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Goodale EC, White SD, Bizikova P, Borjesson D, Murrell DF, Bisconte A, Francesco M, Hill RJ, Masjedizadeh M, Nunn P, Gourlay SG, Jordan TJM, Emery CB, Outerbridge CA. Open trial of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PRN1008) in the treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:410-e110. [PMID: 32803903 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is important in B-cell signalling. Efficacy has been reported for BTK inhibitors (BTKi) in human autoimmune diseases. Canine pemphigus foliaceus (cPF) is one of the most common canine autoimmune skin diseases. OBJECTIVES To determine the safety and efficacy of the BTKi PRN1008 in the treatment of cPF. ANIMALS Four privately owned dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Four dogs diagnosed with PF were administered BTKi PRN1008. Initial dosages approximated to 15 mg/kg once daily, increased to twice daily if inadequate response was seen. Treatment continued for 20 weeks, attempting to decrease to every other day. Dogs were monitored with complete blood counts, serum biochemistry panels and urinalyses, and evaluated with a modified version of a validated human Pemphigus Disease Activity Index (cPDAI). Serum anti-desmocollin-1 (DSC-1) and desmoglein-1 (DSG-1) immunoglobulin (Ig)G titres were performed before and after the treatment period. Drug bound to target was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RESULTS All four dogs showed reduction in lesions and cPDAI score during the first two weeks of treatment. Three dogs continued to improve and sustained near complete remission by 20 weeks, at which point three responses were considered "good" and one "fair". Final daily dosages were in the range 17-33 mg/kg. Anti-DSC-1 IgG titre decreased dramatically in one dog, was undetectable in two and was uninterpretable in one dog. No dogs had detectable IgG to DSG1. A possible adverse event occurred in one dog. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE BTKi PRN1008 monotherapy may have some beneficial effects in some cases of cPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Goodale
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Stephen D White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Dori Borjesson
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Angelina Bisconte
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Michelle Francesco
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ronald J Hill
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Philip Nunn
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Steven G Gourlay
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tyler J M Jordan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Carolyn B Emery
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Catherine A Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Goodale EC, Varjonen KE, Outerbridge CA, Bizikova P, Borjesson D, Murrell DF, Bisconte A, Francesco M, Hill RJ, Masjedizadeh M, Nunn P, Gourlay SG, White SD. Efficacy of a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (PRN-473) in the treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:291-e71. [PMID: 31899567 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is important in B-cell signalling. Efficacy has been reported for BTK inhibitors (BTKi) in human autoimmune diseases. Canine pemphigus foliaceus (cPF) is the most common canine autoimmune skin disease. OBJECTIVES To determine the safety and efficacy of a BTKi in cPF treatment. ANIMALS Nine privately owned dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Nine dogs diagnosed with PF were administered BTKi PRN473. Initial dosages were ≈15 mg/kg once daily, increased to twice daily if inadequate response was seen. Treatment continued for a maximum of 20 weeks, attempting decrease to every other day. Dogs were monitored with complete blood counts, serum biochemistry panels, urinalyses and evaluated with a modified version of a validated human Pemphigus Disease Activity Index (cPDAI). Anti-desmocollin-1 (DSC-1) and desmoglein-1 (DSG-1) immunoglobulin G (IgG) titres were performed before and after the treatment period. Drug bound to target was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS All nine dogs showed reduction in lesions and cPDAI score during the first two weeks of treatment. At the end of the study, four responses were considered "good", two "fair", two "poor" and one dog withdrawn due to recurrence of a previously excised mast cell tumour. Four dogs continued to improve by Week 4; three sustained near complete remission by study's end. The anti-DSC-1 IgG titre decreased in three dogs, increased in two, was undetected in three and was not performed in the withdrawn dog. No dogs had detectable IgG to DSG1. Possible adverse effects occurred in three dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy may have beneficial effects in some cases of cPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Goodale
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Katarina E Varjonen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Catherine A Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dori Borjesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Angelina Bisconte
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Michelle Francesco
