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Multitarget and suspect-screening of antimicrobials in vegetables samples: Uptake experiments and identification of transformation products. Food Chem 2024; 444:138643. [PMID: 38340504 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This work provided an accurate analytical method to perform a multitarget analysis of a variety of antimicrobials (AMs) including sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones and quinolones, one imidazole and one nitroimidazole, one triazole, one diaminopyridine and one derivative of Penicillium stoloniferum in vegetables. The analysis is performed using liquid-chromatography coupled to a low-resolution triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) to detect the target analytesor coupled to a high-resolution q-Orbitrap (HRMS) to monitor the formed transformation products (TPs). Both instruments were compared in terms of limits of quantification and matrix effect at the detection. The method was applied to determine the presence of AMs in organic and non-organic vegetables, where sulfadiazine and mycophenolic acid were detected. On the other hand, the transference of four AMs (trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, enrofloxacin, and chlortetracycline) from soils to lettuces was evaluated through controlled uptake experiments. The choice of AMs was based on the classification into different families, and on the fact that those AM families are the most frequently detected in the environment. In this case, each of the AMs with which the soils were contaminated were found in the exposed lettuces. Moreover, in both studies, specific TPs of the AMs were identified, posing the necessity of assessing their effects in relation to food and human safety.
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Observation of Seven Astrophysical Tau Neutrino Candidates with IceCube. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:151001. [PMID: 38682982 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.151001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We report on a measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos with 9.7 yr of IceCube data. Using convolutional neural networks trained on images derived from simulated events, seven candidate ν_{τ} events were found with visible energies ranging from roughly 20 TeV to 1 PeV and a median expected parent ν_{τ} energy of about 200 TeV. Considering backgrounds from astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos, and muons from π^{±}/K^{±} decays in atmospheric air showers, we obtain a total estimated background of about 0.5 events, dominated by non-ν_{τ} astrophysical neutrinos. Thus, we rule out the absence of astrophysical ν_{τ} at the 5σ level. The measured astrophysical ν_{τ} flux is consistent with expectations based on previously published IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux measurements and neutrino oscillations.
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Measurements of All-Particle Energy Spectrum and Mean Logarithmic Mass of Cosmic Rays from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:131002. [PMID: 38613275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurements of all-particle energy spectrum and mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays in the energy range of 0.3-30 PeV using data collected from LHAASO-KM2A between September 2021 and December 2022, which is based on a nearly composition-independent energy reconstruction method, achieving unprecedented accuracy. Our analysis reveals the position of the knee at 3.67±0.05±0.15 PeV. Below the knee, the spectral index is found to be -2.7413±0.0004±0.0050, while above the knee, it is -3.128±0.005±0.027, with the sharpness of the transition measured with a statistical error of 2%. The mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays is almost heavier than helium in the whole measured energy range. It decreases from 1.7 at 0.3 PeV to 1.3 at 3 PeV, representing a 24% decline following a power law with an index of -0.1200±0.0003±0.0341. This is equivalent to an increase in abundance of light components. Above the knee, the mean logarithmic mass exhibits a power law trend towards heavier components, which is reversal to the behavior observed in the all-particle energy spectrum. Additionally, the knee position and the change in power-law index are approximately the same. These findings suggest that the knee observed in the all-particle spectrum corresponds to the knee of the light component, rather than the medium-heavy components.
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[Diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in children]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2024; 62:363-367. [PMID: 38527508 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20231009-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the clinical manifestations, experiences in diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiological features, treatment and follow-up results was conducted in 11 children diagnosed with ACM at the center of congenital heart disease, Beijing anzhen hospital from May 2010 to March 2022. Results: A total of 11 patients aged 2 to 16 years, including 5 males and 6 females were diagnosed with ACM. The clinical manifestations included decreased activity tolerance (7 patients), heart failure (4 patients), syncope or sudden death (3 patients), palpitation (3 patients), and chest tightness and pain (3 patients). Electrocardiogram showed right bundle branch block in 9 cases, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in 4 cases, frequent premature ventricular contraction in 4 cases, ventricular pre-excitation in 1 case, left bundle branch block in 1 case, and first degree atrioventricular block in 2 cases. Echocardiography showed enlargement of the right heart, widening of the right ventricular outflow tract, and thinning and bulging of the local wall of the right ventricle with reduced pulsation. Ventricular thrombosis was found in 2 cases. Six children underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which mainly showed severe enlargement of the right heart, thin free wall of the right ventricle, decreased right heart function, enhanced right ventricular myocardium, and formation of right ventricular aneurysm. Two children underwent myocardial biopsy examination and presented with typical pathological changes of ACM. Genetic tests in five patients revealed DSG2 gene mutation in 2 cases, PKP2 gene mutation in 2 cases, and MYH6 gene mutation in 1 case. All patients received anti heart failure treatment and antiarrhythmic drugs. Two children received anticoagulant treatment due to ventricular thrombosis. Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 2 patients. Glenn procedure was performed in 4 patients, and heart transplantation was performed in 1 patient due to progressive heart failure. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 12 years. Two cases died of right heart failure, 6 cases had different degrees of heart failure, 1 case had intermittent chest tightness and pain, and 2 cases were stable. Conclusions: ACM is a progressive genetic cardiomyopathy characterized by decreased activity tolerance, cardiac failure and arrhythmia in pediatric patients. The diagnosis is mainly based on clinical manifestations, electrocardiogram, cardiac imaging changes, and genetic testing. Early detection, diagnosis, and personalized treatment can improve the prognosis.
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[Clinical and prognostic analysis of opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in children]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2024; 62:256-261. [PMID: 38378288 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20230911-00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the clinical and prognostic features of children with opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS). Methods: A total of 46 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of OMAS in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital from June 2015 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Centralized online consultations or telephone visits were conducted between June and August 2023. The data of the children during hospitalization and follow-up were collected, including clinical manifestations, assistant examination, treatment and prognosis. According to the presence or absence of tumor, the patients were divided into two groups. The chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Univariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to OMAS recurrence and prognosis. Results: There were 46 patients, with 25 males and the onset age of 1.5 (1.2, 2.4) years. Twenty-six (57%) patients were diagnosed with neuroblastoma during the course of the disease, and no patients were categorized into the high-risk group. A total of 36 patients (78%) were followed up for≥6 months, and all of them were treated with first-line therapy with glucocorticoids, gammaglobulin and (or) adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Among the 36 patients, 9 patients (25%) were treated with second-line therapy for ≥3 months, including rituximab or cyclophosphamide, and 17 patients (47%) received chemotherapy related to neuroblastoma. At the follow-up time of 4.2 (2.2, 5.5) years, 10 patients (28%) had relapsed of OMAS. The Mitchell and Pike OMS rating scale score at the final follow-up was 0.5 (0, 2.0). Seven patients (19%) were mildly cognitively behind their peers and 6 patients (17%) were severely behind. Only 1 patient had tumor recurrence during follow-up. The history of vaccination or infection before onset was more common in the non-tumor group than in the tumor group (55%(11/20) vs. 23%(6/26), χ²=4.95, P=0.026). Myoclonus occurred more frequently in the non-tumor group (40%(8/20) vs. 4%(1/26), χ²=7.23, P=0.007) as the onset symptom. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the tumor group had less recurrence (OR=0.19 (0.04-0.93), P=0.041). The use of second-line therapy or chemotherapy within 6 months of the disease course had a better prognosis (OR=11.64 (1.27-106.72), P=0.030). Conclusions: OMAS in children mostly starts in early childhood, and about half are combined with neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma in combination with OMAS usually has a low risk classification and good prognosis. When comparing patients with OMAS with and without tumors, the latter have a more common infection or vaccination triggers, and myoclonus, as the onset symptom, is more common. Early addition of second-line therapy is associated with better prognosis in OMAS.
