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Rebelo P, Brooks D, Cravo J, Mendes MA, Oliveira AC, Rijo AS, Moura MJ, Marques A. Beyond pulmonary rehabilitation: can the PICk UP programme fill the gap? A randomised trial in COPD. Pulmonology 2024:S2531-0437(24)00047-3. [PMID: 38734564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a fundamental intervention to manage COPD, however, maintaining its benefits is challenging. Engaging in physical activity might help to prolong PR benefits. This study assessed the efficacy and effectiveness of a personalised community-based physical activity programme to sustain physical activity and other health-related PR benefits, in people with COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a multicentre, assessor blinded, randomised controlled trial. Following 12-weeks of PR, people with COPD were assigned to a six-months personalised community-based physical activity programme (experimental group), or to standard care (control group). Physical activity was assessed via: time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activities per day (primary outcome measure), steps/day and the brief physical activity assessment tool. Secondary outcomes included sedentary behaviour, functional status, peripheral muscle strength, balance, symptoms, emotional state, health-related quality of life, exacerbations and healthcare utilization. Assessments were performed immediately post-PR and after three- and six-months. Efficacy and effectiveness were evaluated using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis with linear mixed models. RESULTS Sixty-one participants (experimental group: n = 32; control group: n = 29), with balanced baseline characteristics between groups (69.6 ± 8.5 years old, 84 % male, FEV1 57.1 ± 16.7 %predicted) were included. Changes in all physical activity outcomes and in one-minute sit-to-stand were significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups at the six-month follow-up. In the remaining outcomes there were no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS The community-based physical activity programme resulted in better physical activity levels and sit-to-stand performance, six-months after completing PR, in COPD. No additional benefits were observed for other secondary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rebelo
- Lab3R - Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro (ESSUA), Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D Brooks
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Cravo
- Pulmonology Service, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M A Mendes
- Lab3R - Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro (ESSUA), Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Pulmonology Service, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A C Oliveira
- Agrupamento dos Centros de Saúde do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A S Rijo
- Agrupamento dos Centros de Saúde do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M J Moura
- Agrupamento dos Centros de Saúde do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Marques
- Lab3R - Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro (ESSUA), Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Martins-Gonçalves R, Campos MM, Palhinha L, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Abud Mendes M, Ramos Temerozo J, Toledo-Mendes J, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Bozza FA, Souza Rodrigues R, Hottz ED, Bozza PT. Persisting Platelet Activation and Hyperactivity in COVID-19 Survivors. Circ Res 2022; 131:944-947. [PMID: 36268747 PMCID: PMC9645447 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Remy Martins-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (R.M.-G., M.C., L.P., I.G.A.-Q., J.R.T., E.D.H., P.T.B.).,Postgraduate Program in Immunology and Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil (R.M.-G., M.C.)
| | - Mariana M. Campos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (R.M.-G., M.C., L.P., I.G.A.-Q., J.R.T., E.D.H., P.T.B.).,Postgraduate Program in Immunology and Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil (R.M.-G., M.C.)
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (R.M.-G., M.C., L.P., I.G.A.-Q., J.R.T., E.D.H., P.T.B.)
| | - Isaclaudia G. Azevedo-Quintanilha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (R.M.-G., M.C., L.P., I.G.A.-Q., J.R.T., E.D.H., P.T.B.)
| | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.A.M., P.H.R.d.C., F.A.B., R.S.R.)
| | - Jairo Ramos Temerozo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (R.M.-G., M.C., L.P., I.G.A.-Q., J.R.T., E.D.H., P.T.B.).,Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil (J.R.T.).,Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (J.R.T.).,National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (J.R.T.)
| | - Júlia Toledo-Mendes
- Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (J.d.T.M., P.H.R.d.C., R.S.R.)
| | - Paulo H. Rosado-de-Castro
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.A.M., P.H.R.d.C., F.A.B., R.S.R.).,Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (J.d.T.M., P.H.R.d.C., R.S.R.)
| | - Fernando A. Bozza
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.A.M., P.H.R.d.C., F.A.B., R.S.R.).,National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (F.A.B.)
| | - Rosana Souza Rodrigues
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.A.M., P.H.R.d.C., F.A.B., R.S.R.).,Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (J.d.T.M., P.H.R.d.C., R.S.R.)
| | - Eugenio D. Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (R.M.-G., M.C., L.P., I.G.A.-Q., J.R.T., E.D.H., P.T.B.).,Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil (E.D.H.)
| | - Patricia T. Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (R.M.-G., M.C., L.P., I.G.A.-Q., J.R.T., E.D.H., P.T.B.)
