1
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Li S, Li W, Yuan J, Bullova P, Wu J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Plescher M, Rodriguez J, Bedoya-Reina OC, Jannig PR, Valente-Silva P, Yu M, Henriksson MA, Zubarev RA, Smed-Sörensen A, Suzuki CK, Ruas JL, Holmberg J, Larsson C, Christofer Juhlin C, von Kriegsheim A, Cao Y, Schlisio S. Publisher Correction: Impaired oxygen-sensitive regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis within the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1421. [PMID: 36076077 PMCID: PMC9584813 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuijie Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Wenyu Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Bullova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Plescher
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Rodriguez
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Oscar C Bedoya-Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Valente-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Roman A Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Schlisio
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Hansen JN, Brückner M, Pietrowski MJ, Jikeli JF, Plescher M, Beckert H, Schnaars M, Fülle L, Reitmeier K, Langmann T, Förster I, Boche D, Petzold GC, Halle A. MotiQ: an open-source toolbox to quantify the cell motility and morphology of microglia. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar99. [PMID: 35731557 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary resident innate immune cells of the CNS. They possess branched, motile cell processes that are important for their cellular functions. To study the pathways that control microglial morphology and motility under physiological and disease conditions, it is necessary to quantify microglial morphology and motility precisely and reliably. Several image analysis approaches are available for the quantification of microglial morphology and motility. However, they are either not automated, not freely accessible, and/or limited in the number of morphology and motility parameters that can be assessed. Thus, we have developed MotiQ, an open-source, freely accessible software for automated quantification of microglial motility and morphology. MotiQ allows quantification of a diverse set of cellular motility and morphology parameters, including the parameters that have become the gold standard in the microglia field. We demonstrate that MotiQ can be applied to in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro data from confocal, epifluorescence, or two-photon microscopy, and we compare its results to other analysis approaches. We suggest MotiQ as a versatile and customizable tool to study microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan N Hansen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Max-Planck Research Group Neuroimmunology and
| | | | - Marie J Pietrowski
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan F Jikeli
- Minerva Research Group Molecular Physiology, Research Center Caesar, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Plescher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Max-Planck Research Group Neuroimmunology and
| | - Hannes Beckert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Max-Planck Research Group Neuroimmunology and
| | | | - Lorenz Fülle
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Reitmeier
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology and
| | - Annett Halle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Max-Planck Research Group Neuroimmunology and.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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3
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Li S, Li W, Yuan J, Bullova P, Wu J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Plescher M, Rodriguez J, Bedoya-Reina OC, Jannig PR, Valente-Silva P, Yu M, Henriksson MA, Zubarev RA, Smed-Sörensen A, Suzuki CK, Ruas JL, Holmberg J, Larsson C, Christofer Juhlin C, von Kriegsheim A, Cao Y, Schlisio S. Impaired oxygen-sensitive regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis within the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Nat Metab 2022; 4:739-758. [PMID: 35760869 PMCID: PMC9236906 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main consumers of oxygen within the cell. How mitochondria sense oxygen levels remains unknown. Here we show an oxygen-sensitive regulation of TFAM, an activator of mitochondrial transcription and replication, whose alteration is linked to tumours arising in the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. TFAM is hydroxylated by EGLN3 and subsequently bound by the von Hippel-Lindau tumour-suppressor protein, which stabilizes TFAM by preventing mitochondrial proteolysis. Cells lacking wild-type VHL or in which EGLN3 is inactivated have reduced mitochondrial mass. Tumorigenic VHL variants leading to different clinical manifestations fail to bind hydroxylated TFAM. In contrast, cells harbouring the Chuvash polycythaemia VHLR200W mutation, involved in hypoxia-sensing disorders without tumour development, are capable of binding hydroxylated TFAM. Accordingly, VHL-related tumours, such as pheochromocytoma and renal cell carcinoma cells, display low mitochondrial content, suggesting that impaired mitochondrial biogenesis is linked to VHL tumorigenesis. Finally, inhibiting proteolysis by targeting LONP1 increases mitochondrial content in VHL-deficient cells and sensitizes therapy-resistant tumours to sorafenib treatment. Our results offer pharmacological avenues to sensitize therapy-resistant VHL tumours by focusing on the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuijie Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Wenyu Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Bullova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Plescher
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Rodriguez
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Oscar C Bedoya-Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Valente-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Roman A Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Schlisio
