1
|
Dyer AH, McKenna L, Gamage G, Bourke NM, Killane I, Widdowson M, Woods CP, Gibney J, Reilly R, O'Neill D, Kennelly SP. Cognitive performance in midlife type 2 diabetes: results from the ENBIND study. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14412. [PMID: 32997841 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To establish the impact of uncomplicated type 2 diabetes on cognitive and neuropsychological performance in midlife. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes and a cohort of healthy control participants. General cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and neuropsychological assessment was undertaken using a detailed neuropsychological assessment battery. RESULTS A total of 152 participants (102 with type 2 diabetes and 50 controls) were recruited (mean age 52 ± 8 years, 51% women). Participants with midlife type 2 diabetes were more than twice as likely to make an error on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test [incidence rate ratio 2.44 (95% CI 1.54 to 3.87); P < 0.001]. Further, type 2 diabetes was also associated with significantly lower memory composite score [β: -0.20 (95% CI -0.39 to -0.01); P = 0.04] and paired associates learning score [β: = -1.97 (95% CI -3.51, -0.43); P = 0.01] on the neuropsychological assessment battery following adjustment for age, sex, BMI, educational attainment and hypercholesterolaemia. CONCLUSIONS Even in midlife, type 2 diabetes was associated with small but statistically significant cognitive decrements. These statistically significant decrements, whilst not clinically significant in terms of objective cognitive impairment, may have important implications in selecting out individuals most at risk of later cognitive decline for potential preventative interventions in midlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Dyer
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L McKenna
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Gamage
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N M Bourke
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Killane
- Department of Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Widdowson
- Robert Grave's Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C P Woods
- Robert Grave's Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Gibney
- Robert Grave's Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Reilly
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Bioengineering, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D O'Neill
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S P Kennelly
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su T, Spicer RA, Wu FX, Farnsworth A, Huang J, Del Rio C, Deng T, Ding L, Deng WYD, Huang YJ, Hughes A, Jia LB, Jin JH, Li SF, Liang SQ, Liu J, Liu XY, Sherlock S, Spicer T, Srivastava G, Tang H, Valdes P, Wang TX, Widdowson M, Wu MX, Xing YW, Xu CL, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhang ST, Zhang XW, Zhao F, Zhou ZK. A Middle Eocene lowland humid subtropical "Shangri-La" ecosystem in central Tibet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32989-32995. [PMID: 33288692 PMCID: PMC7777077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012647117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibet's ancient topography and its role in climatic and biotic evolution remain speculative due to a paucity of quantitative surface-height measurements through time and space, and sparse fossil records. However, newly discovered fossils from a present elevation of ∼4,850 m in central Tibet improve substantially our knowledge of the ancient Tibetan environment. The 70 plant fossil taxa so far recovered include the first occurrences of several modern Asian lineages and represent a Middle Eocene (∼47 Mya) humid subtropical ecosystem. The fossils not only record the diverse composition of the ancient Tibetan biota, but also allow us to constrain the Middle Eocene land surface height in central Tibet to ∼1,500 ± 900 m, and quantify the prevailing thermal and hydrological regime. This "Shangri-La"-like ecosystem experienced monsoon seasonality with a mean annual temperature of ∼19 °C, and frosts were rare. It contained few Gondwanan taxa, yet was compositionally similar to contemporaneous floras in both North America and Europe. Our discovery quantifies a key part of Tibetan Paleogene topography and climate, and highlights the importance of Tibet in regard to the origin of modern Asian plant species and the evolution of global biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China;
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Robert A Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Fei-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044 Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Farnsworth
- School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Cédric Del Rio
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Tao Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044 Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ding
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Yu-Dong Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, China
| | - Alice Hughes
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Lin-Bo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Hua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shu-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Shui-Qing Liang
- Public Technology Service Center, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Jia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Sarah Sherlock
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Gaurav Srivastava
- Cenozoic Palaeofloristic Megafossil Lab, Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleosciences, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - He Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Paul Valdes
- School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Teng-Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Mike Widdowson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Meng-Xiao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Wu Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Cong-Li Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Tao Zhang
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650093 Kunming, China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China;
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Suhr N, Schoenberg R, Chew D, Rosca C, Widdowson M, Kamber BS. Elemental and isotopic behaviour of Zn in Deccan basalt weathering profiles: Chemical weathering from bedrock to laterite and links to Zn deficiency in tropical soils. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:1451-1463. [PMID: 29734621 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient for organisms and essential for plant growth, therefore knowledge of its elemental cycling in the surface environment is important regarding wider aspects of human nutrition and health. To explore the nature of Zn cycling, we compared its weathering behaviour in a sub-recent regolith versus an ancient laterite profile of the Deccan Traps, India - an area of known soil Zn deficiency. We demonstrate that progressive breakdown of primary minerals and the associated formation of phyllosilicates and iron oxides leads to a depletion in Zn, ultimately resulting in a loss of 80% in lateritic residues. This residue is mainly composed of resistant iron oxides and hydroxides ultimately delivering insufficient amounts of bio-available Zn. Moreover, (sub)-tropical weathering in regions experiencing extended tectonic quiescence (e.g., cratons) further enhance the development of old and deep soil profiles that become deficient in Zn. This situation is clearly revealed by the spatial correlation of the global distribution of laterites, cratons (Africa, India, South America and Australia) and known regions of Zn deficient soils that result in health problems for humans whose diet is derived from such land. We also investigate whether this elemental depletion of Zn is accompanied by isotope fractionation. In the saprolitic horizons of both weathering profiles, compositions of δ66ZnJMC-Lyon lie within the "crustal average" of +0.27±0.07‰ δ66ZnJMC-Lyon. By contrast, soil horizons enriched in secondary oxides show lighter isotope compositions. The isotopic signature of Zn (Δ66Znsample-protolith up to ~ -0.65‰) during the formation of the ferruginous-lateritic weathering profile likely resulted from a combination of biotically- and kinetically-controlled sorption reactions on Fe-oxyhydroxides. Our findings suggest that oxide rich soil types/horizons in (sub)-tropical regions likely exert a control on riverine Zn isotope compositions such that these become heavier than the crustal average. This isotopic behaviour invites a broader study of global soils to test whether light isotope composition alone could serve as an indicator for reduced bioavailability of Zn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Suhr
- Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | - David Chew
- Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carolina Rosca
- Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mike Widdowson
- Department of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Balz S Kamber
- Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wignall PB, Sun Y, Bond DPG, Izon G, Newton RJ, Védrine S, Widdowson M, Ali JR, Lai X, Jiang H, Cope H, Bottrell SH. Volcanism, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Isotope Fluctuations in the Middle Permian of China. Science 2009; 324:1179-82. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1171956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Wignall
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yadong Sun
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - David P. G. Bond
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gareth Izon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Robert J. Newton
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stéphanie Védrine
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mike Widdowson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jason R. Ali
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pokfulam Road, University of Hong Kong
| | - Xulong Lai
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Haishui Jiang
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Helen Cope
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Building, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK
| | - Simon H. Bottrell
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|