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Aiyegbo MS, Shmelkov E, Dominguez L, Goger M, Battacharya S, deCamp AC, Gilbert PB, Berman PW, Cardozo T. Peptide Targeted by Human Antibodies Associated with HIV Vaccine-Associated Protection Assumes a Dynamic α-Helical Structure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170530. [PMID: 28107435 PMCID: PMC5249078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The only evidence of vaccine-induced protection from HIV acquisition in humans was obtained in the RV144 HIV vaccine clinical trial. One immune correlate of risk in RV144 was observed to be higher titers of vaccine-induced antibodies (Abs) reacting with a 23-mer non-glycosylated peptide with the same amino acid sequence as a segment in the second variable (V2) loop of the MN strain of HIV. We used NMR to analyze the dynamic 3D structure of this peptide. Distance restraints between spatially proximate inter-residue protons were calculated from NOE cross peak intensities and used to constrain a thorough search of all possible conformations of the peptide. α–helical folding was strongly preferred by part of the peptide. A high-throughput structure prediction of this segment in all circulating HIV strains demonstrated that α–helical conformations are preferred by this segment almost universally across all subtypes. Notably, α–helical conformations of this segment of the V2 loop cluster cross-subtype-conserved amino acids on one face of the helix and the variable amino acid positions on the other in a semblance of an amphipathic α–helix. Accordingly, some Abs that protected against HIV in RV144 may have targeted a specific, conserved α–helical peptide epitope in the V2 loop of HIV’s surface envelope glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Aiyegbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Evgeny Shmelkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Goger
- The New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shibani Battacharya
- The New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Allan C. deCamp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Phillip W. Berman
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sapparapu G, Sims AL, Aiyegbo MS, Shaikh FY, Harth EM, Crowe JE. Intracellular neutralization of a virus using a cell-penetrating molecular transporter. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1613-24. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Antibodies are the principal mediator of immunity against reinfection with viruses. Antibodies typically neutralize viruses by binding to virion particles in solution prior to attachment to susceptible cells. Once viruses enter cells, conventional antibodies cannot inhibit virus infection or replication. It is desirable to develop an efficient and nontoxic method for the introduction of virus-inhibiting antibodies into cells. Materials & methods: In this article, we report a new method for the delivery of small recombinant antibody fragments into virus-infected cells using a dendrimer-based molecular transporter. Results & conclusion: The construct penetrated virus-infected cells efficiently and inhibited virus replication. This method provides a novel approach for the immediate delivery of inhibitory antibodies directed to virus proteins that are exposed only in the intracellular environment. This approach circumvents the current and rather complicated expression of inhibitory antibodies in cells following gene transfer. Original submitted 9 March 2013; Revised submitted 8 July 2013
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artez L Sims
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mohammed S Aiyegbo
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fyza Y Shaikh
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eva M Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science & Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science & Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Aiyegbo MS, Sapparapu G, Spiller BW, Eli IM, Williams DR, Kim R, Lee DE, Liu T, Li S, Woods VL, Nannemann DP, Meiler J, Stewart PL, Crowe JE. Human rotavirus VP6-specific antibodies mediate intracellular neutralization by binding to a quaternary structure in the transcriptional pore. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61101. [PMID: 23671563 PMCID: PMC3650007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several live attenuated rotavirus (RV) vaccines have been licensed, but the mechanisms of protective immunity are still poorly understood. The most frequent human B cell response is directed to the internal protein VP6 on the surface of double-layered particles, which is normally exposed only in the intracellular environment. Here, we show that the canonical VP6 antibodies secreted by humans bind to such particles and inhibit viral transcription. Polymeric IgA RV antibodies mediated an inhibitory effect against virus replication inside cells during IgA transcytosis. We defined the recognition site on VP6 as a quaternary epitope containing a high density of charged residues. RV human mAbs appear to bind to a negatively-charged patch on the surface of the Type I channel in the transcriptionally active particle, and they sterically block the channel. This unique mucosal mechanism of viral neutralization, which is not apparent from conventional immunoassays, may contribute significantly to human immunity to RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Aiyegbo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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