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Contaminant Organism Growth in Febrile Infants at Low Risk for Invasive Bacterial Infection. J Pediatr 2024; 267:113910. [PMID: 38218368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
In this multicenter, cross-sectional, secondary analysis of 4042 low-risk febrile infants, nearly 10% had a contaminated culture obtained during their evaluation (4.9% of blood cultures, 5.0% of urine cultures, and 1.8% of cerebrospinal fluid cultures). Our findings have important implications for improving sterile technique and reducing unnecessary cultures.
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Race, Ethnicity, Language, and the Treatment of Low-Risk Febrile Infants. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:55-64. [PMID: 37955907 PMCID: PMC10644247 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance Febrile infants at low risk of invasive bacterial infections are unlikely to benefit from lumbar puncture, antibiotics, or hospitalization, yet these are commonly performed. It is not known if there are differences in management by race, ethnicity, or language. Objective To investigate associations between race, ethnicity, and language and additional interventions (lumbar puncture, empirical antibiotics, and hospitalization) in well-appearing febrile infants at low risk of invasive bacterial infection. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a multicenter retrospective cross-sectional analysis of infants receiving emergency department care between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed from December 2022 to July 2023. Pediatric emergency departments were determined through the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee. Well-appearing febrile infants aged 29 to 60 days at low risk of invasive bacterial infection based on blood and urine testing were included. Data were available for 9847 infants, and 4042 were included following exclusions for ill appearance, medical history, and diagnosis of a focal infectious source. Exposures Infant race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and other race or ethnicity) and language used for medical care (English and language other than English). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was receipt of at least 1 of lumbar puncture, empirical antibiotics, or hospitalization. We performed bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with sum contrasts for comparisons. Individual components were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results Across 34 sites, 4042 infants (median [IQR] age, 45 [38-53] days; 1561 [44.4% of the 3516 without missing sex] female; 612 [15.1%] non-Hispanic Black, 1054 [26.1%] Hispanic, 1741 [43.1%] non-Hispanic White, and 352 [9.1%] other race or ethnicity; 3555 [88.0%] English and 463 [12.0%] language other than English) met inclusion criteria. The primary outcome occurred in 969 infants (24%). Race and ethnicity were not associated with the primary composite outcome. Compared to the grand mean, infants of families that use a language other than English had higher odds of the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]; 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.33). In secondary analyses, Hispanic infants, compared to the grand mean, had lower odds of hospital admission (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.93). Compared to the grand mean, infants of families that use a language other than English had higher odds of hospital admission (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.08-1.46). Conclusions and Relevance Among low-risk febrile infants, language used for medical care was associated with the use of at least 1 nonindicated intervention, but race and ethnicity were not. Secondary analyses highlight the complex intersectionality of race, ethnicity, language, and health inequity. As inequitable care may be influenced by communication barriers, new guidelines that emphasize patient-centered communication may create disparities if not implemented with specific attention to equity.
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Characteristics and outcomes in patients with a prior myocardial infarction treated with extended dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor 60 mg: findings from ALETHEIA, a multi-country observational study. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2023; 9:701-708. [PMID: 37653447 PMCID: PMC10719500 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend extended dual antiplatelet therapy, including ticagrelor 60 mg twice daily, in high-risk post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients who have tolerated 12 months and are not at high bleeding risk. The real-world utilization and bleeding and ischaemic outcomes associated with long-term ticagrelor 60 mg in routine clinical practice have not been well described. METHODS Register and claims data from the USA (Optum Clinformatics, IBM MarketScan, and Medicare) and Europe (Sweden, Italy, UK, and Germany) were extracted. Patients initiating ticagrelor 60 mg ≥12 months after MI, meeting eligibility criteria for the PEGASUS-TIMI (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 45) 54 trial, were included. The cumulative incidence of the composite of MI, stroke, or all-cause mortality and that of bleeding requiring hospitalization were calculated. Meta-analyses were performed to combine estimates from each source. RESULTS A total of 7035 patients treated with ticagrelor 60 mg met eligibility criteria. Median age was 67 years and 29% were females; 12% had a history of multiple MIs. The majority (95%) had been treated with ticagrelor 90 mg prior to initiating ticagrelor 60 mg. At 12 months from initiation of ticagrelor 60 mg, the cumulative incidence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of MI, stroke, or mortality was 3.33% (2.73-4.04) and was approximately three-fold the risk of bleeding (0.96%; 0.69-1.33). CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the use of ticagrelor 60 mg in patients with prior MI in clinical practice. Observed event rates for ischaemic events and bleeding generally align with those in the pivotal trials, support the established safety profile of ticagrelor, and highlight the significant residual ischaemic risk in this population.Clinical Trials.gov Registration NCT04568083.
