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Zheng W, Bian S, Qiu S, Bishop CE, Wan M, Xu N, Sun X, Sequeira RC, Atala A, Gu Z, Zhao W. Placenta mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate liver fibrosis by inactivating hepatic stellate cells through a miR-378c/SKP2 axis. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:47. [PMID: 37798761 PMCID: PMC10557276 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of extracellular vesicles from placenta-derived MSCs (Pd-MSCs-EVs) on liver fibrosis at 3D/2D levels and explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS The multicellular liver organoids, consisting of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, were observed for growth status, morphological changes, and metabolism. Human transformation growth factor- beta 1 (TGF-β1) was used to induce fibrosis at optimal concentration. The anti-fibrosis effects of Pd-MSCs-EVs were evaluated in liver organoids and HSCs models. Anti-fibrotic content of Pd-MSCs-EVs was identified by multiple experimental validations. RESULTS TGF-β1 induced fibrosis in liver organoids, while Pd-MSCs-EVs significantly alleviated fibrotic phenotypes. Following serial verifications, miR-378c was identified as a potential key anti-fibrosis content. In contrast, miR-378c depletion decreased the anti-fibrotic effects of Pd-MSCs-EVs. Additionally, Pd-MSCs-EVs administration repressed TGF-β1-mediated HSCs activation at 2D or 3D levels. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-378c inactivated HSCs by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through stabilizing E-cadherin via targeting its E3 ubiquitin ligase S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein 2 (SKP2). CONCLUSION Pd-MSCs-EVs ameliorated TGF-β1-induced fibrosis by deactivating HSCs in a miR-378c/SKP2-dependent manner, which may be an efficient therapeutic candidate for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Saiyan Bian
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Colin E Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Meimei Wan
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xieyin Sun
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Russel Clive Sequeira
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Ge F, Wan M, Cheng Z, Chen X, Chen Q, Qi Z. [Aloin inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by suppressing the STAT3/HMGB1 signaling pathway]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2023; 43:702-709. [PMID: 37313810 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.05.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of aloin on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. METHODS Human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells treated with 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL aloin were examined for changes in cell viability, proliferation and migration abilities using CCK-8, EdU and Transwell assays. HMGB1 mRNA level in the cells was detected with RT-qPCR, and the protein expressions of HMGB1, cyclin B1, cyclin E1, E-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and p-STAT3 were determined using Western blotting. JASPAR database was used to predict the binding of STAT3 to HMGB1 promoter. In a BALB/c-Nu mouse model bearing subcutaneous MGC-803 cell xenograft, the effect of intraperitoneal injection of aloin (50 mg/kg) on tumor growth was observed. The protein expressions of HMGB1, cyclin B1, cyclin E1, E-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and p-STAT3 in the tumor tissue was examined using Western blotting, and tumor metastasis in the liver and lung tissues was detected using HE staining. RESULTS Treatment with aloin concentration-dependently inhibited the viability of MGC-803 cells (P < 0.05), significantly reduced the number of EdU-positive cells (P < 0.01), and attenuated the migration ability of the cells (P < 0.01). Aloin treatment dose-dependently down-regulated HMGB1 mRNA expression (P < 0.01), lowered the protein expressions of HMGB1, cyclin B1, cyclin E1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and p-STAT3, and up-regulated E-cadherin expression in MGC-803 cells. Prediction based on JASPAR database suggested that STAT3 could bind to the promoter region of HMGB1. In the tumor-bearing mice, aloin treatment significantly reduced the tumor size and weight (P < 0.01), lowered the protein expressions of cyclin B1, cyclin E1, MMP-2, MMP-9, HMGB1 and p-STAT3 and increased the expression of E-cadherin in the tumor tissue (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Aloin attenuates the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the STAT3/HMGB1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - M Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Z Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Z Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Butson C, Kingon A, Quinn C, Ratsch A, Wan M. The dilemma of Pituri-further information for oral disease clinicians. Aust Dent J 2023; 68:70-71. [PMID: 36504409 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Butson
- Flynn Drive Dental Centre, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - A Kingon
- Flynn Drive Dental Centre, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - C Quinn
- Flynn Drive Dental Centre, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - A Ratsch
- Research Services, Wide Bay Hospital and Health Service, Hervey Bay Hospital, Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Wan
- Flynn Drive Dental Centre, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
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Wan M, Li YT, Zheng LW, Zhou XD. [Epigenetic regulation mechanism: roles in enamel formation and developmental defects of enamel]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 58:68-74. [PMID: 36642455 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20221019-00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Enamel formation is a series of complex physiological processes, which are regulated by critical genes spatially and temporally. These processes involve multiple developmental stages covering ages and are prone to suffer signal interference or gene mutations, ultimately leading to developmental defects of enamel (DDE). Epigenetic modifications have important regulatory roles in gene expression during enarnel development. New technologies including high-throughput sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and DNA methylation chip are emerging in recent years, making it possible to establish genome-wide epigenetic modification profiles during developmental processes. The regulatory role of epigenetic modification with spatio-temporal pattern, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA, has significantly expanded our understanding of the regulatory network of enamel formation, providing a new theoretical basis of clinical management and intervention strategy for DDE. The present review briefly describes the enamel formation process of human beings' teeth as well as rodent incisors and summarizes the dynamic characteristics of epigenetic modification during enamel formation. The functions of epigenetic modification in enamel formation and DDE are also emphatically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wan
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y T Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L W Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X D Zhou
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
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Ma CD, Van Horn CG, Wan M, Bishop C, Bonkovsky HL. Assessment of porphyrogenicity of drugs and chemicals in selected hepatic cell culture models through a fluorescence-based screening assay. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00951. [PMID: 35445802 PMCID: PMC9022196 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds that induce 5-aminolevulinic acid [ALA] synthase-1 and/or cytochromes P-450 may induce acute porphyric attacks in patients with the acute hepatic porphyrias [AHPs]. Currently, there is no simple, robust model used to assess and predict the porphyrogenicity of drugs and chemicals. Our aim was to develop a fluorescence-based in vitro assay for this purpose. We studied four different hepatic cell culture models: HepG2 cells, LMH cells, 3D HepG2 organoids, and 3D organoids of primary liver cells from people without known disease [normal human controls]. We took advantage of the fluorescent properties of protoporphyrin IX [PP], the last intermediate of the heme biosynthesis pathway, performing fluorescence spectrometry to measure the intensity of fluorescence emitted by these cells treated with selected compounds of importance to patients with AHPs. Among the four cell culture models, the LMH cells produced the highest fluorescence readings, suggesting that these cells retain more robust heme biosynthesis enzymes or that the other cell models may have lost their inducibility of ALA synthase-1 [ALAS-1]. Allyl isopropyl acetamide [AIA], a known potent porphyrogen and inducer of ALAS-1, was used as a positive control to help predict porphyrogenicity for tested compounds. Among the tested compounds (acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, β-estradiol, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, alpha-methyldopa, D (-) norgestrel, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sodium valproate, and valsartan), concentrations greater than 0.314 mM for norgestrel, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and sodium valproate produced fluorescence readings higher than the reading produced by the positive AIA control. Porphyrin accumulation was also measured by HPLC to confirm the validity of the assay. We conclude that LMH cell cultures in multi-well plates are an inexpensive, robust, and simple system to predict the porphyrogenicity of existing or novel compounds that may exacerbate the AHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia G Van Horn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meimei Wan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Colin Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Herbert L Bonkovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Wan M, Yan L, Xu Z, Hou Z, Kang K, Cui R, Yu Y, Song J, Hui F, Wang Y, Miao Z, Lou X, Ma N. Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Chronic Carotid Artery Occlusion on High-Resolution MR Vessel Wall Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:110-116. [PMID: 34857516 PMCID: PMC8757554 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic carotid artery occlusion remains a poorly understood risk factor for subsequent stroke, and potential revascularization is dependent on understanding the anatomy and nature of the occlusion. Luminal imaging cannot assess the nature of an occlusion, so the internal structure of the occlusion must be inferred. The present study examines the signal characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid occlusion that may point to management differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively recruited patients who were diagnosed with chronic carotid artery occlusion defined as longer than 4 weeks and confirmed by DSA. All patients underwent high-resolution MR vessel wall imaging examinations after enrollment. Baseline characteristics, vessel wall imaging features, and DSA features were collected and evaluated. The vessel wall imaging features included segment involvement, signal intensity, contrast enhancement, and vessel wall thickness. The symptomatic and asymptomatic chronic carotid artery occlusions were compared. RESULTS A total of 44 patients with 48 lesions were included in this study from February 2020 to December 2020. Of the 48 lesions, 35 (72.9%) were symptomatic and 13 (27.1%) were asymptomatic. There was no difference in baseline and DSA features. On vessel wall imaging, C1 and C2 were the most commonly involved segments (91.7% and 68.8%, respectively). Compared with symptomatic lesions, asymptomatic lesions were more often isointense (69.2%) in the distal segment (P = .03). Both groups had diffuse wall thickening (80% and 100%). CONCLUSIONS Signal characteristics between those with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery occlusions differ in a statistically significant fashion, indicating a different structure of the occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wan