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Bedoya-Reina OC, Li W, Arceo M, Plescher M, Bullova P, Pui H, Kaucka M, Kharchenko P, Martinsson T, Holmberg J, Adameyko I, Deng Q, Larsson C, Juhlin CC, Kogner P, Schlisio S. Single-nuclei transcriptomes from human adrenal gland reveal distinct cellular identities of low and high-risk neuroblastoma tumors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5309. [PMID: 34493726 PMCID: PMC8423786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood neuroblastoma has a remarkable variability in outcome. Age at diagnosis is one of the most important prognostic factors, with children less than 1 year old having favorable outcomes. Here we study single-cell and single-nuclei transcriptomes of neuroblastoma with different clinical risk groups and stages, including healthy adrenal gland. We compare tumor cell populations with embryonic mouse sympatho-adrenal derivatives, and post-natal human adrenal gland. We provide evidence that low and high-risk neuroblastoma have different cell identities, representing two disease entities. Low-risk neuroblastoma presents a transcriptome that resembles sympatho- and chromaffin cells, whereas malignant cells enriched in high-risk neuroblastoma resembles a subtype of TRKB+ cholinergic progenitor population identified in human post-natal gland. Analyses of these populations reveal different gene expression programs for worst and better survival in correlation with age at diagnosis. Our findings reveal two cellular identities and a composition of human neuroblastoma tumors reflecting clinical heterogeneity and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Bedoya-Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - W Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Arceo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Plescher
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Bullova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Pui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Kaucka
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - P Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Martinsson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Holmberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Q Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C C Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Kogner
- Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Schlisio
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Reichenbach N, Delekate A, Plescher M, Schmitt F, Krauss S, Blank N, Halle A, Petzold GC. Inhibition of Stat3-mediated astrogliosis ameliorates pathology in an Alzheimer's disease model. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:emmm.201809665. [PMID: 30617153 PMCID: PMC6365929 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its role for disease initiation and progression has remained incompletely understood. We here show that the transcription factor Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), a canonical inducer of astrogliosis, is activated in an AD mouse model and human AD. Therefore, using a conditional knockout approach, we deleted Stat3 specifically in astrocytes in the APP/PS1 model of AD. We found that Stat3‐deficient APP/PS1 mice show decreased β‐amyloid levels and plaque burden. Plaque‐close microglia displayed a more complex morphology, internalized more β‐amyloid, and upregulated amyloid clearance pathways in Stat3‐deficient mice. Moreover, astrocyte‐specific Stat3‐deficient APP/PS1 mice showed decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokine activation and lower dystrophic neurite burden, and were largely protected from cerebral network imbalance. Finally, Stat3 deletion in astrocytes also strongly ameliorated spatial learning and memory decline in APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, these protective effects on network dysfunction and cognition were recapitulated in APP/PS1 mice systemically treated with a preclinical Stat3 inhibitor drug. In summary, our data implicate Stat3‐mediated astrogliosis as an important therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Delekate
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Plescher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Sybille Krauss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nelli Blank
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Annett Halle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Chhabra Y, Nelson CN, Plescher M, Barclay JL, Smith AG, Andrikopoulos S, Mangiafico S, Waxman DJ, Brooks AJ, Waters MJ. Loss of growth hormone-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling in mice results in insulin sensitivity with obesity. FASEB J 2019; 33:6412-6430. [PMID: 30779881 PMCID: PMC6463913 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802328r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) has an important function as an insulin antagonist with elevated insulin sensitivity evident in humans and mice lacking a functional GH receptor (GHR). We sought the molecular basis for this sensitivity by utilizing a panel of mice possessing specific deletions of GHR signaling pathways. Metabolic clamps and glucose homeostasis tests were undertaken in these obese adult C57BL/6 male mice, which indicated impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis. Insulin sensitivity and glucose disappearance rate were enhanced in muscle and adipose of mice lacking the ability to activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 via the GHR (Ghr-391-/-) as for GHR-null (GHR-/-) mice. These changes were associated with a striking inhibition of hepatic glucose output associated with altered glycogen metabolism and elevated hepatic glycogen content during unfed state. The enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity was associated with increased insulin receptor β and insulin receptor substrate 1 activation along with activated downstream protein kinase B signaling cascades. Although phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck)-1 expression was unchanged, its inhibitory acetylation was elevated because of decreased sirtuin-2 expression, thereby promoting loss of PCK1. Loss of STAT5 signaling to defined chromatin immunoprecipitation targets would further increase lipogenesis, supporting hepatosteatosis while lowering glucose output. Finally, up-regulation of IL-15 expression in muscle, with increased secretion of adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 1 from adipose tissue, is expected to promote insulin sensitivity.-Chhabra, Y., Nelson, C. N., Plescher, M., Barclay, J. L., Smith, A. G., Andrikopoulos, S., Mangiafico, S., Waxman, D. J., Brooks, A. J., Waters, M. J. Loss of growth hormone-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling in mice results in insulin sensitivity with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Chhabra
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caroline N Nelson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monika Plescher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johanna L Barclay
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron G Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sof Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Brooks
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Waters
