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Kenworthy M, Lock S, Kennedy G, van Capelleveen R, Mamajek E, Carone L, Hambsch FJ, Masiero J, Mainzer A, Kirkpatrick JD, Gomez E, Leinhardt Z, Dou J, Tanna P, Sainio A, Barker H, Charbonnel S, Garde O, Le Dû P, Mulato L, Petit T, Rizzo Smith M. Author Correction: A planetary collision afterglow and transit of the resultant debris cloud. Nature 2024; 625:E1. [PMID: 38040870 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Lock
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Grant Kennedy
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Eric Mamajek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ludmila Carone
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz-Josef Hambsch
- Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde, Brugge, Belgium
- American Association of Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Veränderliche Sterne e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph Masiero
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Amy Mainzer
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Edward Gomez
- Las Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Zoë Leinhardt
- School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jingyao Dou
- School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pavan Tanna
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Garde
- Southern Spectroscopic Project Observatory Team, Chabons, France
| | - Pascal Le Dû
- Southern Spectroscopic Project Observatory Team, Chabons, France
| | - Lionel Mulato
- Southern Spectroscopic Project Observatory Team, Chabons, France
| | - Thomas Petit
- Southern Spectroscopic Project Observatory Team, Chabons, France
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Kenworthy M, Lock S, Kennedy G, van Capelleveen R, Mamajek E, Carone L, Hambsch FJ, Masiero J, Mainzer A, Kirkpatrick JD, Gomez E, Leinhardt Z, Dou J, Tanna P, Sainio A, Barker H, Charbonnel S, Garde O, Le Dû P, Mulato L, Petit T, Rizzo Smith M. A planetary collision afterglow and transit of the resultant debris cloud. Nature 2023; 622:251-254. [PMID: 37821589 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Planets grow in rotating disks of dust and gas around forming stars, some of which can subsequently collide in giant impacts after the gas component is removed from the disk1-3. Monitoring programmes with the warm Spitzer mission have recorded substantial and rapid changes in mid-infrared output for several stars, interpreted as variations in the surface area of warm, dusty material ejected by planetary-scale collisions and heated by the central star: for example, NGC 2354-ID8 (refs. 4,5), HD 166191 (ref. 6) and V488 Persei7. Here we report combined observations of the young (about 300 million years old), solar-like star ASASSN-21qj: an infrared brightening consistent with a blackbody temperature of 1,000 Kelvin and a luminosity that is 4 percent that of the star lasting for about 1,000 days, partially overlapping in time with a complex and deep, wavelength-dependent optical eclipse that lasted for about 500 days. The optical eclipse started 2.5 years after the infrared brightening, implying an orbital period of at least that duration. These observations are consistent with a collision between two exoplanets of several to tens of Earth masses at 2-16 astronomical units from the central star. Such an impact produces a hot, highly extended post-impact remnant with sufficient luminosity to explain the infrared observations. Transit of the impact debris, sheared by orbital motion into a long cloud, causes the subsequent complex eclipse of the host star.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Lock
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Grant Kennedy
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Eric Mamajek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ludmila Carone
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz-Josef Hambsch
- Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde, Brugge, Belgium
- American Association of Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Veränderliche Sterne e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph Masiero
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Amy Mainzer
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Edward Gomez
- Las Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Zoë Leinhardt
- School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jingyao Dou
- School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pavan Tanna
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Garde
- Southern Spectroscopic Project Observatory Team, Chabons, France
| | - Pascal Le Dû
- Southern Spectroscopic Project Observatory Team, Chabons, France
| | - Lionel Mulato
- Southern Spectroscopic Project Observatory Team, Chabons, France
| | - Thomas Petit
- Southern Spectroscopic Project Observatory Team, Chabons, France
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Doelman DS, Snik F, Por EH, Bos SP, Otten GPPL, Kenworthy M, Haffert SY, Wilby M, Bohn AJ, Sutlieff BJ, Miller K, Ouellet M, de Boer J, Keller CU, Escuti MJ, Shi S, Warriner NZ, Hornburg K, Birkby JL, Males J, Morzinski KM, Close LM, Codona J, Long J, Schatz L, Lumbres J, Rodack A, Van Gorkom K, Hedglen A, Guyon O, Lozi J, Groff T, Chilcote J, Jovanovic N, Thibault S, de Jonge C, Allain G, Vallée C, Patel D, Côté O, Marois C, Hinz P, Stone J, Skemer A, Briesemeister Z, Boehle A, Glauser AM, Taylor W, Baudoz P, Huby E, Absil O, Carlomagno B, Delacroix C. Vector-apodizing phase plate coronagraph: design, current performance, and future development [Invited]. Appl Opt 2021; 60:D52-D72. [PMID: 34263828 DOI: 10.1364/ao.422155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the vector-apodizing phase plate (vAPP) coronagraph has been developed from concept to on-sky application in many high-contrast imaging systems on 8 m class telescopes. The vAPP is a geometric-phase patterned coronagraph that is inherently broadband, and its manufacturing is enabled only by direct-write technology for liquid-crystal patterns. The vAPP generates two coronagraphic point spread functions (PSFs) that cancel starlight on opposite sides of the PSF and have opposite circular polarization states. The efficiency, that is, the amount of light in these PSFs, depends on the retardance offset from a half-wave of the liquid-crystal retarder. Using different liquid-crystal recipes to tune the retardance, different vAPPs operate with high efficiencies (${\gt}96\%$) in the visible and thermal infrared (0.55 µm to 5 µm). Since 2015, seven vAPPs have been installed in a total of six different instruments, including Magellan/MagAO, Magellan/MagAO-X, Subaru/SCExAO, and LBT/LMIRcam. Using two integral field spectrographs installed on the latter two instruments, these vAPPs can provide low-resolution spectra (${\rm{R}} \sim 30$) between 1 µm and 5 µm. We review the design process, development, commissioning, on-sky performance, and first scientific results of all commissioned vAPPs. We report on the lessons learned and conclude with perspectives for future developments and applications.