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Z.M., N.M.),China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China,Department of Neurology (M.W.), Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L. Yan
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Z.M., N.M.),China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China
| | - Z. Xu
- Department of Neurology (Z.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z. Hou
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Z.M., N.M.),China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China
| | - K. Kang
- Neurology (K.K., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China
| | - R. Cui
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Z.M., N.M.),China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China
| | - Y. Yu
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Z.M., N.M.),China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China
| | - J. Song
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Z.M., N.M.),China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China
| | - F.K. Hui
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (F.K.H.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Y. Wang
- Neurology (K.K., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China
| | - Z. Miao
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Z.M., N.M.),China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China
| | - X. Lou
- Department of Radiology (X.L.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - N. Ma
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Z.M., N.M.),China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (M.W., L.Y., Z.H., K.K., R.C., Y.Y., J.S., Y.W., Z.M., N.M.), Beijing, China
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Yu M, Li R, Wan M, Chen J, Shen X, Li G, Ge M, Zhang R. MDA5 attenuate autophagy in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with IBDV. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:154-163. [PMID: 34406094 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1969643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The role of melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) in infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-induced autophagy was studied in chicken embryos.2. Chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were used as the research model and small interfering RNA (siRNA), western blot, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect autophagy, IBDV replication, CEF damage, and activation of both MDA5 and its signalling pathway.3. The results showed that CEF infected with IBDV activated the intracellular MDA5 signalling pathway and caused autophagy via inactivation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. While autophagy promotes IBDV proliferation, MDA5 weakens IBDV-induced CEF autophagy thus inhibiting IBDV replication and protecting CEF cells.4. The results indicated that chMDA5 can be activated by IBDV and attenuate CEF autophagy caused by IBDV infection, thereby inhibiting IBDV replication. This study provided a foundation for further exploring the relationship between viruses, autophagy and the pathogenic mechanism of the MDA5 pathway involved in IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - R Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - M Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - J Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - X Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - G Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - M Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - R Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Wan M, Zhao D, Zheng B, Xiao S, Sun Y, Wang W. PO-0958 Comparison of CCRT and RT alone after Induction Chemotherapy for Hypopharyngeal Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wan M, Zhao D, Zheng B, Xiao S, Sun Y. PO-0993 Malnutrition by GLIM criteria is a risk factor for survival of NPC patients undergoing radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu B, Gao T, Wu HY, Wan M. Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 knockdown inhibits retinoblastoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021; 35:209-214. [PMID: 33480220 DOI: 10.23812/20-594-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - T Gao
- Department of Obstetricsn (III), Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - H Y Wu
- Department of Hematology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - M Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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Li H, Cui D, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Gan L, Liu Y, Pan Y, Zhou X, Wan M. Bisphenol A Exposure Disrupts Enamel Formation via EZH2-Mediated H3K27me3. J Dent Res 2021; 100:847-857. [PMID: 33655795 DOI: 10.1177/0022034521995798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel formation is a serial and complex biological process, during which related genes are expressed progressively in a spatiotemporal manner. This process is vulnerable to environmental cues, resulting in developmental defects of enamel (DDE). However, how environmental factors are biologically integrated during enamel formation is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanism of DDE elicited by a model endocrine-disrupting chemical, bisphenol A (BPA), in mouse incisors. We show that BPA exposure leads to DDE in mouse incisors, as well as excessive proliferation in dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and immunofluorescence staining revealed that this effect was accompanied by upregulation of a repressive mark, H3K27me3, in the labial cervical loop of mouse incisors. Perturbation of H3K27me3 methyltransferase EZH2 repressed the level of H3K27me3 and partially attenuated the excessive proliferation in dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells and DDE induced by BPA exposure. Overall, our results demonstrate the essential role of repressive histone modification H3K27me3 in DDE elicited by exposure to an endocrine-disrupting chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ding B, Sun G, Liu S, Peng E, Wan M, Chen L, Jackson J, Atala A. Three-Dimensional Renal Organoids from Whole Kidney Cells: Generation, Optimization, and Potential Application in Nephrotoxicology In Vitro. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689719897066. [PMID: 32166969 PMCID: PMC7504083 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719897066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney function of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is impaired
irreversibly. Organ transplantation is the only treatment to restore kidney function in
CKD patients. The assessment of new potential therapeutic procedures relies heavily on
experimental animal models, but it is limited by its human predictive capacity. In
addition, the frequently used two-dimensional in vitro human renal cell
models cannot replicate all the features of the in vivo situation. In this study, we
developed a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro human renal organoid model
from whole kidney cells as a promising drug screening tool. At present, the renal tissue
generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) exhibits intrinsic tumorigenicity
properties. Here we first developed a 3D renal organoid culture system that originated
from adult differentiated cells without gene modification. Renal organoids composed of
multiple cell types were created under optimal experimental conditions and evaluated for
morphology, viability and erythropoietin production. As a novel screening tool for renal
toxicity, 3D organoids were exposed to three widely used drugs: aspirin, penicillin G and
cisplatin. The study results showed this 3D renal organoid model can be used as a drug
screening tool, a new in vitro 3D human kidney model, and provide hope
for potential regenerative therapies for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Ding
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China.,Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, HLJ, China
| | - Guoliang Sun
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China
| | - Ejun Peng
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China
