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Estevam LGTM, Fonseca Junior AA, Silvestre BT, Hemetrio NS, Almeida LR, Oliveira MM, Silva SM, Ribeiro MFB, Silveira JAG. Seven years of evaluation of ectoparasites and vector-borne pathogens among ring-tailed coatis in an urban park in southeastern Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2020; 21:100442. [PMID: 32862904 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wild animals have been recognized as potential reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens. Proximity between these animals and urban areas increases the need to know which pathogens these are and whether they can infect domestic animals and humans. In Mangabeiras Municipal Park in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, coatis live near the urban area, which is mainly occupied by human residents and their domestic animals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to detect, through molecular and direct methods, the presence of ectoparasites and hemoparasites in coatis. A total of 216 samples were collected, of which 209 samples were from first-captures and seven were from recaptures. The following parasites were found: ticks of the genus Amblyomma, lice of the species Neotrichodectes pallidus and fleas of the species Rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi and Ctenocephalides felis felis. All the samples were negative for the family Anaplasmataceae and the species Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma cruzi. The hemoparasites Trypanosoma evansi, Hepatozoon procyonis, Babesia sp. and Sarcocystis neurona were found. The area of the present study is not endemic for T. evansi, which therefore suggests that these coatis may be acting as reservoirs or sentinels of this parasite. This finding is of great epidemiological importance and should be investigated more closely. Thus, this study showed that there is a great variety of pathogens in the park that transit among coatis and, probably, among other animals that inhabit or live close to the park.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G T M Estevam
- Departament of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A A Fonseca Junior
- National Agriculture and Livestock Laboratory - LANAGRO, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - MAPA, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - B T Silvestre
- Departament of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - N S Hemetrio
- City Hall of Belo Horizonte, Municipal Parks Foundation, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L R Almeida
- Departament of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M M Oliveira
- Departament of Imunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S M Silva
- Departament of Imunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M F B Ribeiro
- Departament of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J A G Silveira
- Departament of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Cangussu ASR, Mariúba LAM, Lalwani P, Pereira KDES, Astolphi-Filho S, Orlandi PP, Epiphanio S, Viana KF, Ribeiro MFB, Silva HM, Marinho CRF, Nogueira PA. A hybrid protein containing MSP1a repeats and Omp7, Omp8 and Omp9 epitopes protect immunized BALB/c mice against anaplasmosis. Vet Res 2018; 49:6. [PMID: 29351812 PMCID: PMC5775529 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale) has a remarkable impact on livestock production, and an effective vaccine is not currently available due to the inexistence of a small animal model. Recently, BALB/c mice were successfully infected with A. marginale, resulting in an acute and persistent anaplasmosis infection. Here, we designed a hybrid protein containing repeats of polypeptide 1a from major surface protein-1 complex (MSP1a) repeats and common epitopes of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) OMP7, OMP8 and OMP9 expressed in Escherichia coli. Our proof-of-concept assessed vaccinal effectiveness against a challenge with live bacteria. The MSP1a/OMP7/8/9 immunized BALB/C mice exhibited a strong reduction in rickettsemia and had no signs of anaplasmosis or hepatic lesions. In contrast, the non-immunized mice exhibited signs of anaplasmosis and a body weight loss associated with increases in monocyte and neutrophil counts. Furthermore, the non-immunized mice displayed atrophies with chronic inflammatory infiltrates in the spleen and increased binucleation and hydropic degeneration in the hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrated that immunization with our hybrid protein induced a strong reduction in rickettsemia and conferred protection against anaplasmosis. Therefore, given the strong evidence of the protective effect against anaplasmosis, hybrid protein designs are potential candidates for the rational design of vaccinal subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sander R Cangussu
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas-Programa de pós-graduação em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Manaus, AM/Brasil, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal do Tocantins-Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Gurupi, TO/Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Luis André M Mariúba
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
| | | | - Spartaco Astolphi-Filho
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas-Programa de pós-graduação em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Manaus, AM/Brasil, Brazil
| | - Patricia P Orlandi
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Kelvison F Viana
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins-Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Gurupi, TO/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Mucio Flavio B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Hidelberto M Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Unirg, Gurupi, Tocantins/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Nogueira
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
