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Genome-wide in silico analysis leads to identification of deleterious L290V mutation in RBBP5 gene in Bos indicus. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4851-4859. [PMID: 37051916 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2199502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide deleterious mutations were identified in zebu cattle (Bos indicus) using in silico approach. The ddRAD sequence data of Sahiwal cattle were annotated and aligned with the cattle reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2). A total of 279,383 SNPs were identified at Read Depth10, which were further filtered to 692 missense SNPs. These SNPs were further analyzed, for functional consequences, by using Variant Effect Predictor, PolyPhen, PROVEAN, and PANTHER tools. A total of 18 SNPs, were finally identified as deleterious, and among these, 12 SNPs were mapped on nine different genes. ERRAT, ProSA-web, Project HOPE, TM-Align, and YASSARA tools, further confirmed the protein malfunctioning of one missense (L290V) mutation of Retinoblastoma binding protein-5 (RBBP5) gene, transcribing a cell cycle regulatory protein and associated with Retinoblastoma in human. This derived bioinformatics pipeline may be useful for preliminarily identifying the deleterious DNA mutations in livestock, specifically in absence of any genetic disease records.
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Expert Opinion on the Management of Acute and Chronic Cough: An Indian Perspective in Primary Care Setting. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2023; 71:11-12. [PMID: 37449695 DOI: 10.59556/japi.71.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cough is the body's reflex when the throat or airway is irritated by a foreign body, such as irritants, microbes, and fluids. Cough caused due to a disorder or infection can last for a few days to a couple of weeks and is usually self-limiting and self-resolving. However, in certain cases, cough can persist for months, disrupting everyday activities, affecting the patient's mental health, and causing pain and fatigue. There are a number of different therapeutic strategies to manage acute and chronic cough, depending on the cause. Dry cough can be treated using opioids, nonopioids, antitussives, and antihistamines. Expectorants and mucolytics are widely used in the management of productive cough. The underlying cause of cough should be appropriately managed with specific therapy. The choice of treatment regimen is dependent on the patient's medical history, symptoms, and preexisting conditions. Based on the literature review and clinical practice, a comprehensive approach to the management of cough as a symptom has been proposed.
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Progressive pulmonary fibrosis: an expert group consensus statement. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2103187. [PMID: 36517177 PMCID: PMC10060665 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03187-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This expert group consensus statement emphasises the need for standardising the definition of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (F-ILDs), with an accurate initial diagnosis being of paramount importance in ensuring appropriate initial management. Equally, case-by-case decisions on monitoring and management are essential, given the varying presentations of F-ILDs and the varying rates of progression. The value of diagnostic tests in risk stratification at presentation and, separately, the importance of a logical monitoring strategy, tailored to manage the risk of progression, are also stressed. The term "progressive pulmonary fibrosis" (PPF) exactly describes the entity that clinicians often face in practice. The importance of using antifibrotic therapy early in PPF (once initial management has failed to prevent progression) is increasingly supported by evidence. Artificial intelligence software for high-resolution computed tomography analysis, although an exciting tool for the future, awaits validation. Guidance is provided on pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen and the use of non-invasive ventilation focused specifically on the needs of ILD patients with progressive disease. PPF should be differentiated from acute deterioration due to drug-induced lung toxicity or other forms of acute exacerbations. Referral criteria for a lung transplant are discussed and applied to patient needs in severe diseases where transplantation is not realistic, either due to access limitations or transplantation contraindications. In conclusion, expert group consensus guidance is provided on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of F-ILDs with specific focus on the recognition of PPF and the management of pulmonary fibrosis progressing despite initial management.
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Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanism in an insecticide-resistant population of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and its parasitizing efficiency against invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). CURR SCI INDIA 2023. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v124/i1/115-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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5
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Harmonic-to-noise ratio as speech biomarker for fatigue: K-nearest neighbour machine learning algorithm. Med J Armed Forces India 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Gut bacteria mediated insecticide resistance in cotton leafhopper <i>Amrasca biguttula biguttula</i>. CURR SCI INDIA 2022. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v122/i8/958-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Role of antifibrotic drugs in the management of post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease: A review of literature and report from an expert working group. Lung India 2022; 39:177-186. [PMID: 35259802 PMCID: PMC9053913 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_659_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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8
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Clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients with cardiac disease in Queen Elizabeth Hospital Sabah. Int J Cardiol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8719230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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734 Evaluation of A Webinar Based Surgical Teaching Course (EDUCATE) - A Prospective Cohort Study. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab258.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Anecdotal evidence suggests Foundation Year (FY) doctors start surgical rotations with less confidence than medical rotations. The study aimed to determine the effect of a national webinar-based surgical teaching course on participants’ confidence, and to assess attitudes surrounding undergraduate surgical education.
