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Ramírez-Córdova C, Morales-Jadán D, Alarcón-Salem S, Sarmiento-Alvarado A, Proaño MB, Camposano I, Sarmiento-Alvarado B, Bravo-Castro M, Hidalgo-Jiménez JF, Coello D, Rodríguez ÁS, Viteri-Dávila C, Vallejo-Janeta AP, Arcos-Suárez D, Garcia-Bereguiain MA. Fast, cheap and sensitive: Homogenizer-based RNA extraction free method for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1074953. [PMID: 36968109 PMCID: PMC10035754 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1074953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 gold standard detection method is an RT-qPCR with a previous step of viral RNA extraction from the patient sample either by using commercial automatized or manual extraction kits. This RNA extraction step is expensive and time demanding.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a simple SARS-CoV-2 detection protocol based on a fast and intense sample homogenization followed by direct RT-qPCR.Results388 nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed in this study. 222 of them tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by the gold standard RNA extraction and RT-qPCR method, while 166 tested negative. 197 of those 222 positive samples were also positive for the homogenization protocol, yielding a sensitivity of 88.74% (95% IC; 83.83 – 92.58). 166 of those negative samples were also negative for the homogenization protocol, so the specificity obtained was 97% (95% IC; 93.11 – 99.01). For Ct values below 30, meaning a viral load of 103 copies/uL, only 4 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples failed for the RNA extraction free method; for that limit of detection, the homogenizer-based method had a sensitivity of 97.92% (95% CI; 96.01 – 99.83).ConclusionsOur results show that this fast and cheap homogenization method for the SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR is a reliable alternative of high sensitivity for potentially infectious SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. This RNA extraction free protocol would help to reduce diagnosis time and cost, and to overcome the RNA extraction kits shortage experienced during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ramírez-Córdova
- Laboratorio Clínico Segurilab, Quito, Ecuador
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Alisson Sarmiento-Alvarado
- Laboratorio Clínico Segurilab, Quito, Ecuador
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dayana Coello
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ángel S. Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Daniela Arcos-Suárez
- Laboratorio Clínico Segurilab, Quito, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Daniela Arcos-Suárez, ; Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain,
| | - Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Daniela Arcos-Suárez, ; Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain,
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Ballesteros I, Bravo-Castro M, Villamarín-Cortez S, Jijón G, Prat N, Ríos-Touma B, Villamarín C. Genetic Variability of Polypedilum (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Southwest Ecuador. Insects 2022; 13:insects13040382. [PMID: 35447824 PMCID: PMC9028585 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Polypedilum is a genus of aquatic non-biting midges in the family Chironomidae. This genus is widely distributed in neotropical rivers from lowlands to Andean highlands. Nevertheless, making species identification based on morphology is quite complex, even more so in the Neotropics, since systematic studies of this group are scarce. DNA barcoding can help to overcome this problem using a short DNA sequence as a barcode for species delimitation. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) has been successfully employed as a barcode in the genus Polypedilum. In this study, our aim was to understand the effect of environmental characteristics on Polypedilum diversity and distribution. We examined the CO1 sequence of 68 Polypedilum specimens from rivers with different environmental conditions located in an important biogeographic area of Ecuador. We identified five morphotypes and seven putative species which revealed high genetic variability among them. Polypedilum distribution seems to be affected mainly by two environmental factors, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Our study is the first evidence of richness within the genus in Ecuador, highlighting the importance of developing taxonomic studies along with ecological assessments to further describe and identify new species. Abstract Chironomids show a wide distribution and can occupy several habitats due to their high adaptive capacity in different freshwater environments. The genus Polypedilum is found along a wide elevational and environmental gradient in the neotropics, and its genetic variability could help to elucidate factors determining its distribution and tolerance to the environmental changes of different species or populations. This study examines the genetic variability of Polypedilum in an important biogeographic area that acts as a geographical barrier of biodiversity at the border of the Choco and Tumbes biomes. We identified five Polypedilum morphotypes using classic taxonomic methods. We examined 68 Polypedilum individuals from eight sampling sites in El Oro Province, Ecuador, analyzing the putative molecular species using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) mitochondrial gene fragment. Then, we calculated molecular diversity indices, Haplotype diversity (Hd), and θs and θπ estimators. Seven Polypedilum OTUs were determined from which a high molecular diversity was registered. A CCA was conducted to understand the population composition in relation to environmental characteristics. Results indicated that dissolved oxygen and temperature are the main environmental factors affecting Polypedilum distribution across elevational gradients and between basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ballesteros
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador; (I.B.); (M.B.-C.); (G.J.); (B.R.-T.)
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mishell Bravo-Castro
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador; (I.B.); (M.B.-C.); (G.J.); (B.R.-T.)
| | - Santiago Villamarín-Cortez
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad–INABIO, Rumipamba 341 y Av. Shyris, Quito 170135, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Jijón
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador; (I.B.); (M.B.-C.); (G.J.); (B.R.-T.)
| | - Narcís Prat
- Grupo de Investigación Freshwater, Hydrology and Ecology Management (FHEM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Blanca Ríos-Touma
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador; (I.B.); (M.B.-C.); (G.J.); (B.R.-T.)
| | - Christian Villamarín
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador; (I.B.); (M.B.-C.); (G.J.); (B.R.-T.)
- Correspondence:
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