| | - Meimei Wan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Lu Z, Priya Rajan SA, Song Q, Zhao Y, Wan M, Aleman J, Skardal A, Bishop C, Atala A, Lu B. 3D scaffold-free microlivers with drug metabolic function generated by lineage-reprogrammed hepatocytes from human fibroblasts. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120668. [PMID: 33461059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Generating microliver tissues to recapitulate hepatic function is of increasing importance in tissue engineering and drug screening. But the limited availability of primary hepatocytes and the marked loss of phenotype hinders their application. Human induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) generated by direct reprogramming can address the shortage of primary hepatocytes to make personalized drug prediction possible. Here, we simplify preparation of reprogramming reagents by expressing six transcriptional factors (HNF4A, FOXA2, FOXA3, ATF5, PROX1, and HNF1) from two lentiviral vectors, each expressing three factors. Transducing human fetal and adult fibroblasts with low vector dosage generated human induced hepatocyte-like cells (hiHeps) displaying characteristics of mature hepatocytes and capable of drug metabolism. To mimic the physiologic liver microenvironment and improve hepatocyte function, we prepared 3D scaffold-free microliver spheroids using hiHeps and human liver nonparenchymal cells through self-assembly without exogenous scaffolds. We then introduced the microliver spheroids into a two-organ microfluidic system to examine interactions between hepatocytes and tumor cells. The hiHeps-derived spheroids metabolized the prodrug capecitabine into the active metabolite 5-fluorouracil and induced toxicity in downstream tumor spheroids. Our results demonstrate that hiHeps can be used to make microliver spheroids and combined with a microfluidic system for drug evaluation. Our work could make it possible to use patient-specific hepatocyte-like cells to predict drug efficacy and side effects in various organs from the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyan Lu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shiny Amala Priya Rajan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Jiangsu Healthy Life Innovation Medical Technology Co, Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meimei Wan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Julio Aleman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colin Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Baisong Lu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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14
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Sun G, Ding B, Wan M, Chen L, Jackson J, Atala A. Formation and optimization of three-dimensional organoids generated from urine-derived stem cells for renal function in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:309. [PMID: 32698872 PMCID: PMC7374873 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Organoids play an important role in basic research, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Here, we aimed to develop a novel kind of three-dimensional (3D) organoids generated from urine-derived stem cells (USCs) and to explore whether kidney-specific extracellular matrix (kECM) could enable such organoids for renal function in vitro. Methods USCs were isolated from human urine samples and cultured with kECM extraction to generate 3D organoids in vitro. Eight densities from 1000 to 8000 cells per organoids were prepared, and both ATP assay and Live/Dead staining were used to determine the optimal USC density in forming organoids and kECM additive concentration. The morphology and histology of as-made organoids were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H.E.) staining, immunofluorescence staining and whole mount staining. Additionally, RT-qPCR was implemented to detect renal-related gene expression. Drug toxicity test was conducted to evaluate the potential application for drug screening. The renal organoids generated from whole adult kidney cells were used as a positive control in multiple assessments. Results The optimized cell density to generate ideal USC-derived organoids (USC-organoids) was 5000 cells/well, which was set as applying density in the following experiments. Besides, the optimal concentration of kECM was revealed to be 10%. On this condition, Live/Dead staining showed that USC-organoids were well self-organized without significant cell death. Moreover, H.E. staining showed that compact and viable organoids were generated without obvious necrosis inside organoids, which were very close to renal organoids morphologically. Furthermore, specific proximal tubule marker Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), kidney endocrine product erythropoietin (EPO), kidney glomerular markers Podocin and Synaptopodin were detected positively in USC-organoids with kECM. Nephrotoxicity testing showed that aspirin, penicillin G, and cisplatin could exert drug-induced toxicity on USC-organoids with kECM. Conclusions USC-organoids could be developed from USCs via an optimal procedure. Combining culture with kECM, USC-organoid properties including morphology, histology, and specific gene expression were identified to be similar with real renal organoids. Additionally, USC-organoids posed kECM in vitro showed the potential to be a drug screening tool which might take the place of renal organoids to some extent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, 430030, HB, China
| | - Beichen Ding
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, HLJ, China
| | - Meimei Wan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, 430030, HB, China. .,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| | - John Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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15
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Cao ZZ, Xu JW, Gao M, Li XS, Zhai YJ, Yu K, Wan M, Luan XH. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonellaisolates from goose farms in Northeast China. Iran J Vet Res 2020; 21:287-293. [PMID: 33584841 PMCID: PMC7871741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is one of the most important enteric pathogenic bacteria that threatened poultry health. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in goose farms. METHODS A total of 244 cloacal swabs were collected from goose farms to detect Salmonella in Northeast China. Antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance gene distribution of Salmonella isolates were investigated. RESULTS Twenty-one Salmonella isolates were identified. Overall prevalence of Salmonella in the present study was 8.6%. Among the Salmonella isolates, the highest resistance frequencies belonged to amoxicillin (AMX) (85.7%), tetracycline (TET) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (81%), followed by chloramphenicol (CHL) (76.2%), florfenicol (FLO) (71.4%), kanamycin (KAN) (47.6%), and gentamycin (GEN) (38.1%). Meanwhile, only 4.8% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and cefotaxime (CTX). None of the isolates was resistant to cefoperazone (CFP) and colistin B (CLB). Twenty isolates (95%) were simultaneously resistant to at least two antimicrobials. Ten resistance genes were detected among which the bla TEM-1, cmlA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, sul1, sul2, sul3, and mcr-1.1 were the most prevalent, and presented in all 21 isolates followed by tetB (20/21), qnrB (19/21), and floR (15/21). CONCLUSION Results indicated that Salmonella isolates from goose farms in Northeast China exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR), harboring multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Our results will be useful to design prevention and therapeutic strategies against Salmonella infection in goose farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Z. Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - J. W. Xu
- MSc Student in Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - M. Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - X. S. Li
- MSc Student in Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Y. J. Zhai
- MSc Student in Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - K. Yu
- MSc Student in Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - M. Wan
- MSc Student in Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - X. H. Luan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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16
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Liu Z, Wan M, Zhu H. Fallopian tube ectopic pregnancy with renal duct cyst. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2019. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog4836.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Irvine A, Jones A, Beattie P, Baron S, Browne F, Ashoor F, O'Neill L, Rosala-Hallas A, Sach T, Spowart C, Taams L, Walker C, Wan M, Webb N, Williamson P, Flohr C. The TREatment of severe Atopic eczema Trial (TREAT). Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Irvine AD, Jones AP, Beattie P, Baron S, Browne F, Ashoor F, O'Neill L, Rosala-Hallas A, Sach T, Spowart C, Taams L, Walker C, Wan M, Webb N, Williamson P, Flohr C. A randomized controlled trial protocol assessing the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of methotrexate vs. ciclosporin in the treatment of severe atopic eczema in children: the TREatment of severe Atopic eczema Trial (TREAT). Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1297-1306. [PMID: 29727479 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral systemic immunomodulatory medication is regularly used off-licence in children with severe atopic eczema. However, there is no firm evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness and impact on quality of life from an adequately powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) using systemic medication in children. OBJECTIVES To assess whether there is a difference in the speed of onset, effectiveness, side-effect profile and reduction in flares post-treatment between ciclosporin (CyA) and methotrexate (MTX), and also the cost-effectiveness of the drugs. Treatment impact on quality of life will also be examined in addition to whether FLG genotype influences treatment response. In addition, the trial studies the immune-metabolic effects of CyA and MTX. METHODS Multicentre, parallel group, assessor-blind, pragmatic RCT of 36 weeks' duration with a 24-week follow-up period. In total, 102 children aged 2-16 years with moderate-to-severe atopic eczema, unresponsive to topical treatment will be randomized (1 : 1) to receive MTX (0·4 mg kg-1 per week) or CyA (4 mg kg-1 per day). RESULTS The trial has two primary outcomes: change from baseline to 12 weeks in Objective Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (o-SCORAD) and time to first significant flare following treatment cessation. CONCLUSIONS This trial addresses important therapeutic questions, highlighted in systematic reviews and treatment guidelines for atopic eczema. The trial design is pragmatic to reflect current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Irvine
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Dermatology, Our Lady's Children Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A P Jones
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - P Beattie
- Royal Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Glasgow, U.K
| | - S Baron
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K
| | - F Browne
- Paediatric Dermatology, Our Lady's Children Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Ashoor
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - L O'Neill
- Biochemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Rosala-Hallas
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - T Sach
