1
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Wagstaffe M, Dominguez-Castro A, Wenthaus L, Palutke S, Kutnyakhov D, Heber M, Pressacco F, Dziarzhytski S, Gleißner H, Gupta VK, Redlin H, Dominguez A, Frauenheim T, Rubio A, Stierle A, Noei H. Photoinduced Dynamics at the Water/TiO_{2}(101) Interface. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:108001. [PMID: 36962043 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a femtosecond time-resolved optical pump-soft x-ray probe photoemission study in which we follow the dynamics of charge transfer at the interface of water and anatase TiO_{2}(101). By combining our observation of transient oxygen O 1s core level peak shifts at submonolayer water coverages with Ehrenfest molecular dynamics simulations we find that ultrafast interfacial hole transfer from TiO_{2} to molecularly adsorbed water is completed within the 285 fs time resolution of the experiment. This is facilitated by the formation of a new hydrogen bond between an O_{2c} site at the surface and a physisorbed water molecule. The calculations fully corroborate our experimental observations and further suggest that this process is preceded by the efficient trapping of the hole at the surface of TiO_{2} by hydroxyl species (-OH), that form following the dissociative adsorption of water. At a water coverage exceeding a monolayer, interfacial charge transfer is suppressed. Our findings are directly applicable to a wide range of photocatalytic systems in which water plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagstaffe
- Centre for X-ray and Nanoscience (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Dominguez-Castro
- Bremen Center for Computational Material Science (BCCMS), University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lukas Wenthaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85 D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Palutke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85 D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmytro Kutnyakhov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85 D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Heber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85 D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Federico Pressacco
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85 D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Helena Gleißner
- Centre for X-ray and Nanoscience (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstr. 9-11, D-20355, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Kristin Gupta
- Bremen Center for Computational Material Science (BCCMS), University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Harald Redlin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85 D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriel Dominguez
- Bremen Center for Computational Material Science (BCCMS), University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science and Applied Research Institute (CSAR), 518110, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), 100193, Beijing, China
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU- 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Material Science (BCCMS), University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science and Applied Research Institute (CSAR), 518110, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU- 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York 10010, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Centre for X-ray and Nanoscience (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstr. 9-11, D-20355, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Centre for X-ray and Nanoscience (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Kohantorabi M, Wagstaffe M, Creutzburg M, Ugolotti A, Kulkarni S, Jeromin A, Krekeler T, Feuerherd M, Herrmann A, Ebert G, Protzer U, Guédez G, Löw C, Thuenauer R, Schlueter C, Gloskovskii A, Keller TF, Di Valentin C, Stierle A, Noei H. Adsorption and Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on the Surface of Anatase TiO 2(101). ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:8770-8782. [PMID: 36723177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current pandemic, on the surface of the model catalyst TiO2(101) using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, accompanied by density functional theory calculations. Three different methods were employed to inactivate the virus after it was loaded on the surface of TiO2(101): (i) ethanol, (ii) thermal, and (iii) UV treatments. Microscopic studies demonstrate that the denatured spike proteins and other proteins in the virus structure readsorb on the surface of TiO2 under thermal and UV treatments. The interaction of the virus with the surface of TiO2 was different for the thermally and UV treated samples compared to the sample inactivated via ethanol treatment. AFM and TEM results on the UV-treated sample suggested that the adsorbed viral particles undergo damage and photocatalytic oxidation at the surface of TiO2(101) which can affect the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and denature the spike proteins in 30 min. The role of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated in the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and TiO2(101). The presence of Pd NPs enhanced the adsorption of the virus due to the possible interaction of the spike protein with the NPs. This study is the first investigation of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the surface of single crystalline TiO2(101) as a potential candidate for virus deactivation applications. Clarification of the interaction of the virus with the surface of semiconductor oxides will aid in obtaining a deeper understanding of the chemical processes involved in photoinactivation of microorganisms, which is important for the design of effective photocatalysts for air purification and self-cleaning materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kohantorabi
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Michael Wagstaffe
