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Monaco F, Barucco G, Licheri M, De Luca M, Labanca R, Rocchi M, Melissano G, Bertoglio L, Chiesa R, Zangrillo A. Association Between Type of Anaesthesia and Clinical Outcome in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Repair of Thoraco-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms by Fenestrated and Branched Endografts. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022; 64:489-496. [PMID: 35853581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although endovascular repair of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) is the treatment of choice in the high risk population that is ineligible for an open surgical approach, little is known about the association between the type of anaesthesia and complications. This study compared the short term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing the visceral step of TAAA with fenestrated endograft aortic repair (FEVAR) and branched endograft aortic repair (BEVAR) under general anaesthesia (GA) with sedation with monitored care anaesthesia (MAC). METHODS This single centre, retrospective, observational study recruited 124 consecutive patients undergoing elective F/BEVAR from 2014 - 2021. The primary endpoint was the short term complication rate according to the type of anaesthesia. Secondary endpoints included: need for inotropes or vasopressors for hypotension, time spent in the operating room, and admission to the intensive care unit. Propensity score matching was generated to account for the between group imbalance in the pre-operative covariables. RESULTS After propensity score matching, 42 patients under GA were matched with 42 under MAC. The two groups showed no difference in cardiac and non-cardiac complications. Among the secondary outcomes, a higher number of patients in the GA group required inotropes or vasopressors compared with MAC (33% vs. 9%; p = .031). Although GA and MAC showed the same 30 day technical success (81% vs. 83%; p = .078), non-significant lower rates of major adverse events (10% vs. 12%; p = .72), one year re-intervention (14% vs. 21%; p = .39), and one year target vessel instability (10% vs. 21%; p = .39) were observed in the GA group. Overall, the in hospital mortality rate was 4%, with no difference between GA and MAC (2% vs. 5%; p = 1.0). CONCLUSION The type of anaesthesia seemed to have no effect on procedure success, peri-operative morbidity, or mortality in patients undergoing F/BEVAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Monaco
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gaia Barucco
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Licheri
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica De Luca
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Labanca
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Rocchi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Melissano
- Department of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bertoglio
- Department of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zangrillo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Monaco F, Barucco G, Licheri M, Mattioli C, Ortalda A, Lombardi G, Pallanch O, De Luca M, Chiesa R, Melissano G, Zangrillo A. Trigger and Target for Fibrinogen Supplementation Using Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in Patients Undergoing Open Thoraco-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021; 61:799-808. [PMID: 33773905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between the value of fibrinogen assessed by the FIBTEM clot amplitude at 10 minutes (A10 FIBTEM) measured on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and the amount of drainage output at 24 hours, to investigate whether the A10 FIBTEM predicts severe bleeding (SB), and to define A10 FIBTEM thresholds to prevent (trigger) and treat (target) severe bleeding by fibrinogen supplementation. METHODS In a single centre, retrospective observational study, 166 patients underwent elective open thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair between March 2016 and January 2019. Exclusion criteria were emergency, congenital, or acquired coagulopathy, or administration of P2Y12 inhibitor antiplatelet agents in the five days before surgery. All patients were managed intra-operatively and post-operatively according to a rotational thromboelastometry driven transfusion protocol. The principal endpoint was a composite outcome, which included bleeding, large volume transfusion, and re-operation. RESULTS FIBTEM clot amplitude after 10 minutes measured on ICU admission and post-operative bleeding at 24 hours showed an inverse linear relationship (R2 = .03; p = .026). Performance of A10 FIBTEM in predicting SB evaluated by Receiving Operating Curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.63 (95% CI 0.56 - 0.70; p = .026) with a best cutoff of 9 mm. An A10 FIBTEM of 3 mm was the cutoff associated with a positive predictive value of 50%, while an A10 FIBTEM of 9 mm showed a negative predictive value of 92%. On multivariable analysis, an A10 FIBTEM ≤ 3 mm remained independently associated with SB. CONCLUSION The present investigation shows for the first time in a population undergoing open TAAA repair that an A10 FIBTEM ≤ 3mm on ICU admission is associated with post-operative severe bleeding. Trigger and target values for fibrinogen supplementation, based on A10 FIBTEM, have been provided. The transferability and reliability of these cutoff values require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Monaco
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gaia Barucco