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3
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Ferreira H, Leal-Calvo T, Mendes MA, Avanzi C, Busso P, Benjak A, Sales AM, Ferreira CP, de Berrêdo-Pinho M, Cole ST, Sarno EN, Moraes MO, Pinheiro RO. Gene expression patterns associated with multidrug therapy in multibacillary leprosy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:917282. [PMID: 35937686 PMCID: PMC9354612 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.917282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug therapy (MDT) has been successfully used in the treatment of leprosy. However, although patients are cured after the completion of MDT, leprosy reactions, permanent disability, and occasional relapse/reinfection are frequently observed in patients. The immune system of multibacillary patients (MB) is not able to mount an effective cellular immune response against M. leprae. Consequently, clearance of bacilli from the body is a slow process and after 12 doses of MDT not all MB patients reduce bacillary index (BI). In this context, we recruited MB patients at the uptake and after 12-month of MDT. Patients were stratified according to the level of reduction of the BI after 12 doses MDT. A reduction of at least one log in BI was necessary to be considered a responder patient. We evaluated the pattern of host gene expression in skin samples with RNA sequencing before and after MDT and between samples from patients with or without one log reduction in BI. Our results demonstrated that after 12 doses of MDT there was a reduction in genes associated with lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and cellular immune response among responders (APOBEC3A, LGALS17A, CXCL13, CXCL9, CALHM6, and IFNG). Also, by comparing MB patients with lower BI reduction versus responder patients, we identified high expression of CDH19, TMPRSS4, PAX3, FA2H, HLA-V, FABP7, and SERPINA11 before MDT. From the most differentially expressed genes, we observed that MDT modulates pathways related to immune response and lipid metabolism in skin cells from MB patients after MDT, with higher expression of genes like CYP11A1, that are associated with cholesterol metabolism in the group with the worst response to treatment. Altogether, the data presented contribute to elucidate gene signatures and identify differentially expressed genes associated with MDT outcomes in MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ferreira
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thyago Leal-Calvo
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Avanzi
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Busso
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Benjak
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Sales
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cássio Porto Ferreira
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia de Berrêdo-Pinho
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stewart Thomas Cole
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Euzenir Nunes Sarno
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Roberta Olmo Pinheiro,
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4
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Rosa TLSA, Mendes MA, Linhares NRC, Rodrigues TF, Dias AA, Leal-Calvo T, Gandini M, Ferreira H, Costa FDMR, Sales AM, Amadeu TP, Schmitz V, Pinheiro RO, Rodrigues LS, Moraes MO, Pessolani MCV. The Type I Interferon Pathway Is Upregulated in the Cutaneous Lesions and Blood of Multibacillary Leprosy Patients With Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:899998. [PMID: 35733868 PMCID: PMC9208291 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.899998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In leprosy patients, acute inflammatory episodes, known as erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), are responsible for high morbidity and tissue damage that occur during the course of Mycobacterium leprae infection. In a previous study, we showed evidence implicating DNA-sensing via TLR9 as an important inflammatory pathway in ENL. A likely important consequence of TLR9 pathway activation is the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), also implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether the IFN-I pathway is activated during ENL. Blood samples and skin lesions from multibacillary patients diagnosed with ENL were collected and the expression of genes of the IFN-I pathway and interferon-stimulated genes were compared with samples collected from non-reactional multibacillary (NR) patients. Whole blood RNAseq analysis suggested higher activation of the IFN-I pathway in ENL patients, confirmed by RT-qPCR. Likewise, significantly higher mRNA levels of IFN-I-related genes were detected in ENL skin biopsies when compared to NR patient lesions. During thalidomide administration, the drug of choice for ENL treatment, a decrease in the mRNA and protein levels of some of these genes both in the skin and blood was observed. Indeed, in vitro assays showed that thalidomide was able to block the secretion of IFN-I by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to M. leprae sonicate or CpG-A, a TLR9 ligand. Finally, the decreased frequencies of peripheral pDCs in ENL patients, along with the higher TLR9 expression in ENL pDCs and the enrichment of CD123+ cells in ENL skin lesions, suggest the involvement of these cells as IFN-I producers in this type of reaction. Taken together, our data point to the involvement of the pDC/type I IFN pathway in the pathogenesis of ENL, opening new avenues in identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis and new therapeutic targets for the better management of this reactional episode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Laboratory of Leprosy, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natasha Ribeiro Cardoso Linhares
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Medical Science Faculty, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernanda Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Alves Dias
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thyago Leal-Calvo
- Laboratory of Leprosy, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gandini
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helen Ferreira
- Laboratory of Leprosy, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Maria Sales
- Laboratory of Leprosy, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís Porto Amadeu
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Medical Science Faculty, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica Schmitz
- Laboratory of Leprosy, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Leprosy, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Medical Science Faculty, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratory of Leprosy, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Vidal Pessolani
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Cristina Vidal Pessolani,
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5