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Zweygarth E, Schöl H, Lis K, Cabezas Cruz A, Thiel C, Silaghi C, Ribeiro MFB, Passos LMF. In vitro culture of a novel genotype of Ehrlichia sp. from Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 60 Suppl 2:86-92. [PMID: 24589106 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichiae are obligate intracytoplasmic Gram-negative, tick-borne bacteria belonging to the Anaplasmataceae family. Ehrlichioses are considered emerging diseases in both humans and animals. Several members of the genus Ehrlichia have been isolated and propagated in vitro. This study describes the continuous propagation of a Brazilian Ehrlichia sp. isolate in IDE8 tick cells, canine DH82 cells and bovine aorta cells. Initially, the organisms were isolated from the haemolymph of a Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick into IDE8 cells. Infected IDE8 cells were brought from Brazil to Germany, where the organisms were continuously propagated in IDE8, DH82 and bovine aorta cells. Bovine aorta cells were infected and propagated for 3 months, corresponding to six subcultures, whereas the other two infected cell lines were kept for more than 1 year. During the cultivation period, 36 and 14 subcultures were carried out in IDE8 and DH82 cell cultures, respectively. Reinfection of IDE8 cells with organisms grown in DH82 cells was achieved. Sequence analysis made with a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene showed that this Ehrlicha sp. is closely related to Ehrlichia canis. However, the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree shows that it falls in a separate phylogenetic clade from E. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zweygarth
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Kenneil R, Shkap V, Leibovich B, Zweygarth E, Pfister K, Ribeiro MFB, Passos LMF. Cross-protection between geographically distinct Anaplasma marginale isolates appears to be constrained by limited antibody responses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 60 Suppl 2:97-104. [PMID: 24589108 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rickettsia Anaplasma marginale causes the haemolytic disease bovine anaplasmosis, an economic problem in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. The closely related but less pathogenic Anaplasma centrale is commonly used as a live vaccine to prevent anaplasmosis, but it can only be produced from infected blood. UFMG1 is a low pathogenic Brazilian strain of A. marginale, which has been shown to protect cattle against a high pathogenic Brazilian isolate. As UFMG1 can be grown in tick cells, the strain was proposed as a possible cell culture-derived vaccine. We have evaluated whether UFMG1 could protect cattle against a geographically distant heterologous strain, using A. centrale vaccination as a standard for comparison. Trial calves were infected with UFMG1, A. centrale or PBS. UFMG1-infected animals were more symptomatic than those infected with A. centrale, but none required treatment. All calves were then challenged with the Israeli A. marginale Gonen strain (one of the most prevalent strain in Israel). The A. centrale group had the mildest symptoms, while UFMG1 and control groups both had a more severe response. Nevertheless, the challenge did not cause life-threatening disease in any group. Animals infected with A. centrale had a significantly higher IgG response than UFMG1, when measured in an ELISA against initial bodies from their homologous strain or Gonen. The level of cross-reactivity of the response to initial infection correlated significantly with reduced symptoms after challenge. In conclusion, UFMG1 had limited effect in preventing disease by the geographically distant heterologous Gonen strain. While the low pathogenicity of the Gonen strain in this trial makes it impossible to conclusively state that UFMG1 would have given no protective effect against more serious disease, the comparatively low IgG response to UFMG1 suggests it would not have been as effective as A. centrale.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kenneil
- Institute for Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Silveira JAG, Rabelo EML, Ribeiro MFB. Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens of the family Anaplasmataceae in Brazilian brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira, Fischer, 1814) and marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus, Illiger, 1815). Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 59:353-60. [PMID: 22136597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deer are important natural reservoir hosts of Anaplasmataceae. The present study used nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing to evaluate the occurrence of Anaplasmataceae species in 23 free-living and six captive specimens of the cervids Mazama gouazoubira and Blastocerus dichotomus in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Blood samples were tested for the presence of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp. using nPCR assays and sequencing of the msp4, msp1 and 16S rRNA genes. The identity of each sequence was confirmed by comparison with sequences available from GenBank using BLAST software. Of the animals investigated, 93.1% (27/29) were infected with haemoparasites including Anaplasma marginale (79.3%), Ehrlichia chaffeensis (3.4%), Anaplasma bovis (3.4%) and Anaplasma spp. (assigned to A. platys and A. phagocytophilum) (17.2%). Co-infection occurred in 20% (6/29) of the deer examined. Four (13.8%) were infected with A. marginale and Anaplasma sp., one (3.4%) was infected with A. marginale and E. chaffeensis, and one (3.4%) was infected with A. marginale and A. bovis. The results of the present study suggest that cross-protection does not occur in these deer. Immunological cross-reaction occurs when sera are tested diagnostically because these bacteria are closely related taxonomically, reinforcing the importance of molecular diagnosis followed by nucleotide sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A G Silveira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Esteves E, Bastos CV, Zivkovic Z, de La Fuente J, Kocan K, Blouin E, Ribeiro MFB, Passos LMF, Daffre S. Propagation of a Brazilian isolate of Anaplasma marginale with appendage in a tick cell line (BME26) derived from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Vet Parasitol 2008; 161:150-3. [PMID: 19150177 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle responsible for the disease anaplasmosis. Data suggest that Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R. annulatus may be the major tick vectors of A. marginale in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In this work we demonstrated the first infection and propagation of a Brazilian isolate of A. marginale (UFMG1) in the BME26 cell line derived originally from embryos of R. (Boophilus) microplus. The establishment of A. marginale infection in a cell line derived from R. (Boophilus) microplus is relevant for studying the A. marginale/tick interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Esteves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Quintão-Silva MG, Melo MN, Ribeiro MFB. Comparison of duplex PCR and microscopic techniques for the identification of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis in engorged female ticks of Boophilus microplus. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:147-51. [PMID: 17456146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A single-step duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and traditional microscopic examination of haemolymph smears were used to detect Babesia bigemina and/or Babesia bovis infection in engorged female ticks of Boophilus microplus recovered from calves raised in an endemic area of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In the PCR amplification of tick-derived DNA, pairs of oligonucleotide primers specific for a 278-bp sequence from B. bigemina and for a 350-bp sequence from B. bovis were used conjointly. The microscopic examination of haemolymph revealed that 16.7% of the engorged ticks were infected with Babesia spp., although no significant differences (rho > 0.05) were found in the infection rate of ticks collected from calves of different age groups. PCR analysis showed that 77.8% of the engorged ticks whose haemolymph contained sporokinetes were infected with B. bigemina, 7.8% with B. bovis and 14.4% with both protozoan species. However, the PCR assay further revealed that, amongst the engorged female ticks whose haemolymph was apparently negative for the presence of sporokinetes, 15.6% were infected with B. bigemina, 2.2% with B. bovis and 10.0% with both species. The duplex PCR method is thus more efficient and sensitive than the microscopic assay and also permits facile identification of the protozoa species present in engorged female ticks.
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Góes TS, Góes VS, Ribeiro MFB, Gontijo CM. Bovine babesiosis: anti-erythrocyte antibodies purification from the sera of naturally infected cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 116:215-8. [PMID: 17292487 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis are intra-erythrocytic protozoan parasites transmitted by ticks to cattle in which they induce babesiosis, a disease that resembles human malaria. Anemia, caused by the destruction of non-infected erythrocytes, is a critical feature of the disease. Anti-erythrocyte antibodies could be one of the explanations for such destruction. These antibodies are found in the sera of dogs and mice respectively infected with B. gibsoni and B. rodhaini. However, data concerning the presence of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in the sera of infected cattle are not conclusive. In the present study, we made an attempt to detect anti-erythrocyte antibodies from the sera of cattle naturally infected with B. bigemina. Erythrocytes from a non-infected calf were used in ELISA reaction for the detection of antibodies from samples. Results confirmed the presence of anti-erythrocytes antibodies in higher amounts in the serum of infected cattle. In order to correlate this increment with the parasite, anti-erythrocyte antibodies from the sera from infected calves were purified, coupled to a Sepharose-4B column and than used for anti-idiotypic antibodies purification. These antibodies were found to react with the parasites, suggesting a correlation between both anti-parasite and anti-erythrocyte antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Góes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Borges LMF, Oliveira PR, Lisboa CLM, Ribeiro MFB. Horse resistance to natural infestations of Anocentor nitens and Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae). Vet Parasitol 2002; 104:265-73. [PMID: 11812624 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate some aspects of horse resistance to natural infestations of Anocentor nitens and Amblyomma cajennense over a 2-year period. Free-living stages of A. nitens were used to evaluate the influence of season of the year on horse resistance. Every 2 weeks, 10 selected engorged females, weighing 150-329 mg, were removed from naturally infested horses and were individually placed into glass tubes closed with a cotton stopper, and maintained in an incubator. The biological parameters evaluated varied according to the season of the year, i.e., reproductive efficiency, maximum larval survival (MLS) and egg-hatching rates were significantly lower in spring/summer than in fall/winter. At 14-day intervals, females of A. nitens and A. cajennense were counted on each side of the body of five mares. A comparison between the animal with the lowest infestation and the animal with the highest infestation showed greater differences in animals infested with A. nitens than those infested with A. cajennense. Ten animals were found to carry 64.9% of the total parasite burden of A. cajennense and 88.6% of the highest infestations of A. nitens females. A seasonal variation on intensity of horse resistance to A. nitens was observed during the study. However, this was not observed for A. cajennense. Cross-resistance was observed in animals with the highest total number of A. cajennense and the highest number of A. cajennense adults (r=0.817), larvae (r=0.756), and A. nitens females (r=0.799). These results led to the conclusion that changes in horse resistance to A. nitens occur seasonally. As far as the total population of A. cajennense and the female stage of A. nitens are concerned, horses develop cross-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M F Borges
- DMIPP, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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