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Reichenbach N, Delekate A, Breithausen B, Keppler K, Poll S, Schulte T, Peter J, Plescher M, Hansen JN, Blank N, Keller A, Fuhrmann M, Henneberger C, Halle A, Petzold GC. P2Y1 receptor blockade normalizes network dysfunction and cognition in an Alzheimer's disease model. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1649-1663. [PMID: 29724785 PMCID: PMC5987918 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic hyperactivity is an important contributor to neuronal-glial network dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously shown that astrocyte hyperactivity is mediated by signaling through the P2Y1 purinoreceptor (P2Y1R) pathway. Using the APPPS1 mouse model of AD, we here find that chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of P2Y1R inhibitors normalizes astroglial and neuronal network dysfunction, as measured by in vivo two-photon microscopy, augments structural synaptic integrity, and preserves hippocampal long-term potentiation. These effects occur independently from β-amyloid metabolism or plaque burden but are associated with a higher morphological complexity of periplaque reactive astrocytes, as well as reduced dystrophic neurite burden and greater plaque compaction. Importantly, APPPS1 mice chronically treated with P2Y1R antagonists, as well as APPPS1 mice carrying an astrocyte-specific genetic deletion (Ip3r2-/-) of signaling pathways downstream of P2Y1R activation, are protected from the decline of spatial learning and memory. In summary, our study establishes the restoration of network homoeostasis by P2Y1R inhibition as a novel treatment target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Björn Breithausen
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Keppler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Poll
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jan Peter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jan N Hansen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nelli Blank
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Armin Keller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Christian Henneberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Annett Halle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Plescher M, Seifert G, Hansen JN, Bedner P, Steinhäuser C, Halle A. Plaque-dependent morphological and electrophysiological heterogeneity of microglia in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Glia 2018; 66:1464-1480. [PMID: 29493017 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the central nervous system resident innate immune cells, cluster around Aβ plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The activation phenotype of these plaque-associated microglial cells, and their differences to microglia distant to Aβ plaques, are incompletely understood. We used novel three-dimensional cell analysis software to comprehensively analyze the morphological properties of microglia in the TgCRND8 mouse model of AD in spatial relation to Aβ plaques. We found strong morphological changes exclusively in plaque-associated microglia, whereas plaque-distant microglia showed only minor changes. In addition, patch-clamp recordings of microglia in acute cerebral slices of TgCRND8 mice revealed increased K+ currents in plaque-associated but not plaque-distant microglia. Within the subgroup of plaque-associated microglia, two different current profiles were detected. One subset of cells displayed only increased inward currents, while a second subset showed both increased inward and outward currents, implicating that the plaque microenvironment differentially impacts microglial ion channel expression. Using pharmacological channel blockers, multiplex single-cell PCR analysis and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, we identified Kir and Kv channel types contributing to the in- and outward K+ conductance in plaque-associated microglia. In summary, we have identified a previously unrecognized level of morphological and electrophysiological heterogeneity of microglia in relation to amyloid plaques, suggesting that microglia may display multiple activation states in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Plescher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerald Seifert
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Hansen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Bedner
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annett Halle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Abstract
mTORC1 promotes cell growth and is therefore inactivated upon unfavourable growth conditions. Signalling pathways downstream of most cellular stresses converge on TSC1/2, which serves as an integration point that inhibits mTORC1. The TSC1/2 complex was shown to translocate to lysosomes to inactivate mTORC1 in response to two stresses: amino-acid starvation and growth factor removal. Whether other stresses also regulate TSC2 localization is not known. How TSC2 localization responds to combinations of stresses and other stimuli is also unknown. We show that both amino acids and growth factors are required simultaneously to maintain TSC2 cytoplasmic; when one of the two is missing, TSC2 relocalizes to lysosomes. Furthermore, multiple different stresses that inhibit mTORC1 also drive TSC2 lysosomal accumulation. Our findings indicate that lysosomal recruitment of TSC2 is a universal response to stimuli that inactivate mTORC1, and that the presence of any single stress is sufficient to cause TSC2 lysosomal localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Demetriades
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Plescher
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A. Teleman
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Plescher M, Teleman AA, Demetriades C. TSC2 mediates hyperosmotic stress-induced inactivation of mTORC1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13828. [PMID: 26345496 PMCID: PMC4642562 DOI: 10.1038/srep13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates cell growth and metabolism. mTORC1 activity is regulated via integration of positive growth-promoting stimuli and negative stress stimuli. One stress cells confront in physiological and pathophysiological contexts is hyperosmotic stress. The mechanism by which hyperosmotic stress regulates mTORC1 activity is not well understood. We show here that mild hyperosmotic stress induces a rapid and reversible inactivation of mTORC1 via a mechanism involving multiple upstream signaling pathways. We find that hyperosmotic stress causes dynamic changes in TSC2 phosphorylation by upstream kinases, such as Akt, thereby recruiting TSC2 from the cytoplasm to lysosomes where it acts on Rheb, the direct activator of mTORC1. This work puts together a signaling pathway whereby hyperosmotic stress inactivates mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Plescher
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantinos Demetriades
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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