1
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Esselman AB, Patterson NH, Migas LG, Dufresne M, Djambazova KV, Colley ME, Van de Plas R, Spraggins JM. Microscopy-Directed Imaging Mass Spectrometry for Rapid High Spatial Resolution Molecular Imaging of Glomeruli. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023. [PMID: 37319264 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The glomerulus is a multicellular functional tissue unit (FTU) of the nephron that is responsible for blood filtration. Each glomerulus contains multiple substructures and cell types that are crucial for their function. To understand normal aging and disease in kidneys, methods for high spatial resolution molecular imaging within these FTUs across whole slide images is required. Here we demonstrate a workflow using microscopy-driven selected sampling to enable 5 μm pixel size matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) of all glomeruli within whole slide human kidney tissues. Such high spatial resolution imaging entails large numbers of pixels, increasing the data acquisition times. Automating FTU-specific tissue sampling enables high-resolution analysis of critical tissue structures, while concurrently maintaining throughput. Glomeruli were automatically segmented using coregistered autofluorescence microscopy data, and these segmentations were translated into MALDI IMS measurement regions. This allowed high-throughput acquisition of 268 glomeruli from a single whole slide human kidney tissue section. Unsupervised machine learning methods were used to discover molecular profiles of glomerular subregions and differentiate between healthy and diseased glomeruli. Average spectra for each glomerulus were analyzed using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and k-means clustering, yielding 7 distinct groups of differentiated healthy and diseased glomeruli. Pixel-wise k-means clustering was applied to all glomeruli, showing unique molecular profiles localized to subregions within each glomerulus. Automated microscopy-driven, FTU-targeted acquisition for high spatial resolution molecular imaging maintains high-throughput and enables rapid assessment of whole slide images at cellular resolution and identification of tissue features associated with normal aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Esselman
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Nathan Heath Patterson
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lukasz G Migas
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, 2628 Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Dufresne
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Katerina V Djambazova
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Madeline E Colley
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Raf Van de Plas
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, 2628 Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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2
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Senzacqua M, Galosi AB, Marzioni D, Morroni M. ZO-1 expression in normal human macula densa: Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence investigations. J Anat 2023; 242:1184-1188. [PMID: 36719664 PMCID: PMC10184539 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The macula densa (MD) is an anatomical structure having a plaque shape, placed in the distal end of thick ascending limb of each nephron and belonging to juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). The aim of the present investigation is to investigate the presence of ZO-1, a specific marker of tight juncions (TJs), in MD cells. Six samples of normal human renal tissue were embedded in paraffin for ZO-1 expression analysis by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. We detected ZO-1 expression in the apical part of cell membrane in MD cells by immunohistochemistry. In addition, ZO-1 and nNOS expressions (a specific marker of MD) were colocalized in MD cells providing clear evidence of TJs presence in normal human MD. Since ZO-1 is responsible for diffusion barrier formation, its presence in the MD supports the existence of a tubulomesangial barrier that ensures a regulated exchange between MD and JGA effectors in renal and glomerular haemodynamic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Benedetto Galosi
- Division of Urology, Department of Clinical and Specialist Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Manrico Morroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
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3
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Yaigoub H, Tirichen H, Xin X, Shi S, Wu C, Li R, Li Y. Isolation of Viable Single Cells With High Yield and Purity Using a Small Amount of Human Kidney Tissue Biopsy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:822275. [PMID: 35620054 PMCID: PMC9127796 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.822275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Establishment of an efficient method of preparing human kidney single cell suspension, using a very small amount of tissue puncture. Methods: Samples of human kidney tissue puncture were cut into pieces, and then 80 μL of the digestive enzyme were added to each punctured tissue to induce enzymatic digestion. The enzyme combination is composed of collagenases, DNase and hyaluronidase and the sample was incubated 20 min at 37°C. The obtained cell suspension was filtered through a 70 μm cell strainer, centrifuged at 300 g for 5 min and the supernatant was removed, then the pellet was resuspended in 3 ml of DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium). Cell suspension was sorted and purified by flow sorting to remove dead cells and obtain a cell suspension with higher viability rate. Results: We found that 1) diverse single cells of human kidney can be obtained by the digestive enzyme, as observed under the light microscope, with different sizes, normal cell morphology and good dispersion. 2) (2-3) × 106 single cells can be extracted from one fresh punctured kidney tissue of about 10 mg, with a cell viability rate of more than 80%. Conclusion: In this work we generated a comprehensive and high-resolution single-cell method, which is simple and efficient for preparing single cell suspension from a minimal amount of human kidney tissue. This method can facilitate the study of renal cell biology and the pathogenesis of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnaa Yaigoub