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K
| | - C Spowart
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - L Taams
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - C Walker
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K
| | - M Wan
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K
| | - N Webb
- Renal Research Laboratories, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, U.K
| | - P Williamson
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - C Flohr
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K
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- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K
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Sendi H, Mead I, Wan M, Mehrab-Mohseni M, Koch K, Atala A, Bonkovsky HL, Bishop CE. miR-122 inhibition in a human liver organoid model leads to liver inflammation, necrosis, steatofibrosis and dysregulated insulin signaling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200847. [PMID: 30024933 PMCID: PMC6053181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of miR-122 in the development and regression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vitro, we used multicellular 3D human liver organoids developed in our laboratory. These organoids consist of primary human hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, quiescent stellate cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. They remain viable and functional for 4 weeks expressing typical markers of liver function such as synthesis of albumin, urea, and alpha-1 p450 drug metabolism. Before mixing, hepatic cells were transduced with lentivirus to inhibit miR122 expression (ABM, CA). Immediately after the organoids were fully formed (day 4) or after 1 or 2 weeks of additional incubation (days 11 or 18), the organoids were analyzed using fluorescent live/dead staining and ATP production; total RNA was extracted for qPCR gene expression profiling. Our results show that miR-122 inhibition in liver organoids leads to inflammation, necrosis, steatosis and fibrosis. This was associated with increase in inflammatory cytokines (IL6, TNF), chemokines (CCL2, CCL3) and increase in a subset of Matrix Metaloproteinases (MMP8, MMP9). An altered expression of key genes in lipid metabolism (i.e LPL, LDLR) and insulin signaling (i.e GLUT4, IRS1) was also identified. Conclusion: Our results highlight the role of miR-122 inhibition in liver inflammation, steatofibrosis and dysregulation of insulin signaling. Patients with NAFLD are known to have altered levels of miR-122, therefore we suggest that miR-122 mimics could play a useful role in reversing liver steatofibrosis and insulin resistance seen in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sendi
- The Laboratory for Liver Diseases and Metabolic Disorders, Section on Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivy Mead
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Meimei Wan
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Marjan Mehrab-Mohseni
- The Laboratory for Liver Diseases and Metabolic Disorders, Section on Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Koch
- The Laboratory for Liver Diseases and Metabolic Disorders, Section on Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Herbert L. Bonkovsky
- The Laboratory for Liver Diseases and Metabolic Disorders, Section on Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Colin E. Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
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20
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Liang X, Xie Q, Tan D, Ning Q, Niu J, Bai X, Chen S, Cheng J, Yu Y, Wang H, Xu M, Shi G, Wan M, Chen X, Tang H, Sheng J, Dou X, Shi J, Ren H, Wang M, Zhang H, Gao Z, Chen C, Ma H, Chen Y, Fan R, Sun J, Jia J, Hou J. Interpretation of liver stiffness measurement-based approach for the monitoring of hepatitis B patients with antiviral therapy: A 2-year prospective study. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:296-305. [PMID: 29080299 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver biopsy is not routinely performed in treated chronic hepatitis B. Liver stiffness measurement has been validated for noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment in pretreatment chronic hepatitis B but has not been assessed for fibrosis monitoring during antiviral therapy. Liver stiffness was systemically monitored by Fibroscan® every 6 months in a cohort of patients with hepatitis B receiving antiviral therapy and compared with liver biopsies at baseline and week 104. A total of 534 hepatitis B e antigen-positive treatment-naive patients receiving telbivudine-based therapy with qualified liver stiffness measurement at baseline and week 104 were analyzed, 164 of which had adequate paired liver biopsies. Liver stiffness decreased rapidly (-2.2 kPa/24 weeks) in parallel with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 8.6 (2.6-49.5) kPa at baseline to 6.1 (2.2-37.4) kPa at week 24. Interestingly, liver stiffness decreased slowly (-0.3 kPa/24 weeks) but continually from week 24 to week 104 (6.1 vs 5.3 kPa, P < .001) while ALT levels remained stable within the normal range. More importantly, liver stiffness declined significantly irrespective of baseline ALT levels and liver necroinflammation grades. From baseline to week 104, the proportion of patients with no or mild fibrosis (Ishak, 0-2) increased from 74.4% (122/164) to 93.9% (154/164). Multivariate analysis revealed that percentage decline of 52-week liver stiffness from baseline was independently associated with 104-week liver fibrosis regression (odds ratio, 3.742; P = .016). Early decline of 52-week liver stiffness from baseline may reflect the remission of both liver inflammation and fibrosis and was predictive of 104-week fibrosis regression in treated patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - D Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Q Ning
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Bai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - S Chen
- Ji'nan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - J Cheng
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H Wang
- Hepatology Unit, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - M Xu
- 8th People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - X Chen
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - J Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - J Shi
- 6th People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - H Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 81st PLA Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - H Zhang
- 302nd PLA Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Z Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 85th PLA Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - H Ma
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Liver Fibrosis, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - J Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Liver Fibrosis, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Wang J, Zhang X, Shi J, Cao P, Wan M, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Kridel SJ, Liu W, Xu J, Zhang Q, Sui G. Fatty acid synthase is a primary target of MiR-15a and MiR-16-1 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78566-78576. [PMID: 27713175 PMCID: PMC5346660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is upregulated in breast cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. FASN contributes to mammary oncogenesis and serves as a bona fide target in cancer therapies. MicroRNAs inhibit gene expression through blocking mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation by targeting their 3'-UTRs. We identified four microRNAs in two microRNA clusters miR-15a-16-1 and miR-497-195 that share a common seed sequence to target the 3'-UTR of the FASN mRNA. In reporter assays, both of these microRNA clusters inhibited the expression of a reporter construct containing the FASN 3'-UTR. However, only ectopic miR-15a-16-1, but not miR-497-195, markedly reduced the levels of endogenous FASN in breast cancer cells. Both miR-15a and miR-16-1 contributes to inhibiting FASN expression and breast cancer cell proliferation. Consistently, a sponge construct consisting of eight repeats of the FASN 3'-UTR region targeted by these microRNAs could markedly increase endogenous FASN levels in mammary cells. When FASN expression was restored by ectopic expression in breast cancer cells, retarded cell proliferation caused by miR-15a-16-1 was partially rescued. In conclusion, we demonstrated that FASN expression is primarily downregulated by miR-15a and miR-16-1 in mammary cells and FASN is one of the major targets of these two tumor suppressive microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin P. R. China.,Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinming Shi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Paul Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Meimei Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yunxuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin P. R. China
| | - Steven J Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Wennuan Liu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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22
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Hua W, Chen Q, Wan M, Lu J, Xiong L. The incidence of military training-related injuries in Chinese new recruits: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2017; 164:309-313. [PMID: 29229645 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2016-000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Training-related injuries are the main reason for disability, long-term rehabilitation, functional impairment and premature discharge from military service. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of injuries in the training of Chinese new recruits via a systematic review of the literature. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the combined incidence of military training-related injuries in Chinese new recruits. The electronic databases of full-text journals were searched, and the Loney criteria were used to assess the quality of eligible articles. Summary estimates were obtained using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses and publication bias tests were performed. RESULTS Fifty-five eligible articles representing 109 611 Chinese new recruits met the inclusion criteria, of which 21 253 recruits were clinically diagnosed with military training-related injuries. The combined incidence of military training-related injuries in Chinese new recruits was found to be 21.04%. CONCLUSIONS An increased incidence of training injuries was found in more recent years, underscoring the need for further research on the risk factors associated with their causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hua
