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Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty M, Chanda A, Alqahtani T, Kumer A, Dhara B, Chattopadhyay M. Neuroendocrine and cellular mechanisms in stress resilience: From hormonal influence in the CNS to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18220. [PMID: 38509751 PMCID: PMC10955164 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in neuroendocrinology challenge the long-held belief that hormonal effects are confined to perivascular tissues and do not extend to the central nervous system (CNS). This paradigm shift, propelled by groundbreaking research, reveals that synthetic hormones, notably in anti-inflammatory medications, significantly influence steroid psychosis, behavioural, and cognitive impairments, as well as neuropeptide functions. A seminal development in this field occurred in 1968 with McEven's proposal that rodent brains are responsive to glucocorticoids, fundamentally altering the understanding of how anxiety impacts CNS functionality and leading to the identification of glucocorticosteroids and mineralocorticoids as distinct corticotropic receptors. This paper focuses on the intricate roles of the neuroendocrine, immunological, and CNS in fostering stress resilience, underscored by recent animal model studies. These studies highlight active, compensatory, and passive strategies for resilience, supporting the concept that anxiety and depression are systemic disorders involving dysregulation across both peripheral and central systems. Resilience is conceptualized as a multifaceted process that enhances psychological adaptability to stress through adaptive mechanisms within the immunological system, brain, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and ANS Axis. Furthermore, the paper explores oxidative stress, particularly its origin from the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. The mitochondria's role extends beyond ATP production, encompassing lipid, heme, purine, and steroidogenesis synthesis. ROS-induced damage to biomolecules can lead to significant mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis, emphasizing the critical nature of mitochondrial health in overall cellular function and stress resilience. This comprehensive synthesis of neuroendocrinological and cellular biological research offers new insights into the systemic complexity of stress-related disorders and the imperative for multidisciplinary approaches in their study and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Bhattacharya
- Department of PharmacologyCalcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and AHSUluberiaWest BengalIndia
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCalcutta institute of pharmaceutical technology and AHSUluberiaWest BengalIndia
| | - Ananya Chanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical ScienceAdamas UniversityBarasatWest BengalIndia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Arts and Sciences, IUBAT‐International University of Business Agriculture and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Bikram Dhara
- Center for Global Health ResearchSaveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiIndia
- Department of Health SciencesNovel Global Community and Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Moitreyee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMaulana Abul Kalam Azad University of TechnologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
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Chatterjee A, Khanra R, Chattopadhyay M, Ghosh S, Sahu R, Nandi G, Maji HS, Chakraborty P. Pharmacological studies of rhizomes of extract of Cyperus tegetum, emphasized on anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 289:115035. [PMID: 35085743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE With over 950 species, Cyperus is one of the most promising health boosting genera in the Cyperaceae family. Traditional uses of Cyperus sp. have been described for gastrointestinal blood abnormalities, menstrual irregularities, and inflammatory diseases, among others. Cyperus tegetum Roxb belonging to Cyperaceae family, is used in traditional medicine to treat skin cancers. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was carried out to explore the potential effect of the extract of the plant Cyperus tegetum against different pharmacological activity namely inflammatory, analgesic activity as well as skin cancer activity in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity of the extract was measured by MTT and Live/death assay on HeLa cell line. Skin cancer was induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in mice to measure its effects. RESULT Stigmasterol and some poly phenolic compounds are identified using HPTLC process from the methanol extract of the rhizome of the plant Cyperus tegetum (CT-II). After confirmation of the presence of different polyphenolic compound and triterpenoids in the extract, it was subject to MTT and Live/death assay on HeLa cell line. From the observation it could be concluded that the IC50 of the extract is 300 μg/ml. Thus, the CTII was evaluated further for its in vivo anticancer property. In the tumorigenesis study, the number of tumor growths, the area and weight of the tumor significantly decreases with increment in the dose of CT-II extract and some elevated enzyme release in renal (creatinine, urea) as well as hepatic (AST, ALT, ALP) enzymes are also controlled with the increased dose of the same extract. The elevated enzyme release may be due to cancer induced rupture of the plasma and cellular damage. This CT-II extract also exhibits some other pharmacological activity like anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. CONCLUSION As metabolic activation via carcinogens and inflammation response plays important role in development of cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties can be correlated with anti-cancer properties. Taken all the above studies, it was illustrated that the extract of Cyperus tegetum might be a promising compound to reduce skin cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Chatterjee
- Bengal School of Technology, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ritu Khanra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Santanu Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India.