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de Souza BJ, Mendes MA, Sperandio da Silva GM, Sammarco-Rosa P, de Moraes MO, Jardim MR, Sarno EN, Pinheiro RO, Mietto BS. Gene Expression Profile of Mycobacterium leprae Contribution in the Pathology of Leprosy Neuropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:861586. [PMID: 35492305 PMCID: PMC9051340 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.861586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is the main cause of physical disability in leprosy patients. Importantly, the extension and pattern of peripheral damage has been linked to how the host cell will respond against Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) infection, in particular, how the pathogen will establish infection in Schwann cells. Interestingly, viable and dead M. leprae have been linked to neuropathology of leprosy by distinct mechanisms. While viable M. leprae promotes transcriptional modifications that allow the bacteria to survive through the use of the host cell's internal machinery and the subvert of host metabolites, components of the dead bacteria are associated with the generation of a harmful nerve microenvironment. Therefore, understanding the pathognomonic characteristics mediated by viable and dead M. leprae are essential for elucidating leprosy disease and its associated reactional episodes. Moreover, the impact of the viable and dead bacteria in Schwann cells is largely unknown and their gene signature profiling has, as yet, been poorly explored. In this study, we analyzed the early differences in the expression profile of genes involved in peripheral neuropathy, dedifferentiation and plasticity, neural regeneration, and inflammation in human Schwann cells challenged with viable and dead M. leprae. We substantiated our findings by analyzing this genetic profiling in human nerve biopsies of leprosy and non-leprosy patients, with accompanied histopathological analysis. We observed that viable and dead bacteria distinctly modulate Schwann cell genes, with emphasis to viable bacilli upregulating transcripts related to glial cell plasticity, dedifferentiation and anti-inflammatory profile, while dead bacteria affected genes involved in neuropathy and pro-inflammatory response. In addition, dead bacteria also upregulated genes associated with nerve support, which expression profile was similar to those obtained from leprosy nerve biopsies. These findings suggest that early exposure to viable and dead bacteria may provoke Schwann cells to behave differentially, with far-reaching implications for the ongoing neuropathy seen in leprosy patients, where a mixture of active and non-active bacteria are found in the nerve microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Siqueira Mietto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bruno Siqueira Mietto
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Leal-Calvo T, Avanzi C, Mendes MA, Benjak A, Busso P, Pinheiro RO, Sarno EN, Cole ST, Moraes MO. A new paradigm for leprosy diagnosis based on host gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009972. [PMID: 34695167 PMCID: PMC8568100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling is a powerful tool to investigate and detect human diseases. In this study, we used bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare the transcriptomes in skin lesions of leprosy patients or controls affected by other dermal conditions such as granuloma annulare, a confounder for paucibacillary leprosy. We identified five genes capable of accurately distinguishing multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy from other skin conditions. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression alone was highly discriminatory, followed by TLR10, BLK, CD38, and SLAMF7, whereas the HS3ST2 and CD40LG mRNA separated multi- and paucibacillary leprosy. Finally, from the main differentially expressed genes (DEG) and enriched pathways, we conclude that paucibacillary disease is characterized by epithelioid transformation and granuloma formation, with an exacerbated cellular immune response, while multibacillary leprosy features epithelial-mesenchymal transition with phagocytic and lipid biogenesis patterns in the skin. These findings will help catalyze the development of better diagnostic tools and potential host-based therapeutic interventions. Finally, our data may help elucidate host-pathogen interplay driving disease clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago Leal-Calvo
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Avanzi
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrej Benjak
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Busso
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Euzenir Nunes Sarno
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stewart Thomas Cole
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Marinho PS, da Cunha AJLA, Chimelli L, Avvad-Portari E, Andreiuolo FDM, de Oliveira-Szejnfeld PS, Mendes MA, Gomes IC, Souza LRQ, Guimarães MZ, Goldman SM, de Oliveira MBG, Rehen S, Amim J, Tovar-Moll F, Prata-Barbosa A. Case Report: SARS-CoV-2 Mother-to-Child Transmission and Fetal Death Associated With Severe Placental Thromboembolism. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:677001. [PMID: 34485327 PMCID: PMC8415358 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.677001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is not usually associated with significant adverse effects. However, in this study, we report a fetal death associated with mild COVID-19 in a 34-week-pregnant woman. The virus was detected in the placenta and in an unprecedented way in several fetal tissues. Placental abnormalities (MRI and anatomopathological study) were consistent with intense vascular malperfusion, probably the cause of fetal death. Lung histopathology also showed signs of inflammation, which could have been a contributory factor. Monitoring inflammatory response and coagulation in high-risk pregnant women with COVID-19 may prevent unfavorable outcomes, as shown in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha
- Maternity School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Rio de Janeiro State Brain Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elyzabeth Avvad-Portari
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Soares de Oliveira-Szejnfeld
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Diagnostic Imaging Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Stem Cell Laboratory, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ismael Carlos Gomes
- Genetics Department, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Anatomic Pathology Service, Jesus Municipal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Q Souza
- Stem Cell Laboratory, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilia Zaluar Guimarães
- Stem Cell Laboratory, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Phamacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suzan Menasce Goldman
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Stevens Rehen
