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Siddika A, Malik FTN, Kalimuddin M, Hasan N, Ahmed N, Badiuzzaman M, Banik D, Huq TS, Ishraquzzaman M, Rahman F. Severity of Coronary Artery Disease by Friesinger Score Among Women With Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. Cureus 2024; 16:e54617. [PMID: 38524096 PMCID: PMC10959207 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chance of coronary artery disease (CAD) is much higher in women who have gone through menopause than in those who have not, owing to hormonal defense against atherosclerosis. More advanced CAD and several comorbidities were observed in postmenopausal women. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of information comparing the angiographic severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women of different ages. This research sought to determine the Friesinger score's use in evaluating the degree of CAD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with ACS. METHODS A total of 145 female patients with ACS were included in this cross-sectional observational research. Depending on the stage of menopause, they were categorized into two groups: group I (premenopausal) and group II (postmenopausal). The study examined the differences in clinical data and the severity of coronary angiographic features based on the Friesinger score between the premenopausal and postmenopausal ACS groups. RESULTS A statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was found in the mean age of premenopausal ACS patients, which was 41.53 ± 5.45 years, and postmenopausal ACS patients, which was 57.23 ± 7.45 years. Between the premenopausal group (31.4% vs. 17.1%; p = 0.04 and 31.4% vs. 15.7%; p = 0.002) and postmenopausal group (48.6% vs. 20%; p = 0.001), there was a greater prevalence of normal coronary angiography, single-vessel disease, and triple-vessel disease. Comparing the postmenopausal group to the premenopausal group, the high to intermediate Friesinger score (11-15) was found to be considerably higher (2.9% vs. 1.4%; 72.9% vs. 50%; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Prior to menopause, single-vessel disease and normal coronary angiography were more common, whereas postmenopausal individuals had triple-vessel disease. The postmenopausal group's CAD was found to be more severe than the premenopausal group's according to the Friesinger score used for severity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddika
- Internal Medicine, Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, Dhaka, BGD
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Md Kalimuddin
- Interventional Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Nahidul Hasan
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Dhiman Banik
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Tawfiq S Huq
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mir Ishraquzzaman
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Faria Rahman
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
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Siddika A, Malik FTN, Kalimuddin M, Hasan N, Ahmed N, Badiuzzaman M, Ahmed MN, Dutta A, Ishraquzzaman M, Chowdhury MS. Severity of Coronary Artery Diseases Among Pre- and Postmenopausal Women With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Hospital-Based Study in Bangladesh. Cureus 2023; 15:e50514. [PMID: 38222197 PMCID: PMC10787577 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal women present with more severe coronary artery disease (CAD) in addition to multiple comorbidities. However, there are limited data available to compare the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and angiographic severity of CAD between pre- and postmenopausal women with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). AIM This study aimed to assess and compare the severity of CAD in pre- and postmenopausal women with ACS. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology of NHFH RI. A total of 140 female patients with ACS were enrolled and then divided into Group I (premenopausal) and Group II (postmenopausal) on the basis of menopause history. Clinical data and coronary angiographic severity were compared between both groups. RESULTS The mean age of the premenopausal group was 41.53 ± 5.45 years, and that of the postmenopausal group was 57.23 ± 7.45 years. Family history of premature CAD was significantly more common in the premenopausal group than in the postmenopausal group (35(50%) vs. 23(32.9%); p=0.017)). DM and smokeless tobacco were more prevalent in the postmenopausal group (48(68.6%) vs. 28(40%); p=0.001 and 14(20%) vs. 2(2.9%); p=0.002). Atypical presentation was more common in the premenopausal group (21(30%) vs. 9(12.9%); p=0.013). Most of the patients in both groups presented with unstable angina followed by NSTEMI and STEMI. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group (50.71 ± 8.38% vs. 53.74 ± 7.46%; p=0.026). Normal coronary angiogram and single-vessel disease were more prevalent in the premenopausal group (22(31.4%) vs. 12(17.1%); p=0.04) and (22(31.4%) vs. 11(15.7%); p=0.002), whereas triple-vessel disease was more prevalent in the postmenopausal group (34(48.6% vs. 14(20%); p=0.001). The left anterior descending artery was the most commonly involved vessel in the postmenopausal group (67(95.7%) vs. 60(85.7%); p=0.04). Finally, the mean Gensini score was higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group (56.1 ± 43.4 vs. 33.5 ± 36.9; p=0.001). CONCLUSION Family history of premature CAD and atypical presentation were common in premenopausal ACS patients. DM and smokeless tobacco use were more prevalent in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. Normal coronary angiogram and single-vessel disease were more prevalent in the premenopausal group, and triple-vessel disease was more common in the postmenopausal group. CAD was more severe in the postmenopausal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddika
- Internal Medicine, Bangladesh College of Physician and Surgeon, Dhaka, BGD
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Md Kalimuddin
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Nahidul Hasan
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | | | - Ashok Dutta
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mir Ishraquzzaman
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Md Shamim Chowdhury
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
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Malik F, Kalimuddin M, Ishraquzzaman M, Mamun MA, Chowdhury MS, Dutta A, Rahman MH, Kanungo S, Laila N, Choudhury SR. Clinical Presentation, Management and In-Hospital Outcome of COVID-19 among Non-Healthcare Personnel and Healthcare Personnel in a Tertiary Cardiac Care Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:769-779. [PMID: 34226467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The huge numbers of non-healthcare personnel (non-HCP) who get infected by corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only paralyze health care systems but also put health care personnel (HCP) at potential risk globally. Objective of the study was to compare the Healthcare personnel (HCP) and non-HCP COVID-19 cases. This prospective observational study was carried out in National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute of Bangladesh from March 08, 2020 to July 20, 2020. During this study period all admitted non-HCP who subsequently was diagnosed as COVID-19 positive by rRT-PCR and HCP of this hospital, who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms or came in close contact with COVID-19 patients at home or their workplace and become COVID-19 positive, were included. Out of 320 infected patients, 181(56.6%) patients were non-HCP and 139(43.4%) were HCP. Non-HCP were older than HCP (Mean age: 52.95±13.82 years vs. 34.08±11.11 years; p=0.001). Non-HCP were predominantly male and HCP were predominantly female (73.5% vs. 41% & 26.5% vs. 59%; p=0.001). Non-HCP had more risk factors and co-morbidities than HCP (p=0.001). Typical symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever and cough were prevalent in HCP. More aggressive treatment was required for non-HCP. Non-HCP had more severe disease and higher case fatality rate (9.4% vs. 0.7%; p=0.001) than HCP. Disease severity (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.15) and DM (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.94) were the independent predictor of mortality. Non-HCP was older in age, predominantly male and had more co-morbidities than HCP. Typical symptoms of COVID-19 were prevalent in HCP. Non-HCP had more severe disease and higher case fatality rate than HCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Malik
- Professor Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik, Professor, Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute (NHFH&RI), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Malik FTN, Al Mamun MA, Choudhury SR, Ishraquzzaman M, Kalimuddin M, Huq TS, Rahman MS, Jubayer S, Bhuiyan MR, Sobhan SMM, Faruque M, Beaney T, Xia X, Poulter NR, Malik A. May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Bangladesh. Eur Heart J Suppl 2021; 23:B21-B23. [PMID: 34054361 PMCID: PMC8141954 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
According to the Non-communicable disease Risk Factors Survey of 2018, more than one-fifth (21.0%) of adults aged 25 years or older have hypertension and one-third of the adults did not have their blood pressure (BP) measured in their lifetime in Bangladesh. The National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh participated in May Measurement Month (MMM) 2017 and 2018 as well as this 2019 as a part of a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of high BP and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. This opportunistic screening of voluntary participants aged ≥18 years was carried out from May to July 2019. Data were collected from 100 screening sites in 16 districts in Bangladesh. BP measurement, the definition of hypertension, and statistical analysis followed the MMM protocol. Data on 24 941 individuals were analysed. Among the participants, 12 658 (50.8%) were female. After multiple imputation, 6990 (28.0%) had hypertension. Among the 6990 participants with hypertension, 5007 (71.6%) were on antihypertensive medication and 5331 (76.3%) were aware of having hypertension. Among 6990 participants with hypertension, 3217 (46.0%) had controlled BP (<140/90 mmHg) and among the participants with hypertension and on antihypertensive medication, 64.2% had controlled BP. Opportunistic BP screening can identify significant numbers of people with raised BP and thus assist in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Epidemiology & Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Reza Choudhury