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India.
| | - Himangshu Sekhar Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pranabesh Chakraborty
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Chattopadhyay M, Blackman Northwood M, Ward B, Sule J, Burrows NP. Are dermatoscopes a potential source of nosocomial infection in dermatology clinics? Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 39:401-3. [PMID: 24635085 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Chattopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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Chakrabarti S, Sinha M, Thakurta IG, Banerjee P, Chattopadhyay M. Oxidative stress and amyloid beta toxicity in Alzheimer's disease: intervention in a complex relationship by antioxidants. Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:4648-64. [PMID: 23834172 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113209990152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of the intriguing relationship between oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease is crucial to understand the pathogenesis of the disease as also to design a suitable drug trial with antioxidants against this condition. We begin by reviewing the basic facts about Alzheimer's disease and the chemistry and biology of oxygen free radicals with particular reference to the cellular adaptive response through redox-signalling pathways. The post-mortem evidence of oxidative damage in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients is overwhelming which is also supported by the similar changes in transgenic mice models of this disease. However, the causal relationship of oxidative stress with amyloid beta pathology or the genesis of Alzheimer's disease is not clear. Considering the available evidence the review suggests that the oxidative stress could be an early event in the disease process and may trigger various adaptive responses such as the alterations of amyloid beta metabolism and the activation of stress responsive kinases which can subsequently lead to neuronal degeneration and AD pathology. Further, we have presented a large body of evidence from various studies to highlight the beneficial effects of antioxidants against amyloid beta toxicity or AD pathology in animal or cell based models of AD. The failure of clinical trials with antioxidants against AD has been mentioned and the possible causes of such failures have been analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244, Acharya J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata 700020, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; UK
| | - R. Pramanik
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College London (Guy's Campus); UK
| | - J. A. McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College London (Guy's Campus); UK
| | - N. P. Burrows
- Department of Dermatology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; UK
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Chattopadhyay M, Rytina E, Sterling JC, Burrows NP. Anetodermic pilomatricoma in a patient with hypermobility syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 39:218-20. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - E. Rytina
- Department of Histopathology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - J. C. Sterling
- Department of Dermatology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - N. P. Burrows
- Department of Dermatology; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
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Chattopadhyay M, Rytina E, Dada M, Bhogal BS, Groves R, Handfield-Jones S. Immunobullous dermatosis associated with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia treated with rituximab. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:866-9. [PMID: 23782150 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology ; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge UK
| | - E. Rytina
- Department of Histopathology; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge UK
| | - M. Dada
- Department of Histopathology ; West Suffolk Hospital NHS Trust; Bury St Edmunds UK
| | - B. S. Bhogal
- Immunodermatology Unit; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - R. Groves
- Immunodermatology Unit; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - S. Handfield-Jones
- Department of Dermatology; West Suffolk Hospital NHS Trust; Bury St Edmunds UK
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Puri K, Dietachmayer G, Steinle P, Dix M, Rikus L, Logan L, Naughton M, Tingwell C, Xiao Y, Barras V, Bermous I, Bowen R, Deschamps L, Franklin C, Fraser J, Glowacki T, Harris B, Lee J, Le T, Roff G, Sulaiman A, Sims H, Sun X, Sun, Zhu H, Chattopadhyay M, Engel C. Implementation of the initial ACCESS numerical weather prediction system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.22499/2.6302.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chattopadhyay M, Burrows NP. Paediatric bullous dermatoses. Linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) dermatosis. Bullous impetigo. Bullous insect bite reaction. Neonatal Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2013; 98:16-7, 31. [PMID: 23111154 DOI: 10.1136/edpract-2012-302634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Chattopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Chattopadhyay M, Kumbhakar P, Tiwary CS, Mitra AK, Chatterjee U, Kobayashi T. Three-photon-induced four-photon absorption and nonlinear refraction in ZnO quantum dots. Opt Lett 2009; 34:3644-3646. [PMID: 19953148 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three-photon-induced four-photon absorption via excited-state absorption and self-defocusing nonlinear refraction are reported for the first time, to our knowledge, in ZnO quantum dots with average sizes of 2.0+/-0.1 nm with 1064 nm radiation from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at a peak intensity of 2.5 GW/cm(2). By employing the three-level two-step model, the experimental results can be explained quite satisfactorily.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chattopadhyay