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Stem Cell Laboratory, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joffre Amim
- Maternity School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Diagnostic Imaging Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa
- Maternity School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Gomes I, Karmirian K, Oliveira JT, Pedrosa CDSG, Mendes MA, Rosman FC, Chimelli L, Rehen S. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the central nervous system in a 14-month-old child: A case report of a complete autopsy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:100046. [PMID: 34485969 PMCID: PMC8397543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurological and other systemic complications occur in adults with severe COVID-19. Here we describe SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by neuroinvasion in the post-mortem tissues of a child. Methods We performed a complete autopsy of a 14-month-old child who died of COVID-19 pneumonitis. Histological sections of multiple organs were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Luxol fast blue staining for myelin and immunohistochemistry were performed in selected areas of the brain. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by immunostaining with anti-spike protein antibody and by RT-qPCR. Findings Lesions included microthrombosis, pulmonary congestion, interstitial oedema, lymphocytic infiltrates, bronchiolar injury, collapsed alveolar spaces, cortical atrophy, and severe neuronal loss. SARS-CoV-2 staining was observed along the apical region of the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium and in ependymal cells of the lateral ventricle, but was restricted to ChP capillaries and vessels in some regions. SARS-CoV-2 infection of brain tissue was confirmed by RT-qPCR in fragments of the ChP, lateral ventricle, and cortex. Interpretation Our results show multisystemic histopathological alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to knowledge regarding the course of fatal COVID-19 in children. Furthermore, our findings of ChP infection and viral neurotropism suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may invade the central nervous system by blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier disruption. Funding Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Supporting Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), in addition to intramural grants from D'Or Institute for Research and Education. Editor's Note This translation in Portuguese was submitted by the authors and we reproduce it as supplied. It has not been peer reviewed. Our editorial processes have only been applied to the original abstract in English, which should serve as reference for this manuscript. Resumo Complicações sistêmicas e neurológicas foram descritas em adultos com COVID-19 grave. Neste trabalho, descrevemos a infecção por SARS-CoV-2, incluindo sua neuroinvasão, nos tecidos post-mortem de uma criança. Métodos Realizamos a autópsia completa de uma criança de 14 meses que morreu de pneumonite por COVID-19. Cortes histológicos de múltiplos órgãos foram corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina. A coloração de Luxol Fast Blue para mielina e imuno-histoquímica foram realizadas em áreas selecionadas do cérebro. A presença de SARS-CoV-2 foi investigada por imunomarcação com anticorpo anti-proteína spike e por RT-qPCR. Achados As lesões incluíram microtrombose, congestão pulmonar, edema intersticial, infiltrados linfocíticos, lesão bronquiolar, colapso dos espaços alveolares, atrofia cortical e perda neuronal grave. A presença de SARS-CoV-2 foi observada ao longo da região apical do epitélio do plexo coróide (PC) e nas células ependimárias do ventrículo lateral, mas ficou restrita aos capilares e vasos do PC em outras regiões. A infecção do tecido cerebral por SARS-CoV-2 foi confirmada por RT-qPCR em fragmentos do PC, ventrículo lateral e cortex cerebral. Interpretação Nossos resultados mostram alterações histopatológicas multissistêmicas causadas pela infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e contribuem para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a evolução da COVID-19 fatal em crianças. Além disso, nossos achados sobre a infecção no PC e neurotropismo viral sugerem que o SARS-CoV-2 pode invadir o sistema nervoso central pela ruptura da barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano. Financiamento Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) e Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), além de financiamento intramural do Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Educação.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Gomes
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Jesus Municipal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karina Karmirian
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlia T Oliveira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Colonna Rosman
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Jesus Municipal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, State Institute of Brain Paulo Niemeyer, Post-Graduate Programs of Pathology and Translational Neuroscience, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stevens Rehen
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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9
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Ferreira H, Mendes MA, de Mattos Barbosa MG, de Oliveira EB, Sales AM, Moraes MO, Sarno EN, Pinheiro RO. Potential Role of CXCL10 in Monitoring Response to Treatment in Leprosy Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662307. [PMID: 34354699 PMCID: PMC8329534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of multibacillary cases of leprosy with multidrug therapy (MDT) comprises 12 doses of a combination of rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine. Previous studies have described the immunological phenotypic pattern in skin lesions in multibacillary patients. Here, we evaluated the effect of MDT on skin cell phenotype and on the Mycobacterium leprae-specific immune response. An analysis of skin cell phenotype demonstrated a significant decrease in MRS1 (SR-A), CXCL10 (IP-10) and IFNG (IFN-γ) gene and protein expression after MDT release. Patients were randomized according to whether they experienced a reduction in bacillary load after MDT. A reduction in CXCL10 (IP-10) in sera was associated with the absence of a reduction in the bacillary load at release. Although IFN-γ production in response to M. leprae was not affected by MDT, CXCL10 (IP-10) levels in response to M. leprae increased in cells from patients who experienced a reduction in bacillary load after treatment. Together, our results suggest that CXCL10 (IP-10) may be a good marker for monitoring treatment efficacy in multibacillary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ferreira
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Sales
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Euzenir Nunes Sarno