Method
This prospective cohort study is reported with reference to STROBE guidelines and received ethical approval. A series of 15 free-access webinars was developed based on the Royal College of Surgeons Undergraduate Curriculum. An expert-validated questionnaire was used to collect data before and after the course. Inclusion criteria were UK-based medical students and FY doctors who attended at least one webinar. The primary outcome was confidence in completing common tasks during surgical rotations.
Results
Completed pre-course (484) and post-course (352) questionnaires yielded 92 paired samples (63% female). 85% were medical students, representing 29 UK universities, and 15% FY doctors. Mean confidence in assessing, investigating, and implementing initial management of surgical conditions was greater after the intervention (p ≤ 0.001). Mean confidence in managing on-call tasks and starting a surgical FY job was also higher post-course greater (p ≤ 0.001). These improvements correlated with webinar attendance (p ≤ 0.05). 27.1% of participants were satisfied with the quality of undergraduate surgical education. 22.9% agreed that surgical placements prepared them well to manage surgical tasks.
Conclusions
Medical students and FY doctors report low confidence and feel unprepared in managing surgical tasks. Additionally, they report poor satisfaction with undergraduate surgical education. This shortfall may be improved through delivery of a national, accessible, targeted online webinar series and curriculum.
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Characterization of granulosis viruses of sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell.) and internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur). CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v121/i4/570-573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on delivery of emergency surgical care in India. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e154-e155. [PMID: 33793717 PMCID: PMC7929169 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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429 National Evaluation of Confidence and Preparedness for Surgical Rotations in Medical Students and Foundation Year Doctors. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Limited published and anecdotal evidence suggests foundation year (FY) doctors start their surgical rotations with lower confidence than medical rotations. This may be due to insufficient undergraduate practical teaching related to common surgical rotations. This study aimed to evaluate the confidence and preparedness for surgical rotations of medical students and FY doctors.
Method
An expert-validated questionnaire was distributed nationally to UK medical students and FY doctors. The primary outcome was confidence in completing common tasks during surgical rotations.
Results
491 participants (84% medical students, 16% FYs) were recruited from 36 UK medical schools. 80% were likely to pursue a career in surgery however only 7% felt confident about starting a surgical FY job. 66% felt neutral or unsatisfied about the quality of medical school surgical teaching, and 80% indicated that placements did not prepare them well to manage common FY surgical tasks. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was high (=0.939).
Conclusions
Medical students and FY doctors lack confidence and preparation for surgical jobs. High-quality, practically grounded educational courses such as the National Surgical Teaching Society (NSTS) webinar curriculum could improve confidence and preparedness for surgical rotations. Further research evaluating the benefits of such courses is warranted.
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Potent anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity of some bioactive molecules of Indian ethnomedicinal plants that have the potential to enter in TB management. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1578-1599. [PMID: 33772980 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases of human civilization. Approximately one-third of global population is latently infected with the TB pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). The discovery of anti-TB antibiotics leads to decline in death rate of TB. However, the evolution of antibiotic-resistant M.tb-strain and the resurgence of different immune-compromised diseases re-escalated the death rate of TB. WHO has already cautioned about the chances of pandemic situation in TB endemic countries until the discovery of new anti-tubercular drugs, that is, the need of the hour. Analysing the pathogenesis of TB, it was found that M.tb evades the host by altering the balance of immune response and affects either by killing the cells or by creating inflammation. In the pre-antibiotic era, traditional medicines were only therapeutic measures for different infectious diseases including tuberculosis. The ancient literatures of India or ample Indian traditional knowledge and ethnomedicinal practices are evidence for the treatment of TB using different indigenous plants. However, in the light of modern scientific approach, anti-TB effects of those plants and their bioactive molecules were not established thoroughly. In this review, focus has been given on five bioactive molecules of different traditionally used Indian ethnomedicinal plants for treatment of TB or TB-like symptom. These compounds are also validated with proper identification and their mode of action with modern scientific approaches. The effectiveness of these molecules for sensitive or drug-resistant TB pathogen in clinical or preclinical studies was also evaluated. Thus, our specific aim is to highlight such scientifically validated bioactive compounds having anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity for future use as medicine or adjunct-therapeutic molecule for TB management.