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Licheri
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Mattioli
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ortalda
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Lombardi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavia Pallanch
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica De Luca
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Melissano
- Department of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zangrillo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Melissano G, Rinaldi E, Mascia D, Carta N, Bilman V, Bertoglio L, Kahlberg A, De Luca M, Monaco F, Chiesa R. Single-center midterm results with the low-profile Zenith Alpha thoracic endovascular stent graft. J Vasc Surg 2020; 73:1533-1540.e2. [PMID: 33065242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The analysis of endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic diseases using new low-profile stent grafts in large series is crucial to understanding the durability of these devices. The present study reports the midterm outcomes of a single-center experience using the Zenith Alpha thoracic endovascular stent graft. METHODS The outcomes of 270 procedures performed on 262 patients (197 men; mean age, 70.5 ± 9.5 years) using the Zenith Alpha thoracic endovascular stent graft from November 2013 to December 2019 for different thoracic aortic diseases were analyzed. The primary endpoints were 30-day clinical success and midterm (5-year) clinical success. The secondary endpoints were the adverse event rate at 30 days and midterm and access- and device-related complications. The follow-up of surviving patients was performed using computed tomography angiography and office visits at 1, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed for overall survival, and freedom from thoracic aortic endovascular repair-related mortality and related reinterventions. RESULTS The overall 30-day mortality was 5.2% (2.5% for elective and 30.8% for nonelective cases). Type I endoleaks were identified in six patients. The 30-day primary technical and clinical success rates were 97.8% and 92.6%, respectively. Femoral cutdown was used in 41.1% of cases and percutaneous access in 58.5%. The rate of femoral artery complications after the percutaneous approach was 5.1%, with the need for surgical conversion in 1.9%. The stroke rate was 4.1% (major stroke, 2.2%), and the spinal cord ischemia rate was 3.7% (permanent paraplegia, 0.7%). Of the 248 survivors, 239 complied with the follow-up protocol with adequate computed tomography angiograms available images. Overall follow-up survival was 94.0% at 1 year, 91.6% at 2 years, 88.9% at 3 years, and 88.5% at 5 years. The unplanned secondary endovascular procedure rate was 5.3%. No stent fractures or new-onset type I endoleaks due to stent graft migration were observed in the study cohort. CONCLUSIONS The midterm outcomes of this new generation of low-profile devices were satisfactory. The reported low incidence of secondary procedures and the absence of migrations are promising for the long-term durability of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Melissano
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Rinaldi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniele Mascia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Carta
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Victor Bilman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bertoglio
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Kahlberg
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica De Luca
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monaco
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Monaco F, Barucco G, Nardelli P, Licheri M, Notte C, De Luca M, Mattioli C, Melissano G, Chiesa R, Zangrillo A. Editor's Choice – A Rotational Thromboelastometry Driven Transfusion Strategy Reduces Allogenic Blood Transfusion During Open Thoraco-abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Propensity Score Matched Study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019; 58:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Monaco F, Pieri M, Barucco G, Karpatri V, Redaelli MB, De Luca M, Mattioli C, Bove T, Melissano G, Chiesa R, Landoni G, Zangrillo A. Epidural Analgesia in Open Thoraco-abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019; 57:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Monaco F, Di Prima AL, De Luca M, Barucco G, Zangrillo A. Periprocedural and perioperatory management of patients with tricuspid valve disease. Minerva Cardioangiol 2018; 66:691-699. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.18.04699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pieri M, De Luca M, Gerli C, Crivellari M, Buzzatti N, Denti P, Stamelos M, Zangrillo A, Landoni G, Monaco F. Anesthesiologic Management of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Transapical Procedures: Which Challenges in the Modern Era? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 33:1883-1889. [PMID: 30581110 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients undergoing transapical cardiac procedure are a minority of cardiac surgery patients but represent a challenge for cardiac anesthesiologists because they generally are older and have more comorbidities than do open heart cardiac surgery patients. The aims of this study were to describe the anesthetic experience with transapical procedures in a single high-volume center and to analyze the most critical aspects for anesthetic management. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. PARTICIPANTS All patients undergoing a cardiac transapical procedure from January 2009 to April 2018 were included in this case series. INTERVENTIONS Patients were managed by a multidisciplinary heart team. The perioperative anesthetic approach and hemodynamic management were consistent and performed by a group of trained cardiac anesthesiologists. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The study population comprised 143 patients: 81 (57%) underwent an aortic valve procedure, 60 (42%) a mitral valve intervention, 1 patient underwent a procedure involving both the aortic and mitral valves, and 1 patient underwent correction of a congenital heart defect. A major intraoperative complication occurred in 5 (3.5%) patients, the procedure was not technically feasible because of unsuitable anatomy in 3 patients, and conversion to open heart surgery was needed in 2 patients. All patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Intensive care unit stay was 1 (1-3) days, and hospital stay was 6 (5-8) days. Hospital survival was 94%. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing transapical cardiac procedures are a minority of cardiac surgery patients, but represent a high-risk population. A patient-tailored anesthetic approach, in the context of the therapeutic strategy shared by the heart team, is crucial to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pieri
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica De Luca
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Gerli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Crivellari
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Buzzatti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Denti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthaios Stamelos
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Alberto Zangrillo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monaco
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Barile L, Fominskiy E, Di Tomasso N, Alpìzar Castro LE, Landoni G, De Luca M, Bignami E, Sala A, Zangrillo A, Monaco F. Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution Reduces Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Cardiac Surgery. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:743-752. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bignami E, Guarnieri M, Franco A, Gerli C, De Luca M, Monaco F, Landoni G, Zangrillo A. Esmolol before cardioplegia and as cardioplegia adjuvant reduces cardiac troponin release after cardiac surgery. A randomized trial. Perfusion 2016; 32:313-320. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659116681437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cardioplegic solutions are the standard in myocardial protection during cardiac surgery, since they interrupt the electro-mechanical activity of the heart and protect it from ischemia during aortic cross-clamping. Nevertheless, myocardial damage has a strong clinical impact. We tested the hypothesis that the short-acting beta-blocker esmolol, given immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass and as a cardioplegia additive, would provide an extra protection to myocardial tissue during cardiopulmonary bypass by virtually reducing myocardial activity and, therefore, oxygen consumption to zero. Materials and methods: This was a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase IV trial. Adult patients undergoing elective valvular and non-valvular cardiac surgery with end diastolic diameter >60 mm and ejection fraction <50% were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either esmolol, 1 mg/kg before aortic cross-clamping and 2 mg/kg with Custodiol® crystalloid cardioplegia or equivolume placebo. The primary end-point was peak postoperative troponin T concentration. Troponin was measured at Intensive Care Unit arrival and at 4, 24 and 48 hours. Secondary endpoints included ventricular fibrillation after cardioplegic arrest, need for inotropic support and intensive care unit and hospital stay. Results: We found a reduction in peak postoperative troponin T, from 1195 ng/l (690–2730) in the placebo group to 640 ng/l (544–1174) in the esmolol group (p=0.029) with no differences in Intensive Care Unit stay [3 days (1-6) in the placebo group and 3 days (2-5) in the esmolol group] and hospital stay [7 days (6–10) in the placebo group and 7 days (6–12) in the esmolol group]. Troponin peak occurred at 24 hours for 12 patients (26%) and at 4 hours for the others (74%). There were no differences in other secondary end-points. Conclusions: Adding esmolol to the cardioplegia in high-risk patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery reduces peak postoperative troponin levels. Further investigation is necessary to assess esmolol effects on major clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bignami
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Guarnieri
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Franco
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Gerli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica De Luca
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monaco