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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da Silva PHL, de Castro KKG, Mendes MA, Leal-Calvo T, Leal JMP, Nery JADC, Sarno EN, Lourenço RA, Moraes MO, Lara FA, Esquenazi D. Presence of Senescent and Memory CD8+ Leukocytes as Immunocenescence Markers in Skin Lesions of Elderly Leprosy Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647385. [PMID: 33777045 PMCID: PMC7991105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is an infectious disease that remains endemic in approximately 100 developing countries, where about 200,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. Moreover, multibacillary leprosy, the most contagious form of the disease, has been detected at continuously higher rates among Brazilian elderly people. Due to the so-called immunosenescence, characterized by several alterations in the quality of the immune response during aging, this group is more susceptible to infectious diseases. In view of such data, the purpose of our work was to investigate if age-related alterations in the immune response could influence the pathogenesis of leprosy. As such, we studied 87 individuals, 62 newly diagnosed and untreated leprosy patients distributed according to the age range and to the clinical forms of the disease and 25 healthy volunteers, who were studied as controls. The frequency of senescent and memory CD8+ leukocytes was assessed by immunofluorescence of biopsies from cutaneous lesions, while the serum levels of IgG anti-CMV antibodies were analyzed by chemiluminescence and the gene expression of T cell receptors' inhibitors by RT-qPCR. We noted an accumulation of memory CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as reduced CD8+CD28+ cell expression in skin lesions from elderly patients, when compared to younger people. Alterations in LAG3 and PDCD1 gene expression in cutaneous lesions of young MB patients were also observed, when compared to elderly patients. Such data suggest that the age-related alterations of T lymphocyte subsets can facilitate the onset of leprosy in elderly patients, not to mention other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thyago Leal-Calvo
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Euzenir Nunes Sarno
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Alves Lourenço
- Laboratorio de Envelhecimento Humano, GeronLab, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávio Alves Lara
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danuza Esquenazi
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Disciplina de Patologia Geral, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Finger JAFF, Maffei DF, Dias M, Mendes MA, Pinto UM. Microbiological quality and safety of minimally processed parsley (Petroselinum crispum) sold in food markets, southeastern Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:272-280. [PMID: 33211380 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the microbiological quality and safety of minimally processed parsley sold in southeastern Brazilian food markets. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred samples were submitted to the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae by plating on MacConkey agar. Colonies of Enterobacteriaceae were randomly selected and identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Samples were also tested for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. The mean count of Enterobacteriaceae was 6·0 ± 1·0 log CFU per gram, while 18 genera (including 30 species) of bacteria belonging to this family were identified. Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were not detected, while L. innocua was found in two samples and L. fleischmannii was found in one sample. Moreover generic Escherichia coli was found in three samples, all from different brands of minimally processed parsley. CONCLUSIONS Even though microbial pathogens were not isolated, a variety of indicator micro-organisms were identified, including vegetable spoilers and species capable of causing human opportunistic infections. These results suggest hygienic failures and/or lack of temperature control during processing and storage of these ready-to-eat products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study highlights the need for control measures during the production chain of minimally processed parsley in order to reduce microbial contamination and the risks of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A F F Finger
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D F Maffei
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Dias
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - U M Pinto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Pacheco FS, Prata RBDS, Brandão SS, Ferreira H, Rodrigues TF, Brandão Dos Santos J, da Silva CO, Tavares IF, Mendes MA, Rodrigues ACDP, Machado ADM, Nery JADC, Amadeu TP, Moraes MO, Sarno EN, Schmitz V. Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Neutrophil Subset Expressing IL-10R1 Transmigrates into Skin Lesions and Responds to IL-10. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:47-56. [PMID: 32034084 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an inflammatory complication in leprosy. Yet, the involvement of ENL neutrophils in the inflammatory response against Mycobacterium leprae remains poorly explored. Our primary aim was to investigate the utility of the surface expression of neutrophil IL-10R1 as an ENL biomarker and, secondarily, to evaluate whether leprosy or healthy M. leprae-stimulated neutrophils produce cytokines and are able to respond to IL-10. We, in this study, describe a subpopulation of circulating neutrophils of ENL patients that exclusively expressed IL-10R1, providing evidence that IL-10R1+ neutrophils are present in ENL lesions. It was also found that ENL neutrophils, but not those of nonreactional leprosy controls, were able to secret detectable levels of TNF ex vivo and the addition of IL-10 blocked TNF release. It was likewise observed that M. leprae-stimulated, healthy neutrophils expressed IL-10R1 in vitro, and ENL-linked cytokines were released by M. leprae-cultured neutrophils in vitro. Moreover, consistent with the presence of a fully functional IL-10R, the addition of IL-10 prevented the release of M. leprae-induced cytokines. Most importantly, dead M. leprae revealed its superior capacity to induce CCL4 and IL-8 in primary neutrophils over live Mycobacterium, suggesting that M. leprae may hamper the inflammatory machinery as an immune escape mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Santos Pacheco
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Sheila Santos Brandão
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Helen Ferreira
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Thaís Fernanda Rodrigues
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; and
| | | | - Camila Oliveira da Silva
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; and
| | | | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alice de Miranda Machado
