity to complete a research project. The experiences of the two trainees confirm the benefit of dental foundation research posts and support the need for additional positions nationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schofield
- Newcastle Dental Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AZ, UK.
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Newcastle Dental Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AZ, UK
| | - Paul Blaylock
- Health Education England, Bourne House, Mandale Business Park, Durham, Tyne and Wear, DH1 1TH, UK
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Hart J, Tracy R, Johnston M, Brown S, Stephenson C, Kegg J, Waymack J. Recommendations for Prehospital Airway Management in Patients with Suspected COVID-19 Infection. West J Emerg Med 2020; 21:809-812. [PMID: 32726247 PMCID: PMC7390580 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and hospitals nationwide have developed new protocols to address infection control as well as the care of critical patients. Airway management has been particularly difficult; the challenge of quickly establishing an airway in patients must be balanced by the risk of aerosolizing respiratory secretions and putting the provider at risk of infection. Significant attention has been given to developing protocols for the emergency department and critical care units, but little guidance regarding establishing airway and respiratory support for patients in the prehospital setting has been made available. While some of the recommendations can be extrapolated from hospital guidelines, other factors such as environment and available resources make these protocols unfeasible. Through review of current literature the authors established recommendations regarding airway management and the provision of respiratory support to patients developing respiratory failure related to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hart
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Tracy
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Sara Brown
- Memorial Medical Center, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Connor Stephenson
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Jason Kegg
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
- State of Illinois EMS Medical Director, Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois
| | - James Waymack
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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Maniakas A, Jozaghi Y, Zafereo ME, Sturgis EM, Su SY, Gillenwater AM, Gidley PW, Lewis CM, Diaz E, Goepfert RP, Kupferman ME, Gross ND, Hessel AC, Pytynia KB, Nader M, Wang JR, Lango MN, Kiong KL, Guo T, Zhao X, Yao CMKL, Appelbaum E, Alpard J, Garcia JA, Terry S, Flynn JE, Bauer S, Fournier D, Burgess CG, Wideman C, Johnston M, You C, De Luna R, Joseph L, Diersing J, Prescott K, Heiberger K, Mugartegui L, Rodriguez J, Zendehdel S, Sellers J, Friddell RA, Thomas A, Khanjae SJ, Schwarzlose KB, Chambers MS, Hofstede TM, Cardoso RC, Wesson RA, Won A, Otun AO, Gombos DS, Al‐Zubidi N, Hutcheson KA, Gunn GB, Rosenthal DI, Gillison ML, Ferrarotto R, Weber RS, Hanna EY, Myers JN, Lai SY. Head and neck surgical oncology in the time of a pandemic: Subsite-specific triage guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Head Neck 2020; 42:1194-1201. [PMID: 32342541 PMCID: PMC7267348 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has strained human and material resources around the world. Practices in surgical oncology had to change in response to these resource limitations, triaging based on acuity, expected oncologic outcomes, availability of supportive resources, and safety of health care personnel. METHODS The MD Anderson Head and Neck Surgery Treatment Guidelines Consortium devised the following to provide guidance on triaging head and neck cancer (HNC) surgeries based on multidisciplinary consensus. HNC subsites considered included aerodigestive tract mucosa, sinonasal, salivary, endocrine, cutaneous, and ocular. RECOMMENDATIONS Each subsite is presented separately with disease-specific recommendations. Options for alternative treatment modalities are provided if surgical treatment needs to be deferred. CONCLUSION These guidelines are intended to help clinicians caring for patients with HNC appropriately allocate resources during a health care crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to advocate for individual consideration of cases in a multidisciplinary fashion based on individual patient circumstances and resource availability.