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hasna Tirichen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Xin
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuhong Shi
- Core Laboratory, The Fifth Hospital (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Taiyuan, China.,Academy of Microbial Ecology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Core Laboratory, The Fifth Hospital (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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4
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Ding B, Sun G, Liu S, Peng E, Wan M, Chen L, Jackson J, Atala A. Three-Dimensional Renal Organoids from Whole Kidney Cells: Generation, Optimization, and Potential Application in Nephrotoxicology In Vitro. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689719897066. [PMID: 32166969 PMCID: PMC7504083 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719897066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney function of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is impaired
irreversibly. Organ transplantation is the only treatment to restore kidney function in
CKD patients. The assessment of new potential therapeutic procedures relies heavily on
experimental animal models, but it is limited by its human predictive capacity. In
addition, the frequently used two-dimensional in vitro human renal cell
models cannot replicate all the features of the in vivo situation. In this study, we
developed a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro human renal organoid model
from whole kidney cells as a promising drug screening tool. At present, the renal tissue
generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) exhibits intrinsic tumorigenicity
properties. Here we first developed a 3D renal organoid culture system that originated
from adult differentiated cells without gene modification. Renal organoids composed of
multiple cell types were created under optimal experimental conditions and evaluated for
morphology, viability and erythropoietin production. As a novel screening tool for renal
toxicity, 3D organoids were exposed to three widely used drugs: aspirin, penicillin G and
cisplatin. The study results showed this 3D renal organoid model can be used as a drug
screening tool, a new in vitro 3D human kidney model, and provide hope
for potential regenerative therapies for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Ding
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China.,Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, HLJ, China
| | - Guoliang Sun
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China
| | - Ejun Peng
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China
| | - Meimei Wan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, China.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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5
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Woloshuk A, Khochare S, Almulhim AF, McNutt AT, Dean D, Barwinska D, Ferkowicz MJ, Eadon MT, Kelly KJ, Dunn KW, Hasan MA, El-Achkar TM, Winfree S. In Situ Classification of Cell Types in Human Kidney Tissue Using 3D Nuclear Staining. Cytometry A 2020; 99:707-721. [PMID: 33252180 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To understand the physiology and pathology of disease, capturing the heterogeneity of cell types within their tissue environment is fundamental. In such an endeavor, the human kidney presents a formidable challenge because its complex organizational structure is tightly linked to key physiological functions. Advances in imaging-based cell classification may be limited by the need to incorporate specific markers that can link classification to function. Multiplex imaging can mitigate these limitations, but requires cumulative incorporation of markers, which may lead to tissue exhaustion. Furthermore, the application of such strategies in large scale 3-dimensional (3D) imaging is challenging. Here, we propose that 3D nuclear signatures from a DNA stain, DAPI, which could be incorporated in most experimental imaging, can be used for classifying cells in intact human kidney tissue. We developed an unsupervised approach that uses 3D tissue cytometry to generate a large training dataset of nuclei images (NephNuc), where each nucleus is associated with a cell type label. We then devised various supervised machine learning approaches for kidney cell classification and demonstrated that a deep learning approach outperforms classical machine learning or shape-based classifiers. Specifically, a custom 3D convolutional neural network (NephNet3D) trained on nuclei image volumes achieved a balanced accuracy of 80.26%. Importantly, integrating NephNet3D classification with tissue cytometry allowed in situ visualization of cell type classifications in kidney tissue. In conclusion, we present a tissue cytometry and deep learning approach for in situ classification of cell types in human kidney tissue using only a DNA stain. This methodology is generalizable to other tissues and has potential advantages on tissue economy and non-exhaustive classification of different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Woloshuk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Suraj Khochare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Aljohara F Almulhim
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrew T McNutt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dawson Dean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael J Ferkowicz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Katherine J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth W Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mohammad A Hasan
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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6