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Plavchan P, Barclay T, Gagné J, Gao P, Cale B, Matzko W, Dragomir D, Quinn S, Feliz D, Stassun K, Crossfield IJM, Berardo DA, Latham DW, Tieu B, Anglada-Escudé G, Ricker G, Vanderspek R, Seager S, Winn JN, Jenkins JM, Rinehart S, Krishnamurthy A, Dynes S, Doty J, Adams F, Afanasev DA, Beichman C, Bottom M, Bowler BP, Brinkworth C, Brown CJ, Cancino A, Ciardi DR, Clampin M, Clark JT, Collins K, Davison C, Foreman-Mackey D, Furlan E, Gaidos EJ, Geneser C, Giddens F, Gilbert E, Hall R, Hellier C, Henry T, Horner J, Howard AW, Huang C, Huber J, Kane SR, Kenworthy M, Kielkopf J, Kipping D, Klenke C, Kruse E, Latouf N, Lowrance P, Mennesson B, Mengel M, Mills SM, Morton T, Narita N, Newton E, Nishimoto A, Okumura J, Palle E, Pepper J, Quintana EV, Roberge A, Roccatagliata V, Schlieder JE, Tanner A, Teske J, Tinney CG, Vanderburg A, von Braun K, Walp B, Wang J, Wang SX, Weigand D, White R, Wittenmyer RA, Wright DJ, Youngblood A, Zhang H, Zilberman P. A planet within the debris disk around the pre-main-sequence star AU Microscopii. Nature 2020; 582:497-500. [PMID: 32581383 PMCID: PMC7323865 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Plavchan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Thomas Barclay
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA.,Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Gagné
- Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Gao
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bryson Cale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - William Matzko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Diana Dragomir
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sam Quinn
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dax Feliz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keivan Stassun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ian J M Crossfield
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - David W Latham
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben Tieu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | - George Ricker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sara Seager
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Stephen Rinehart
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - Scott Dynes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Doty
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Fred Adams
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dennis A Afanasev
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Chas Beichman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mike Bottom
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Brendan P Bowler
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Carolyn J Brown
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Cancino
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - David R Ciardi
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mark Clampin
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jake T Clark
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Collins
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cassy Davison
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Elise Furlan
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Gaidos
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Claire Geneser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Frank Giddens
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Emily Gilbert
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Hall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Horner
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew W Howard
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea Huang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Huber
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Stephen R Kane
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - John Kielkopf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David Kipping
- Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris Klenke
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Ethan Kruse
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Natasha Latouf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | - Bertrand Mennesson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Mengel
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sean M Mills
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tim Morton
- Astronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Norio Narita
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Tokyo, Japan.,Astrobiology Center, NINS, Tokyo, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, NINS, Tokyo, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Newton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - America Nishimoto
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Jack Okumura
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Enric Palle
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Joshua Pepper
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Elisa V Quintana
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Aki Roberge
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Roccatagliata
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Universita' di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joshua E Schlieder
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Angelle Tanner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Johanna Teske
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - C G Tinney
- Exoplanetary Science at UNSW, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Vanderburg
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Bernie Walp
- NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Denise Weigand
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Russel White
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert A Wittenmyer
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Duncan J Wright
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allison Youngblood
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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