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Marcus Creutzburg
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Aldo Ugolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - Satishkumar Kulkarni
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Arno Jeromin
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Alexander Herrmann
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Gabriela Guédez
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christian Löw
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Roland Thuenauer
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy and Image Analysis (TP MIA), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlueter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Andrei Gloskovskii
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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3
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Shipilin M, Degerman D, Lömker P, Goodwin CM, Rodrigues GLS, Wagstaffe M, Gladh J, Wang HY, Stierle A, Schlueter C, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A, Amann P. In Situ Surface-Sensitive Investigation of Multiple Carbon Phases on Fe(110) in the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. ACS Catal 2022; 12:7609-7621. [PMID: 35815066 PMCID: PMC9254136 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Carbide formation
on iron-based catalysts is an integral and, arguably,
the most important part of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process,
converting CO and H2 into synthetic fuels and numerous
valuable chemicals. Here, we report an in situ surface-sensitive study
of the effect of pressure, temperature, time, and gas feed composition
on the growth dynamics of two distinct iron–carbon phases with
the octahedral and trigonal prismatic coordination of carbon sites
on an Fe(110) single crystal acting as a model catalyst. Using a combination
of state-of-the-art X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at an unprecedentedly
high pressure, high-energy surface X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry,
and theoretical calculations, we reveal the details of iron surface
carburization and product formation under semirealistic conditions.
We provide a detailed insight into the state of the catalyst’s
surface in relation to the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Shipilin
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Degerman
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Lömker
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Wagstaffe
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörgen Gladh
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, 94305 California, United States
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stierle
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlueter
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Amann
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Wagstaffe M, Wenthaus L, Dominguez-Castro A, Chung S, Lana Semione GD, Palutke S, Mercurio G, Dziarzhytski S, Redlin H, Klemke N, Yang Y, Frauenheim T, Dominguez A, Kärtner F, Rubio A, Wurth W, Stierle A, Noei H. Ultrafast Real-Time Dynamics of CO Oxidation over an Oxide Photocatalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Wenthaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg D-22607, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
| | | | - Simon Chung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg D-22607, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik Universität Hamburg, Hamburg D-20355, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Harald Redlin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg D-22607, Germany
| | - Nicolai Klemke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
| | - Yudong Yang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Material Science (BCCMS), Bremen D-28359, Germany
- Computational Science and Applied Research Institute (CSAR), Shenzhen 518110, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Adriel Dominguez
- Bremen Center for Computational Material Science (BCCMS), Bremen D-28359, Germany
- Computational Science and Applied Research Institute (CSAR), Shenzhen 518110, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), Beijing 100193, China
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Franz Kärtner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York 10010, United States
| | - Wilfried Wurth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg D-22607, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik Universität Hamburg, Hamburg D-20355, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg D-22607, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik Universität Hamburg, Hamburg D-20355, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg D-22607, Germany
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5
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Grånäs E, Arndt B, Seitz C, Wagstaffe M, Stierle A. Atomic scale step structure and orientation of a curved surface ZnO single crystal. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:074705. [PMID: 32087665 DOI: 10.1063/1.5138909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the surface structure of a curved ZnO-crystal, going from the (0001)-facet at 0° miscut to the (101¯4)-facet at a miscut of 24.8° using scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction. We find that the surface separates locally into (0001)-terraces and (101¯4)-facets, where the ratio between the facets depends on the miscut angle. In X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) the intensity of an O 1s component scaling with the step density of the surface is observed. No other facets were observed and the surface maintains a high degree of order over all angles. Such a curved ZnO crystal can be used for systematic studies relating the step density to the chemical reactivity using XPS to probe the curved surface at different positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Grånäs