- Department of Military Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Military Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA 422nd Hospital, Zhanjiang, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Training, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Xiong
- Department of Military Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Zhou Y, Zheng L, Li F, Wan M, Fan Y, Zhou X, Du W, Pi C, Cui D, Zhang B, Sun J, Zhou X. Bivalent Histone Codes on WNT5A during Odontogenic Differentiation. J Dent Res 2017; 97:99-107. [PMID: 28880717 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517728910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lineage-committed differentiation is an essential biological program during odontogenesis, which is tightly regulated by lineage-specific genes. Some of these genes are modified by colocalization of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks at promoter regions in progenitors. These modifications, named "bivalent domains," maintain genes in a poised state and then resolve for later activation or repression during differentiation. Wnt5a has been reported to promote odontogenic differentiation in dental mesenchyme. However, relatively little is known about the epigenetic modulations on Wnt5a activation during tooth development. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks in developing mouse molars. Associated H3K4me3 methylases (mixed-lineage leukemia [MLL] complex) and H3K27me3 demethylases (JMJD3 and UTX) were dynamically expressed between early and late bell stage of human tooth germs and in cultured human dental papilla cells (hDPCs) during odontogenic induction. Poised WNT5A gene was marked by bivalent domains containing repressive marks (H3K27me3) and active marks (H3K4me3) on promoters. The bivalent domains tended to resolve during inducted differentiation, with removal of the H3K27me3 mark in a JMJD3-dependent manner. When JMJD3 was knocked down in cultured hDPCs, odontogenic differentiation was suppressed. The depletion of JMJD3 epigenetically repressed WNT5A activation by increased H3K27me3 marks. In addition, JMJD3 could physically interact with ASH2L, a component of the MLL complex, to form a coactivator complex, cooperatively modulating H3K4me3 marks on WNT5A promoters. Overall, our study reveals that transcription activities of WNT5A were epigenetically regulated by the negotiated balance between H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 marks and tightly mediated by JMJD3 and MLL coactivator complex, ultimately modulating odontogenic commitment during dental mesenchymal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zheng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - F Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Wan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Fan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Du
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C Pi
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Cui
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - B Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Sun
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Yang Y, Matthaeus WH, Parashar TN, Wu P, Wan M, Shi Y, Chen S, Roytershteyn V, Daughton W. Energy transfer channels and turbulence cascade in Vlasov-Maxwell turbulence. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:061201. [PMID: 28709288 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations from the perspective of turbulence cascade clarifies the role of electromagnetic work, and reveals the importance of the pressure-strain relation in generating internal energy. Particle-in-cell simulation demonstrates the relative importance of the several energy exchange terms, indicating that the traceless pressure-strain interaction "Pi-D" is of particular importance for both electrons and protons. The Pi-D interaction and the second tensor invariants of the strain are highly localized in similar spatial regions, indicating that energy transfer occurs preferentially in coherent structures. The collisionless turbulence cascade may be fruitfully explored by study of these energy transfer channels, in addition to examining transfer across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - W H Matthaeus
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - T N Parashar
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Wu
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Wan
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Y Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | | | - W Daughton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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25
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Candela B, Wan M, Tausk F, Pentland A, Ryan Wolf J. 356 Initial validation of novel clinical outcome measures in dermatology. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Li X, Gao J, Wang M, Zheng J, Li Y, Hui ES, Wan M, Yang J. Characterization of Extensive Microstructural Variations Associated with Punctate White Matter Lesions in Preterm Neonates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1228-1234. [PMID: 28450434 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Punctate white matter lesions are common in preterm neonates. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of the neonates are related to the degree of extension. This study aimed to characterize the extent of microstructural variations for different punctate white matter lesion grades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions were divided into 3 grades (from mild to severe: grades I-III). DTI-derived fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity between patients with punctate white matter lesions and controls were compared with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and tract-quantification methods. RESULTS Thirty-three preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions and 33 matched controls were enrolled. There were 15, 9, and 9 patients, respectively, in grades I, II, and III. Punctate white matter lesions were mainly located in white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles, especially regions lateral to the trigone, posterior horns, and centrum semiovale and/or corona radiata. Extensive microstructural changes were observed in neonates with grade III punctate white matter lesions, while no significant changes in DTI metrics were found for grades I and II. A pattern of increased axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy was found in regions adjacent to punctate white matter lesion sites seen on T1WI and T2WI. Unchanged axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy were observed in regions distant from punctate white matter lesion sites. CONCLUSIONS White matter microstructural variations were different across punctate white matter lesion grades. Extensive change patterns varied according to the distance to the lesion sites in neonates with severe punctate white matter lesions. These findings may help in determining the outcomes of punctate white matter lesions and selecting treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering (X.L., M. Wan, J.Y.), the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - J Gao
- From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.)
| | - M Wang
- From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.)
| | - J Zheng
- Clinical Research Center (J.Z.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Li
- From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.)
| | - E S Hui
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (E.S.H.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (X.L., M. Wan, J.Y.), the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - J Yang
- From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.) .,Department of Biomedical Engineering (X.L., M. Wan, J.Y.), the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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27
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Zhang Q, Wan M, Shi J, Horita DA, Miller LD, Kute TE, Kridel SJ, Kulik G, Sui G. Yin Yang 1 promotes mTORC2-mediated AKT phosphorylation. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:232-43. [PMID: 26762111 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) regulates both gene expression and protein modifications, and has shown a proliferative role in cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that YY1 promotes AKT phosphorylation at S473, a marker of AKT activation. YY1 expression positively correlated with AKT(S473) phosphorylation in a tissue microarray and cultured cells of breast cancer, but negatively associated with the distant metastasis-free survival of 166 breast cancer patients. YY1 promotes AKT phosphorylation at S473 through direct interaction with AKT, and the AKT-binding site is mapped to the residues G201-S226 on YY1. These residues are also involved in YY1 interaction with Mdm2, Ezh2, and E1A, and thus are designated as the oncogene protein binding (OPB) domain. YY1-promoted AKT phosphorylation relies on the OPB domain but is independent of either transcriptional activity of YY1 or the activity of phosphoinositide-3-kinases. We also determine that YY1-promoted mTORC2 access to AKT leads to its phosphorylation at S473. Importantly, a peptide based on the OPB domain blocks YY1 interaction with AKT and reduces AKT phosphorylation and cell proliferation. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that YY1 promotes mTORC2-mediated AKT activation and disrupting YY1-AKT interaction by OPB domain-based peptide may represent a potential strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA Present address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meimei Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jinming Shi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - David A Horita
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Timothy E Kute
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Steven J Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - George Kulik
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA Life Sciences Program, College of Science & General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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28