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Cleymaet AM, Ehrhart EJ, Sadar MJ, Johnston M, Wotman K, de Linde Henriksen M. Unfolding the diagnosis of subspectacular fluid opacity in a corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus). Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:754-759. [PMID: 32468722 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the results of clinical, surgical, and histopathologic procedures and how these were compared with the initial presumptive clinical diagnosis in a corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) presenting with subspectacular fluid opacity; and to improve upon currently established surgical enucleation techniques in the snake. ANIMAL STUDIED An 8-month-old corn snake was presented for enlarged globe OD. PROCEDURES The following diagnostics were performed: systemic and ophthalmic examinations, complete blood count, cytology and culture of subspectacular fluid, and histopathology of enucleated globe and spectacle. Enucleation was performed in a routine fashion with the addition of a porcine small intestinal submucosa bioscaffold graft (SISplus™; Avalon Medical, Stillwater, MN), sutured over the orbit. RESULTS Systemic examination revealed signs of maxillary stomatitis. Ophthalmic examination revealed semitransparent fluid in the subspectacular space. Complete blood count was unremarkable. Cytology of fluid obtained via subspectacular centesis was acellular, and culture grew Clostridium perfringens, which was consistent with the clinical suspicion of right maxillary stomatitis. Histopathology of the enucleated globe revealed spectaculitis, characterized by regional heterophilic inflammation, and no evidence of lymph dissection in the (peri)ocular tissues. The final diagnosis was a subspectacular abscess. Follow-up revealed that the SIS graft provided excellent healing and cosmesis of the surgical site. CONCLUSIONS While there are reports of lymphatic fluid dissection between skin layers during ecdysis, which can result in an opaque spectacle, the fluid opacity in this case was attributed to a subspectacular abscess secondary to an ascending oral infection. Addition of biological wound dressing may contribute to positive post-enucleation outcome in the snake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Cleymaet
- Comparative ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Ethos Diagnostic Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miranda J Sadar
- Avian, Exotic, and Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Avian, Exotic, and Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn Wotman
- Comparative ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michala de Linde Henriksen
- Comparative ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Riesmeier M, Mattonai M, Wong SS, Veall MA, Betts J, Johnston M, Ribechini E, Devièse T. Molecular profiling of Peru Balsam reveals active ingredients responsible for its pharmaceutical properties. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5311-5316. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1753056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marabel Riesmeier
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marco Mattonai
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Szu Shen Wong
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Margaret-Ashley Veall
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Betts
- Royal Pharmaceutical Society, London, UK
| | | | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Thibaut Devièse
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Flannigan KL, Johnston M, Erickson SL, Nieves K, Jijon H, Gallo M, McCoy K, Hirota SA. A14 GUT-RESIDING BACTERIA CAN SHAPE HOST DRUG METABOLISM IN THE SMALL INTESTINE THROUGH AN INNATE LYMPHOID CELL-IL-22 DRIVEN AXIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The ability of the intestinal microbiota to influence drug metabolism has been recognized, however the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unexplored. Recent work in germ-free mice showed that conventionalization with specific pathogen free (SPF) microbiota influences the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the liver and small intestine (SI), two important sites of drug metabolism. Given that CYP enzymes, including CYP3A11 in mice, account for roughly 70% of total drug metabolism, we hypothesized that commensal gut bacteria can shape the CYP landscape to influence drug metabolism and therapeutic outcomes.
Aims
To investigate the role of specific gut-residing microbes in shaping the expression and activity of host drug metabolism enzymes.
Methods
Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-free mice were obtained from Jackson Lab (Jax) and colonized with feces from SFB-mono-associated mice via oral gavage. 14 days later, expression of drug metabolism enzymes in the SI were probed using PCR arrays, and lamina propria cells isolated for flow cytometry. A monoclonal antibody for Thy1.2 was used to deplete innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in RAG1-/- mice (lacking T- and B-cells). CYP3A11 activity was determined through the colorimetric breakdown of the CYP3A11-specific substrate 7-benzyloxyresorufin. SI organoids were generated from mice and humans, and treated with IL-22 to further assess the dynamics of CYP3A11/CYP3A4 expression and activity.
Results
Colonization of Jax mice with immunomodulatory SFB altered the expression of various CYP enzymes in the SI (but not liver), with Cyp3a11 being the most downregulated gene. Further analysis showed that SFB-induced IL-22 production by type 3 ILCs (ILC3) correlated with reduced SI Cyp3a11 expression. Additionally, SFB colonization had no effect on the expression of Cyp3a11 in the SI of mice in which ILCs were depleted. Both SFB colonization and administration of IL-23, to induce IL-22 from ILC3, increased the ability of the CYP3A11-metabolized drug glyburide to decrease blood glucose levels when given orally. In mouse SI enteroid cultures, IL-22 dose-dependently reduced the expression of Cyp3a11 and decreased the ability of enteroids to metabolize CYP3A11-specific substrates. Finally, IL-22 induced wide changes in the transcriptome of human SI enteroids, with substantial effects on a drug metabolism pathway centred around CYP3A.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that a gut-resident microbe (SFB) can influence the expression and activity of the drug metabolising enzyme CYP3A11 in the SI through an ILC3-IL-22 dependent mechanism. These findings provide an understanding of how the intestinal microbiota may modulate host drug metabolism to influence the efficacy and toxicity of various pharmaceutical compounds.
