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Xing Z, Li Y, Cortes-Gomez E, Jiang X, Gao S, Pao A, Shan J, Song Y, Perez A, Yu T, Highsmith MR, Boadu F, Conroy JM, Singh PK, Bakin AV, Cheng J, Duan Z, Wang J, Liu S, Tycko B, Yu YE. Dissection of a Down syndrome-associated trisomy to separate the gene dosage-dependent and -independent effects of an extra chromosome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2205-2218. [PMID: 37014740 PMCID: PMC10281752 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an aneuploidy, trisomy is associated with mammalian embryonic and postnatal abnormalities. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in mutant phenotypes is broadly important and may lead to new strategies to treat clinical manifestations in individuals with trisomies, such as trisomy 21 [Down syndrome (DS)]. Although increased gene dosage effects because of a trisomy may account for the mutant phenotypes, there is also the possibility that phenotypic consequences of a trisomy can arise because of the presence of a freely segregating extra chromosome with its own centromere, i.e. a 'free trisomy' independent of gene dosage effects. Presently, there are no reports of attempts to functionally separate these two types of effects in mammals. To fill this gap, here we describe a strategy that employed two new mouse models of DS, Ts65Dn;Df(17)2Yey/+ and Dp(16)1Yey/Df(16)8Yey. Both models carry triplications of the same 103 human chromosome 21 gene orthologs; however, only Ts65Dn;Df(17)2Yey/+ mice carry a free trisomy. Comparison of these models revealed the gene dosage-independent impacts of an extra chromosome at the phenotypic and molecular levels for the first time. They are reflected by impairments of Ts65Dn;Df(17)2Yey/+ males in T-maze tests when compared with Dp(16)1Yey/Df(16)8Yey males. Results from the transcriptomic analysis suggest the extra chromosome plays a major role in trisomy-associated expression alterations of disomic genes beyond gene dosage effects. This model system can now be used to deepen our mechanistic understanding of this common human aneuploidy and obtain new insights into the effects of free trisomies in other human diseases such as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xing
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Cortes-Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Bioinformatics, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Annie Pao
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jidong Shan
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yinghui Song
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Perez
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Max R Highsmith
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Frimpong Boadu
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Conroy
- Research and Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA
- Research Support Services, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrei V Bakin
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Hackensack-Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, USA
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Y Eugene Yu
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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