- 1Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
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Chattopadhyay M, Mata M, Goss J, Wolfe D, Huang S, Glorioso JC, Fink DJ. Prolonged preservation of nerve function in diabetic neuropathy in mice by herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1550-8. [PMID: 17508196 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to determine whether prolonged expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in mice, achieved by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-mediated gene transfer with gene expression under the control of an HSV latency promoter, can provide protection against the progression of diabetic neuropathy over a 6 month period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with diabetes induced by streptozotocin were inoculated s.c. into both hind feet with a non-replicating HSV vector containing the coding sequence for NT-3 under the control of the HSV latency-associated promoter 2 (LAP2) elements or with a control vector. Nerve function was evaluated by electrophysiological and behavioural measures over the course of 6 months after the onset of diabetes. RESULTS Animals inoculated with the NT-3-expressing vector, but not animals inoculated with control vector, showed preservation of sensory and motor nerve amplitude and conduction velocity measured electrophysiologically, small fibre sensory function assessed by withdrawal from heat, autonomic function measured by pilocarpine-induced sweating, skin innervation assessed by protein gene product 9.5 staining of axons, and density of calcitonin gene-related peptide terminals in the spinal cord measured by immunohistochemistry 5.5 months after vector inoculation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate that the continuous production of NT-3 by LAP2-driven expression of the transgene from an HSV vector over a 6 month period protects against progression of diabetic neuropathy in mice, and provide a proof-of-principle demonstration for the development of a novel therapy for preventing the progression of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chattopadhyay
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Room 1914 TC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 0316, USA
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McCarthy P, Chattopadhyay M, Millhauser G, Tsarevsky N, Bombalski L, Matyjaszewski K, Shimmin D, Avdalovic N, Pohl C. Nanoengineered analytical immobilized metal affinity chromatography stationary phase by atom transfer radical polymerization: separation of synthetic prion peptides. Anal Biochem 2007; 366:1-8. [PMID: 17481564 PMCID: PMC2899152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was employed to create isolated, metal-containing nanoparticles on the surface of nonporous polymeric beads with the goal of developing a new immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) stationary phase for separating prion peptides and proteins. Transmission electron microscopy was used to visualize nanoparticles on the substrate surface. Individual ferritin molecules were also visualized as ferritin-nanoparticle complexes. The column's resolving power was tested by synthesizing peptide analogs to the copper binding region of prion protein and injecting mixtures of these analogs onto the column. As expected, the column was capable of separating prion-related peptides differing in number of octapeptide repeat units (PHGGGWGQ), (PHGGGWGQ)(2), and (PHGGGWGQ)(4). Unexpectedly, the column could also resolve peptides containing the same number of repeats but differing only in the presence of a hydrophilic tail, Q-->A substitution, or amide nitrogen methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. McCarthy
- Research and Development, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94088, USA
| | - M. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - G.L. Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - N.V. Tsarevsky
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - L. Bombalski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - K. Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - N. Avdalovic
- Research and Development, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94088, USA
| | - C. Pohl
- Research and Development, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94088, USA
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Chattopadhyay M, Krisky D, Wolfe D, Glorioso JC, Mata M, Fink DJ. HSV-mediated gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor to dorsal root ganglia prevents diabetic neuropathy. Gene Ther 2006; 12:1377-84. [PMID: 15843809 PMCID: PMC1242112 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the utility of herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector-mediated gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathy. A replication-incompetent HSV vector with VEGF under the control of the HSV ICP0 promoter (vector T0VEGF) was constructed. T0VEGF expressed and released VEGF from primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vitro, and following subcutaneous inoculation in the foot, expressed VEGF in DRG and nerve in vivo. At 2 weeks after induction of diabetes, subcutaneous inoculation of T0VEGF prevented the reduction in sensory nerve amplitude characteristic of diabetic neuropathy measured 4 weeks later, preserved autonomic function measured by pilocarpine-induced sweating, and prevented the loss of nerve fibers in the skin and reduction of neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in DRG neurons of the diabetic mice. HSV-mediated transfer of VEGF to DRG may prove useful in treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chattopadhyay