Funding Agencies
CAG, CIHRAbbvie, Lloyd Sutherland Investigatorship
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Johnston
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S L Erickson
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Nieves
- Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Jijon
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Gallo
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K McCoy
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S A Hirota
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Perra O, Wass S, McNulty A, Sweet D, Papageorgiou K, Johnston M, Patterson A, Bilello D, Alderdice F. Training attention control of very preterm infants: protocol for a feasibility study of the Attention Control Training (ACT). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:17. [PMID: 32055404 PMCID: PMC7008548 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-0556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born preterm may display cognitive, learning, and behaviour difficulties as they grow up. In particular, very premature birth (gestation age between 28 and less than 32 weeks) may put infants at increased risk of intellectual deficits and attention deficit disorder. Evidence suggests that the basis of these problems may lie in difficulties in the development of executive functions. One of the earliest executive functions to emerge around 1 year of age is the ability to control attention. An eye-tracking-based cognitive training programme to support this emerging ability, the Attention Control Training (ACT), has been developed and tested with typically developing infants. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using the ACT with healthy very preterm (VP) infants when they are 12 months of age (corrected age). The ACT has the potential to address the need for supporting emerging cognitive abilities of VP infants with an early intervention, which may capitalise on infants' neural plasticity. METHODS/DESIGN The feasibility study is designed to investigate whether it is possible to recruit and retain VP infants and their families in a randomised trial that compares attention and social attention of trained infants against those that are exposed to a control procedure. Feasibility issues include the referral/recruitment pathway, attendance, and engagement with testing and training sessions, completion of tasks, retention in the study, acceptability of outcome measures, quality of data collected (particularly, eye-tracking data). The results of the study will inform the development of a larger randomised trial. DISCUSSION Several lines of evidence emphasise the need to support emerging cognitive and learning abilities of preterm infants using early interventions. However, early interventions with preterm infants, and particularly very preterm ones, face difficulties in recruiting and retaining participants. These problems are also augmented by the health vulnerability of this population. This feasibility study will provide the basis for informing the implementation of an early cognitive intervention for very preterm infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered Registration ID: NCT03896490. Retrospectively registered at Clinical Trials Protocol Registration and Results System (clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Perra
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, UK
- Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sam Wass
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Alison McNulty
- TinyLife, The Premature Baby Charity for Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK
| | - David Sweet
- Health and Social Care Belfast Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kostas Papageorgiou
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Matthew Johnston
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, UK
- Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aaron Patterson
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Delfina Bilello
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, UK
- Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Fiona Alderdice
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Algar D, Johnston M, Tiller C, Onus M, Fletcher J, Desmond G, Hamilton N, Speldewinde P. Feral cat eradication on Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Endenburg
- Division Human‐Animal Relations Department of Animals in Science and Society Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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Nicholson SL, Greig CA, Sniehotta F, Johnston M, Lewis SJ, McMurdo ME, Johnston D, Scopes J, Mead GE. Quantitative data analysis of perceived barriers and motivators to physical activity in stroke survivors. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2019; 47:231-236. [PMID: 29465097 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2017.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levels of physical activity after stroke are low, despite multiple health benefits. We explored stroke survivors' perceived barriers, motivators, self-efficacy and intention to physical activity. METHODS Fifty independently mobile stroke survivors were recruited prior to hospital discharge. Participants rated nine possible motivators and four possible barriers based on the Mutrie Scale, as having 'no influence', 'some influence' or 'a major influence' on physical activity. Participants also rated their self-efficacy and intention to increasing walking. RESULTS The most common motivator was 'physical activity is good for health' [34 (68%)]. The most common barrier was 'feeling too tired' [24 (48%)]. Intention and self-efficacy were high. Self-efficacy was graded as either 4 or 5 (highly confident) on a five-point scale by [34 (68%)] participants, while 42 (84%) 'strongly agreed' or 'agreed' that they intended to increase their walking. CONCLUSION Participants felt capable of increasing physical activity but fatigue was often perceived as a barrier to physical activity. This needs to be considered when encouraging stroke survivors to be more active.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Nicholson
- S Nicholson, Physical Activity for Health, Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, St Leonards Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh EH8 9JX, UK.