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Constructing Heptazine-COF@TiO 2 Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Efficient Photodegradation of Acetaminophen under Visible Light. Chempluschem 2024:e202400139. [PMID: 38470161 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Constructing heterojunction photocatalysts are widely applied to boost the photocatalytic activity of materials. Here, a novel covalent organic framework (COF) material with heptazine units was developed and hybridized with TiO2 nano particles (NPs) to fabricate the Heptazine-COF@TiO2 photocatalysts for acetaminophen (AAP) photodegradation. The successfully assembled heptazine unit endows the Heptazine-COF with outstanding semiconductor property (optical bandgap is 2.53 eV). The synthesized Heptazine-COF@TiO2 hybrids is proved to have the heterojunction structure with high visible light activity and fast charge-carrier mobility, and exhibits better performance in photodegradation of AAP under visible light. The excellent photodegradation efficiency (rate constant: 0.758 min-1 ) and high reusability (rate constant: 0.452 min-1 in the 6th cycles) of the optimized sample outperform the traditional inorganic photocatalysts and other heterojunction photocatalysts. In addition, these photocatalysts present universal degradation activity for other dyes and antibiotics.
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Red cell distribution in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonology 2024; 30:34-42. [PMID: 35501276 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with increased mortality risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, limited data are available for critically ill patients with COPD. METHODS Data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III V1.4 database were analyzed in this retrospective cohort research. The International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify critically ill patients with COPD. The first value of RDW was extracted within the first 24 h after intensive care unit admission. The endpoint was 28-day all-cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between RDW and 28-day mortality. Age, sex, ethnicity, anemia status, comorbidities, clinical therapy, and disease severity score were considered for subgroup analysis. RESULTS A total of 2,344 patients were included with mean (standard deviation) age of 72.3 (11.3) years, in which 1,739 (53.6%) patients were men. The increase in RDW was correlated with an increased risk of 28-day mortality in the multivariate logistic regression model (odds ratio [OR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.21). In comparison with the low-RDW group, the middle and high-RDW groups tended to have higher risks of 28-day all-cause mortality (OR [95% CI] 1.03 [0.78-1.34]; OR [95% CI] 1.70 [1.29-2.22]; P trend < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses show no evidence of effect modifications on the correlation of RDW and 28-day all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION An increase in RDW was associated with an increased risk of 28-day all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with COPD. Further studies are required to investigate this association.
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Enhanced CO 2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward Ethylene on Pyrazolate-Stabilized Asymmetric Ni-Cu Hybrid Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26444-26451. [PMID: 37991477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess well-defined, designable structures, holding great potential in enhancing product selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) through active site engineering. Here, we report a novel MOF catalyst featuring pyrazolate-stabilized asymmetric Ni/Cu sites, which not only maintains structural stability under harsh electrochemical conditions but also exhibits extraordinarily high ethylene (C2H4) selectivity during CO2R. At a cathode potential of -1.3 V versus RHE, our MOF catalyst, denoted as Cu1Ni-BDP, manifests a C2H4 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 52.7% with an overall current density of 0.53 A cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte, surpassing that on prevailing Cu-based catalysts. More remarkably, the Cu1Ni-BDP MOF exhibits a stable performance with only 4.5% reduction in C2H4 FE during 25 h of CO2 electrolysis. A suite of characterization tools─such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, operando X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy─and density functional theory calculations collectively reveal that the cubic pyrazolate-metal coordination structure and the asymmetric Ni-Cu sites in the MOF catalyst synergistically facilitate the stable formation of C2H4 from CO2.
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Bacterial cellulose-based film with self-floating hierarchical porous structure for efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121324. [PMID: 37739511 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Interface solar water evaporation is a mean of rapidly evaporating water using solar energy. However, it is still a challenge to obtain solar evaporators with simple assembly, durability and high photothermal performance. Here, we demonstrated an effective post foaming strategy for treating nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/bacterial cellulose film (F-NRGO@BC) prepared by a simple in situ culture method. The composite film contains hierarchical porous structure and bubbles on the film, achieving an integrated self-floating interface evaporator with excellent light absorption (96.5 %) and high toughness (200.18 kJ m-3). Porous structure and low enthalpy of F-NRGO@BC make a high evaporation rate of 1.68 kg m-2 h-1 and a low thermal conductivity of 0.644 W m-1 K-1 to ensure effective energy efficiency and heat insulation. This design of controlling surface morphology and internal structure provides a novel way for large-scale preparation and high-performance evaporator.
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[Study on the current status and relationship between psychological capital and compassion fatigue with work engagement of clinical nurses]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2023; 41:818-824. [PMID: 38073208 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20221017-00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between clinical nurses' psychological capital, compassion fatigue with work engagement, and analyze the mediating effect of psychological capital between compassion fatigue and work engagement, so as to provide scientific evidence for reducing compassion fatigue and improving work engagement of clinical nurses. Methods: From December 2021 to February 2022, 494 clinical nurses from 7 general hospitals in Sichuan Province were selected for the study using convenience sampling. The General Information Questionnaire, the Compassion Fatigue Short Scale, the Work Engagement Short Scale and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire for Nurses were used to conduct the survey. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between compassion fatigue, work engagement and psychological capital. And stepwise regression analysis and Bootstrap method were used to analyze the effects of compassion fatigue and psychological capital on work engagement as well as the mediating effect of psychological capital between compassion fatigue and work engagement. Results: Of the 494 clinical nurses, 33 (6.7%) were male and 461 (93.3%) were female, with an average age of (31.47±6.89) years old and an average working years (9.87±7.61) years. The average scores of psychological capital, compassion fatigue and work engagement of clinical nurses were (5.01±0.76), (3.19±2.08) and (4.60±1.37) points, respectively. Compassion fatigue was negatively correlated with psychological capital and work engagement (r=-0.608, -0.580, P<0.001), and work engagement was positively correlated with psychological capital (r=0.771, P<0.001). Compassion fatigue and psychological capital together accounted for 61.3% of the variation in work engagement, with the direct effects on work engagement were -0.206 (95%CI: -0.283--0.138, P<0.001) and 0.677 (95%CI: 0.599-0.744, P=0.001), respectively. Psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between compassion fatigue and work engagement, with a mediating effect of -0.397 (95%CI: -0.456--0.340, P<0.001), accounting for 65.8% of the total effect. Conclusion: The work engagement of clinical nurses is at a high level. Managers should take targeted measures to alleviate the symptoms of clinical nurses' compassion fatigue, improve their psychological capital, and then stabilize and improve their level of work engagement.