- Department of Epidemiology & Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Ishraquzzaman
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kalimuddin
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Tawfiq Shariar Huq
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shamimur Rahman
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Jubayer
- Department of Epidemiology & Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Department of Epidemiology & Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Mohammad Mahbubus Sobhan
- Department of Epidemiology & Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mithila Faruque
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, 125/1 Darus Salam, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Xin Xia
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot no. 7/2, Section-2, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
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Malik FTN, Al Mamun MA, Ishraquzzaman M, Kalimuddin M, Shahriar Huq T, Rahman MS, Choudhury SR, Ahmed N, Badiuzzaman M, Beaney T, Xia X, Ster AC, Malik A, Poulter NR. May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Bangladesh. Eur Heart J Suppl 2020; 22:H20-H22. [PMID: 32884460 PMCID: PMC7455272 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. According to Non-communicable disease (NCD) Risk Factors Survey Bangladesh 2010, one-fifth (21.9%) of adults aged 25 years or more have hypertension. Almost one-third of the adult population did not have their BP measured in their lifetime in Bangladesh. National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh participated in May Measurement Month (MMM) 2018 as a part of a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of high BP and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes nationally. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2018. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension and statistical analysis followed the MMM protocol. Data were collected from 10 screening sites in 9 districts in Bangladesh. A total of 5208 individuals were screened during MMM18. After multiple imputation, 1750 (33.6%) had hypertension. Among the 1750 participants with hypertension, 1312 (75.0%) were aware of having hypertension. Among those that were not on antihypertensive medication, 15.2% were hypertensive and among those that were on antihypertensive medication 33.6% had uncontrolled hypertension. The present study showed that opportunistic screening can identify significant numbers of people with raised BP. A periodic public health programme at a national level needs to be initiated to increase hypertension detection and control rates and thus for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Epidemiology & Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Ishraquzzaman
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kalimuddin
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Tawfiq Shahriar Huq
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shamimur Rahman
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Reza Choudhury
- Department of Epidemiology & Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Badiuzzaman
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Xin Xia
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Anca Chis Ster
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
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Malik FTN, Ishraquzzaman M, Kalimuddin M, Choudhury S, Ahmed N, Badiuzzaman M, Ahmed MN, Banik D, Huq TS, Al Mamun MA. Clinical Presentation, Management and In-Hospital Outcome of Healthcare Personnel With COVID-19 Disease. Cureus 2020; 12:e10004. [PMID: 32983701 PMCID: PMC7515093 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Healthcare personnel (HCP) are undoubtedly one of the major frontline fighters in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that many HCP have become infected by COVID-19 globally. The infection of HCP has received great attention in social media and is frequently reported from different parts of the world. However, there are few scientific reports addressing this aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of COVID-19 infection among the HCP of our setting. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in the National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute of Bangladesh from April 29 to July 20, 2020. HCP employed in this hospital who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms or came in close contact with COVID-19 patients at home or their workplace were included in this study. The presence of COVID-19 disease was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal samples. A total of 394 HCP were sampled and 139 had a positive corona test. Structured interviews were conducted to document symptoms for all HCP with confirmed COVID-19. Data analysis was performed in July 2020. Results Out of 1,409 HCP, 139 subjects tested positive for COVID-19. Among the HCP, infection rate was 9.86%. The mean age of the study population was 34.08±11.11 years (range: 20-69 yrs), of whom 82 (59%) were female. Most of this cohort were nurses (56 [40.3%]) and physicians (25 [18%]), and the remaining 58 (41.7%) were other staff. The mean duration of onset of symptoms to test was 2.89±2.07 days. The most common symptoms were fever (84.2%), fatigue (56.1%), cough (54%), body ache (39.6%), headache, and anosmia (38.8%). Most subjects had mild disease (125 [93%]), three (2.1%) of the HCP had moderate disease and one (0.7%) had severe disease. Ten of the HCP (7.2%) were asymptomatic. Most of them were treated either by ivermectin plus azithromycin or ivermectin plus doxycycline. Only 20 (14.4%) of the HCP were hospitalized, while others were treated either in home isolation (59.7%) or in institutional isolation (25.9%). Recovery was almost uneventful except one healthcare worker who died. Conclusion Most HCP had mild symptoms and a few of them were asymptomatic also. HCP with mild COVID-19 symptoms may be treated in home or institutional isolation. As they are a vulnerable group for infection, providing adequate protection to HCP is absolutely mandatory to safeguard them from this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mir Ishraquzzaman
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Md Kalimuddin
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sohel Choudhury
- Department of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Mir N Ahmed
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Dhiman Banik
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Tawfiq S Huq
- Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, BGD
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Malik FTN, Ishraquzzaman M, Kalimuddin M, Mamun MAA, Huq TS, Choudhury SR, Ahmed N, Badiuzzaman M, Alim A, Karim MR, Beaney T, Xia X, Poulter NR, Hussain AHME, Malik A. May Measurement Month (MMM) 2017: an analysis of blood pressure screening results in Bangladesh-South Asia. Eur Heart J Suppl 2019; 21:D21-D24. [PMID: 31043868 PMCID: PMC6479416 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. Based on the findings of the non-communicable disease Risk Factors Survey Bangladesh 2010, the prevalence of hypertension in adults 25 years or older in Bangladesh is 20.1%. The Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey, 2011 showed that approximately 50% of those affected are unaware of their hypertensive condition. The May Measurement Month 2017 (MMM17) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at raising awareness of high BP. We participated in MMM17 to raise awareness of hypertension screening and identify those with elevated BP who were unaware, and those on treatment with still uncontrolled hypertension. Following the standard protocol designed by the ISH, we participated in MMM17, an opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18. It was carried out in May 2017. BP measurement, the definition of hypertension and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. Data were collected from 35 screening sites in 33 districts in Bangladesh. Personnel from several government and non-government organizations volunteered in this huge event. A total of 11 418 individuals were screened during MMM17, of which 5401 (47.3%) were found to have hypertension. Of 8365 individuals not receiving anti-hypertensive medication, 2348 (28.1%) were hypertensive. Of 3053 individuals receiving anti-hypertensive medication, 1594 (52.2%) had uncontrolled BP. MMM17 was the largest BP screening campaign undertaken in Bangladesh. This study suggests that opportunistic screening can identify significant numbers of people with raised BP. A periodic public health programme at a national level needs to be initiated to increase hypertension detection and control rate and thus for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Ishraquzzaman
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kalimuddin
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Epidemiology & Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Tawfiq Shahriar Huq
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Reza Choudhury
- Department of Epidemiology & Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Badiuzzaman
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Alim
- Non-Communicable Disease Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Mohakhali Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rizwanul Karim
- Non-Communicable Disease Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Mohakhali Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London, W12 7RH, UK
| | - Xin Xia
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London, W12 7RH, UK
| | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London, W12 7RH, UK
| | - A H M Enayet Hussain
- Non-Communicable Disease Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Mohakhali Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Plot 7/2, Section 2, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
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