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Murchie P, Masthoff J, Walter FM, Rahman K, Allan JL, Burrows N, Proby C, Lee AJ, Johnston M, Durrani A, Depasquale I, Brant B, Neilson A, Meredith F, Treweek S, Hall S, McDonald A. Achieving Self-Directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) in melanoma: protocol for a randomised patient-focused pilot trial of delivering the ASICA intervention as a means to earlier detection of recurrent and second primary melanoma. Trials 2019; 20:318. [PMID: 31159849 PMCID: PMC6547590 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is common; 15,906 people in the UK were diagnosed with melanoma in 2015 and incidence has increased fivefold in 30 years. Melanoma affects old and young people, with poor prognosis once metastatic. UK guidelines recommend people treated for cutaneous melanoma receive extended outpatient, hospital follow up to detect recurrence or new primaries. Such follow up of the growing population of melanoma survivors is burdensome for both individuals and health services. Follow up is important since approximately 20% of patients with early-stage melanoma experience a recurrence and 4-8% develop a new primary; the risk of either is highest in the first 5 years. Achieving Self-directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) is a digital intervention to increase total-skin-self-examination (TSSE) by people treated for melanoma, with usual follow up. METHODS We aim to recruit 240 adults with a previous first-stage 0-2C primary cutaneous melanoma, from secondary care in North-East Scotland and the East of England. Participants will be randomised to receive the ASICA intervention (a tablet-based digital intervention to prompt and support TSSE) or control group (treatment as usual). Patient-reported and clinical data will be collected at baseline, including the modified Melanoma Worry Scale (MWS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADs), the EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5 L), and questions about TSSE practice, intentions, self-efficacy and planning. Participants will be followed up by postal questionnaire at 3, 6 and 12 months following randomization, along with a 12-month review of clinical data. The primary timepoint for outcome analyses will be12 months after randomisation. DISCUSSION If the ASICA intervention improves the practice of TSSE in those affected by melanoma, this may lead to improved psychological well-being and earlier detection of recurrent and new primary melanoma. This could impact both patients and National Health Service (NHS) resources. This study will determine if a full-scale randomised controlled trial can be undertaken in the UK NHS to provide the high-quality evidence needed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. ASICA is a pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of the practice of digitally supported TSSE in those affected by melanoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03328247 . Registered on 1 November 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Murchie
- Academic Primary Care Research Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - J. Masthoff
- Department of Computing Science, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, King’s College, Aberdeeen, AB24 3UE UK
| | - F. M. Walter
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8SR UK
| | - K. Rahman
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN UK
| | - J. L. Allan
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - N. Burrows
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - C. Proby
- University of Dundee, Division of Cancer Research, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - A. J. Lee
- Medical Statistics Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - M. Johnston
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - A. Durrani
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - I. Depasquale
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN UK
| | - B. Brant
- NHS Grampian, Dr Gray’s Hospital, Elgin, IV30 1SN UK
| | - A. Neilson
- Academic Primary Care Research Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - F. Meredith
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN UK
| | - S. Treweek
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - S. Hall
- Academic Primary Care Research Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - A. McDonald
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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Young A, Johnston M. IN MEMORIAM. Lymphology 2019. [DOI: 10.2458/lymph.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
John (Jack) B. Hay, PhDDecember 24, 1942 - February 25, 2019Lymphoimmunologist and Mentor Extraordinaire
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Ojha H, Masaracchio M, Johnston M, Howard RJ, Egan WE, Kirker K, Davenport TE. Minimal physical therapy utilization compared with higher physical therapy utilization for patients with low back pain: a systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 36:1179-1200. [PMID: 30739564 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1571135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Currently there is a large and perhaps unwarranted variation regarding physical therapy utilization for individuals with low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the effects of minimal physical therapy utilization/education (two visits or less) versus typical physical therapy utilization (three visits or more) on patient-important outcomes for patients with LBP. Methods: Two independent reviewers searched