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Measurement of Ultra-High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission of the Galactic Plane from 10 TeV to 1 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151001. [PMID: 37897763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The diffuse Galactic γ-ray emission, mainly produced via interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a very important probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. In this Letter, we report the measurements of diffuse γ rays from the Galactic plane between 10 TeV and 1 PeV energies, with the square kilometer array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Diffuse emissions from the inner (15°10 TeV). The energy spectrum in the inner Galaxy regions can be described by a power-law function with an index of -2.99±0.04, which is different from the curved spectrum as expected from hadronic interactions between locally measured cosmic rays and the line-of-sight integrated gas content. Furthermore, the measured flux is higher by a factor of ∼3 than the prediction. A similar spectrum with an index of -2.99±0.07 is found in the outer Galaxy region, and the absolute flux for 10≲E≲60 TeV is again higher than the prediction for hadronic cosmic ray interactions. The latitude distributions of the diffuse emission are consistent with the gas distribution, while the longitude distributions show clear deviation from the gas distribution. The LHAASO measurements imply that either additional emission sources exist or cosmic ray intensities have spatial variations.
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[Comparative analysis of seroepidemiological survey results of hepatitis B among people aged 1-69 years in Tibet Autonomous Region in 2014 and 2020]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2023; 44:1604-1609. [PMID: 37875448 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230327-00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B prevention and control in Tibet Autonomous Region by comparative analysis of the results of seroepidemiological surveys of hepatitis B in 2014 and 2020. Methods: The required sample size was calculated based on the estimated HBsAg positivity rates of permanent residents aged 1-4, 5-14, 15-29, and 30-69 years. A total of 7 163 people and 4 802 people were required in 2014 and 2020, respectively. The subjects were selected by stratified multistage cluster random sampling method, using questionnaires to obtain basic information, and 5 ml of venous blood was collected from each subject to detect HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc, and rechecked the HBsAg positive samples. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the survey results, calculate the positive rate and 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 7 069 people were investigated in 2014 and 4 913 people in 2020. In 2020, the positive rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc was 9.20% (452/4 913), 37.11% (1 823/4 913), and 32.75% (1 609/4 913), respectively, and decreased by 22.95%, 15.54%, and 1.92% as compared with the rate in 2014. The positive rate of HBsAg of people aged 1-, 5-, 15- and 30-69 years in 2020 was 2.23% (8/358), 2.85% (20/701), 6.86% (69/1 006) and 12.46%(355/2 848), respectively, decreased by 61.82%, 62.75%, 54.81% and 24.21% as compared with the rate in 2014. The positive rate of anti-HBs of people aged 1-4 years was 52.79% (189/358), 10.30% increased compared with 2014; for people aged 5-, 15-, and 30-69 years was 32.67% (229/701), 37.67% (379/1 006) and 36.03%(1 026/2 848), respectively, decreased by 20.84%, 14.13% and 16.52% as compared with the rate in 2014. The positive rate of anti-HBc of people aged 1-, 5-, 15-, 30-69 years was 4.19% (15/358), 6.42%(45/701), 21.07% (212/1 006), and 46.95% (1 337/2 848), respectively, decreased by 59.63%, 58.93%, 50.49%, and 12.10% as compared with the rate in 2014. Conclusions: The prevention and control of hepatitis B in Tibet have made partial achievements. The prevalence of HBsAg among people aged 1-69 years in 2020 had declined compared with 2014, but it is still at a high epidemic level. People have a high risk of HBV infection for a low level of anti-HBs. It is necessary to strengthen the vaccination of hepatitis B further and effectively implement the strategy of blocking mothers and children of the hepatitis B virus.
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[Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis with autoimmune hepatitis: a case report and literature review]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2023; 61:637-641. [PMID: 37385808 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20230112-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatments of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis with autoimmune hepatitis in children. Methods: A child who had chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis with autoimmune hepatitis was admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of the Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics at April 2022. The clinical data was retrospectively analyzed. Using the keywords of "chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis""autoimmune hepatitis" in Chinese and English, the literature from database establishment to December 2022 in CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database and Pubmed was searched. Combined with this case, the clinical characteristics and treatment of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis combined with autoimmune hepatitis were analyzed. Results: A 5 years and 3 months girl was admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics for "transaminase elevated for 1 year and swelling of right maxillofacial area for half a year". The physical examinations at admission found a 4.0 cm × 4.0 cm swelling area with tenderness before the right ear, abdominal distention with visible abdominal wall vein, firm and enlarged liver (10.0 cm below the xiphoid and 4.5 cm below the right ribs), and splenomegaly (Line Ⅰ 10.0 cm, Line Ⅱ 11.5 cm, and Line Ⅲ 25.0 cm). There was no redness, swelling or restriction of the limbs. Laboratory examination found abnormal liver function with alanine aminotransferase 118 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 227 U/L, γ-glutamyltransferase 360 U/L, and positive direct anti-human globulin test; immunology test found immunoglobulin G 41.60 g/L and a homogeneous type of antinuclear antibody of 1∶1 000; the autoimmune hepatitis antibody test found a positive anti-smooth muscle antibody (1∶100). Liver biopsy showed moderate interfacial inflammation and the patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis (International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group 19). The imaging findings showed extensive involvement of the bilateral mandible, while the right side was severe. There were expansile bone changes, thinning of the bone cortex, and significant swelling of the surrounding soft tissue in the mandibular body, mandibular angle, and mandibular ramus. After treatment of glucocorticoid, the swelling of the right maxillofacial region disappeared and the transaminase returned to normal. Only one case was reported before in English and none in Chinese. The two cases were both girls whose main clinical features were joint pain and swelling. The previous case started with pain in both knee joints, and developed liver injury during treatment while this case had liver injury as the initial clinical presentation. Besides, the affected sites and degrees of arthritis in the 2 cases were different. After glucocorticoid treatment, the clinical symptoms were alleviated, and transaminases returned to normal. Conclusions: Chronic non bacterial osteomyelitis may involve the liver and manifest as autoimmune hepatitis. Glucocorticoids therapy is effective.
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Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane. Science 2023; 380:1338-1343. [PMID: 37384687 DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, is unknown. Because of deflection by interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays produced within the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, cosmic rays interact with matter near their sources and during propagation, which produces high-energy neutrinos. We searched for neutrino emission using machine learning techniques applied to 10 years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By comparing diffuse emission models to a background-only hypothesis, we identified neutrino emission from the Galactic plane at the 4.5σ level of significance. The signal is consistent with diffuse emission of neutrinos from the Milky Way but could also arise from a population of unresolved point sources.
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A tera-electron volt afterglow from a narrow jet in an extremely bright gamma-ray burst. Science 2023:eadg9328. [PMID: 37289911 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have a tera-electron volt (TeV) afterglow, but the early onset of this has not been observed. We report observations with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory of the bright GRB 221009A, which serendipitously occurred within the instrument field of view. More than 64,000 photons >0.2 TeV were detected within the first 3000 seconds. The TeV flux began several minutes after the GRB trigger, then rose to a peak about 10 seconds later. This was followed by a decay phase, which became more rapid ~650 seconds after the peak. We interpret the emission using a model of a relativistic jet with half-opening angle ~0.8°. This is consistent with the core of a structured jet and could explain the high isotropic energy of this GRB.