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zangrillo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Monaco F, Oriani A, De Luca M, Bignami E, Sala A, Chiesa R, Melissano G, Zangrillo A. Thoracic aorta aneurysm open repair in heart transplant recipient; the anesthesiologist's perspective. Ann Card Anaesth 2016; 19:201-4. [PMID: 26750703 PMCID: PMC4900380 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.173049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many years following transplantation, heart transplant recipients may require noncardiac major surgeries. Anesthesia in such patients may be challenging due to physiological and pharmacological problems regarding allograft denervation and difficult immunosuppressive management. Massive hemorrhage, hypoperfusion, renal, respiratory failure, and infections are some of the most frequent complications related to thoracic aorta aneurysm repair. Understanding how to optimize hemodynamic and infectious risks may have a substantial impact on the outcome. This case report aims at discussing risk stratification and anesthetic management of a 54-year-old heart transplant female recipient, affected by Marfan syndrome, undergoing thoracic aorta aneurysm repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Monaco
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Zangrillo A, Putzu A, Monaco F, Oriani A, Frau G, De Luca M, Di Tomasso N, Bignami E, Lomivorotov V, Likhvantsev V, Landoni G. Levosimendan reduces mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Crit Care 2015; 30:908-13. [PMID: 26093802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is controversy about the use of inotropes in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. The objective of this study was to evaluate if levosimendan, as compared with standard inotropic therapy (eg, dobutamine), reduces mortality in septic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS BioMedCentral, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register were searched for pertinent studies, up to 1st May 2015. Randomized trials on the use of levosimendan in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock were included if reporting mortality data. The primary outcome was mortality, whereas secondary outcomes were blood lactate, cardiac index, total fluid infused, norepinephrine dosage, and mean arterial pressure. RESULTS Seven studies for a total of 246 patients were included in the analysis. Levosimendan was associated with significantly reduced mortality compared with standard inotropic therapy (59/125 [47%] in the levosimendan group and 74/121 [61%] in the control group; risk difference = -0.14, risk ratio = 0.79 [0.63-0.98], P for effect = .03, I(2) = 0%, numbers needed to treat = 7). Blood lactate was significantly reduced in the levosimendan group, whereas cardiac index and total fluid infused were significantly higher in the levosimendan group. No difference in mean arterial pressure and norepinephrine usage was noted. CONCLUSIONS In patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, levosimendan is associated with a significant reduction in mortality compared with standard inotropic therapy. A large ongoing multicenter randomized trial will have to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zangrillo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Putzu
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Monaco
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Oriani
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Frau
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica De Luca
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nora Di Tomasso
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Bignami
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Vladimir Lomivorotov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Valery Likhvantsev
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Department, Moscow Regional Clinical & Research Institute, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Monaco F, Biselli C, Landoni G, De Luca M, Lembo R, Covello RD, Zangrillo A. Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves early outcome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for mitral regurgitation: a propensity-matched study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 27:445-50. [PMID: 23672861 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no large studies that investigate the effect of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) combined with general anesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing valvular surgery. The authors hypothesized that TEA might improve clinically relevant endpoints in patients with primary mitral regurgitation. DESIGN Propensity-matched study. SETTING Cardiac surgery. PARTICIPANTS Patients scheduled for mitral valve repair or replacement were studied. INTERVENTIONS A propensity model was constructed to match 33 patients receiving TEA combined with GA with 33 patients receiving standard GA alone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Overall, the TEA group suffered fewer adverse events than the GA group: 10 (30%) v 23 (10%) with p = 0.002. In particular, the TEA group had a lower incidence of pulmonary events, 6 (18%) v 15 (45%) with p = 0.02, and of cardiac events, 8 (24%) v 16 (49%) with p = 0.04. Median (interquartile) time on mechanical ventilation was reduced in the TEA group, 11 (9-15) v 17 (12-36) with p = 0.007. CONCLUSIONS This propensity-matched study suggested that TEA might be advantageous in patients undergoing surgery for mitral regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Monaco