Cochrane, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PEDro from database inception until March 2017. Eligible studies used a randomized design, included subjects with LBP, and compared minimal versus higher utilization. The GRADE approach was used to provide an overall level of evidence regarding utilization. Eight articles (1153 individual subjects) met the inclusion criteria. Effect sizes for each outcome measure were calculated using Hedge's g and were adjusted for baseline values at each time period. Findings: When compared with minimal utilization, higher utilization demonstrated no significant differences on pain, disability, or quality of life at the 1-year follow-up. However, two of the three studies that analyzed cost-effectiveness found higher utilization to be more cost-effective at 1-year follow-up. Moreover, there was insufficient evidence available to investigate patient subgroups (acuity, risk for chronicity), multiple levels of utilization dosage (low, typical, and high), or intervention type. Conclusions: This review identifies the need for further research on the dosage of physical therapy among various subgroups of patients with LBP. While higher utilization may not result in significant improvements in patient-important outcomes, it may be more cost-effective for patients with chronic or complex LBP conditions when compared to minimal utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ojha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Johnston
- Department of Physical Therapy, Apex Physical Therapy , Chalfont, PA, USA
| | - Ralph J Howard
- Department of Physical Therapy, St. Mary Home Health , Langhorne, PA, USA
| | - William E Egan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Kirker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Long Island University , Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Todd E Davenport
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of the Pacific, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Stockton, CA, USA
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Chen-Turner C, Johnston M. 36THE APPROPRIATENESS OF LIDOCAINE PATCH CLINICAL USE AT THE ROYAL LIVERPOOL AND BROADGREEN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS TRUST: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy211.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Chen-Turner
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - M Johnston
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust
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Davis L, Coverdale L, Johnston M, Prentice N. Is There Seasonal Variation in the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation? Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Johnston M, McBride M, Dahiya D, Owusu-Apenten R, Nigam PS. Antibacterial activity of Manuka honey and its components: An overview. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:655-664. [PMID: 31294240 PMCID: PMC6613335 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.4.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of honey for medicinal purposes is well documented in some of the world's oldest literature. Honey is well known and studied for its antimicrobial properties. The medicinal properties in honey originate from the floral source used by bees. Manuka honey is a dark monofloral honey rich in phenolic content, and currently it is gaining much attention for its antimicrobial activity. Researchers have found that honey is effective against a wide range of pathogens. The antibacterial potency of Manuka honey was found to be related to the Unique Manuka Factor (UMF) rating, which is correlated with the methylglyoxal and total phenols content. It is reported that different types of Manuka honey have differing effects and Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant than Gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial resistance to honey as antimicrobial agent has yet to be identified, possibly due to the presence of a complex mixture of methylglyoxal and other components. Honey is also reported to alter a bacterium's shape and size through septal ring alteration, which affects cell morphology and growth. Research has shown that Manuka honey of different UMF values has medicinal properties of interest and it can be beneficial when used as a combination treatment with other antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Johnston
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michael McBride
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Divakar Dahiya
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Richard Owusu-Apenten
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK
| | - Poonam Singh Nigam
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Miller C, Sasaki K, Steller C, Johnston M. Safety and Feasibility of a Novel, Surgeon Designed Method for Contained, Power Morcellation. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Turner J, Pond G, Tremblay A, Johnston M, Goss G, Nicholas G, Martel S, Bhatia R, Liu G, Schmidt H, Tammemagi M, Puksa S, Atkar-Khattra S, Tsao M, Lam S, Goffin J. P2.11-23 Risk Perception Among a Lung Cancer Screening Population. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xu Z, Castonguay M, Greer W, Alwithenani A, Bethune D, Drucker A, Flowerdew G, Forsythe M, French D, Henteleff H, Johnston M, Macneil M, Morzycki W, Plourde M, Snow S, Surette A. MA09.10 Molecular Profiling and PD-L1 Status in 900 Cases of Surgically Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Clinical and Pathological Correlation. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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