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Wan M, Liu JR, Wu D, Chi XP, Ouyang XY. E-selectin expression induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis in human endothelial cells via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors and Toll-like receptors. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 30:399-410. [PMID: 25939768 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, has been proved to actively invade cells, induce endothelial cell activation, and promote development of atherosclerosis. Innate immune surveillance, which includes the activity of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are essential for the control of microbial infections; however, the roles of receptor families in P. gingivalis infections remain unclear. Here, we examined the roles of NLRs and TLRs in endothelial cell activation caused by P. gingivalis. Live P. gingivalis and whole cell sonicates were used to stimulate endothelial cells, and both showed upregulation of E-selectin as well as NOD1, NOD2, and TLR2. In addition, silencing of these genes in endothelial cells infected with P. gingivalis led to a reduction in E-selectin expression. Porphyromonas gingivalis also induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity in endothelial cells, whereas small interfering RNA targeting NOD1 significantly reduced these signals. Moreover, inhibition of either NOD2 or TLR2 inhibited NF-κB significantly, but had only a weak inhibitory effect on P38 MAPK signaling. Direct inhibition of NF-κB and P38 MAPK significantly attenuated E-selectin expression induced by P. gingivalis in endothelial cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that NOD1, NOD2, and TLR2 play important, non-redundant roles in endothelial cell activation following P. gingivalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J R Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - D Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Bijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X P Chi
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of VIP Dental Service, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Y Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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29
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Oughton S, Matthaeus WH, Wan M, Osman KT. Anisotropy in solar wind plasma turbulence. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2015; 373:20140152. [PMID: 25848082 PMCID: PMC4394683 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A review of spectral anisotropy and variance anisotropy for solar wind fluctuations is given, with the discussion covering inertial range and dissipation range scales. For the inertial range, theory, simulations and observations are more or less in accord, in that fluctuation energy is found to be primarily in modes with quasi-perpendicular wavevectors (relative to a suitably defined mean magnetic field), and also that most of the fluctuation energy is in the vector components transverse to the mean field. Energy transfer in the parallel direction and the energy levels in the parallel components are both relatively weak. In the dissipation range, observations indicate that variance anisotropy tends to decrease towards isotropic levels as the electron gyroradius is approached; spectral anisotropy results are mixed. Evidence for and against wave interpretations and turbulence interpretations of these features will be discussed. We also present new simulation results concerning evolution of variance anisotropy for different classes of initial conditions, each with typical background solar wind parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oughton
- Department of Mathematics, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - W H Matthaeus
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, DE 19716, USA
| | - M Wan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, DE 19716, USA
| | - K T Osman
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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30
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Wan M, Matthaeus WH, Roytershteyn V, Karimabadi H, Parashar T, Wu P, Shay M. Intermittent Dissipation and Heating in 3D Kinetic Plasma Turbulence. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:175002. [PMID: 25978241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High resolution, fully kinetic, three dimensional (3D) simulation of collisionless plasma turbulence shows the development of turbulence characterized by sheetlike current density structures spanning a range of scales. The nonlinear evolution is initialized with a long wavelength isotropic spectrum of fluctuations having polarizations transverse to an imposed mean magnetic field. We present evidence that these current sheet structures are sites for heating and dissipation, and that stronger currents signify higher dissipation rates. The analyses focus on quantities such as J·E, electron, and proton temperatures, and conditional averages of these quantities based on local electric current density. Evidently, kinetic scale plasma, like magnetohydrodynamics, becomes intermittent due to current sheet formation, leading to the expectation that heating and dissipation in astrophysical and space plasmas may be highly nonuniform. Comparison with previous results from 2D kinetic simulations, as well as high frequency solar wind observational data, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wan
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - W H Matthaeus
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | | | | | - T Parashar
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Wu
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Shay
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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31
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Sun F, Wan M, Xu X, Gao B, Zhou Y, Sun J, Cheng L, Klein OD, Zhou X, Zheng L. Crosstalk between miR-34a and Notch Signaling Promotes Differentiation in Apical Papilla Stem Cells (SCAPs). J Dent Res 2014; 93:589-95. [PMID: 24710391 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514531146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are important for the formation and regeneration of root dentin. Here, we examined the expression of Notch signaling components in SCAPs and investigated crosstalk between microRNA miR-34aand Notch signaling during cell differentiation. We found that human SCAPs express NOTCH2, NOTCH3, JAG2, DLL3, and HES1, and we tested the relationship between Notch signaling and both cell differentiation and miR-34a expression. NOTCH activation in SCAPs inhibited cell differentiation and up-regulated the expression of miR-34a, whereas miR-34a inhibited Notch signaling in SCAPs by directly targeting the 3'UTR of NOTCH2 and HES1 mRNA and suppressing the expression of NOTCH2, N2ICD, and HES1. DSPP, RUNX2, OSX, and OCN expression was consequently up-regulated. Thus, Notch signaling in human SCAPs plays a vital role in maintenance of these cells. miR-34a interacts with Notch signaling and promotes both odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - M Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology and Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - X Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - B Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - Y Zhou
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - L Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - O D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology and Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - L Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
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Wan M, Liu J, Ouyang X. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 regulates Porphyromonas gingivalis
-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression in endothelial cells through NF-κB pathway. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:189-96. [PMID: 24862550 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wan
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - J. Liu
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - X. Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing China
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Pan L, Zheng W, Ye X, Chen L, Ke Y, Wan M, Tang W, Gao J, Zhang X. P0016 A novel approach of intrabeam intraoperative radiotherapy for nipple-sparing mastectomy with breast reconstruction. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wu P, Wan M, Matthaeus WH, Shay MA, Swisdak M. Von Kármán energy decay and heating of protons and electrons in a kinetic turbulent plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:121105. [PMID: 24093244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Decay in time of undriven weakly collisional kinetic plasma turbulence in systems large compared to the ion kinetic scales is investigated using fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations initiated with transverse flow and magnetic disturbances, constant density, and a strong guide field. The observed energy decay is consistent with the von Kármán hypothesis of similarity decay, in a formulation adapted to magnetohydrodyamics. Kinetic dissipation occurs at small scales, but the overall rate is apparently controlled by large scale dynamics. At small turbulence amplitudes the electrons are preferentially heated. At larger amplitudes proton heating is the dominant effect. In the solar wind and corona the protons are typically hotter, suggesting that these natural systems are in the large amplitude turbulence regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Zhang Q, Wan M, Horita DA, Miller LD, Kridel SJ, Kute TE, Kulik G, Sui G. Abstract A25: Yin Yang 1 promotes AKT activation through direct protein binding. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.cec13-a25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As a polycomb group protein, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) plays an important role in cancer epigenetics. YY1 regulates both gene expression and protein modifications, including histone acetylation and methylation. We recently reported a proliferative role of YY1 and its cytoplasmic presence in breast cancer. In the current study, we demonstrated that YY1 promotes AKT phosphorylation at S473, a marker of AKT activation. The immunostaining signal of YY1 and AKT(S473) phosphorylation positively correlated and colocalized in breast cancer tissues and cells. The oncogene protein binding (OPB) domain (G201-S226) of YY1 bound to AKT and was necessary for YY1 in promoting AKT phosphorylation. This novel function of YY1 is independent of its transcriptional activity because YY1 promoted AKT phosphorylation in an in vitro setting using purified proteins and YY1 mutants deficient in binding to DNA retained this activity. Our further studies revealed that YY1 interacted with the PH domain of AKT where PIP3 binds and its role in promoting AKT phosphorylation was abolished when we depleted mSIN1, a specific component of mTORC2 that mediates AKT(S473) phosphorylation. Thus, we discovered a PI3K-independent mechanism of mTORC2-mediated AKT activation stimulated by YY1 binding to its PH domain, which supports the proliferative role of YY1 in mammary oncogenesis.