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Al‐Majdoub ZM, Achour B, Couto N, Howard M, Elmorsi Y, Scotcher D, Alrubia S, El‐Khateeb E, Vasilogianni A, Alohali N, Neuhoff S, Schmitt L, Rostami‐Hodjegan A, Barber J. Mass spectrometry-based abundance atlas of ABC transporters in human liver, gut, kidney, brain and skin. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4134-4150. [PMID: 33128234 PMCID: PMC7756589 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABC transporters (ATP-binding cassette transporter) traffic drugs and their metabolites across membranes, making ABC transporter expression levels a key factor regulating local drug concentrations in different tissues and individuals. Yet, quantification of ABC transporters remains challenging because they are large and low-abundance transmembrane proteins. Here, we analysed 200 samples of crude and membrane-enriched fractions from human liver, kidney, intestine, brain microvessels and skin, by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. We identified 32 (out of 48) ABC transporters: ABCD3 was the most abundant in liver, whereas ABCA8, ABCB2/TAP1 and ABCE1 were detected in all tissues. Interestingly, this atlas unveiled that ABCB2/TAP1 may have TAP2-independent functions in the brain and that biliary atresia (BA) and control livers have quite different ABC transporter profiles. We propose that meaningful biological information can be derived from a direct comparison of these data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubida M. Al‐Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Narciso Couto
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Martyn Howard
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Yasmine Elmorsi
- Clinical Pharmacy DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyTanta UniversityEgypt
| | - Daniel Scotcher
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Sarah Alrubia
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry DepartmentCollege of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Eman El‐Khateeb
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Clinical Pharmacy DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyTanta UniversityEgypt
| | | | - Noura Alohali
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Pharmaceutical Practice DepartmentCollege of PharmacyPrincess Noura Bint Abdul Rahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Amin Rostami‐Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Simcyp DivisionCertara UK LtdSheffieldUK
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
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7
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Tran T, Lindström NO, Ransick A, De Sena Brandine G, Guo Q, Kim AD, Der B, Peti-Peterdi J, Smith AD, Thornton M, Grubbs B, McMahon JA, McMahon AP. In Vivo Developmental Trajectories of Human Podocyte Inform In Vitro Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Podocytes. Dev Cell 2020; 50:102-116.e6. [PMID: 31265809 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The renal corpuscle of the kidney comprises a glomerular vasculature embraced by podocytes and supported by mesangial myofibroblasts, which ensure plasma filtration at the podocyte-generated slit diaphragm. With a spectrum of podocyte-expressed gene mutations causing chronic disease, an enhanced understanding of podocyte development and function to create relevant in vitro podocyte models is a clinical imperative. To characterize podocyte development, scRNA-seq was performed on human fetal kidneys, identifying distinct transcriptional signatures accompanying the differentiation of functional podocytes from progenitors. Interestingly, organoid-generated podocytes exhibited highly similar, progressive transcriptional profiles despite an absence of the vasculature, although abnormal gene expression was pinpointed in late podocytes. On transplantation into mice, organoid-derived podocytes recruited the host vasculature and partially corrected transcriptional profiles. Thus, human podocyte development is mostly intrinsically regulated and vascular interactions refine maturation. These studies support the application of organoid-derived podocytes to model disease and to restore or replace normal kidney functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Tran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Ransick
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Guilherme De Sena Brandine
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Albert D Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Balint Der
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Janos Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jill A McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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8
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Dubourg V, Nolze A, Kopf M, Gekle M, Schwerdt G. Weighted Correlation Network Analysis Reveals CDK2 as a Regulator of a Ubiquitous Environmental Toxin-Induced Cell-Cycle Arrest. Cells 2020; 9:E143. [PMID: 31936152 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental food contaminants constitute a threat to human health. For instance, the globally spread mycotoxin Ochratoxin A (OTA) contributes to chronic kidney damage by affecting proximal tubule cells via unknown mechanisms. We applied a top-down approach to identify relevant toxicological mechanisms of OTA using RNA-sequencing followed by in-depth bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Differential expression analyses revealed that OTA led to the regulation of gene expression in kidney human cell lines, including for genes enriched in cell cycle-related pathways, and OTA-induced gap 1 and 2 (G1 and G2) cell-cycle arrests were observed. Weighted correlation network analysis highlighted cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) as a putative key regulator of this effect. CDK2 was downregulated by OTA exposure, and its overexpression partially blocked the OTA-induced G1 but not G2 cell-cycle arrest. We, therefore, propose CDK2 as one of the key regulators of the G1 cell-cycle arrest induced by low nanomolar concentrations of OTA.