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Occurrence of Cassava Mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera), A New Invasive Pest on Cassava in India and Prospects for its Classical Biological Control. CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v120/i2/432-435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Enhanced Insecticide-resistance Spectrum in Green Lacewing Predator, <i>Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi</i> (strain PTS-8) And Its Potential Role In The Management Of Sucking Pests Of Cotton. CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v120/i2/423-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Genome Mining and Expression Analysis of Carboxylesterase and Glutathione S-Transferase Genes Involved in Insecticide Resistance in Eggplant Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Front Physiol 2020; 11:594845. [PMID: 33329043 PMCID: PMC7713791 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.594845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the major cause of low productivity in eggplant and insecticides being the mainstay of management of L. orbonalis. However, field control failures are widespread due to the evolution of insecticide resistance. Taking advantage of the whole genome sequence information, the present study investigated the level of insecticide resistance and the expression pattern of individual carboxylesterase (CE) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes in various field collected populations of L. orbonalis. Dose-mortality bioassays revealed a very high level of resistance development against fenvalerate (48.2–160-fold), phosalone (94-534.6-fold), emamectin benzoate (7.2–55-fold), thiodicarb (9.64–22.7-fold), flubendiamide (187.4–303.0-fold), and chlorantraniliprole (1.6–8.6-fold) in field populations as compared to laboratory-reared susceptible iso-female colony (Lo-S). Over-production of detoxification enzymes viz., CE and GST were evident upon enzyme assays. Mining of the draft genome of L. orbonalis yielded large number of genes potentially belonging to the CE and GST gene families with known history of insecticide resistance in other insects. Subsequent RT-qPCR studies on relative contribution of individual genes revealed over-expression of numerous GSTs and few CEs in field populations, indicating their possible involvement of metabolic enzymes in insecticide resistance. The genomic information will facilitate the development of novel resistance management strategies against this pest.
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An objective criteria used to support a practitioner's decision between sedation versus general anesthesia for the dental treatment of uncooperative pediatric patients. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infecting Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India. CURR SCI INDIA 2020. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v119/i5/860-864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
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A notorious vector-borne disease: Dengue fever, its evolution as public health threat. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3125-3129. [PMID: 31742130 PMCID: PMC6857389 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_716_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever, the most notorious of vector borne diseases is under global resurgence. Incidence has increased 30 fold with global expansion. It is thus imperative to review the origin, history and current epidemiology of dengue, its transmission, factors responsible for resurgence, surveillance and the treatment options available. India being hyperendemic, national level comprehensive studies to estimate the true burden of dengue along with its geographical mapping is the need of the hour. Through integrated and combined efforts from various sectors and policy makers, prevention of dengue must be identified and intensified to control further disease transmission as there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine against dengue is available in India.
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Post stroke dysphagia and disability in minor strokes. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Scientific Business Abstracts of the 113th Annual Meeting of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland. QJM 2019; 112:724-729. [PMID: 31505685 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Therapeutic Actions Of Pro-Resolving Lipoxin A4 Mimetics Against Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tests of General Relativity with GW170817. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:011102. [PMID: 31386391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo of a gravitational wave signal from a binary neutron star inspiral has enabled tests of general relativity (GR) with this new type of source. This source, for the first time, permits tests of strong-field dynamics of compact binaries in the presence of matter. In this Letter, we place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime. Bounds on modified dispersion of gravitational waves are obtained; in combination with information from the observed electromagnetic counterpart we can also constrain effects due to large extra dimensions. Finally, the polarization content of the gravitational wave signal is studied. The results of all tests performed here show good agreement with GR.
