[Epidemiological characteristics of workers with COVID-19 from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social]

BACKGROUND

¿In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak of the respiratory disease called COVID-19, in Wuhan, China. At the end of February 2020, it was detected in Mexico the first case of COVID-19. With this disease, chronic degenerative diseases are decisive for comorbidity to continue increasing.

OBJECTIVE

To know the epidemiological characteristics and comorbidity in workers sick with COVID-19 from the Veracruz Norte Regional Deconcentrated Administrative Operation Body, from the Mexican Institute for Social Security (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Descriptive, cross-sectional study, which included 228 COVID-19 patients, who were IMSS workers. Variables such as age, gender, as well as medical unit, contractual category, comorbidities, etc., were analyzed and were taken from April to June 2020 from the Online Notification System for Epidemiological Surveillance (SINOLAVE) database. It was used descriptive statistics, and Pearson's chi-squared, with a p < 0.05.

RESULTS

228 patients were analyzed. The nursing staff was the one with the highest prevalence with 101 patients (44.3%). Comorbidities such as obesity in the foreground, with 27 patients (11.8%), and diabetes mellitus alone with 15 patients (6.6%), and as a group, along with arterial hypertension, obesity and being a chronic smoker in 22 patients (9.6%) were the most frequent.

CONCLUSIONS

The nursing staff predominated; the prevalent comorbidities were obesity, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.

[Diet and polymer standard vs. standard in the nutritional status of elderly patients with fragility]

BACKGROUND

The elderly patients with fragility show different physiological changes, so they are given polymeric diets to maintain and/or alter their nutritional status. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of changing a standard polymeric diet and a standard diet on nutritional status in elderly patients with fragility.

METHODS

Clinical randomized controlled trial in 23 elderly patients, 70 years of age or older, with fragility, hospitalized in a Internal Medicine Unity in a period from July to December 2014. Nutritional status was determined through Minimum Nutritional Consulting (MNA) and body mass index (BMI). Descriptive statistics, Chi square, Student t test and McNemar.

RESULTS

In the G1: 12 patients were in the G2 and 11, a positive change was observed in the nutritional status G1 initially being 14.00 (malnutrition) and end 22.75 (risk of malnutrition). According to BMI (kg/m2) was evident at the beginning 25 % of patients (3) with mild malnutrition, but the final results show figures with a zero percentage of malnourished patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of standard polymeric diet increases body weight, BMI and nutritional status in elderly patients with fragility.

[Lactate levels with regards to the pulse pressure in patients with shock]

BACKGROUND

Lactate is one of the most useful biomarkers to screen patients with shock; therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the levels of lactate regarding the pulse pressure in that sort of patients.

METHODS

Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study of patients over 18 years diagnosed with shock from an emergency room of a tertiary care hospital. Lactate levels and pulse pressure were used as biomarkers. We used descriptive statistics, Student's t test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

RESULTS

We obtained 46 patients. The average age was 39.52 (SD 15.22), media initial lactate level was 5.88 mmol/L (SD 3.89) and media final lactate level 3.31 mmol/L (SD = 3.12); initial pulse pressure was 19.78 mmHg (SD 7.45) and final pulse pressure 31.52 mmHg (SD 31.52). The relation of secondary diagnosis did show predominance in chest trauma with 13 patients. There was a statistical significance in initial lactate and final lactate of r = 0.83 (p = 0.00), and initial pulse pressure and final pulse pressure: r = 0.57 (p = 0.001). There was not a significant correlation between final lactate and final pulse pressure (r: -0.184, p = 0.222).

CONCLUSION

Even when several studies emphasize the clinical significance of biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of patients with hypovolemic shock, it is necessary to do more studies in order to find the efficacy of the non-invasive screening in this type of pathology.