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9
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Isaeva E, Fedoriuk M, Bohovyk R, Klemens CA, Khedr S, Golosova D, Levchenko V, El-Meanawy A, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Vibrodissociation method for isolation of defined nephron segments from human and rodent kidneys. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1398-F1403. [PMID: 31588797 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00448.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current knowledge of the properties of renal ion channels responsible for electrolytes and cell energy homeostasis mainly relies on rodent studies. However, it has not been established yet to what extent their characteristics can be generalized to those of humans. The present study was designed to develop a standardized protocol for the isolation of well-preserved glomeruli and renal tubules from rodent and human kidneys and to assess the functional suitability of the obtained materials for physiological studies. Separation of nephron segments from human and rodent kidneys was achieved using a novel vibrodissociation technique. The integrity of isolated renal tubules and glomeruli was probed via electrophysiological analysis and fluorescence microscopy, and the purity of the collected fractions was confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR with gene markers for specific cell types. The developed approach allows rapid isolation of well-preserved renal tubules and glomeruli from human and rodent kidneys amenable for electrophysiological, Ca2+ imaging, and omics studies. Analysis of the basic electrophysiological parameters of major K+ and Na+ channels expressed in human cortical collecting ducts revealed that they exhibited similar biophysical properties as previously reported in rodent studies. Using vibrodissociation for nephron segment isolation has several advantages over existing techniques: it is less labor intensive, requires little to no enzymatic treatment, and produces large quantities of well-preserved experimental material in pure fractions. Applying this method for the separation of nephron segments from human and rodent kidneys may be a powerful tool for the indepth assessment of kidney function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Isaeva
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Fedoriuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Bohovyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Christine A Klemens
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sherif Khedr
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Daria Golosova
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ashraf El-Meanawy
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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10
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Wu H, Uchimura K, Donnelly EL, Kirita Y, Morris SA, Humphreys BD. Comparative Analysis and Refinement of Human PSC-Derived Kidney Organoid Differentiation with Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:869-881.e8. [PMID: 30449713 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells have great utility for investigating organogenesis and disease mechanisms and, potentially, as a replacement tissue source, but how closely organoids derived from current protocols replicate adult human kidney is undefined. We compared two directed differentiation protocols by single-cell transcriptomics of 83,130 cells from 65 organoids with single-cell transcriptomes of fetal and adult kidney cells. Both protocols generate a diverse range of kidney cells with differing ratios, but organoid-derived cell types are immature, and 10%-20% of cells are non-renal. Reconstructing lineage relationships by pseudotemporal ordering identified ligands, receptors, and transcription factor networks associated with fate decisions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its cognate receptor NTRK2 were expressed in the neuronal lineage during organoid differentiation. Inhibiting this pathway improved organoid formation by reducing neurons by 90% without affecting kidney differentiation, highlighting the power of single-cell technologies to characterize and improve organoid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kohei Uchimura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erinn L Donnelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yuhei Kirita
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samantha A Morris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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11
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Imasawa T, Obre E, Bellance N, Lavie J, Imasawa T, Rigothier C, Delmas Y, Combe C, Lacombe D, Benard G, Claverol S, Bonneu M, Rossignol R. High glucose repatterns human podocyte energy metabolism during differentiation and diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2016; 31:294-307. [PMID: 27825100 PMCID: PMC5161522 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600293r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes play a key role in diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis, but alteration of their metabolism remains unknown in human kidney. By using a conditionally differentiating human podocyte cell line, we addressed the functional and molecular changes in podocyte energetics during in vitro development or under high glucose conditions. In 5 mM glucose medium, we observed a stepwise activation of oxidative metabolism during cell differentiation that was characterized by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α)–dependent stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, with concomitant reduction of the glycolytic enzyme content. Conversely, when podocytes were cultured in high glucose (20 mM), stepwise oxidative phosphorylation biogenesis was aborted, and a glycolytic switch occurred, with consecutive lactic acidosis. Expression of the master regulators of oxidative metabolism transcription factor A mitochondrial, PGC-1α, AMPK, and serine–threonine liver kinase B1 was altered by high glucose, as well as their downstream signaling networks. Focused transcriptomics revealed that myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) expression was inhibited by high glucose levels, and endoribonuclease-prepared small interfering RNA–mediated combined inhibition of those transcription factors phenocopied the glycolytic shift that was observed in high glucose conditions. Accordingly, a reduced expression of MEF2C, MYF5, and PGC-1α was found in kidney tissue sections that were obtained from patients with diabetic nephropathy. These findings obtained in human samples demonstrate that MEF2C-MYF5–dependent bioenergetic dedifferentiation occurs in podocytes that are confronted with a high-glucose milieu.—Imasawa, T., Obre, E., Bellance, N., Lavie, J., Imasawa, T., Rigothier, C., Delmas, Y., Combe, C., Lacombe, D., Benard, G., Claverol, S., Bonneu, M., Rossignol, R. High glucose repatterns human podocyte energy metabolism during differentiation and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Imasawa