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TM1-5 Optimising observation strategies for incidentally discovered intracranial meningiomas. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesDevelop a model to identify incidental meningiomas at risk of observation failure.DesignRetrospective study (2007–2015).Subjects385 patients. Mean age 62.6 years.MethodsObservation failure was defined as: new symptoms, MRI progression (absolute growth rate 2 cm3/year or absolute growth rate 1 cm3/year +relative growth rate 30%/year) or loss of treatment options. A prognostic model was developed using MRI and patient comorbidity.ResultsOver a median of 36 months, 44 (10.9%) meningiomas failed observation. Median time to failure was 33 months. Model parameters were based on statistical and clinical considerations and included: increasing tumour size (HR=2.17 [95% CI=1.53–3.09], p<0.001), peritumoural signal change (HR=1.58 [95% CI=0.65–3.85], p=0.313), FLAIR/T2 hyperintense meningiomas (HR=10.6 [95% CI=5. 39–21.0], p<0.001) and proximity to neurovascular structures (HR=1.38 [95% CI=0.74–2.56], p=0.314). Patients were stratified based on the model into low, medium and high-risk groups and rates of failed observation at 5 years were 3%, 28% and 75% respectively. Low-risk patients had small meningiomas, free of all risk factors. After 5 years of follow-up the probability of failure plateaued in all risk groups. Older patients with comorbidities were 15-times more likely to die than to receive intervention at 5 years following diagnosis, regardless of risk group.ConclusionsMost meningiomas remain clinically and radiologically stable. Stratifying follow-up according to risk-group has the potential to reduce the cost to healthcare.
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P89 Spinal disease in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): a systematic review to evaluate reported patterns of pathology. J Neurol Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of reported spinal pathology in NF1 patients.DesignSystematic review.Subjects1809 patients from 23 studies.MethodsThis review was conducted as per PRISMA guidelines and registered on the PROSPERO database of systematic reviews. Systematic searches were performed on the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, HMIC, HBE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BNI, AMED and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Studies with n>1 describing any spinal abnormality in NF1 patients were included.Results23 studies were included from 1253 unique results. The evidence levels were as follows: I (n=1), II (n=2) and IV (n=19). Data was available in 1809 patients with a mean age of 22.5 years and equal gender distribution (49.3% male). Reported spinal pathology included: dural ectasia – 93/290 (32.1%); scoliosis – 326/748 (43.6%); meningocele – 5/31 (16.1%); syrinx – 10/97 (10%); cord signal abnormalities in the absence of tumour compression – 33/97 (34%); intramedullary tumour – 7/82 (8.5%); spinal nerve root tumour – 276/1350 (20.4%); and spinal plexiform tumour – 167/364 (45.9%). Degenerative spinal disease and Chiari malformation were not described to any meaningful extent.ConclusionsSpinal pathology is common in patients with NF1 though existing literature is heterogeneous in how findings are presented. Most existing studies are of low quality. There is a need for prospective studies on this theme to aid the establishment of a core outcome set for spinal disease in NF1 patients.
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WP1-14 A systematic review to evaluate different management strategies for incidental intracranial meningiomas. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesEvaluate the outcomes of differing management strategies for incidental intracranial meningiomas.DesignSystematic review.SubjectsStudies with ≥10 patients≥16 years of age diagnosed radiologically with an incidental intracranial meningioma.MethodsPRISMA compliant methods were used to scan 6 databases up to September 2017. PROSPERO ID: CRD42017077928.ResultsTwenty retrospective studies (n=2130 patients) were included. Initial management strategies at diagnosis were: 27% (n=560) surgery, 22% (n=450) SRS and 51% (n=1040) active monitroing with a mean follow-up of 49.5 months (SD=29.3). 21% (n=220) of patients in the active monitoring cohort eventually had or were recommended an intervention due to: radiological progression (n=153), development of symptoms (n=66) and patient preference (n=1). Mean time-to-intervention was 24.8 months (SD=18.2). 94% (n=207) of interventions were within 5 years. The definition of ‘growth’ and the radiological surveillance regimens varied widely. Morbidity rates following surgery and SRS, accounting for cross over, were 15% and 22% respectively. Surgery revealed benign histology in 94% of the cases. Quality of life is improperly examined.ConclusionsThe management of patients with incidental intracranial meningiomas varies widely. Most patients who develop clinical or radiological progression will do so within 5 years of diagnosis. Intervention at diagnosis may result in unnecessary overtreatment. Prospective data is needed to develop a risk calculator for managing incidental meningioma.