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Arndt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Seitz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Domènech B, Plunkett A, Kampferbeck M, Blankenburg M, Bor B, Giuntini D, Krekeler T, Wagstaffe M, Noei H, Stierle A, Ritter M, Müller M, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Schneider GA. Modulating the Mechanical Properties of Supercrystalline Nanocomposite Materials via Solvent-Ligand Interactions. Langmuir 2019; 35:13893-13903. [PMID: 31580678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Supercrystalline nanocomposite materials with micromechanical properties approaching those of nacre or similar structural biomaterials can be produced by self-assembly of organically modified nanoparticles and further strengthened by cross-linking. The strengthening of these nanocomposites is controlled via thermal treatment, which promotes the formation of covalent bonds between interdigitated ligands on the nanoparticle surface. In this work, it is shown how the extent of the mechanical properties enhancement can be controlled by the solvent used during the self-assembly step. We find that the resulting mechanical properties correlate with the Hansen solubility parameters of the solvents and ligands used for the supercrystal assembly: the hardness and elastic modulus decrease as the Hansen solubility parameter of the solvent approaches the Hansen solubility parameter of the ligands that stabilize the nanoparticles. Moreover, it is shown that self-assembled supercrystals that are subsequently uniaxially pressed can deform up to 6 %. The extent of this deformation is also closely related to the solvent used during the self-assembly step. These results indicate that the conformation and arrangement of the organic ligands on the nanoparticle surface not only control the self-assembly itself but also influence the mechanical properties of the resulting supercrystalline material. The Hansen solubility parameters may therefore serve as a tool to predict what solvents and ligands should be used to obtain supercrystalline materials with good mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Malte Blankenburg
- Institute of Materials Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , 21502 Geesthacht , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Heshmat Noei
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Fachbereich Physik , Universität Hamburg , 20355 Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Martin Müller
- Institute of Materials Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , 21502 Geesthacht , Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
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7
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Wagstaffe M, Hussain H, Taylor M, Murphy M, Silikas N, Thomas AG. Interaction of a tripeptide with titania surfaces: RGD adsorption on rutile TiO 2(110) and model dental implant surfaces. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 105:110030. [PMID: 31546374 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of peptides on metal oxides is an area of significant interest, both fundamentally and in a number of technologically important areas. These range from the integration of biomaterials in the body, to denaturation of protein therapeutics and the use of biomolecules and bioinspired materials in synthesis and stabilization of novel nanomaterials. Here we present a study of the tripeptide arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) on the surfaces of vacuum-prepared single crystalline TiO2(110), pyrocatechol-capped TiO2(110), and model SLA and SLActive dental implant samples. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy show that the RGD adsorption mode on the single crystal is consistent with bonding through the deprotonated carboxylate groups of the peptide to surface Ti atoms of the substrate. Despite the increased hydrophobicity of the pyrocatechol-capped TiO2(110) surface RGD adsorption from solution increases following this surface treatment. RGD adsorption on SLA and SLActive surfaces shows that the SLActive surface has a greater uptake of RGD. The RGD uptake on the pyrocatechol capped single crystal and the model implant surfaces suggest that the ease with which surface contaminant hydrocarbons are removed from the surface has a greater influence on peptide adsorption than hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagstaffe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford, Road, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hadeel Hussain
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Mark Taylor
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Matthew Murphy
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew G Thomas
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; The Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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8
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Belsey NA, Cant DJH, Minelli C, Araujo JR, Bock B, Brüner P, Castner DG, Ceccone G, Counsell JDP, Dietrich PM, Engelhard MH, Fearn S, Galhardo CE, Kalbe H, Won Kim J, Lartundo-Rojas L, Luftman HS, Nunney TS, Pseiner J, Smith EF, Spampinato V, Sturm JM, Thomas AG, Treacy JP, Veith L, Wagstaffe M, Wang H, Wang M, Wang YC, Werner W, Yang L, Shard AG. Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards Interlaboratory Study on Measuring the Thickness and Chemistry of Nanoparticle Coatings Using XPS and LEIS. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2016; 120:24070-24079. [PMID: 27818719 PMCID: PMC5093768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards) inter-laboratory study on the measurement of the shell thickness and chemistry of nanoparticle coatings. Peptide-coated gold particles were supplied to laboratories in two forms: a colloidal suspension in pure water and; particles dried onto a silicon wafer. Participants prepared and analyzed these samples using either X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or low energy ion scattering (LEIS). Careful data analysis revealed some significant sources of discrepancy, particularly for XPS. Degradation during transportation, storage or sample preparation resulted in a variability in thickness of 53 %. The calculation method chosen by XPS participants contributed a variability of 67 %. However, variability of 12 % was achieved for the samples deposited using a single method and by choosing photoelectron peaks that were not adversely affected by instrumental transmission effects. The study identified a need for more consistency in instrumental transmission functions and relative sensitivity factors, since this contributed a variability of 33 %. The results from the LEIS participants were more consistent, with variability of less than 10 % in thickness and this is mostly due to a common method of data analysis. The calculation was performed using a model developed for uniform, flat films and some participants employed a correction factor to account for the sample geometry, which appears warranted based upon a simulation of LEIS data from one of the participants and comparison to the XPS results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. H. Cant
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW,
UK
| | - Caterina Minelli
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW,
UK
| | - Joyce R. Araujo
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia
(INMETRO), Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais (Dimat) Avenida Nossa Senhora das
Graças, 50 Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Bernd Bock
- Tascon GmbH, Mendelstr. 17, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical
Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195-1653, USA
| | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health
and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Paul M. Dietrich
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM
6.1), Unter den Eichen 44-46, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark H. Engelhard
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352,
USA
| | - Sarah Fearn
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South
Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Carlos E. Galhardo
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia
(INMETRO), Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais (Dimat) Avenida Nossa Senhora das
Graças, 50 Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Henryk Kalbe
- Kratos Analytical Ltd., Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road,
Manchester M17 1GP, UK
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267
Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Luis Lartundo-Rojas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Nanociencias y
Micro y Nanotecnologías, UPALM, Zacatenco, México D.F. CP. 07738,
México
| | - Henry S. Luftman
- Surface Analysis Facility, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive,
Bethlehem, PA 18015. USA
| | - Tim S. Nunney
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Unit 24, The Birches Industrial
Estate, Imberhorne Lane, East Grinstead, West Sussex, RH19 1UB, UK
| | - Johannes Pseiner
- Institut fuer Angewandte Physik, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstr
8-10, A 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emily F. Smith
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, School of Chemistry,
University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Valentina Spampinato
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical
Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195-1653, USA
| | - Jacobus M. Sturm
- Industrial Focus Group XUV Optics, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew G. Thomas
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jon P.W. Treacy
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Unit 24, The Birches Industrial
Estate, Imberhorne Lane, East Grinstead, West Sussex, RH19 1UB, UK
| | - Lothar Veith
- Tascon GmbH, Mendelstr. 17, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Wagstaffe
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hai Wang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, P. R.
China
| | - Meiling Wang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, P. R.
China
| | | | - Wolfgang Werner
- Institut fuer Angewandte Physik, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstr
8-10, A 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University,
Suzhou, China
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9
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Belsey NA, Cant DJH, Minelli C, Araujo JR, Bock B, Brüner P, Castner DG, Ceccone G, Counsell JDP, Dietrich PM, Engelhard MH, Fearn S, Galhardo CE, Kalbe H, Won Kim J, Lartundo-Rojas L, Luftman HS, Nunney TS, Pseiner J, Smith EF, Spampinato V, Sturm JM, Thomas AG, Treacy JPW, Veith L, Wagstaffe M, Wang H, Wang M, Wang YC, Werner W, Yang L, Shard AG. Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards Interlaboratory Study on Measuring the Thickness and Chemistry of Nanoparticle Coatings Using XPS and LEIS. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2016; 120:24070-24079. [PMID: 27818719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b09412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards) inter-laboratory study on the measurement of the shell thickness and chemistry of nanoparticle coatings. Peptide-coated gold particles were supplied to laboratories in two forms: a colloidal suspension in pure water and; particles dried onto a silicon wafer. Participants prepared and analyzed these samples using either X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or low energy ion scattering (LEIS). Careful data analysis revealed some significant sources of discrepancy, particularly for XPS. Degradation during transportation, storage or sample preparation resulted in a variability in thickness of 53 %. The calculation method chosen by XPS participants contributed a variability of 67 %. However, variability of 12 % was achieved for the samples deposited using a single method and by choosing photoelectron peaks that were not adversely affected by instrumental transmission effects. The study identified a need for more consistency in instrumental transmission functions and relative sensitivity factors, since this contributed a variability of 33 %. The results from the LEIS participants were more consistent, with variability of less than 10 % in thickness and this is mostly due to a common method of data analysis. The calculation was performed using a model developed for uniform, flat films and some participants employed a correction factor to account for the sample geometry, which appears warranted based upon a simulation of LEIS data from one of the participants and comparison to the XPS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Belsey