- Kidney Center, National Hospital Organization Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Emilie Obre
- INSERM Unité 1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism, and Genetics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Cellomet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadège Bellance
- INSERM Unité 1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism, and Genetics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Lavie
- INSERM Unité 1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism, and Genetics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tomoko Imasawa
- INSERM Unité 1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism, and Genetics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Rigothier
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, and Dialysis, Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France; and
| | - Yahsou Delmas
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, and Dialysis, Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France; and
| | - Christian Combe
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, and Dialysis, Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France; and
| | - Didier Lacombe
- INSERM Unité 1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism, and Genetics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Benard
- INSERM Unité 1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism, and Genetics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Center of Functional Genomics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Bonneu
- Center of Functional Genomics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- INSERM Unité 1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism, and Genetics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Cellomet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
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12
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Breljak D, Ljubojević M, Hagos Y, Micek V, Balen Eror D, Vrhovac Madunić I, Brzica H, Karaica D, Radović N, Kraus O, Anzai N, Koepsell H, Burckhardt G, Burckhardt BC, Sabolić I. Distribution of organic anion transporters NaDC3 and OAT1-3 along the human nephron. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F227-38. [PMID: 27053689 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00113.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial step in renal secretion of organic anions (OAs) is mediated by transporters in the basolateral membrane (BLM). Contributors to this process are primary active Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9), secondary active Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter 3 (NaDC3/SLC13A3), and tertiary active OA transporters (OATs) OAT1/SLC22A6, OAT2/SLC22A7, and OAT3/SLC22A8. In human kidneys, we analyzed the localization of these transporters by immunochemical methods in tissue cryosections and isolated membranes. The specificity of antibodies was validated with human embryonic kidney-293 cells stably transfected with functional OATs. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was immunolocalized to the BLM along the entire human nephron. NaDC3-related immunostaining was detected in the BLM of proximal tubules and in the BLM and/or luminal membrane of principal cells in connecting segments and collecting ducts. The thin and thick ascending limbs, macula densa, and distal tubules exhibited no reactivity with the anti-NaDC3 antibody. OAT1-OAT3-related immunostaining in human kidneys was detected only in the BLM of cortical proximal tubules; all three OATs were stained more intensely in S1/S2 segments compared with S3 segment in medullary rays, whereas the S3 segment in the outer stripe remained unstained. Expression of NaDC3, OAT1, OAT2, and OAT3 proteins exhibited considerable interindividual variability in both male and female kidneys, and sex differences in their expression could not be detected. Our experiments provide a side-by-side comparison of basolateral transporters cooperating in renal OA secretion in the human kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ljubojević
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yohannes Hagos
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vedran Micek
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Balen Eror
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vrhovac Madunić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Brzica
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Karaica
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Radović
- Department of Urology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ognjen Kraus
- University Hospital Sisters of Mercy, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; and
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Burckhardt
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgitta C Burckhardt
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;
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13
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Fanni D, Gerosa C, Vinci L, Ambu R, Dessì A, Eyken PV, Fanos V, Faa G. Interstitial stromal progenitors during kidney development: here, there and everywhere. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3815-20. [PMID: 26866875 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1147553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the renal interstitium has been identified as the site of multiple cell types, giving rise to multiple contiguous cellular networks with multiple fundamental structural and functional roles. Few studies have been carried out on the morphological and functional properties of the stromal/interstitial renal cells during the intrauterine life. This work was aimed at reviewing the peculiar features of renal interstitial stem/progenitor cells involved in kidney development. The origin of the renal interstitial progenitor cells remains unknown. During kidney development, besides the Six2 + cells of the cap mesenchyme, a self-renewing progenitor population, characterized by the expression of Foxd1, represents the first actor of the non-nephrogenic lineage. Foxd1 + interstitial progenitors originate the cortical and the renal medullary interstitial progenitors. Here, the most important stromal/interstitial compartments present in the developing human kidney will be analyzed: capsular stromal cells, cortical interstitial cells, medullary interstitial cells, the interstitium inside the renal stem cell niche, Hilar interstitial cells and Ureteric interstitial cells. Data reported here indicate that the different interstitial compartments of the developing kidney are formed by different cell types that characterize the different renal areas. Further studies are needed to better characterize the different pools of renal interstitial progenitors and their role in human nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fanni