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Monaco F, Biselli C, De Luca M, Landoni G, Lembo R, Zangrillo A. Thoracic epidural anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery for mitral regurgitation feasibility study. Ann Card Anaesth 2012; 15:164-5. [PMID: 22508213 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.95085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Monaco F, Landoni G, Biselli C, De Luca M, Frau G, Bignami E, Januzzi JL, Zangrillo A. Predictors of cardiac troponin release after mitral valve surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 24:931-8. [PMID: 20832335 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measurement is used extensively as a marker of perioperative myocardial injury, limited knowledge exists in noncoronary artery bypass graft surgery. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Single-center intensive care unit. INTERVENTION None. PARTICIPANTS One hundred eighty-five consecutive adult patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for predominant mitral regurgitation were enrolled and underwent measurement of cTnI at 24 hours after surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS CTnI release after mitral valve surgery was significantly associated with an adverse outcome. The optimal cTnI value for predicting adverse outcomes was 14 ng/mL. Univariate preoperative predictors of cTnI release were prior use of diuretics (p = 0.04) or a rheumatic (p = 0.006), ischemic (p = 0.004), or myxomatous (p = 0.005) etiology to mitral disease, whereas intraoperative variables predictive of cTnI release were cross-clamp time (p = 0.005), cardiopulmonary bypass time (p < 0.001), need for mitral valve replacement (p = 0.024), number of electrical cardioversions (p = 0.03), patent foramen ovale closure (p = 0.03), tricuspid valve repair (p = 0.04), need for epinephrine/norepinephrine (p = 0.004) or intra-aortic balloon pump (p = 0.03) in the operating room; and, finally, the surgeon who performed the surgery (p = 0.014). There were no postoperative predictors of excessive cTnI release. In multivariate analysis, the only predictors of cTnI release were the cardiopulmonary bypass time (odds ratio, 1.42; confidence intervals, 1.019-1.064; p = 0.001) and the infusion of epinephrine/norepinephrine in the operating room (odds ratio, 4.002; confidence intervals, 1.238-12.929; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS After mitral surgery, the need for epinephrine/norepinephrine perioperatively and the cardiopulmonary bypass time independently predict a cTnI release significantly related to an adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Monaco
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Crescenzi G, Landoni G, Monaco F, Bignami E, De Luca M, Frau G, Rosica C, Zangrillo A. Epidural Anesthesia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009; 23:807-12. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Landoni G, Calabrò MG, Marchetti C, Bignami E, Scandroglio AM, Dedola E, De Luca M, Tritapepe L, Crescenzi G, Zangrillo A. Desflurane Versus Propofol in Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007; 21:672-7. [PMID: 17905272 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial ischemic damage is reduced by volatile anesthetics in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but it is unknown whether this benefit exists in patients undergoing valvular surgery with ischemia-reperfusion injury related to cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass. This study compared cardiac troponin release in patients receiving either volatile anesthetics or total intravenous anesthesia for mitral valve surgery. DESIGN Randomized controlled study. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS One hundred twenty patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. INTERVENTIONS Fifty-nine patients received the volatile anesthetic desflurane for 30 minutes before cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas 61 patients received a total intravenous anesthetic with propofol. All patients had an opioid-based anesthetic for the mitral valve surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Peak postoperative troponin I release was measured as a marker of myocardial necrosis after mitral valve surgery. Patient mean age was 60 years, and 54% were men. There was no significant (p = 0.7) reduction in median (25th-75th percentiles) postoperative peak troponin, 11.0 (7.5-17.4) ng/dL in the desflurane group versus 11.5 (6.9-18.0) ng/dL in the propofol group. A subgroup of patients with concomitant coronary artery disease had the expected reduction (p = 0.02) of peak troponin I in those receiving desflurane, 14.0 (9.7-17.3) ng/dL, when compared with patients receiving total intravenous anesthesia, 31.6 (15.7-52.0) ng/dL. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial damage measured by cardiac troponin release was not reduced by volatile anesthetics in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery, whereas it was reduced in patients with concomitant coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italia e Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Alberici A, Bonato C, Borroni B, Cotelli M, Mattioli F, Binetti G, Gennarelli M, Luca MD, Simonati A, Perani D, Rossini P, Padovani A. Dementia, delusions and seizures: storage disease or genetic AD? Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:1057-9. [PMID: 17718701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of a young patient suffering from a rapidly progressive cognitive decline, associated with delusions, myoclonus and seizures and with no family history for dementia. Clinical features, along with skin biopsy findings were overlapping storage disease; the genetic analysis, however, demonstrated a de novo presenilin 1 mutation. The present report suggests the usefulness of genetic determinations in early-onset cases of dementia, even without an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance; for these cases and their relatives an extensive genetic counselling should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alberici
- Alzheimer Unit, IRCCS-S. Giovanni di Dio-FBF, Brescia, Italy.