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Constraining the p-Mode-g-Mode Tidal Instability with GW170817. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:061104. [PMID: 30822067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the impact of a proposed tidal instability coupling p modes and g modes within neutron stars on GW170817. This nonresonant instability transfers energy from the orbit of the binary to internal modes of the stars, accelerating the gravitational-wave driven inspiral. We model the impact of this instability on the phasing of the gravitational wave signal using three parameters per star: an overall amplitude, a saturation frequency, and a spectral index. Incorporating these additional parameters, we compute the Bayes factor (lnB_{!pg}^{pg}) comparing our p-g model to a standard one. We find that the observed signal is consistent with waveform models that neglect p-g effects, with lnB_{!pg}^{pg}=0.03_{-0.58}^{+0.70} (maximum a posteriori and 90% credible region). By injecting simulated signals that do not include p-g effects and recovering them with the p-g model, we show that there is a ≃50% probability of obtaining similar lnB_{!pg}^{pg} even when p-g effects are absent. We find that the p-g amplitude for 1.4 M_{⊙} neutron stars is constrained to less than a few tenths of the theoretical maximum, with maxima a posteriori near one-tenth this maximum and p-g saturation frequency ∼70 Hz. This suggests that there are less than a few hundred excited modes, assuming they all saturate by wave breaking. For comparison, theoretical upper bounds suggest ≲10^{3} modes saturate by wave breaking. Thus, the measured constraints only rule out extreme values of the p-g parameters. They also imply that the instability dissipates ≲10^{51} erg over the entire inspiral, i.e., less than a few percent of the energy radiated as gravitational waves.
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Critical care usage after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery: a prospective, multicentre observational study. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:42-50. [PMID: 30579405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient selection for critical care admission must balance patient safety with optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical care admission, and postoperative mortality after abdominal surgery. METHODS This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients enrolled in the DISCOVER study from UK and Republic of Ireland undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery between October and December 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associations between critical care admission (planned and unplanned) and mortality, and inter-centre variation in critical care admission after emergency laparotomy. RESULTS Of 4529 patients included, 37.8% (n=1713) underwent planned critical care admissions from theatre. Some 3.1% (n=86/2816) admitted to ward-level care subsequently underwent unplanned critical care admission. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9% (n=133/4519), and the risk-adjusted association between 30-day mortality and critical care admission was higher in unplanned [odds ratio (OR): 8.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.51-19.97) than planned admissions (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43-3.85). Some 26.7% of patients (n=1210/4529) underwent emergency laparotomies. After adjustment, 49.3% (95% CI: 46.8-51.9%, P<0.001) were predicted to have planned critical care admissions, with 7% (n=10/145) of centres outside the 95% CI. CONCLUSIONS After risk adjustment, no 30-day survival benefit was identified for either planned or unplanned postoperative admissions to critical care within this cohort. This likely represents appropriate admission of the highest-risk patients. Planned admissions in selected, intermediate-risk patients may present a strategy to mitigate the risk of unplanned admission. Substantial inter-centre variation exists in planned critical care admissions after emergency laparotomies.
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Search for Subsolar-Mass Ultracompact Binaries in Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:231103. [PMID: 30576173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.231103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the first Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo search for ultracompact binary systems with component masses between 0.2 M_{⊙}-1.0 M_{⊙} using data taken between September 12, 2015 and January 19, 2016. We find no viable gravitational wave candidates. Our null result constrains the coalescence rate of monochromatic (delta function) distributions of nonspinning (0.2 M_{⊙}, 0.2 M_{⊙}) ultracompact binaries to be less than 1.0×10^{6} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} and the coalescence rate of a similar distribution of (1.0 M_{⊙}, 1.0 M_{⊙}) ultracompact binaries to be less than 1.9×10^{4} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} (at 90% confidence). Neither black holes nor neutron stars are expected to form below ∼1 M_{⊙} through conventional stellar evolution, though it has been proposed that similarly low mass black holes could be formed primordially through density fluctuations in the early Universe and contribute to the dark matter density. The interpretation of our constraints in the primordial black hole dark matter paradigm is highly model dependent; however, under a particular primordial black hole binary formation scenario we constrain monochromatic primordial black hole populations of 0.2 M_{⊙} to be less than 33% of the total dark matter density and monochromatic populations of 1.0 M_{⊙} to be less than 5% of the dark matter density. The latter strengthens the presently placed bounds from microlensing surveys of massive compact halo objects (MACHOs) provided by the MACHO and EROS Collaborations.