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[Research progress on mosaic embryo transfer and pregnancy risk]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2023; 57:949-954. [PMID: 37357218 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221014-00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Mosaic embryos contain two or more genetically distinct cell lines, which can be detected by pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. At present, it has been reported that mosaic embryo transfer can lead to healthy live births. In order to prevent severe adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as implantation failure, abortion, congenital malformation and neonatal death after implantation of mosaic embryos, it is critical to carry out genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy supervision for mosaic embryo transfer. This article reviews the selection of mosaic embryos, the pregnancy outcomes of mosaic embryo transfer, and the safety of offspring, in order to provide references for the clinical practice of mosaic embryo transfer.
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[Activated PI3Kδ syndrome caused by PIK3CD gene mutation complicated with germ cell tumor in a child]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2023; 61:562-564. [PMID: 37312472 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20221012-00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Bacterial cellulose-based hydrogel with antibacterial activity and vascularization for wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120647. [PMID: 36813339 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin wounds need an appropriate wound dressing to help prevent bacterial infection and accelerate wound closure. Bacterial cellulose (BC) with a three-dimensional (3D) network structure is an important commercial dressing. However, how to effectively load antibacterial agents and balance the antibacterial activity is a lingering issue. Herein, this study aims to develop a functional BC hydrogel containing silver-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) antibacterial agent. The tensile strength of the prepared biopolymer dressing is >1 MPa, the swelling property is over 3000 %, the temperature can reach 50 °C in 5 min with near-infrared (NIR) and the release of Ag+ and Zn2+ is stable. In vitro investigation shows that the hydrogel displays enhanced antibacterial activity, and the bacteria survival ratios are only 0.85 % and 0.39 % against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In vitro cell experiments present that BC/polydopamine/ZIF-8/Ag (BC/PDA/ZIF-8/Ag) shows satisfactory biocompatibility and promising angiogenic ability. In vivo study, the full-thickness skin defect on rats demonstrates remarkably wound healing ability and accelerated skin re-epithelialization. This work presents a competitive functional dressing with effective antibacterial properties and accelerative angiogenesis activities for wound repair.
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Abstract
Periodontitis comprises a series of inflammatory responses resulting in alveolar bone loss. The suppression of osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) by inflammation is responsible for impaired alveolar bone regeneration, which remains an ongoing challenge for periodontitis therapy. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) belongs to the family of deubiquitinating enzymes, which was found to play roles in inflammation previously. In this study, the upregulation of UCHL1 was identified in inflamed PDLSCs isolated from periodontitis patients and in healthy PDLSCs treated with tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-1β, and the higher expression level of UCHL1 was accompanied with the impaired osteogenesis of PDLSCs. Then UCHL1 was inhibited in PDLSCs using the lentivirus or inhibitor, and the osteogenesis of PDLSCs suppressed by inflammation was rescued by UCHL1 inhibition. Mechanistically, the negative effect of UCHL1 on the osteogenesis of PDLSCs was attributable to its negative regulation of mitophagy-dependent bone morphogenetic protein 2/Smad signaling pathway in periodontitis-associated inflammation. Furthermore, a ligature-induced murine periodontitis model was established, and the specific inhibitor of UCHL1 was administrated to periodontitis mice. The histological results showed increased active osteoblasts on alveolar bone surface and enhanced alveolar bone regeneration when UCHL1 was inhibited in periodontitis mice. Besides, the therapeutic effects of UCHL1 inhibition on ameliorating periodontitis were verified, as indicated by less bone loss and reduced inflammation. Altogether, our study proved UCHL1 to be a key negative regulator of the osteogenesis of PDLSCs in periodontitis and suggested that UCHL1 inhibition holds promise for alveolar bone regeneration in periodontitis treatment.
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Modified Spatially Confined Strategy Enabled Mild Growth Kinetics for Facile Growth Management of Atomically-Thin Tungsten Disulfides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205638. [PMID: 36446619 PMCID: PMC9875684 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been widely used to produce high quality 2D transitional metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs). However, violent evaporation and large diffusivity discrepancy of metal and chalcogen precursors at elevated temperatures often result in poor regulation on X:M molar ratio (M = Mo, W etc.; X = S, Se, and Te), and thus it is rather challenging to achieve the desired products of 2D TMDCs. Here, a modified spatially confined strategy (MSCS) is utilized to suppress the rising S vapor concentration between two aspectant substrates, upon which the lateral/vertical growth of 2D WS2 can be selectively regulated via proper S:W zones correspond to greatly broadened time/growth windows. An S:W-time (SW-T) growth diagram was thus proposed as a mapping guide for the general understanding of CVD growth of 2D WS2 and the design of growth routes for the desired 2D WS2 . Consequently, a comprehensive growth management of atomically thin WS2 is achieved, including the versatile controls of domain size, layer number, and lateral/vertical heterostructures (MoS2 -WS2 ). The lateral heterostructures show an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction performance. This study advances the substantial understanding to the growth kinetics and provides an effective MSCS protocol for growth design and management of 2D TMDCs.
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Constraints on Heavy Decaying Dark Matter from 570 Days of LHAASO Observations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:261103. [PMID: 36608208 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.261103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The kilometer square array (KM2A) of the large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO) aims at surveying the northern γ-ray sky at energies above 10 TeV with unprecedented sensitivity. γ-ray observations have long been one of the most powerful tools for dark matter searches, as, e.g., high-energy γ rays could be produced by the decays of heavy dark matter particles. In this Letter, we present the first dark matter analysis with LHAASO-KM2A, using the first 340 days of data from 1/2-KM2A and 230 days of data from 3/4-KM2A. Several regions of interest are used to search for a signal and account for the residual cosmic-ray background after γ/hadron separation. We find no excess of dark matter signals, and thus place some of the strongest γ-ray constraints on the lifetime of heavy dark matter particles with mass between 10^{5} and 10^{9} GeV. Our results with LHAASO are robust, and have important implications for dark matter interpretations of the diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino emission.
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FAM83A promotes the progression and metastasis of human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 46:1115-1130. [PMID: 36344884 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Family with sequence similarity 83, member A (FAM83A) has been reported to play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role and mechanism of FAM83A in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). METHODS PanNET specimens and adjacent nontumor pancreatic tissues obtained from 68 patients who underwent curative surgery for PanNETs were assessed for FAM83A expression using immunochemical staining. The relationships between FAM83A expression, clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were statistically analyzed. PanNET cell lines were used to study the role of FAM83A in the progression and metastasis of PanNETs in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS FAM83A was overexpressed in PanNET specimens compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. Furthermore, FAM83A expression was closely associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02), perineural invasion (P = 0.001), WHO classification (P = 0.039), AJCC stage (P = 0.01) and shorter disease-free survival in patients with PanNETs (P < 0.001). FAM83A overexpression effectively promoted PanNET cell proliferation, migration, invasion and growth both in vitro and in vivo, whereas FAM83A inhibition exerted the opposite effects. Subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that FAM83A promotes the progression and metastasis of PanNETs by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways. CONCLUSIONS FAM83A plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of PanNET by inducing the EMT via the activation of the ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways and may serve as a valuable molecular target in PanNET treatment.
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Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Science 2022; 378:538-543. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy’s active core. We searched for neutrino emission from astrophysical objects using data recorded with the IceCube neutrino detector between 2011 and 2020. The positions of 110 known gamma-ray sources were individually searched for neutrino detections above atmospheric and cosmic backgrounds. We found that NGC 1068 has an excess of
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neutrinos at tera–electron volt energies, with a global significance of 4.2σ, which we interpret as associated with the active galaxy. The flux of high-energy neutrinos that we measured from NGC 1068 is more than an order of magnitude higher than the upper limit on emissions of tera–electron volt gamma rays from this source.