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Landoni G, Biondi-Zoccai GGL, Tumlin JA, Bove T, De Luca M, Calabrò MG, Ranucci M, Zangrillo A. Beneficial Impact of Fenoldopam in Critically Ill Patients With or at Risk for Acute Renal Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 49:56-68. [PMID: 17185146 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury is common in critically ill patients. Fenoldopam mesylate is a potent dopamine A-1 receptor agonist that increases blood flow to the renal cortex and outer medulla. Because there is uncertainty about the benefits of fenoldopam in such a setting, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of intensive care unit patients or those undergoing major surgery. METHODS BioMedCentral, CENTRAL, PubMed, and conference proceedings were searched (updated October 2005). Investigators and external experts were contacted. Two unblinded reviewers selected randomized controlled trials that used fenoldopam in the prevention or treatment of acute kidney injury in postoperative or intensive care patients. Studies involving the prevention of contrast nephropathy or containing duplicate data were excluded from analysis. Two reviewers independently abstracted patient data, treatment characteristics, and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 1,290 patients from 16 randomized studies were included in the analysis. Pooled estimates showed that fenoldopam consistently and significantly reduced the risk for acute kidney injury (odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 0.59; P < 0.001), need for renal replacement therapy (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.84; P = 0.007), and in-hospital death (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.91; P = 0.01). These benefits were associated with shorter intensive care unit stay (weighted mean difference, -0.61 days; 95% CI, -0.99 to -0.23; P = 0.002). Sensitivity analyses, tests for small-study bias, and heterogeneity assessment further confirmed the main analysis. CONCLUSION This analysis suggests that fenoldopam reduces the need for renal replacement and mortality in patients with acute kidney injury. A large, multicenter, appropriately powered trial will need to be performed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italia.
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Guarracino F, Landoni G, Tritapepe L, Pompei F, Leoni A, Aletti G, Scandroglio AM, Maselli D, De Luca M, Marchetti C, Crescenzi G, Zangrillo A. Myocardial Damage Prevented by Volatile Anesthetics: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006; 20:477-83. [PMID: 16884976 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of volatile anesthesia versus total intravenous anesthesia on cardiac troponin release in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). DESIGN The authors performed a multicenter randomized controlled study to compare cardiac troponin release in patients receiving either volatile anesthetics or total intravenous anesthesia for cardiac surgery on the beating heart, which is an excellent model of human myocardial ischemia. SETTING Three university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS The authors randomly assigned 57 patients to desflurane (volatile anesthetic) and 55 patients to propofol (intravenous anesthetic) in addition to an opiate-based anesthesia for OPCAB. INTERVENTIONS The 2 groups of patients received either desflurane (volatile anesthetic) or propofol in addition to an opiate-based anesthesia for OPCAB. Peak postoperative troponin I release was measured as a marker of myocardial necrosis. Prolonged hospitalization was considered as a secondary outcome. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patient mean age was 69 years, and 82% were men. There was a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in postoperative median (25th-75th percentiles) peak of troponin I in patients receiving volatile anesthetics, 1.2 (0.9-1.9) ng/dL, compared with patients receiving total intravenous anesthesia, 2.7 (2.1-4.0) ng/dL. This myocardial protection resulted in a reduced (p = 0.04) number (percentage) of patients requiring postoperative inotropes, 20 (35%) versus 31 (56%), and a reduced number (percentage) of patients submitted to prolonged hospitalization (> or =7 days), 7 (12%) versus 20 (36%) in the 2 groups (p = 0.005). One patient receiving total intravenous anesthesia died within 30 days of surgery. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial damage measured by cardiac troponin release could be reduced by volatile anesthetics during OPCAB. Because patients underwent cardiac surgery on the beating heart, these results could have implications for cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Guarracino
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and ICU and Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Cisanello Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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