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PO022 Metformin and Dapagliflozin Effects On Epicardial Adipose Tissue Area In Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Patients: MRI Evaluation Studies. Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:161101. [PMID: 30387654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.161101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On 17 August 2017, the LIGO and Virgo observatories made the first direct detection of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a neutron star binary system. The detection of this gravitational-wave signal, GW170817, offers a novel opportunity to directly probe the properties of matter at the extreme conditions found in the interior of these stars. The initial, minimal-assumption analysis of the LIGO and Virgo data placed constraints on the tidal effects of the coalescing bodies, which were then translated to constraints on neutron star radii. Here, we expand upon previous analyses by working under the hypothesis that both bodies were neutron stars that are described by the same equation of state and have spins within the range observed in Galactic binary neutron stars. Our analysis employs two methods: the use of equation-of-state-insensitive relations between various macroscopic properties of the neutron stars and the use of an efficient parametrization of the defining function p(ρ) of the equation of state itself. From the LIGO and Virgo data alone and the first method, we measure the two neutron star radii as R_{1}=10.8_{-1.7}^{+2.0} km for the heavier star and R_{2}=10.7_{-1.5}^{+2.1} km for the lighter star at the 90% credible level. If we additionally require that the equation of state supports neutron stars with masses larger than 1.97 M_{⊙} as required from electromagnetic observations and employ the equation-of-state parametrization, we further constrain R_{1}=11.9_{-1.4}^{+1.4} km and R_{2}=11.9_{-1.4}^{+1.4} km at the 90% credible level. Finally, we obtain constraints on p(ρ) at supranuclear densities, with pressure at twice nuclear saturation density measured at 3.5_{-1.7}^{+2.7}×10^{34} dyn cm^{-2} at the 90% level.
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Abstract
The LIGO and the Virgo collaborations have recently announced the first detections of Gravitational Waves. Due to their weak amplitude, Gravitational Waves are expected to produce a very small effect on free-falling masses, which undergo a displacement of the order of 10-18 m for a Km-scale mutual distance. This discovery showed that interferometric detectors are suitable to reveal such a feeble effect, and therefore represent a new tool for astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology in the understanding of the Universe. To better reconstruct the position of the Gravitational Wave source and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the events by means of multiple coincidence, a network of detectors is necessary. In the USA, the LIGO project has recently concluded its second Observation Run (O2) with a couple of twin 4 kilometer-long arms detectors which are placed in Washington State and Louisiana. Advanced VIRGO (AdV) is a 3 kilometer-long arms second generation interferometer situated in Cascina, near Pisa in Italy. The installation of AdV has been completed in 2016, and the first commissioning phase allowed to get to the target early-stage sensitivity, which was sufficient to join LIGO in the O2 scientific run. In this paper, the challenges of the commissioning of AdV will be presented, together with its current performances and future perspectives. Finally, in the last paragraph the latest discoveries that occurred after the ICNFP 2017 conference will be also described.
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142Insulin resistance, left ventricular hypertrophy and the impact of metformin use on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with calcific aortic stenosis: a genetic and population cohort study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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2358Metformin regresses left ventricular hypertrophy in normotensive patients with coronary artery disease without type 2 diabetes mellitus - The MET-REMODEL trialM. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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P905Research into the effect of sodium-glucose linked transporter inhibition in left ventricular remodelling in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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P2860MRI evaluation of the impact of metformin and dapagloflizin on epicardial adipose tissue area in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes patients. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Search for Tensor, Vector, and Scalar Polarizations in the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:201102. [PMID: 29864331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The detection of gravitational waves with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo has enabled novel tests of general relativity, including direct study of the polarization of gravitational waves. While general relativity allows for only two tensor gravitational-wave polarizations, general metric theories can additionally predict two vector and two scalar polarizations. The polarization of gravitational waves is encoded in the spectral shape of the stochastic gravitational-wave background, formed by the superposition of cosmological and individually unresolved astrophysical sources. Using data recorded by Advanced LIGO during its first observing run, we search for a stochastic background of generically polarized gravitational waves. We find no evidence for a background of any polarization, and place the first direct bounds on the contributions of vector and scalar polarizations to the stochastic background. Under log-uniform priors for the energy in each polarization, we limit the energy densities of tensor, vector, and scalar modes at 95% credibility to Ω_{0}^{T}<5.58×10^{-8}, Ω_{0}^{V}<6.35×10^{-8}, and Ω_{0}^{S}<1.08×10^{-7} at a reference frequency f_{0}=25 Hz.