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Clara Gerosa
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Laura Vinci
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Rossano Ambu
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Angelica Dessì
- b Department of Surgical Sciences , NICU Center and Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy , and
| | - Peter Van Eyken
- c Department of Pathology , University Hospitals, KU , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- b Department of Surgical Sciences , NICU Center and Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy , and
| | - Gavino Faa
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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14
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Martina MN, Noel S, Saxena A, Bandapalle S, Majithia R, Jie C, Arend LJ, Allaf ME, Rabb H, Hamad ARA. Double-Negative αβ T Cells Are Early Responders to AKI and Are Found in Human Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1113-23. [PMID: 26315532 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of AKI, and previous studies established important roles for conventional CD4(+) T cells, natural killer T cells, and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs in AKI pathogenesis. We recently identified CD4(-)CD8(-) (double-negative; DN) T cells as an important subset of αβ T cell receptor-positive cells residing in mouse kidney. However, little is known about the pathophysiologic functions of kidney DN T cells. In this study, we phenotypically and functionally characterized murine kidney DN T cells in the steady state and in response to IRI. Unlike CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, DN T cells in the steady state expressed high levels of CD69, CD28, and CD40L; differentially expressed IL-27 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines; spontaneously proliferated at a very high rate; and suppressed in vitro proliferation of activated CD4(+) T cells. Within the first 3-24 hours after IRI, kidney DN T cells expanded significantly and upregulated expression of IL-10. In adoptive transfer experiments, DN T cells significantly protected recipients from AKI by an IL-10-dependent mechanism. DN T cells also made up a large fraction of the T cell compartment in human kidneys. Our results indicate that DN T cells are an important subset of the resident αβ(+) T cell population in the mammalian kidney and are early responders to AKI that have anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Mohamad E Allaf
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and
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15
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Huang Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Yan L, Pan D, Liang C, Liu Z. MRI quantification of non-Gaussian water diffusion in normal human kidney: a diffusional kurtosis imaging study. NMR Biomed 2015; 28:154-161. [PMID: 25392938 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) in normal human kidney and to report preliminary DKI measurements. Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Forty-two healthy volunteers underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scans with a 3-T MR scanner. b values of 0, 500 and 1000 s/mm(2) were adopted. Maps of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (D⊥), axial diffusivity (D||), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (K⊥) and axial kurtosis (K||) were produced. Three representative axial slices in the upper pole, mid-zone and lower pole were selected in the left and right kidney. On each selected slice, three regions of interest were drawn on the renal cortex and another three on the medulla. Statistical comparison was performed with t-test and analysis of variance. Thirty-seven volunteers successfully completed the scans. No statistically significant differences were observed between the left and right kidney for all metrics (p values in the cortex: FA, 0.114; MD, 0.531; D⊥, 0.576; D||, 0.691; MK, 0.934; K⊥, 0.722; K||, 0.891; p values in the medulla: FA, 0.348; MD, 0.732; D⊥, 0.470; D||, 0.289; MK, 0.959; K⊥, 0.780; K||, 0.287). Kurtosis metrics (MK, K||, K⊥) obtained in the renal medulla were significantly (p <0.001) higher than those in the cortex (0.552 ± 0.04, 0.637 ± 0.07 and 0.530 ± 0.08 in the medulla and 0.373 ± 0.04, 0.492 ± 0.06 and 0.295 ± 0.06 in the cortex, respectively). For the diffusivity measures, FA of the medulla (0.356 ± 0.03) was higher than that of the cortex (0.179 ± 0.03), whereas MD, D⊥ and D|| (mm(2) /ms) were lower in the medulla than in the cortex (3.88 ± 0.09, 3.50 ± 0.23 and 4.65 ± 0.29 in the cortex and 2.88 ± 0.11, 2.32 ± 0.20 and 3.47 ± 0.31 in the medulla, respectively). Our results indicate that DKI is feasible in the human kidney. We have reported the preliminary DKI measurements of normal human kidney that demonstrate well the non-Gaussian behavior of water diffusion, especially in the renal medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Graduate College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Lash LH, Putt DA, Benipal B. Multigenerational study of chemically induced cytotoxicity and proliferation in cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21348-65. [PMID: 25411799 PMCID: PMC4264229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cultures of human proximal tubular (hPT) cells are a useful experimental model to study transport, metabolism, cytotoxicity, and effects on gene expression of a diverse array of drugs and environmental chemicals because they are derived directly from the in vivo human kidney. To extend the model to investigate longer-term processes, primary cultures (P0) were passaged for up to four generations (P1-P4). hPT cells retained epithelial morphology and stained positively for cytokeratins through P4, although cell growth and proliferation successively slowed with each passage. Necrotic cell death due to the model oxidants tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) increased with increasing passage number, whereas that due to the selective nephrotoxicant S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (DCVC) was modest and did not change with passage number. Mitochondrial activity was lower in P2-P4 cells than in either P0 or P1 cells. P1 and P2 cells were most sensitive to DCVC-induced apoptosis. DCVC also increased cell proliferation most prominently in P1 and P2 cells. Modest differences with respect to passage number and response to DCVC exposure were observed in expression of three key proteins (Hsp27, GADD153, p53) involved in stress response. Hence, although there are some modest differences in function with passage, these results support the use of multiple generations of hPT cells as an experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence H Lash