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Advanced Bacterial Cellulose Ionic Conductors with Gigantic Thermopower for Low-Grade Heat Harvesting. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8152-8160. [PMID: 36219168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductors such as polymer electrolytes and ionic liquids have high thermoelectric voltages several orders of magnitude higher than electronic thermoelectric materials, while their conductivity is much lower than the latter. This work reports a novel approach to achieve high-performance ionic conductors using calcium ion (Ca2+) coordinated bacterial cellulose (CaBC) through molecular channel engineering. Through the coordination of Ca2+ with cellulose molecular chain, the distance between the cellulose molecular chains is widened, so that ions can transport along the cellulose molecular chain. Therefore, we reported ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) material based on CaBC/NaCl with a relatively high ionic Seebeck coefficient of -27.2 mV K-1 and high ionic conductivity of 204.2 mS cm-1. This ionic hydrogel is promising in the design of high-thermopower i-TE materials for low-grade heat energy harvesting.
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Search for Unstable Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:151801. [PMID: 36269964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for an unstable sterile neutrino by looking for a resonant signal in eight years of atmospheric ν_{μ} data collected from 2011 to 2019 at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Both the (stable) three-neutrino and the 3+1 sterile neutrino models are disfavored relative to the unstable sterile neutrino model, though with p values of 2.8% and 0.81%, respectively, we do not observe evidence for 3+1 neutrinos with neutrino decay. The best-fit parameters for the sterile neutrino with decay model from this study are Δm_{41}^{2}=6.7_{-2.5}^{+3.9} eV^{2}, sin^{2}2θ_{24}=0.33_{-0.17}^{+0.20}, and g^{2}=2.5π±1.5π, where g is the decay-mediating coupling. The preferred regions of the 3+1+decay model from short-baseline oscillation searches are excluded at 90% C.L.
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Association of usual walking with mortality in oldest old adults aged 85 years and older: a nationwide senior cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Current guidelines recommend moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) for health benefit in adults. However, it is difficult to meet the recommended minimum MVPA in “oldest old” aged over 85. Although walking is simple and easy exercise for oldest old, research on the association between walking and mortality in oldest old are lacking.
Purpose
To investigate the association between walking and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among older adults aged 85 years and older.
Methods
7047 participants aged 85 or older underwent the Korean National Health Screening Program, including self-administered questionnaire for physical activity. Reported frequency per week of walking for at least 30 minutes increment was used to classify hours of walking per week. We computed multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for walking and mutually adjusted for MVPA in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Results
The proportions of participants who engaged in walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity were 42.5% (2996/7047), 14.7% (1037/7047) and 11.0% (773/7047), respectively. Only 7.6% (538/7047) of participants met the guidelines recommended minimum MVPA. Compared to inactive individuals, those who walked at least 1 hour per week had lower all-cause (HR 0.60 [95% CI, 0.50–0.74]) and cardiovascular mortality risk (HR 0.61 [95% CI, 0.42–0.89]). Walking 1 hour per week was still significant associated with reduction of risk for all-cause (HR 0.50 [95% CI, 0.40–0.61]) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.46 [95% CI, 0.30–0.70]) among participants who reported only walking without any MVPA.
Conclusions
1 hour a week of walking might be of benefit for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in aged over 85 years, even without MVPA. Promoting walking may be a way to help oldest old avoid inactivity and encourage an active lifestyle for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk reduction.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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197 Deep Learning-Based Scoring of Pulmonary Congestion for BLUSHED AHF Trial. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reconstruction of Cherenkov image by multiple telescopes of LHAASO-WFCTA. RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-022-00342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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In Situ Reconstructed Zn doped Fe x Ni (1- x ) OOH Catalyst for Efficient and Ultrastable Oxygen Evolution Reaction at High Current Densities. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203710. [PMID: 35961949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing FeOOH as a robust electrocatalyst for high output oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains challenging due to its low conductivity and dissolvability in alkaline conditions. Herein, it is demonstrated that the robust and high output Zn doped NiOOH-FeOOH (Zn-Fex Ni(1-x) )OOH catalyst can be derived by electro-oxidation-induced reconstruction from the pre-electrocatalyst of Zn modified Ni metal/FeOOH film supported by nickel foam (NF). In situ Raman and ex situ characterizations elucidate that the pre-electrocatalyst undergoes dynamic reconstruction occurring on both the catalyst surface and underneath metal support during the OER process. That involves the Fe dissolution-redeposition and the merge of Zn doped FeOOH with in situ generated NiOOH from NF support and NiZn alloy nanoparticles. Benefiting from the Zn doping and the covalence interaction of FeOOH-NiOOH, the reconstructed electrode shows superior corrosion resistance, and enhanced catalytic activity as well as bonding force at the catalyst-support interface. Together with the feature of superaerophobic surface, the reconstructed electrode only requires an overpotential of 330 mV at a high-current-density of 1000 mA cm-2 and maintains 97% of its initial activity after 1000 h. This work provides an in-depth understanding of electrocatalyst reconstruction during the OER process, which facilitates the design of high-performance OER catalysts.
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Strategies for Designing High-Performance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts at Large Current Densities above 1000 mA cm -2. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11577-11597. [PMID: 35952364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuels and rapidly increasing environmental concerns have urgently called for the utilization of clean and sustainable sources for future energy supplies. Hydrogen (H2) is recognized as a prioritized green resource with little environmental impact to replace traditional fossil fuels. Electrochemical water splitting has become an important method for large-scale green production of hydrogen. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is the cathodic half-reaction of water splitting that can be promoted to produce pure H2 in large quantities by active electrocatalysts. However, the unsatisfactory performance of HER electrocatalysts cannot follow the extensive requirements of industrial-scale applications, including working efficiently and stably over long periods of time at high current densities (⩾1000 mA cm-2). In this review, we study the crucial issues when electrocatalysts work at high current densities and summarize several categories of strategies for the design of high-performance HER electrocatalysts. We also discuss the future challenges and opportunities for the development of HER catalysts.
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[Xenon post-conditioning protects against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by downregulating mTOR pathway and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal apoptosis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1256-1262. [PMID: 36073227 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.08.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether xenon post-conditioning affects mTOR signaling as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-apoptosis pathway in rats with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS Fifty male rats were randomized equally into sham-operated group (Sham group), I/R model group (I/R group), I/R model+ xenon post-conditioning group (Xe group), I/R model+rapamycin (a mTOR signaling pathway inhibitor) treatment group (I/R+ Rapa group), and I/R model + xenon post- conditioning with rapamycin treatment group (Xe + Rapa group).. In the latter 4 groups, SCIRI was induced by clamping the abdominal aorta for 85 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h. Rapamycin (or vehicle) was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection (4 mg/kg) for 3 days before SCIRI, and xenon post-conditioning by inhalation of 1∶1 mixture of xenon and oxygen for 1 h at 1 h after initiation of reperfusion; the rats without xenon post-conditioning were given inhalation of nitrogen and oxygen (1∶ 1). After the reperfusion, motor function and histopathologic changes in the rats were examined. Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of GRP78, ATF6, IRE1α, PERK, mTOR, p-mTOR, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the spinal cord. RESULTS The rats showed significantly lowered hind limb motor function following SCIRI (P < 0.01) with a decreased count of normal neurons, increased mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, ATF6, IRE1α, PERK, and caspase-3, and elevated p-mTOR/mTOR ratio and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P < 0.01). Xenon post-conditioning significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of GRP78, ATF6, IRE1α, PERK and caspase-3 (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and reduced p-mTOR/mTOR and Bax/Bcl-2 ratios (P < 0.01) in rats with SCIRI; the mRNA contents and protein levels of GRP78 and ATF6 were significantly decreased in I/R+Rapa group (P < 0.01). Compared with those in Xe group, the rats in I/R+Rapa group and Xe+Rapa had significantly lowered BBB and Tarlov scores of the hind legs (P < 0.01), and caspase-3 protein level and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were significantly lowered in Xe+Rapa group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). CONCLUSION By inhibiting ERS and neuronal apoptosis, xenon post- conditioning may have protective effects against SCIRI in rats. The mTOR signaling pathway is partially involved in this process.