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0316, USA
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Chattopadhyay M, Gangadharan S, Kapur V, Azfer MA, Prakash B, Ali S. Satellite-tagged transcribing sequences in Bubalus bubalis genome undergo programmed modulation in meiocytes: possible implications for transcriptional inactivation. DNA Cell Biol 2001; 20:587-93. [PMID: 11747610 DOI: 10.1089/104454901317095007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We cloned and sequenced a 1378 bp BamHI satellite DNA fraction from the water buffalo Bubalus bubalis and have studied its expression in different tissues. The GC-rich sequences of the resultant contig pDS5 crosshybridize only with bovid DNA and are not conserved evolutionarily. Typing of buffalo genomic DNA using pDS5 with several restriction enzymes revealed multilocus monomorphic bands. Similar typing of cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, and gaur genomic DNA revealed variations in copy number and allele length giving rise to species-specific band patterns. Expression study of pDS5 in bubaline samples by RNA slot-blot, Northern blot, and RT-PCR showed various levels of signal in all the somatic tissues and germline cells except heart. A GenBank database search revealed homology of pDS5 sequences in the 5' region from nt 1-1261 with collagen gene. An AluI typing analysis of DNA from bubaline semen samples showed consistent loss of two bands. The presence of corresponding bands in somatic tissues suggests a sequence modulation within the pDS5 array in meiocytes during spermatogenesis, which is restored in the somatic cells after fertilization. Modulation of the satellite-tagged transcribing sequence in the meiocytes may be a mechanism of its inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
We have used the rat sciatic nerve crush (SNC) injury model to assess the neuroprotective effects of flunarizine (FNZ), a calcium channel antagonist and a vasodilator. The animals were treated with FNZ for various durations following SNC (0.33 mg/kg per day, i.p). Employing the physical disector method, we quantitated the rates of neuron loss in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord and protective effects of FNZ. FNZ treatment following SNC reduced neuron loss up to 86.6 and 82.5% in DRG sensory and spinal cord motor neurons, respectively. Functional recovery following SNC with or without FNZ treatment was assessed using the measurements of the total, 1-5 and 2-4-toe spread to quantitate percentage relative toe spread in relation to the respective controls. FNZ provided a superior return of function, i.e. near absolute recovery of both sensory and motor functions in 4 weeks, which is consistent with its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Patro
- Neurobiology and Aging Unit, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.
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Abstract
Based on materials collected during a study of risk factors associated with cervix cancer among prostitutes in Domjur, Howrah, West Bengal, this report explores various biosocial factors which may lead women to prostitution. When family and marital ties fail or disintegrate for various reasons, the life situations which a woman encounters may themselves generate a "process" of anchorlessness. The failure of family support along with the lack of ability to provide for themselves due to poverty and illiteracy were key factors why the women in this study had adopted prostitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chattopadhyay
- Sociological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta
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Abstract
Four amino acids--alanine, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, cystine, and cystein--and also one diamine, ethylenediamine, were chelated with 99m-technetium (99mTc), and their renal excretion patterns were studied in rabbits in the presence and absence of two renal tubular transport inhibitors, probenecid and 2,4-dinitrophenol. From the depression of renal excretion for the first three amino acid chelates, in the presence of the inhibitors, a renal tubular excretory pathway of elimination was suggested for these compounds. The renal excretions of 99mTc-cystein and 99mTc-ethylenediamine however, remained undepressed under similar experimental conditions. An explanation of these observations was forwarded from the possible chemical structures of these chelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chattopadhyay
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Calcutta
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Chattopadhyay M, Jalan KN, Pal AK, Banerjee SN. 99mTc-2,3-diaminopropionic acid complex as renal function agent: comparison of biological properties with 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-OIH. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 1987; 14:599-604. [PMID: 3323136 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(87)90032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The preparation, purification, biodistribution, blood disappearance kinetics and imaging characteristics of 99mTc-2,3-diamino propionic acid (99m-Tc-DAPA) is studied. The latter three studies were conducted on rabbits as the experimental animal and the data thus obtained were compared with 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) and 131I-orthoiodohippurate (131I-OIH) with a view to find a possible replacement of the latter radiopharmaceutical with a more convenient 99mTc based compound. Preliminary data indicates favourable results for 99mTc-2,3-diamino propionic acid which warrants further investigation.
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