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - David J H Cant
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Caterina Minelli
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Joyce R Araujo
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais (Dimat) Avenida Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50 Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Bernd Bock
- Tascon GmbH, Mendelstr. 17, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - David G Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1653, USA
| | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Paul M Dietrich
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM 6.1), Unter den Eichen 44-46, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Sarah Fearn
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Carlos E Galhardo
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais (Dimat) Avenida Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50 Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Henryk Kalbe
- Kratos Analytical Ltd., Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, UK
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Luis Lartundo-Rojas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, UPALM, Zacatenco, México D.F. CP. 07738, México
| | - Henry S Luftman
- Surface Analysis Facility, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015. USA
| | - Tim S Nunney
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Unit 24, The Birches Industrial Estate, Imberhorne Lane, East Grinstead, West Sussex, RH19 1UB, UK
| | - Johannes Pseiner
- Institut fuer Angewandte Physik, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emily F Smith
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Valentina Spampinato
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1653, USA
| | - Jacobus M Sturm
- Industrial Focus Group XUV Optics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew G Thomas
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jon P W Treacy
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Unit 24, The Birches Industrial Estate, Imberhorne Lane, East Grinstead, West Sussex, RH19 1UB, UK
| | - Lothar Veith
- Tascon GmbH, Mendelstr. 17, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Wagstaffe
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hai Wang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Wang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | | | - Wolfgang Werner
- Institut fuer Angewandte Physik, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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Abstract
The interaction of the ionic liquid [C4 C1 Im][BF4 ] with anatase TiO2 , a model photoanode material, has been studied using a combination of synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The system is of interest as a model for fundamental electrolyte-electrode and dye-sensitized solar cells. The initial interaction involves degradation of the [BF4 ]- anion, resulting in incorporation of F into O vacancies in the anatase surface. At low coverages, [C4 C1 Im][BF4 ] is found to order at the anatase(101) surface via electrostatic attraction, with the imidazolium ring oriented 32±4° from the anatase TiO2 surface. As the coverage of ionic liquid increases, the influence of the oxide surface on the topmost layers is reduced and the ordering is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagstaffe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Mark J Jackman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Karen L Syres
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, The University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | | | - Andrew G Thomas
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
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11
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Thomas AG, Jackman MJ, Wagstaffe M, Radtke H, Syres K, Adell J, Lévy A, Martsinovich N. Adsorption studies of p-aminobenzoic acid on the anatase TiO₂(101) surface. Langmuir 2014; 30:12306-12314. [PMID: 25254628 DOI: 10.1021/la5032619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) on the anatase TiO2(101) surface has been investigated using synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT). Photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the molecule is adsorbed in a bidentate mode through the carboxyl group following deprotonation. NEXAFS spectroscopy and DFT calculations of the adsorption structures indicate the ordering of a monolayer of the amino acid on the surface with the plane of the ring in an almost upright orientation. The adsorption of pABA on nanoparticulate TiO2 leads to a red shift of the optical absorption relative to bare TiO2 nanoparticles. DFT and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy suggest that the shift is attributed to the presence of the highest occupied molecular orbitals in the TiO2 band gap region and the presence of new molecularly derived states near the foot of the TiO2 conduction band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Thomas
- School of Materials and The Photon Science Institute and ‡School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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