Citation Format: Qiang Zhang, Meimei Wan, David A. Horita, Lance D. Miller, Steven J. Kridel, Timothy E. Kute, George Kulik, Guangchao Sui. Yin Yang 1 promotes AKT activation through direct protein binding. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Meimei Wan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - David A. Horita
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lance D. Miller
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Timothy E. Kute
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - George Kulik
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Guangchao Sui
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Wang Y, Thongsawat S, Gane EJ, Liaw YF, Jia J, Hou J, Chan HLY, Papatheodoridis G, Wan M, Niu J, Bao W, Trylesinski A, Naoumov NV. Efficacy and safety of continuous 4-year telbivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:e37-46. [PMID: 23490388 PMCID: PMC3618368 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the phase-III GLOBE/015 studies, telbivudine demonstrated superior efficacy vs lamivudine during 2-year treatment in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). After completion, 847 patients had an option to continue telbivudine treatment for further 2 years. A total of 596 (70%) of telbivudine-treated patients, who were serum HBV DNA positive or negative and without genotypic resistance to telbivudine at the end of the GLOBE/015 trials, were enrolled into a further 2-year extension study. A group of 502 patients completed 4 years of continuous telbivudine treatment and were included in the telbivudine per-protocol population. Amongst 293 HBeAg-positive patients, 76.2% had undetectable serum HBV DNA and 86.0% had normal serum ALT at the end of 4 years. Notably, the cumulative rate of HBeAg seroconversion was 53.2%. Amongst 209 HBeAg-negative patients, 86.4% had undetectable HBV DNA and 89.6% had normal serum ALT. In patients who had discontinued telbivudine treatment due to HBeAg seroconversion, the HBeAg response was durable in 82% of patients (median 111 weeks of off-treatment follow-up). The cumulative 4-year resistance rate was 10.6% for HBeAg-positive and 10.0% for HBeAg-negative patients. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity and transient. Renal function measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased by 14.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (16.6%) from baseline to 4 years (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB patients without resistance after 2 years, two additional years of telbivudine treatment continued to provide effective viral suppression with a favourable safety profile. Moreover, telbivudine achieved 53% of HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - S Thongsawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
| | - E J Gane
- New Zealand Liver Unit, Auckland City HospitalAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Y-F Liaw
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - J Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - J Hou
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang HospitalGuangzhou, China
| | - H L Y Chan
- Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - G Papatheodoridis
- Academic Department of Medicine, Hippokration General HospitalAthens, Greece
| | - M Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ChangHai Hospital of the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - J Niu
- Department of Hepatology, First hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin, China
| | - W Bao
- Novartis Pharma CorporationEast Hanover, NJ, USA
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Wan M, Matthaeus WH, Karimabadi H, Roytershteyn V, Shay M, Wu P, Daughton W, Loring B, Chapman SC. Intermittent dissipation at kinetic scales in collisionless plasma turbulence. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:195001. [PMID: 23215389 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.195001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High resolution kinetic simulations of collisionless plasma driven by shear show the development of turbulence characterized by dynamic coherent sheetlike current density structures spanning a range of scales down to electron scales. We present evidence that these structures are sites for heating and dissipation, and that stronger current structures signify higher dissipation rates. Evidently, kinetic scale plasma, like magnetohydrodynamics, becomes intermittent due to current sheet formation, leading to the expectation that heating and dissipation in astrophysical and space plasmas may be highly nonuniform and patchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wan
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Wan M, Zweizig S, Dablaing G, Zheng J, Velicescu M, Dubeau L. 3 distinct regions of chromosome-6 are targets of loss of heterozygosity in human ovarian carcinomas. Int J Oncol 2012; 5:1043-8. [PMID: 21559678 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.5.5.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed mapping studies of allelic deletions on chromosome 6 in 52 ovarian carcinomas using 20 polymorphic markers assigned to various regions of both chromosomal arms. Loss of heterozygosity was seen in 28 (55%) tumors. The allelic losses, however, did not involve the whole chromosome in 18 of those tumors, allowing further localization of the targeted chromosomal region(s). Three different chromosomal regions appeared involved based on the distribution of partial deletions, 2 on the long arm and one on the short arm. One of the 2 regions on the long arm was confined to band 6q27 whereas the other was between the Arg1 and estrogen receptor loci. The targeted region on the short arm was bounded by the D6S89 and D6S248 loci. These results suggest the presence of at least 3 different tumor suppressor genes important for the control of ovarian tumorigenesis on chromosome 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wan
- KENNETH NORRIS JR COMPREHENS CANC CTR,DEPT PATHOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. KENNETH NORRIS JR COMPREHENS CANC CTR,DEPT GYNECOL ONCOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033
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Zhang Z, Zheng J, Zhao Y, Li G, Batres Y, Luo M, Wan M, Ying S. Overexpression of activin A inhibits growth, induces apoptosis, and suppresses tumorigenicity in an androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Int J Oncol 2012; 11:727-36. [PMID: 21528267 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.11.4.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of overexpression of activin A in the androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP were studied. A full-length cDNA of activin beta A coding region was inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector and transfected into the LNCaP cells. Overexpression of activin BA significantly inhibited growth of this cell line. An increased death rate was also noted in these activin-overproducing cells, which was believed to be due to apoptosis as manifested by morphological change, DNA laddering, and FAGS analysis. The expression of bcl-2 was suppressed and the expression of c-myc was stimulated in these cells. In addition, the efficiency of soft agar colony formation and the tumorigenicity in the nude mice were suppressed for the activin producing LNCaP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT CELL & NEUROBIOL,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT PATHOL,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033
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Danila D, Anand A, Heller G, Wan M, Zehnder M, Khanin R, Schultz N, Fleisher M, Lilja H, Scher H. The Analytical Validation of Prostate Specific Mrna Detection in Whole Blood by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Evidence for nonuniform heating in the solar wind plasma near current sheets dynamically generated by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is obtained using measurements from the ACE spacecraft. These coherent structures only constitute 19% of the data, but contribute 50% of the total plasma internal energy. Intermittent heating manifests as elevations in proton temperature near current sheets, resulting in regional heating and temperature enhancements extending over several hours. The number density of non-Gaussian structures is found to be proportional to the mean proton temperature and solar wind speed. These results suggest magnetofluid turbulence drives intermittent dissipation through a hierarchy of coherent structures, which collectively could be a significant source of coronal and solar wind heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Osman
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) inhibits gene expression by specifically degrading target mRNAs. Since the discovery of double-stranded small interference RNA (siRNA) in gene silencing, RNAi has become a powerful research tool in gene function studies. Compared to genetic deletion, RNAi-mediated gene silencing possesses many advantages, such as the ease with which it is carried out and its suitability to most cell lines. Multiple studies have demonstrated the applications of RNAi technology in cancer research. In particular, the development of the DNA vector-based technology to produce small hairpin RNA (shRNA) driven by the U6 or H1 promoter has made long term and inducible gene silencing possible. Its use in combination with genetically engineered viral vectors, such as lentivirus, facilitates high efficiencies of shRNA delivery and/or integration into genomic DNA for stable shRNA expression. We describe a detailed procedure using the DNA vector-based RNAi technology to determine gene function, including construction of lentiviral vectors expressing shRNA, lentivirus production and cell infection, and functional studies using a mouse xenograft model. Various strategies have been reported in generating shRNA constructs. The protocol described here employing PCR amplification and a 3-fragment ligation can be used to directly and efficiently generate shRNA-containing lentiviral constructs without leaving any extra nucleotide adjacent to a shRNA coding sequence. Since the shRNA-expression cassettes created by this strategy can be cut out by restriction enzymes, they can be easily moved to other vectors with different fluorescent or antibiotic markers. Most commercial transfection reagents can be used in lentivirus production. However, in this report, we provide an economic method using calcium phosphate precipitation that can achieve over 90% transfection efficiency in 293T cells. Compared to constitutive shRNA expression vectors, an inducible shRNA system is particularly suitable to knocking down a gene essential to cell proliferation. We demonstrate the gene silencing of Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a potential oncogene in breast cancer, by a Tet-On inducible shRNA system and its effects on tumor formation. Research using lentivirus requires review and approval of a biosafety protocol by the Biosafety Committee of a researcher's institution. Research using animal models requires review and approval of an animal protocol by the Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) of a researcher's institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Stovall
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, USA
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Stovall DB, Wan M, Zhang Q, Liu G, Cao P, Miller LD, Liu W, Xu J, Sui G. Abstract 4001: SOX7 is a potential tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Among U.S. women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Both epigenetic silencing and genetic deletion of tumor suppressors are critical for the development and progression of breast cancer. The SOX (Sex-determining region Y-box) genes encode a family of over 20 transcription factors, including SOX7. The SOX7 gene is located on chromosome arm 8p and is deleted in a number of human cancers, including breast cancer. Previously, SOX7 has been demonstrated to be down-regulated in human tissues of prostate and colon cancers and its ectopic expression inhibits proliferation and increase apoptosis in prostate and colon cancer cell lines. However, the functional role of SOX7 in breast cancer has not yet been reported. Our studies revealed a significant correlation between SOX7 transcript levels and clinical outcome in gene array data from an international meta-cohort of 674 breast cancer patients. Consistently, we observed that SOX7 mRNA levels and protein expression are down-regulated in multiple breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines compared to adjacent normal tissue and non-tumorigenic cells, respectively. Further, we have observed that the SOX7 promoter is hyper-methylated in breast cancer cell lines compared to non-tumorigenic breast cells, and that inhibition of SOX7 methylation results in an increase in SOX7 mRNA. Importantly, shRNA-mediated silencing of SOX7 conferred a growth advantage to non-tumorigenic breast cells, while induced ectopic SOX7 expression inhibited proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Overall, our data suggest that SOX7 may act as a novel tumor suppressor in breast cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4001. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4001
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meimei Wan
- 1Wake Forest Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Qiang Zhang
- 1Wake Forest Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Gaifang Liu
- 1Wake Forest Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Paul Cao
- 1Wake Forest Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC
| | | | - Wennuan Liu
- 1Wake Forest Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- 1Wake Forest Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC
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Osman KT, Wan M, Matthaeus WH, Weygand JM, Dasso S. Anisotropic third-moment estimates of the energy cascade in solar wind turbulence using multispacecraft data. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:165001. [PMID: 22107393 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The first direct determination of the inertial range energy cascade rate, using an anisotropic form of Yaglom's law for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, is obtained in the solar wind with multispacecraft measurements. The two-point mixed third-order structure functions of Elsässer fluctuations are integrated over a sphere in magnetic field-aligned coordinates, and the result is consistent with a linear scaling. Therefore, volume integrated heating and cascade rates are obtained that, unlike previous studies, make only limited assumptions about the underlying spectral geometry of solar wind turbulence. These results confirm the turbulent nature of magnetic and velocity field fluctuations in the low frequency limit, and could supply the energy necessary to account for the nonadiabatic heating of the solar wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Osman
- Bartol Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, USA.