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Results on photon-mediated dark-matter–nucleus interactions from the PICO-60
C3F8
bubble chamber. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.042004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Strong Constraints on Neutrino Nonstandard Interactions from TeV-Scale ν_{μ} Disappearance at IceCube. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:011804. [PMID: 35841552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.011804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a search for nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) using eight years of TeV-scale atmospheric muon neutrino data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By reconstructing incident energies and zenith angles for atmospheric neutrino events, this analysis presents unified confidence intervals for the NSI parameter ε_{μτ}. The best-fit value is consistent with no NSI at a p value of 25.2%. With a 90% confidence interval of -0.0041≤ε_{μτ}≤0.0031 along the real axis and similar strength in the complex plane, this result is the strongest constraint on any NSI parameter from any oscillation channel to date.
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[Two children of autoimmune enteropathy]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2022; 60:596-597. [PMID: 35658370 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20211027-00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Hierarchically Designed Three-Dimensional Composite Structure on a Cellulose-Based Solar Steam Generator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12284-12294. [PMID: 35254828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emerging water purification technology represented by solar water evaporation has developed rapidly in recent years and is widely used in seawater desalination. However, the high reflectivity of sunlight and low efficiency of photothermal conversion greatly hinder its application prospects. In this paper, the hierarchical structure of the film was designed and optimized by the addition of carbon materials in the process of bacterial cellulose culture. A cellulose-based composite film material with a microporous structure was obtained, which can improve the photothermal evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency from the structural principle to improve the stability of floating on the water. Bacterial cellulose (BC) as a three-dimensional carrier was combined with one-dimensional and two-dimensional (1D/2D) compounds of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to form composite films for solar evaporation. By the addition of CNT-RGO (21.8 wt %), the composite showed prominent photothermal evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency properties. Through in situ culture of BC, not only a tight structure can be obtained but also the surface of BC contains a large number of hydroxyl groups, which have many active sites to load photothermal materials. BC nanofibers, CNT, and RGO cooperate to form a porous network structure, which provides continuous double channels for the rapid transmission of water molecules and light paths, so as to form an excellent photothermal layer. The photothermal conversion efficiency is 90.2%, and the photothermal evaporation rate is 1.85 kg m-2 h-1 to achieve efficient solar interface evaporation. This is a high level of photothermal properties in a cellulose-based solar steam generator. The superior photothermal performance of this hybrid film possesses scalability and desalination ability.
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[Correlation between professional quality of life and social support of Chinese nurses: a meta-analysis]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2022; 40:122-126. [PMID: 35255579 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20201201-00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the correlation between professional quality of life and social support of Chinese nurses based on Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Methods: In databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Medline, CBM, CNKI、Wanfang, and other databases were searched by computer for the literatures on correlation between Chinese nurses' professional quality of life and social support from January 2005 to July 2020. The Chinese and English search terms are "nurse" "professional quality of life" "empathy satisfaction" "empathy fatigue" "professional quality of life" "ProQOL" "comparison satisfaction" "comparison fatigue" "social support" "competent social support" "SSRS" "PSSS", etc. Literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After evaluating quality and extracting data, meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 12 studies were included. The meta analysis showed that nurses' compassion satisfaction, burnout, secondary traumatic stress were related to social support, summary r were 0.35, -0.26 and -0.23 respectively. The correlation between compassion satisfaction and social support were increased with sample, the south was higher than the north, and comprehensive departments were higher than other departments (P<0.05) . The correlation between burnout and social support were increased with time and sample, and the south was higher than the north, oncology was higher than others, non-random sampling was higher than random sampling, using ProQOL and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) was higher than Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) and Social Support Racting Scale (SSRS) (P<0.05) . The correlation coefficient between secondary traumatic stress and social support in oncology was higher than others, random sampling was higher than non-random sampling, using ProQOL and PSSS was higher than ProQOL and SSRS (P<0.05) . Conclusion: There is a positive and weak correlation between compassion satisfaction and social support, and a negative and weak correlation between burnout and secondary traumatic stress and social support. There are differences in different time, research design, region and department.
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[The effectiveness of psychological intervention on nursing staff' compassion fatigue: a meta-analysis]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2022; 40:39-45. [PMID: 35255561 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20201027-00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the impact of psychological intervention on nursing staff' compassion fatigue. Methods: From March to May 2020, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and other databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the influence of psychological intervention on nursing staff' compassion fatigue with the main search terms including compassion fatigue, nurs*, psychological intervention, mental intervention, RCT and so on from inception to March 31, 2020. Screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. The Stata 16.0 software was used to calculate the pooled effectiveness of psychological intervention on nursing staff' compassion fatigue. Results: All 13 RCTs were enrolled, including 940 nursing staff. Meta-analysis results demonstrated that the psychological intervention group was superior to the control group in the improvement of the compassion fatigue score (SMD=-0.96, 95%CI: -1.17-0.74, P=0.001) , compassion satisfaction score (SMD=0.61, 95%CI: 0.45-0.77, P=0.002) , burnout score (SMD=-0.46, 95%CI: -0.62-0.29, P=0.006) , secondary trauma score (SMD=-0.40, 95%CI: -0.68-0.12, P=0.020) , and the difference was statistically significant. Subgroup analysis found that the psychological intervention group was more effective than the control group in improving compassion satisfaction score, reducing burnout score and secondary trauma score, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) in different intervention time (<8 weeks and ≥8 weeks) and intervention methods. Conclusion: The psychological intervention can improve the level of compassion satisfaction, and reduce the compassion fatigue among nursing staff, and have a certain preventive effect on compassion fatigue.