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GW170817: Implications for the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Compact Binary Coalescences. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:091101. [PMID: 29547330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The LIGO Scientific and Virgo Collaborations have announced the event GW170817, the first detection of gravitational waves from the coalescence of two neutron stars. The merger rate of binary neutron stars estimated from this event suggests that distant, unresolvable binary neutron stars create a significant astrophysical stochastic gravitational-wave background. The binary neutron star component will add to the contribution from binary black holes, increasing the amplitude of the total astrophysical background relative to previous expectations. In the Advanced LIGO-Virgo frequency band most sensitive to stochastic backgrounds (near 25 Hz), we predict a total astrophysical background with amplitude Ω_{GW}(f=25 Hz)=1.8_{-1.3}^{+2.7}×10^{-9} with 90% confidence, compared with Ω_{GW}(f=25 Hz)=1.1_{-0.7}^{+1.2}×10^{-9} from binary black holes alone. Assuming the most probable rate for compact binary mergers, we find that the total background may be detectable with a signal-to-noise-ratio of 3 after 40 months of total observation time, based on the expected timeline for Advanced LIGO and Virgo to reach their design sensitivity.
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First Search for Nontensorial Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:031104. [PMID: 29400511 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present results from the first directed search for nontensorial gravitational waves. While general relativity allows for tensorial (plus and cross) modes only, a generic metric theory may, in principle, predict waves with up to six different polarizations. This analysis is sensitive to continuous signals of scalar, vector, or tensor polarizations, and does not rely on any specific theory of gravity. After searching data from the first observation run of the advanced LIGO detectors for signals at twice the rotational frequency of 200 known pulsars, we find no evidence of gravitational waves of any polarization. We report the first upper limits for scalar and vector strains, finding values comparable in magnitude to previously published limits for tensor strain. Our results may be translated into constraints on specific alternative theories of gravity.
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Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA. LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY 2018; 21:3. [PMID: 29725242 PMCID: PMC5920066 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and [Formula: see text] credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5-[Formula: see text] requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of [Formula: see text] of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.
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Abstract
A checklist of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) within the present geographical frontier of Indian subcontinent up to 2016 is provided. As per the current checklist prepared, there are 1536 species, classified under 440 genera, 72 tribes, and seven subfamilies of Cerambycidae (Parandrinae is not present in India). The report is accounted for 4.2 per cent of species, 7.94 per cent of genera and 28.24 per cent of tribes from India as compared to global record. For each species, accepted nomenclature followed by all relevant works reporting systematics, distribution and ecology of Indian longhorn beetles is provided along with synonyms, type locality and distribution within and outside India.
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Hippocampal Sclerosis and Post-Operative Long-Term Seizure Freedom. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:161101. [PMID: 29099225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.161101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 848] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
On August 17, 2017 at 12∶41:04 UTC the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors made their first observation of a binary neutron star inspiral. The signal, GW170817, was detected with a combined signal-to-noise ratio of 32.4 and a false-alarm-rate estimate of less than one per 8.0×10^{4} years. We infer the component masses of the binary to be between 0.86 and 2.26 M_{⊙}, in agreement with masses of known neutron stars. Restricting the component spins to the range inferred in binary neutron stars, we find the component masses to be in the range 1.17-1.60 M_{⊙}, with the total mass of the system 2.74_{-0.01}^{+0.04}M_{⊙}. The source was localized within a sky region of 28 deg^{2} (90% probability) and had a luminosity distance of 40_{-14}^{+8} Mpc, the closest and most precisely localized gravitational-wave signal yet. The association with the γ-ray burst GRB 170817A, detected by Fermi-GBM 1.7 s after the coalescence, corroborates the hypothesis of a neutron star merger and provides the first direct evidence of a link between these mergers and short γ-ray bursts. Subsequent identification of transient counterparts across the electromagnetic spectrum in the same location further supports the interpretation of this event as a neutron star merger. This unprecedented joint gravitational and electromagnetic observation provides insight into astrophysics, dense matter, gravitation, and cosmology.