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Huang W, Smaldino PJ, Zhang Q, Miller LD, Cao P, Stadelman K, Wan M, Giri B, Lei M, Nagamine Y, Vaughn JP, Akman SA, Sui G. Yin Yang 1 contains G-quadruplex structures in its promoter and 5'-UTR and its expression is modulated by G4 resolvase 1. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:1033-49. [PMID: 21993297 PMCID: PMC3273823 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional protein with regulatory potential in tumorigenesis. Ample studies demonstrated the activities of YY1 in regulating gene expression and mediating differential protein modifications. However, the mechanisms underlying YY1 gene expression are relatively understudied. G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded structures or motifs formed by guanine-rich DNA or RNA domains. The presence of G4 structures in a gene promoter or the 5′-UTR of its mRNA can markedly affect its expression. In this report, we provide strong evidence showing the presence of G4 structures in the promoter and the 5′-UTR of YY1. In reporter assays, mutations in these G4 structure forming sequences increased the expression of Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) downstream of either YY1 promoter or 5′-UTR. We also discovered that G4 Resolvase 1 (G4R1) enhanced the Gluc expression mediated by the YY1 promoter, but not the YY1 5′-UTR. Consistently, G4R1 binds the G4 motif of the YY1 promoter in vitro and ectopically expressed G4R1 increased endogenous YY1 levels. In addition, the analysis of a gene array data consisting of the breast cancer samples of 258 patients also indicates a significant, positive correlation between G4R1 and YY1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Wan M, Ghosh S. 12. 3-T MRI and DWI in prostate cancer imaging: a district general hospital perspective. Cancer Imaging 2011. [DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2011.9075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zheng Y, Lai W, Wan M, Maibach HI. Expression of cathepsins in human skin photoaging. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 24:10-21. [PMID: 20588086 DOI: 10.1159/000314725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are involved in regulatory mechanisms in human skin, but their role in photoaged skin remains unknown. This study investigates the role of cathepsin B, D, K, and G in skin photoaging in vivo and in vitro. Cathepsin-induced changes in skin as a result of chronic UV irradiation were detected by immunohistochemistry methods. Protein cathepsin expressions in UVA-induced premature senescence in fibroblasts in vitro were detected by Western blot technique. Cathepsin mRNA expression in photoaged skin and fibroblasts was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot show lower protein expression of cathepsin B, D, and K in photoaged skin and fibroblasts, while cathepsin G was higher. The mRNA expression of cathepsin B, D, and K of the photoaged skin in vivo decreased to 20 ± 0.5, 25 ± 1.6 and 22 ± 0.8%, while cathepsin G mRNA increased to 2.24 ± 0.09 times that of control. In photoaged fibroblasts, cathepsin B, D, and K mRNA was downregulated to 64 ± 2.9, 24 ± 2.1 and 9 ± 0.5% while cathepsin G mRNA was upregulated to 1.42 ± 0.06 times that of control fibroblasts. These experiments suggest that cathepsin B, D, K, and G may act as biomarkers in photoaged human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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Cao P, Deng Z, Wan M, Huang W, Cramer SD, Xu J, Lei M, Sui G. MicroRNA-101 negatively regulates Ezh2 and its expression is modulated by androgen receptor and HIF-1alpha/HIF-1beta. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:108. [PMID: 20478051 PMCID: PMC2881117 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In prostate cancer (PCa), the common treatment involving androgen ablation alleviates the disease temporarily, but results in the recurrence of highly aggressive and androgen-independent metastatic cancer. Therefore, more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. It is known that aberrant epigenetics contributes to prostate malignancy. Unlike genetic changes, these epigenetic alterations are reversible, which makes them attractive targets in PCa therapy to impede cancer progression. As a histone methyltransferase, Ezh2 plays an essential role in epigenetic regulation. Since Ezh2 is overexpressed and acts as an oncogene in PCa, it has been proposed as a bona fide target of PCa therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression through modulating protein translation. Recently, the contribution of miRNAs in cancer development is increasingly appreciated. In this report, we present our study showing that microRNA-101 (miR-101) inhibits Ezh2 expression and differentially regulates prostate cancer cells. In addition, the expression of miR-101 alters upon androgen treatment and HIF-1alpha/HIF-1beta induction. RESULT In our reporter assays, both miR-101 and miR-26a inhibit the expression of a reporter construct containing the 3'-UTR of Ezh2. When ectopically expressed in PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP cells, miR-101 inhibits endogenous Ezh2 expression in all three cell lines, while miR-26a only decreases Ezh2 in DU145. Ectopic miR-101 reduces the invasion ability of PC-3 cells, while restored Ezh2 expression rescues the invasiveness of PC-3 cells. Similarly, miR-101 also inhibits cell invasion and migration of DU145 and LNCaP cells, respectively. Interestingly, ectopic miR-101 exhibits differential effects on the proliferation of PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP cells and also causes morphological changes of LNCaP cells. In addition, the expression of miR-101 is regulated by androgen receptor and HIF-1alpha/HIF-1beta. While HIF-1alpha/HIF-1beta induced by deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) decreases miR-101 levels, the overall effects of R-1881 on miR-101 expression are stimulatory. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that miR-101 targets Ezh2 and decreases the invasiveness of PCa cells, suggesting that miR-101 introduction is a potential therapeutic strategy to combat PCa. MiR-101 differentially regulates prostate cell proliferation. Meanwhile, the expression of miR-101 is also modulated at different physiological conditions, such as androgen stimulation and HIF-1alpha/HIF-1beta induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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