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Establishment of prediction models for COVID-19 patients in different age groups based on Random Forest algorithm. QJM 2022; 114:795-801. [PMID: 34668535 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic. Age is an independent factor in death from the disease, and predictive models to stratify patients according to their mortality risk are needed. AIM To compare the laboratory parameters of the younger (≤70) and the elderly (>70) groups, and develop death prediction models for the two groups according to age stratification. DESIGN A retrospective, single-center observational study. METHODS This study included 437 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China, 2020. Epidemiological information, laboratory data and outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between elderly patients and younger patients. First, recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to select the optimal subset. Then, two random forest (RF) algorithms models were built to predict the prognoses of COVID-19 patients and identify the optimal diagnostic predictors for patients' clinical prognoses. RESULTS Comparisons of the laboratory data of the two age groups revealed many different laboratory indicators. RFE was used to select the optimal subset for analysis, from which 11 variables were screened out for the two groups. The RF algorithm were built to predict the prognoses of COVID-19 patients based on the best subset, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) of the two groups is 0.874 (95% CI: 0.833-0.915) and 0.842 (95% CI: 0.765-0.920). CONCLUSION Two prediction models for COVID-19 were developed in the patients with COVID-19 based on random forest algorithm, which provides a simple tool for the early prediction of COVID-19 mortality.
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Λ_{c}^{+} Production and Baryon-to-Meson Ratios in pp and p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:202301. [PMID: 34860039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ_{c}^{+} and the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} ratio with increasing transverse momentum (p_{T}) in both collision systems in the range 2<p_{T}<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavor baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K_{S}^{0}. At low p_{T}, predictions that include additional color-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-color approximation, assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states, or include hadronization via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e^{+}e^{-} and e^{-}p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this Letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
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Long-Term Outcome and Failure Patterns in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer After Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy: A Multi-Institutional Analysis Update Data. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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[Clinical features and treatment efficacy of infantile renal tumors: a multicenter retrospective study]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2021; 59:836-840. [PMID: 34587679 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210413-00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To further understand the clinical features, treatment efficacy and risk factors for poor prognosis in infantile-onset renal tumors. Methods: Clinical data of 45 cases of infantile-onset renal tumors from June 2011 to November 2019 in Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Tongren Hospital and Beijing Shijitan Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features were summarized and the prognoses were evaluated. Multi-disciplinary diagnosis and treatment was used, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the overall survival rate and the event-free survival rate, while the chi-square test was used to analyze the risk factors for poor prognosis. Results: Among 45 patients, 24 were males and 21 females. The age of onset was 7 (ranged 3-11) months, and the length of tumor at initial diagnosis was 9.7 (ranged 4.9-25.0)cm. The International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) staging: 5 cases (11%) were in stage Ⅰ, 22 cases in stage Ⅱ (49%), 8 cases in stage Ⅲ (18%), 6 cases in stage Ⅳ (13%), and 4 cases in stage Ⅴ (9%). Risk groups included 5 cases (11%) in the low-risk group, 22 cases (49%) in the intermediate-risk group, and 18 cases (40%) in the high-risk group. Forty-four cases (98%) did not receive preoperative biopsy, 26 cases (58%) received preoperative chemotherapy, 39 cases (87%) received postoperative chemotherapy, and 2 cases (4%) received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. The 5-year overall survival rate was (83±7)%, and the 5-year event-free survival rate was (76±8)%. Hematuria as the first symptom (3/8 vs. 83% (30/36), χ²=7.005, P=0.024), tumor long diameter≤8 cm (5/11 vs. 85% (28/33), χ²=5.606, P=0.027) and high-risk pathological group (7/18 vs.100% (26/26), χ²=21.928, P<0.01) were risk factors for poor prognosis of children with renal tumors in this group. Conclusion: The prognosis of children with infantile-onset renal tumors is fairly well, nevertheless the prognosis is poor in patients with hematuria as the first symptom and in high-risk pathological group.
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Screening of engineered Pichia pastoris mutant with enhanced production of a functional rFIP-glu protein and investigating its potential bioactivities. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:770-778. [PMID: 34597432 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An engineered Pichia pastoris GS115 with a FIP-glu gene was mutated using ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and a high-throughput screening method was established for screening of high-yield strains. Meanwhile, a preliminary study was conducted to determine the bioactivity of the rFIP-glu. Based on OD600 value and the mortality of engineered P. pastoris GS115, the best UV irradiation time was determined. Bradford method and SDS-PAGE method were employed to analyze the concentration and yield of rFIP-glu. Melanoma B16 cells were employed to evaluate the biological activities of rFIP-glu in vitro. Results showed that the protein yield of the best mutant #4-336 screened from 3680 mutant strains increased from 242 to 469 μg ml-1 . In vitro assays of biological activity indicated that rFIP-glu had significant toxicity and possessed the ability to affect melanin content and enhance tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. In conclusion, an effective high-throughput screening approach was established for screening mutant strains. The screened mutant possesses a good ability to enhance the production of rFIP-glu, and recombinant proteins display a better biological activity on melanoma B16 cells. The engineered P. pastoris mutant seems promising as a potential source for industrial production of rFIP-glu and should be a candidate industrial strain for further study.
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347 IL-33 deficiency protects skin from ulcer formation in ischemia-reperfusion-induced decubitus mouse model. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Multiharmonic Correlations of Different Flow Amplitudes in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:092302. [PMID: 34506195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.092302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. We find that different three-harmonic correlations develop during the collective evolution of the medium when compared to correlations that exist in the initial state. These new results cannot be interpreted in terms of previous lower-order flow measurements since contributions from two-harmonic correlations are explicitly removed in the new observables. A comparison to Monte Carlo simulations provides new and independent constraints for the initial conditions and system properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions.
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Manganese promoted wheat straw decomposition by regulating microbial communities and enzyme activities. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1079-1090. [PMID: 34424586 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the dose-effect of manganese (Mn) addition on wheat straw (WS) decomposition, and explored the potential mechanisms of Mn involved in the acceleration of WS decomposition in regards to the soil microbial communities and enzyme activities. METHODS AND RESULTS A 180-day incubation experiment was performed to examine the decomposition of WS under four Mn levels, that is, 0, 0.25, 1 and 2 mg g-1 . The effects of microbial communities and enzyme activities were evaluated using control (0 mg g-1 ) and Mn (0.25 mg g-1 ) treatments. Our results revealed that Mn (0.25 mg g-1 ) addition significantly increased WS decomposition, and enhanced the release of carbon and nitrogen. Optimal Mn addition (0.25 mg g-1 ) also caused significant increases in the activity of neutral xylanase (NEX), laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) within the incubation period. Mn (0.25 mg g-1 ) addition also enriched some operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that, in turn, had the potential ability to decompose crop straw, such as secreting lignocellulolytic enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Mn (0.25 mg g-1 ) could promote WS decomposition through enrichment of the microbial species involved in biomass decomposition, which enhanced the lignocellulose-degrading enzyme activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides evidence for Mn to promote WS biodegradation after Mn application, opening new windows to improve the utilization efficiency of crop residues.
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P–757 The risk of aspirin and prednisone using in women with antithyroid antibodies undergoing assisted reproductive technology. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Is it safe using aspirin (A) and prednisone (P) before pregnancy among women with antithyroid antibodies (ATAbs) undergoing assisted reproductive technology?
Summary answer
Combination therapy of aspirin and prednisone didn’t improve likelihood of clinical pregnancy, but increased miscarriage rate.
What is known already
Compared with women with negative-ATAb, women with positive-ATAb had a lower live birth rate and a higher miscarriage rate. Insufficient evidence existed to determine whether aspirin and prednisone therapy improved the success of pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology (ART) in ATAb-positive euthyroid women. Aspirin and prednisone were used frequently in clinical practice, but the use of these medicines before pregnancy during ART process is still controversial, and the risks of these medicines were not well understood.