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ronald J Hill
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Philip Nunn
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Steven G Gourlay
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Stephen D White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Smith PF, Krishnarajah J, Nunn PA, Hill RJ, Karr D, Tam D, Masjedizadeh M, Funk JO, Gourlay SG. A phase I trial of PRN1008, a novel reversible covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28636208 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of PRN1008, a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, in healthy volunteers, and thus determine the dose range for future clinical studies. METHODS This was a two-part randomized, placebo controlled study in healthy volunteers using a liquid formulation. Part I was a single ascending dose design with dose levels of 50-1200 mg (n = 6 active, two placebos per cohort); Part II was a multiple ascending dose design, with dose regimens ranging from 300 to 900 mg daily, either four times or twice daily for 10 days. Plasma pharmacokinetics, adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms and laboratory parameters were assessed. BTK occupancy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated as a marker of target engagement. RESULTS PRN1008 was rapidly absorbed following oral administration, and was safe and well tolerated in all dose regimens evaluated in both single and multiple doses. PRN1008 demonstrated a large volume of distribution, and a half-life of approximately 3-4 h. BTK occupancy of >90% was observed within 4 h after dosing in both single and multiple dose regimens, and was closely linked to maximum plasma concentration. BTK occupancy decay was slow (-1.6% h-1 ), and occupancy was sustained despite drug concentrations being undetectable. No severe or serious adverse events occurred, and the most common adverse events were gastrointestinal in nature. CONCLUSIONS PRN1008 was safe and well-tolerated following oral administration, and achieved high, sustained levels of BTK occupancy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ron J Hill
- Principia Biopharma, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dane Karr
- Principia Biopharma, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Tam
- Principia Biopharma, Melbourne, Australia
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Smith P, Krishnarajah J, Nunn P, Hill R, Karr D, Tam D, Masjedizadeh M, Gourlay S. SAT0232 A Phase 1 Clinical Trial of PRN1008, an Oral, Reversible, Covalent BTK Inhibitor Demonstrates Clinical Safety and Therapeutic Levels of BTK Occupancy Without Sustained Systemic Exposure. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Liu HH, Lu P, Guo Y, Farrell E, Zhang X, Zheng M, Bosano B, Zhang Z, Allard J, Liao G, Fu S, Chen J, Dolim K, Kuroda A, Usuka J, Cheng J, Tao W, Welch K, Liu Y, Pease J, de Keczer SA, Masjedizadeh M, Hu JS, Weller P, Garrow T, Peltz G. An integrative genomic analysis identifies Bhmt2 as a diet-dependent genetic factor protecting against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity. Genome Res 2009; 20:28-35. [PMID: 19923254 DOI: 10.1101/gr.097212.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity is the most frequent precipitating cause of acute liver failure and liver transplant, but contemporary medical practice has mainly focused on patient management after a liver injury has been induced. An integrative genetic, transcriptional, and two-dimensional NMR-based metabolomic analysis performed using multiple inbred mouse strains, along with knowledge-based filtering of these data, identified betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase 2 (Bhmt2) as a diet-dependent genetic factor that affected susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in mice. Through an effect on methionine and glutathione biosynthesis, Bhmt2 could utilize its substrate (S-methylmethionine [SMM]) to confer protection against acetaminophen-induced injury in vivo. Since SMM is only synthesized in plants, Bhmt2 exerts its beneficial effect in a diet-dependent manner. Identification of Bhmt2 and the affected biosynthetic pathway demonstrates how a novel method of integrative genomic analysis in mice can provide a unique and clinically applicable approach to a major public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hsing Liu
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Roche Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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Ma H, Jiang WR, Robledo N, Leveque V, Ali S, Lara-Jaime T, Masjedizadeh M, Smith DB, Cammack N, Klumpp K, Symons J. Characterization of the metabolic activation of hepatitis C virus nucleoside inhibitor beta-D-2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine (PSI-6130) and identification of a novel active 5'-triphosphate species. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:29812-20. [PMID: 17698842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705274200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-D-2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine (PSI-6130) is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in the subgenomic HCV replicon system, and its corresponding 5'-triphosphate is a potent inhibitor of the HCV RNA polymerase in vitro. In this study the formation of PSI-6130-triphosphate was characterized in primary human hepatocytes. PSI-6130 and its 5'-phosphorylated derivatives were identified, and the intracellular concentrations were determined. In addition, the deaminated derivative of PSI-6130, beta-d-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine (RO2433, PSI-6026) and its corresponding phosphorylated metabolites were identified in human hepatocytes after incubation with PSI-6130. The formation of the 5'-triphosphate (TP) of PSI-6130 (PSI-6130-TP) and RO2433 (RO2433-TP) increased with time and reached steady state levels at 48 h. The formation of both PSI-6130-TP and RO2433-TP demonstrated a linear relationship with the extracellular concentrations of PSI-6130 up to 100 mum, suggesting a high capacity of human hepatocytes to generate the two triphosphates. The mean half-lives of PSI-6130-TP and RO2433-TP were 4.7 and 38 h, respectively. RO2433-TP also inhibited RNA synthesis by the native HCV replicase isolated from HCV replicon cells and the recombinant HCV polymerase NS5B with potencies comparable with those of PSI-6130-TP. Incorporation of RO2433-5'-monophosphate (MP) into nascent RNA by NS5B led to chain termination similar to that of PSI-6130-MP. These results demonstrate that PSI-6130 is metabolized to two pharmacologically active species in primary human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ma
- Roche Palo Alto LLC, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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Guo Y, Weller P, Farrell E, Cheung P, Fitch B, Clark D, Wu SY, Wang J, Liao G, Zhang Z, Allard J, Cheng J, Nguyen A, Jiang S, Shafer S, Usuka J, Masjedizadeh M, Peltz G. In silico pharmacogenetics of warfarin metabolism. Nat Biotechnol 2006; 24:531-6. [PMID: 16680137 PMCID: PMC1459533 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic approaches can be instrumental for predicting individual differences in response to a therapeutic intervention. Here we used a recently developed murine haplotype-based computational method to identify a genetic factor regulating the metabolism of warfarin, a commonly prescribed anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic index and a large variation in individual dosing. After quantification of warfarin and nine of its metabolites in plasma from 13 inbred mouse strains, we correlated strain-specific differences in 7-hydroxywarfarin accumulation with genetic variation within a chromosomal region encoding cytochrome P450 2C (Cyp2c) enzymes. This computational prediction was experimentally confirmed by showing that the rate-limiting step in biotransformation of warfarin to its 7-hydroxylated metabolite was inhibited by tolbutamide, a Cyp2c isoform-specific substrate, and that this transformation was mediated by expressed recombinant Cyp2c29. We show that genetic variants responsible for interindividual pharmacokinetic differences in drug metabolism can be identified by computational genetic analysis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shao-yong Wu
- Chemical Services, Roche Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steve Shafer
- Stanford University Department of Anesthesiology, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | | | | | - Gary Peltz
- Departments of Genetics and Genomics
- Correspondence to: Gary Peltz, M.D., Ph.D. , Roche Palo Alto S3-1, 3431 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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Guo Y, Weller P, Allard J, Usuka J, Masjedizadeh M, Wu SY, Fitch B, Clark D, Clark JD, Shafer S, Wang J, Liao G, Peltz G. Understanding our drugs and our diseases. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006; 3:409-12. [PMID: 16799083 PMCID: PMC2658704 DOI: 10.1513/pats.200601-014aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of mouse genetic models of human disease-associated traits has provided important insight into the pathogenesis of human disease. As one example, analysis of a murine genetic model of osteoporosis demonstrated that genetic variation within the 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15) gene affected peak bone mass, and that treatment with inhibitors of this enzyme improved bone mass and quality in rodent models. However, the method that has been used to analyze mouse genetic models is very time consuming, inefficient, and costly. To overcome these limitations, a computational method for analysis of mouse genetic models was developed that markedly accelerates the pace of genetic discovery. It was used to identify a genetic factor affecting the rate of metabolism of warfarin, an anticoagulant that is commonly used to treat clotting disorders. Computational analysis of a murine genetic model of narcotic drug withdrawal suggested a potential new approach for treatment of narcotic drug addiction. Thus, the results derived from computational mouse genetic analysis can suggest new treatment strategies, and can provide new information about currently available medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Guo
- Departments of Genetics and Genomics, Roche Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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