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Porto Amadeu
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Euzenir Nunes Sarno
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Veronica Schmitz
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
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13
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Mendes MA, de Carvalho DS, Amadeu TP, Silva BJDA, Prata RBDS, da Silva CO, Ferreira H, Hacker MDA, Nery JAC, Pinheiro RO, Sampaio EP, Sarno EN, Schmitz V. Elevated Pentraxin-3 Concentrations in Patients With Leprosy: Potential Biomarker of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. J Infect Dis 2019; 216:1635-1643. [PMID: 29272525 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leprosy, the leading infectious cause of disability worldwide, remains a major public health challenge in the most severely affected countries despite the sharp decline in new cases in recent years. The search for biomarkers is essential to achieve a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the disease. Methods Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) analyses of sera from 87 leprosy patients with or without reactions were conducted via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In situ identification of PTX3 in skin lesion was confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays. Results We found that PTX3 serum levels were higher in multibacillary patients when evaluated before the onset of acute erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and persistently elevated during reaction. Thalidomide treatment reduced PTX3 in the serum 7 days after starting treatment. In situ analyses have also demonstrated enhancement of PTX3 in ENL lesions and showed that treatment with thalidomide reduced its expression and the prominent neutrophilic infiltrate, a hallmark of the disease. Conclusions In summary, our study provides in vivo evidence that PTX3 is enhanced during ENL but not in reversal reaction and provides a new molecular target in ENL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Abud Mendes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Serra de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís Porto Amadeu
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rhana Berto da Silva Prata
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helen Ferreira
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Andrea Hacker
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Costa Nery
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Euzenir Nunes Sarno
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica Schmitz
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mendes
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - J D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
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15
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da Silva SG, Evenson KR, da Silva ICM, Mendes MA, Domingues MR, da Silveira MF, Wehrmeister FC, Ekelund U, Hallal PC. Correlates of accelerometer-assessed physical activity in pregnancy-The 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018. [PMID: 29542188 PMCID: PMC6055654 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective methods to measure physical activity (PA) have become available and widely used given the high degree of precision to evaluate PA. However, few studies have used accelerometers to measure PA during pregnancy, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We assessed overall PA, moderate, vigorous, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) objectively measured among pregnant women and their correlates in a population‐based study. PA was assessed for seven consecutive days using a raw triaxial wrist‐worn accelerometer in women interviewed around 16 and 24 weeks of gestation in the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. The average acceleration, which expresses overall PA, was presented in milli‐g (1 mg = 0.001 g), and average time (min/day) spent in MVPA (>100 mg) was also analyzed in 5‐ and 10‐min bouts. Analyses were performed using linear regression. In total, 2317 women were included in the analyses. Overall PA was 27.6 mg. Pregnant women spent on average 14 min/day in MVPA and 0.4 min in vigorous PA. Time spent in MVPA and total PA were inversely associated with years in school and income, and were lower among women receiving advice to not exercise. MVPA was also inversely associated with age, lower among women living with a partner, and higher among non‐white women. The study indicated low levels of PA among pregnant women. The identified correlates may provide a framework to better understand factors influencing PA during pregnancy and thus inform future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - I C M da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M A Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M R Domingues
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M F da Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F C Wehrmeister
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - U Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - P C Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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16
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Schmitz V, Prata RBDS, Barbosa MGDM, Mendes MA, Brandão SS, Amadeu TP, Rodrigues LS, Ferreira H, Costa FDMR, Dos Santos JB, Pacheco FDS, Machado ADM, Nery JADC, Hacker MDA, Sales AM, Pinheiro RO, Sarno EN. Expression of CD64 on Circulating Neutrophils Favoring Systemic Inflammatory Status in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004955. [PMID: 27556927 PMCID: PMC4996526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) is an immune reaction in leprosy that aggravates the patient´s clinical condition. ENL presents systemic symptoms of an acute infectious syndrome with high leukocytosis and intense malaise clinically similar to sepsis. The treatment of ENL patients requires immunosuppression and thus needs to be early and efficient to prevent both disabilities and permanent nerve damage. Some patients experience multiple episodes of ENL and prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs may lead to serious adverse effects. Thalidomide treatment is extremely effective at ameliorating ENL symptoms. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the efficacy of thalidomide in ENL, including the inhibition of TNF production. Given its teratogenicity, thalidomide is prohibitive for women of childbearing age. A rational search for molecular targets during ENL episodes is essential to better understand the disease mechanisms involved, which may also lead to the discovery of new drugs and diagnostic tests. Previous studies have demonstrated that IFN-γ and GM-CSF, involved in the induction of CD64 expression, increase during ENL. The aim of the present study was to investigate CD64 expression during ENL and whether thalidomide treatment modulated its expression. Leprosy patients were allocated to one of five groups: (1) Lepromatous leprosy, (2) Borderline leprosy, (3) Reversal reaction, (4) ENL, and (5) ENL 7 days after thalidomide treatment. The present study demonstrated that CD64 mRNA and protein were expressed in ENL lesions and that thalidomide treatment reduced CD64 expression and neutrophil infiltrates—a hallmark of ENL. We also showed that ENL blood neutrophils exclusively expressed CD64 on the cell surface and that thalidomide diminished overall expression. Patient classification based on clinical symptoms found that severe ENL presented high levels of neutrophil CD64. Collectively, these data revealed that ENL neutrophils express CD64, presumably contributing to the immunopathogenesis of the disease. Leprosy reactions are an acute exacerbation of a patient´s clinical condition. Reactions are classified into type 1 (reversal reaction; RR) and type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum; ENL) according to the etiopathogenesis. Early detection of both types of reactional states is fundamental to treatment management with the most adequate available drugs to ameliorate symptoms and avoid permanent disabilities. The current study investigated whether or not CD64 is expressed during ENL. Analyses of circulating neutrophils revealed that ENL patients expressed higher levels of surface CD64 in comparison to those with nonreactional leprosy and that the severity of ENL was coupled with high levels of CD64 expression. Despite the limited number of patients included in this study, it demonstrated that measurement of neutrophil CD64 expression could be used as a prognostic biomarker of ENL and that quantifying the CD64 response could also help indicate the severity of ENL. Indeed, the methodology adopted found that circulating neutrophil CD64 expression could provide a rapid and non-invasive ENL diagnosis capable of detecting reactions in outpatient clinics as well as leprosy reference centers, leading to more effective therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Schmitz
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Thaís Porto Amadeu
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helen Ferreira
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Maria Sales
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Andrade LM, Mendes MA, Kowalski P, Nascimento CAO. Comparative study of different matrix/solvent systems for the analysis of crude lyophilized microalgal preparations using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2015; 29:295-303. [PMID: 26411627 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Due to increases in greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to explore renewable sources of energy. Interesting alternatives are biofuels derived from microalgae. One challenge is the development of a detailed microalgae database compiling species identifications and characterizations that would facilitate microalgae selection for biomass production. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source is an advanced technique that enables advancement in this biological area. In this work a MALDI time-of-flight (TOF)MS method for the rapid identification of proteins in whole cells of selected microalgae species was studied. Furthermore, the efficiency of different matrix and solvent systems was tested. MS analyses were performed using an UltrafleXtreme MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer operating in linear positive ion mode. METHODS Mass spectra were acquired in a mass range from 4000 to 20,000 Da with ions generated from Smartbeam laser irradiation using a frequency of 2000 Hz, a PIE 100 ns and a lens 7 kV. The voltage was 25 kV for the first ion source and 23 kV for the second. Each spectrum was generated by averaging of 10,000 laser shots and the laser irradiance was set at 95-100%. RESULTS Similar mass spectra were obtained for all matrices (SA, HCCA, DHB and sDHB); however, the use of the sDHB matrix resulted in spectrum profiles with a greater amount number of proteins, a better signal/noise (S/N) ratio and higher intensities for the majority of microalgae analyzed. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) content was also studied and the best results in terms of S/N ratio, number of proteins and signal intensities were obtained with 0.1% TFA in the matrix solvent. The addition of isopropanol did not produce improvement in the quality of spectrum profiles. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the optimal matrix for the analysis of protein from intact microalgae cells is sDHB with TA50 as the matrix solvent and without isopropanol. These conditions allow the acquisition of high quality spectrum profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Andrade
- Chemical Engineering Department of Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 21, térreo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Mendes
- Chemical Engineering Department of Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 21, térreo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P Kowalski
- Bruker Daltonics, 40 Manning Road, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - C A O Nascimento
- Chemical Engineering Department of Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 21, térreo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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18
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Haddad R, Mendes MA, Höehr NF, Eberlin MN. Amino acid quantitation in aqueous matrices via trap and release membrane introduction mass spectrometry: homocysteine in human plasma. Analyst 2001; 126:1212-5. [PMID: 11534582 DOI: 10.1039/b104038n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trap and release membrane introduction mass spectrometry (T&R-MIMS) using a removable direct insertion membrane probe (DIMP) is employed to determine the total homocysteine concentration (tHcy) directly from human plasma after derivatization with ethyl chloroformate. The method uses no chromatographic separation, is linear, reproducible, and displays limit of quantitation (2 pM) sufficiently below the threshold concentration of tHcy in plasma. It also combines chemical, membrane, and mass spectrometric discrimination, and can be used to determine selected amino acids in human plasma simultaneously. After derivatization with ethyl chloroformate, many amino acids in aqueous solution are observed to be efficiently detected; hence T&R-MIMS is promising as a simple and sensitive technique for simultaneous quantitation of selected amino acids in plasma and urine, and in other aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haddad
- Medical Science Faculty, State University of Campinas--UNICAMP, SP, Brazil
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19
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Abstract