Study design, size, duration
A prospective study involving 268 women with unexplained reason for infertility who tested positive for antithyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) and/or thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were being treated for infertility at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Jinhua from October 2017 to July 2020. Their TSH level ranged from 0.35–4.0mIU/ml and they all underwent fresh embryo transfer.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Overall, a total of 268 ATAb-positive women were divided 2 groups: group A: no treatment; B: A+P. Both medicines were used in the lowest effective dose. Between the two groups, we measured oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, blastulation rate, cleavage rate,implantation rate, likelihood of clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rate. Kruskal-Wallis test was used in nonnormally distributed variables, and the χ2 test or Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical variables.
Main results and the role of chance
A total of 268 infertile women with unexplained reason who tested positive for TPOAb and/or TgAb were recruited in our study. According to assignment, they were divided into two groups. All women in different groups had the similar age, BMI, number of miscarriage and duration of infertility. Levels of FSH, AMH, TSH, FT4, FT3, fibrinogen and d-dimer were similar in all groups. The use of A+P reduced cleavage rate (F = 23.982, P < 0.001) and implantation rate (F = 4.388, P = 0.036). The fertilization rate (P = 0.407), high-quality embryo rate (P = 0.208) and blastulation rate (P = 0.157) were not influenced by the use of medication. In this study, likelihood of clinical pregnancy (P = 0.066) did not change significantly after therapy, and miscarriage rate (P = 0.042) increased after medical treatment.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Firstly, Aspirin is just one representation of anticoagulation therapy, so additional consideration of low molecular heparin should also be considered. Secondly, further randomized controlled trials of aspirin and prednisone alone are needed.
Wider implications of the findings: In this study, use of A+P showed no positive effect, and reduced cleavage rate and implantation rate, while increased miscarriage rate. So, the use of medication for interfile women should be cautious.
Trial registration number
n/a
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[A multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial of compound wild chrysanthemum eye masks for mild and moderate dry eye]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 57:601-607. [PMID: 34344121 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210413-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of compound wild chrysanthemum eye masks for mild and moderate dry eye. Methods: In this double-masked, multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, middle-aged and elderly patients with mild and moderate dry eye were enrolled from six hospitals (Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hebei Eye Hospital). The patients were assigned to the compound wild chrysanthemum eye mask group and the eye mask simulator group based on the random number table. Subjective symptoms of dry eye, visual acuity, break-up time (BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test, and corneal fluorescent staining were evaluated in all patients before treatment and at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment. All adverse reactions during the treatment and follow-up were recorded. Results: A total of 120 patients were enrolled. Among them, 112 subjects were included for statistical analyses after the exclusion of 8 subjects who were lost for follow-up or had an adverse event, with an age of (54.26±7.44) years. All the indicators were equally comparable between the two groups. Before treatment and at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, the median (lower quartile, upper quartile) of total score of questionnaires in the eye mask group was 14.50 (10.00, 19.00), 9.00 (5.00, 14.00) and 7.00 (4.00, 10.00), respectively, and that in the control group was 14.00 (9.00, 22.50), 12.00 (6.00, 20.00) and 10.00 (3.50, 17.00), respectively. The score decreased significantly in both groups after 1 week (t=9.1604, S=398.00; P<0.01) and 2 weeks (S=681.00, 575.50; P<0.05) of treatment. The total score of questionnaires in the eye mask group was significantly lower than that in the control group (Z=3.27, 2.81; P<0.05) after treatment. After 1 week of treatment, the average BUT of the eye mask group was (5.71±2.31) s, which was significantly longer than that before treatment (5.06±2.00) s (S =208.50, P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in the control group (S=150.00, P>0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, there was statistically significant difference in BUT between the two groups (S=407.00, t=3.07; P<0.01). After 1 week of the treatment, the amount of tear secretion in the eye mask group [(6.88±4.78) mm] was significantly larger than that before treatment (S=196.50, P<0.05), while the control group [(6.80±5.85) mm] showed no significant difference (S=55.00, P<0.05). After 2 weeks of the treatment, the amount increased significantly to (7.43±4.86) mm and (7.29±4.56) mm, respectively, in both groups (t=-3.29, -2.26; P<0.05). The difference in the average BUT, Schirmer Ⅰ test result and corneal fluorescent staining between both groups was not statistically significant at each time point. Five mild adverse events occurred, including 2 adverse events (2 times, 3.51%) in the eye mask group and 3 adverse events (4 times, 5.36%) in the control group. Conclusions: Compound wild chrysanthemum eye masks can effectively improve the symptoms and physical signs of mild and moderate dry eye and can be used as an auxiliary treatment. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 601-607).
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NiCoS x@Cobalt Carbonate Hydroxide Obtained by Surface Sulfurization for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Evolution at Large Current Densities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35647-35656. [PMID: 34283575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing earth-abundant, active, and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) at large current densities has remained challenging. Herein, heterostructured nickel foam-supported cobalt carbonate hydroxide nanoarrays embellished with NiCoSx nanoflakes (NiCoSx@CoCH NAs/NF) are designed via room-temperature sulfurization, which can drive 10 and 1000 mA cm-2 at low overpotentials of 55 and 438 mV for HER and exhibit impressive long-term stability at the industrial-level current density. Surprisingly, NiCoSx@CoCH NAs/NF after a 500 h stability test at 500 mA cm-2 exhibit better catalytic performance than the initial one at high current densities. Simulations showed that NiCoSx@CoCH NAs have an optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH*) of 0.02 eV, owing to the synergistic effect of CoCH (ΔGH* = 1.36 eV) and NiCoSx (ΔGH* = 0.03 eV). The electric field at the heterostructure interface leads to electron transport from CoCH to NiCoSx, which enhances HER dynamics. The hierarchical nanostructure has a large specific area and a superaerophobic surface, which are beneficial to hydrogen generation/release for efficient and stable HER.
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Soft-Dielectron Excess in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:042302. [PMID: 34355943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of dielectron production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC, is presented in this Letter. The data set was recorded with a reduced magnetic solenoid field. This enables the investigation of a kinematic domain at low dielectron (ee) invariant mass m_{ee} and pair transverse momentum p_{T,ee} that was previously inaccessible at the LHC. The cross section for dielectron production is studied as a function of m_{ee}, p_{T,ee}, and event multiplicity dN_{ch}/dη. The expected dielectron rate from hadron decays, called hadronic cocktail, utilizes a parametrization of the measured η/π^{0} ratio in pp and proton-nucleus collisions, assuming that this ratio shows no strong dependence on collision energy at low transverse momentum. Comparison of the measured dielectron yield to the hadronic cocktail at 0.15<m_{ee}<0.6 GeV/c^{2} and for p_{T,ee}<0.4 GeV/c indicates an enhancement of soft dielectrons, reminiscent of the "anomalous" soft-photon and soft-dilepton excess in hadron-hadron collisions reported by several experiments under different experimental conditions. The enhancement factor over the hadronic cocktail amounts to 1.61±0.13(stat)±0.17(syst,data)±0.34(syst,cocktail) in the ALICE acceptance. Acceptance-corrected excess spectra in m_{ee} and p_{T,ee} are extracted and compared with calculations of dielectron production from hadronic bremsstrahlung and thermal radiation within a hadronic many-body approach.
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Abstract No. 185 Impact of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy on dialysis catheter fibrin sheath formation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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