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GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:141101. [PMID: 29053306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
On August 14, 2017 at 10∶30:43 UTC, the Advanced Virgo detector and the two Advanced LIGO detectors coherently observed a transient gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of two stellar mass black holes, with a false-alarm rate of ≲1 in 27 000 years. The signal was observed with a three-detector network matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 18. The inferred masses of the initial black holes are 30.5_{-3.0}^{+5.7}M_{⊙} and 25.3_{-4.2}^{+2.8}M_{⊙} (at the 90% credible level). The luminosity distance of the source is 540_{-210}^{+130} Mpc, corresponding to a redshift of z=0.11_{-0.04}^{+0.03}. A network of three detectors improves the sky localization of the source, reducing the area of the 90% credible region from 1160 deg^{2} using only the two LIGO detectors to 60 deg^{2} using all three detectors. For the first time, we can test the nature of gravitational-wave polarizations from the antenna response of the LIGO-Virgo network, thus enabling a new class of phenomenological tests of gravity.
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Fractured Tracheostomy Tube - An Unusual Foreign Body in Tracheobronchial Tree. BENGAL JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND HEAD NECK SURGERY 2017. [DOI: 10.47210/bjohns.2017.v25i2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Approximately 20% of patients with tracheostomy are discharged from hospital with the tracheostomy tube in situ. Proper long term care and management of such tracheostomy patients remains as a challenge to care givers. Fracture of metallic tracheostomy tube (TT) with aspiration of the fragment into tracheobronchial airway is a rare complication of tracheostomy.
Case Report
Here we are presenting a case of a 42-year-old male patient, presented to the emergency department with complaint of mild respiratory distress following aspiration of fractured metallic TT and a novel method in removing the dislodged fragment.
Discussion
A detailed review of literature has been included to discuss different aspects of aspiration of fractured fragment of tracheostomy tube and best practice recommendations for proper tracheostomy care.
Conclusion
Educating the care-giver about care of the tracheostomized patient in general and care of the tracheostomy tube in particular, may help reduce accidental complications.
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Search for high-energy neutrinos from gravitational wave event GW151226 and candidate LVT151012 with ANTARES and IceCube. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.022005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:221101. [PMID: 28621973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.221101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe the observation of GW170104, a gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of a pair of stellar-mass black holes. The signal was measured on January 4, 2017 at 10∶11:58.6 UTC by the twin advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory during their second observing run, with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 13 and a false alarm rate less than 1 in 70 000 years. The inferred component black hole masses are 31.2_{-6.0}^{+8.4}M_{⊙} and 19.4_{-5.9}^{+5.3}M_{⊙} (at the 90% credible level). The black hole spins are best constrained through measurement of the effective inspiral spin parameter, a mass-weighted combination of the spin components perpendicular to the orbital plane, χ_{eff}=-0.12_{-0.30}^{+0.21}. This result implies that spin configurations with both component spins positively aligned with the orbital angular momentum are disfavored. The source luminosity distance is 880_{-390}^{+450} Mpc corresponding to a redshift of z=0.18_{-0.07}^{+0.08}. We constrain the magnitude of modifications to the gravitational-wave dispersion relation and perform null tests of general relativity. Assuming that gravitons are dispersed in vacuum like massive particles, we bound the graviton mass to m_{g}≤7.7×10^{-23} eV/c^{2}. In all cases, we find that GW170104 is consistent with general relativity.
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Implication of pulmonary-systemic flow information in the management of complex presentation of pulmonary arterial hypertension: exploring role of phase contrast MRI technique. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2017; 7:276-280. [PMID: 28516053 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2016.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:121101. [PMID: 28388180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.121101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of astrophysical and cosmological sources are expected to contribute to a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Following the observations of GW150914 and GW151226, the rate and mass of coalescing binary black holes appear to be greater than many previous expectations. As a result, the stochastic background from unresolved compact binary coalescences is expected to be particularly loud. We perform a search for the isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background using data from Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory's (aLIGO) first observing run. The data display no evidence of a stochastic gravitational-wave signal. We constrain the dimensionless energy density of gravitational waves to be Ω_{0}<1.7×10^{-7} with 95% confidence, assuming a flat energy density spectrum in the most sensitive part of the LIGO band (20-86 Hz). This is a factor of ∼33 times more sensitive than previous measurements. We also constrain arbitrary power-law spectra. Finally, we investigate the implications of this search for the background of binary black holes using an astrophysical model for the background.
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