Primary carboxonium (H2C=O+-R) and carbosulfonium (H2C=S+-R) ions (R = CH3, C2H5, Ph) and the prototype five-membered cyclic carboxonium ion are found to react in the gas phase with cyclic acetals and ketals by transacetalization to form the respective O-alkyl-1,3-dioxolanium and S-alkyl-1,3-oxathiolanium ions. The reaction, which competes mainly with proton transfer and hydride abstraction, initiates by O-alkylation and proceeds by ring opening and recyclization via intramolecular displacement of the carbonyl compound previously protected in its ketal form. As indicated by product ion mass spectra, and confirmed by competitive reactions, carbosulfonium ions are, by transacetalization, much more reactive than carboxonium ions. For acyclic secondary and tertiary carboxonium ions bearing acidic alpha-hydrogens, little or no transacetalization occurs and proton transfer dominates. This structurally related reactivity distinguishes primary from both secondary and tertiary ions, as exemplified for the two structural isomers H2C=O+-C2H5 and CH3C(H)=O+-CH3. The prototype five- and six-membered cyclic carboxonium ions react mainly by proton transfer and adduct formation, but the five-membered ring ion also reacts by transacetalization to a medium extent. Upon CID, the transacetalization products of the primary ions often dissociate by loss of formaldehyde, and a +44 u neutral gain/-30 u neutral loss MS3 scan is shown to efficiently detect reactive carboxonium and carbosulfonium ions. Transacetalization with either carboxonium or carbosulfonium ions provides a route to 1,3-oxathiolanes and analogs alkylated selectively either at the sulfur or oxygen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Moraes
- State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
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20
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Abstract
A novel gas-phase reaction of diacylium ions of the O=C=X(+)=C=O type (X = N, CH) is reported: double transacetalization with cyclic acetals or ketals. The reaction is exothermic and highly efficient, and forms members of a new class of highly charged-delocalized ions: cyclic ionic diketals. Pentaquadrupole double- and triple-stage mass spectrometric (MS(2) and MS(3)) experiments reveal the high double transacetalization reactivity of O=C=N(+)=C=O and O=C=CH(+)=C=O, whereas the synthesis of differently substituted cyclic ionic diketals is performed in MS(3) experiments via sequential mono- and double transacetalization of O=C=N(+)=C=O and O=C=CH(+)=C=O with different acetals. With cyclic acetals, the acylium-thioacylium ion O=C=N(+)=C=S reacts promptly and selectively by mono-transacetalization at its acylium site, but the free thiacylium site of its cyclic ionic ketal is nearly unreactive by double transacetalization. Therefore, only the acylium site of O=C=N(+)=C=S can be efficiently protected by transacetalization. Low-energy MS(3) collision-induced dissociation of the cyclic ionic diketals of O=C=N(+)=C=O and O=C=CH(+)=C=O sequentially frees each of the protected acylium site to form the mono-derivatized ion, and then the fully deprotected diacylium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sparrapan
- State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Institute of Chemistry, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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21
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Sparrapan R, Mendes MA, Carvalho M, Eberlin MN. Formal fusion of a pyrrole ring onto 2-pyridyl and 2-pyrimidyl cations: one-step gas-phase synthesis of indolizine and its derivatives. Chemistry 2000; 6:321-6. [PMID: 11931112 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(20000117)6:2<321::aid-chem321>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two ortho-hetarynium ions, the 2-pyridyl and 2-pyrimidyl cations, react promptly with 1,3-dienes in the gas phase by annulation, formally by fusion, onto the ions of a pyrrole ring. This novel reaction proceeds through an initial polar [4 + 2+] cycloaddition across the C[triple bond]N+ bond, followed by fast ring opening, a [1,4-H] shift, and finally a recyclization that results in a contraction of a six- to a five-membered ring and dissociation by the loss of a methyl radical. For the 2-pyridyl cation, this reaction yields ionized indolizines (pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyridines), while for the 2-pyrimidyl cation, it gives ionized pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidines. The annulation reaction, performed in the rf-only collision quadrupole of a pentaquadrupole (QqQqQ) mass spectrometer, occurs readily with both 1,3-butadiene and isoprene, and is thermodynamically and kinetically favored as predicted by ab initio calculations. Ortho-hetarynium ions and 1,3-dienes provide, therefore, the two building blocks for the efficient one-step gas-phase synthesis of ionized bicyclic pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyridine (indolizine) and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine, as well as their analogues and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sparrapan
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
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22
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Lauritsen FR, Mendes MA, Aggerholm T. Direct detection of large fat-soluble biomolecules in solution using membrane inlet mass spectrometry and desorption chemical ionization. Analyst 2000; 125:211-5. [PMID: 10885076 DOI: 10.1039/a906574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the first membrane inlet mass spectrometry system capable of detecting large biomolecules, such as testosterone (M(r) 288), testosterone acetate (M(r) 330) and alpha-tocopherol (M(r) 430, vitamin E). The result was obtained using a home-made chemical ionization ion source with a thermostated tubular silicone membrane mounted right in the centre of a methane CI plasma. The liquid sample was flushed through the inside of the membrane for a period of 20-25 min, where the analyte diffused into the membrane. Following this trapping period the analyte was released from the membrane into the mass spectrometer by the combined action of heat radiation from the filament and charge transfer from the chemical ionization plasma. As a result of this stimulated desorption a good desorption peak was obtained as the analyte vaporized out of the membrane. Retinol (M(r) 286, vitamin A), cholecalciferol (M(r) 384, vitamin D3) and cholesterol (M(r) 386) were also detected. However, these compounds (all containing a long hydrocarbon chain and being aliphatic alcohols) did not give a protonated molecule. They gave a series of cluster ions with the dominant located 20 mass units below the molecular ion. The detection limits of the new desorption chemical ionization MIMS technique were at low or sub-micromolar concentrations (high ppb levels) and the reproducibility was within 20%, when the area of the desorption peak was used for quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Lauritsen
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Southern Denmark-Odense University, Denmark.
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