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - David A Putt
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Bavneet Benipal
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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17
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Chan RW, Von Deuster C, Stoeck CT, Harmer J, Punwani S, Ramachandran N, Kozerke S, Atkinson D. High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging of the human kidneys using a free-breathing, multi-slice, targeted field of view approach. NMR Biomed 2014; 27:1300-12. [PMID: 25219683 PMCID: PMC4265306 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fractional anisotropy (FA) obtained by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to image the kidneys without any contrast media. FA of the medulla has been shown to correlate with kidney function. It is expected that higher spatial resolution would improve the depiction of small structures within the kidney. However, the achievement of high spatial resolution in renal DTI remains challenging as a result of respiratory motion and susceptibility to diffusion imaging artefacts. In this study, a targeted field of view (TFOV) method was used to obtain high-resolution FA maps and colour-coded diffusion tensor orientations, together with measures of the medullary and cortical FA, in 12 healthy subjects. Subjects were scanned with two implementations (dual and single kidney) of a TFOV DTI method. DTI scans were performed during free breathing with a navigator-triggered sequence. Results showed high consistency in the greyscale FA, colour-coded FA and diffusion tensors across subjects and between dual- and single-kidney scans, which have in-plane voxel sizes of 2 × 2 mm(2) and 1.2 × 1.2 mm(2) , respectively. The ability to acquire multiple contiguous slices allowed the medulla and cortical FA to be quantified over the entire kidney volume. The mean medulla and cortical FA values were 0.38 ± 0.017 and 0.21 ± 0.019, respectively, for the dual-kidney scan, and 0.35 ± 0.032 and 0.20 ± 0.014, respectively, for the single-kidney scan. The mean FA between the medulla and cortex was significantly different (p < 0.001) for both dual- and single-kidney implementations. High-spatial-resolution DTI shows promise for improving the characterization and non-invasive assessment of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W Chan
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Constantin Von Deuster
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Christian T Stoeck
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Jack Harmer
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Shonit Punwani
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College LondonLondon, UK
- Radiology Department, University College London HospitalsLondon, UK
| | - Navin Ramachandran
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College LondonLondon, UK
- Radiology Department, University College London HospitalsLondon, UK
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - David Atkinson
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College LondonLondon, UK
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18
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Knights KM, Rowland A, Miners JO. Renal drug metabolism in humans: the potential for drug-endobiotic interactions involving cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 76:587-602. [PMID: 23362865 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although knowledge of human renal cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and their role in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism is limited compared with hepatic drug and chemical metabolism, accumulating evidence indicates that human kidney has significant metabolic capacity. Of the drug metabolizing P450s in families 1 to 3, there is definitive evidence for only CYP 2B6 and 3A5 expression in human kidney. CYP 1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1 are not expressed in human kidney, while data for CYP 2C8, 2C9 and 3A4 expression are equivocal. It is further known that several P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and eicosanoids are expressed in human kidney, CYP 4A11, 4F2, 4F8, 4F11 and 4F12. With the current limited evidence of drug substrates for human renal P450s drug-endobiotic interactions arising from inhibition of renal P450s, particularly effects on arachidonic acid metabolism, appear unlikely. With respect to the UGTs, 1A5, 1A6, 1A7, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7 and 2B17 are expressed in human kidney, whereas UGT 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A8, 1A10, 2B10, 2B11 and 2B15 are not. The most abundantly expressed renal UGTs are 1A9 and 2B7, which play a significant role in the glucuronidation of drugs, arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and P450 derived arachidonic acid metabolites. Modulation by drug substrates (e.g. NSAIDs) of the intrarenal activity of UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 has the potential to perturb the metabolism of renal mediators including aldosterone, prostaglandins and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, thus disrupting renal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Knights
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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19
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Ramani P, Headford A, Sowa-Avugrah E, Hunt LP. Angiogenin expression in human kidneys and Wilms' tumours: relationship with hypoxia and angiogenic factors. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:115-25. [PMID: 23419171 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG) is a potent angiogenic factor that is up-regulated by hypoxia. ANG expression is well documented in normal tissues and in common tumours, but its expression has not been reported in the normal human kidney or in Wilms' tumours (WT). We examined ANG expression in WTs, human fetal kidney (FK) and childhood kidney (NK) samples and studied its relationship with microvascular density (MVD) and with three other hypoxia-induced angiogenic factors: lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and BHLHE40 (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor E40). Total ANG protein levels were significantly lower in WTs when compared with those in 15 matched-paired NKs. ANG immunoreactivity was observed in the glomeruli, proximal tubules and vessels in the FKs and NKs, indicating that ANG plays a physiological role in the human kidney. ANG cellular localization and distribution in 27 WTs reflected the pattern observed in the FKs. ANG colocalized with LDHA in the perinecrotic areas of untreated WTs suggesting up-regulation by hypoxia. There was a significant correlation between CD31-MVD and ANG-MVD. ANG, CD31, VEGFA and BHLHE40 mRNA levels were significantly lower in 15 WTs compared with matched-paired NKs. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses showed significant correlations between ANG and CD31, ANG and BHLHE40 mRNAs and a weaker relationship between ANG and VEGFA mRNAs. ANG expression in WTs recapitulates that seen during nephrogenesis, and correlation with CD31-MVDs and mRNAs is consistent with a contribution to angiogenesis in WTs. Our study contributes to the understanding of angiogenesis during development and in WTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Ramani
- Department of Histopathology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
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Lash LH, Putt DA, Cai H. Drug metabolism enzyme expression and activity in primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Toxicology 2008; 244:56-65. [PMID: 18055091 PMCID: PMC2225475 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously catalogued expression and activity of organic anion and cation, amino acid, and peptide transporters in primary cultures of human proximal tubular (hPT) cells to establish them as a cellular model to study drug transport in the human kidney [Lash, L.H., Putt, D.A., Cai, H., 2006. Membrane transport function in primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Toxicology 228, 200-218]. Here, we extend our analysis to drug metabolism enzymes. Expression of 11 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was determined with specific antibodies. CYP1B1, CYP3A4, and CYP4A11 were the only CYP enzymes readily detected in total cell extracts. These same CYP enzymes, as well as CYP3A5 and possibly CYP2D6, were detected in microsomes from confluent hPT cells, although expression levels varied among kidney samples. In agreement with Western blot data, only activity of CYP3A4/5 was detected among the enzyme activities measured. Expression of all three glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) known to be found in hPT cells, GSTA, GSTP, and GSTT, was readily detected. Variable expression of three sulfotransferases (SULTs), SULT1A3, SULT1E, and SULT2A1, and three UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT2B7, was also detected. When examined over the course of cell growth to confluence, expression of all enzymes was generally maintained at readily measurable levels, although they were often lower than in fresh tissue. These results indicate that primary cultures of hPT cells possess significant capacity to metabolize many classes of drugs, and can be used as an effective model to study drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence H Lash
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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Vittorelli A, Gauthier C, Michoudet C, Martin G, Baverel G. Characteristics of glutamine metabolism in human precision-cut kidney slices: a 13C-NMR study. Biochem J 2005; 387:825-34. [PMID: 15579133 PMCID: PMC1135014 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of glutamine, a physiological substrate of the human kidney, plays a major role in systemic acid-base homoeostasis. Not only because of the limited availability of human renal tissue but also in part due to the lack of adequate cellular models, the mechanisms regulating the renal metabolism of this amino acid in humans have been poorly characterized. Therefore given the renewed interest in their use, human precision-cut renal cortical slices were incubated in Krebs-Henseleit medium (118 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.18 mM KH2PO4, 1.18 mM MgSO4*7H2O, 24.9 mM NaHCO3 and 2.5 mM CaCl2*2H2O) with 2 mM unlabelled or 13C-labelled glutamine residues. After incubation, substrate utilization and product formation were measured by enzymatic and NMR spectroscopic methods. Glutamate accumulation tended to plateau but glutamine removal and ammonia, alanine and lactate production as well as flux through GLDH (glutamate dehydrogenase) increased to various extents with time for up to 4 h of incubation indicating the metabolic viability of the slices. Valproate, a stimulator of renal glutamine metabolism, markedly and in a dose-dependent fashion increased ammonia production. With [3-13C]glutamine as a substrate, and in the absence and presence of valproate, [13C]glutamate, [13C]alanine and [13C]lactate accounted for 81 and 96%, 34 and 63%, 30 and 46% of the glutamate, alanine and lactate accumulations measured enzymatically respectively. The slices also metabolized glutamine and retained their reactivity to valproate during incubations lasting for up to 48 h. These results demonstrate that, although endogenous metabolism substantially operates in the presence of glutamine, human precision-cut renal cortical slices are metabolically viable and strongly respond to the ammoniagenic effect of valproate. Thus, this experimental model is suitable for metabolic and pharmaco-toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vittorelli
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Métabolique et Rénale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 499, Faculté de Médecine R.T.H. Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Catherine Gauthier
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Métabolique et Rénale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 499, Faculté de Médecine R.T.H. Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Christian Michoudet
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Métabolique et Rénale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 499, Faculté de Médecine R.T.H. Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Guy Martin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Métabolique et Rénale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 499, Faculté de Médecine R.T.H. Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Gabriel Baverel
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Métabolique et Rénale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 499, Faculté de Médecine R.T.H. Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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