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Acute Pediatric Liquid Nicotine Ingestions. Pediatr Ann 2023; 52:e187-e191. [PMID: 37159065 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230307-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette and vaping device use in the household represents a possible source of unintentional nicotine exposure to pediatric patients. Although most ingestions of nicotine may be mild, there is a potential for significant toxicity. Nicotine toxicity can present similarly to many other types of ingestions, which makes the history an important piece of the encounter. Treatment of nicotine toxicity is primarily supportive care directed at the presenting signs and symptoms. There is no antidotal therapy for nicotine toxicity. This review covers information that can assist clinicians who might treat a pediatric patient presenting with significant nicotine toxicity after the accidental ingestion of liquid nicotine products. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(5):e187-e191.].
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The Safety of Radiotherapy Treatment in Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Profile of Patients With Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis in an Australian Clinical Cohort: A Retrospective Outcome Study. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30-Day Outcomes With the Portico™ Transcatheter Heart Valve: Insights From a Multi-Centre Australian Observational Study. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Early Outcomes Following Integration of Computed Tomography (CT) Coronary Angiography Service in an Established Cardiology Practice. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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One-Year Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: From the GenesisCare Heart Failure Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Is there a need to widely prescribe antibiotics in patients hospitalized with COVID-19? Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:256-260. [PMID: 33508478 PMCID: PMC7839401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate continues regarding the usefulness and benefits of wide prescription of antibiotics in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS All patients hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France between 27 February and 30 April 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. Clinical, biological and radiological data were collected, as well as treatment and outcome data. An unfavourable outcome was defined as death or transfer to the intensive care unit. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients who did and did not receive antibiotic therapy using propensity score matching. FINDINGS Among the 222 patients included, 174 (78%) received antibiotic therapy. The univariate analysis showed that patients who received antibiotic therapy were significantly older, frailer and had more severe presentation at admission compared with patients who did not receive antibiotic therapy. Unfavourable outcomes were more common in patients who received antibiotic therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-8.11; P = 0.04]. Multi-variate analysis and propensity score matching indicated that antibiotic therapy was not significantly associated with outcome (HR 1.612, 95% CI 0.562-4.629; P = 0.37). CONCLUSION Antibiotics were frequently prescribed in this study and this was associated with more severe presentation at admission. However, antibiotic therapy was not associated with outcome, even after adjustment. In line with recent publications, such data support the need to streamline antibiotic therapy in patients with COVID-19.
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Effect of Sex on Unplanned Readmission and Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results From a Multicentre Australian Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Do Rural-Urban Disparities in Patient Characteristics Predict Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention? Results From a Large Australian Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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561 The Effect of Device Orientation on R-Wave Amplitudes in the ConfirmRx Cardiac Monitor. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Guidelines for monitoring workers after occupational exposure to bovine tuberculosis. Med Mal Infect 2019; 49:563-573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hospitalisation pour hépatite aiguë et exposition aux anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et aux analgésiques. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Hospitalisation pour hépatite aiguë et exposition aux antidépresseurs et benzodiazépines. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Does Annual Implanter Procedure Volume Predict Complications of Cardiac Devices of Different Complexity? Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The Effects of Cardiac and Non-cardiac Comorbidities on Survival in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction in Australia. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Complication Rates of Cardiac Implantable Electrical Devices - Implanter Specific Predictors. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Procedural Characteristics and Outcomes Following Implantation of Cardiac Electrical Devices of Increasing Complexity: Results from GCOR. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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The Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pilot Experience with a Novel Bluetooth Tablet-Based Technology for Home Monitoring and Education After Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abundance of Asialylated Glycans in Vascular Tissues Increases With the Plaque Burden in Atherosclerotic Rabbits. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Associations of Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Indigenous Australians. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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P2334Association between cholesterol efflux capacity and coronary plaque lipid composition on near infrared spectroscopy. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Risque populationnel et risque individuel d’hospitalisation pour hépatite aiguë médicamenteuse à partir des données de l’assurance maladie (Sniiram). Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Intérêts et limites du suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique des antirétroviraux en pratique courante. Med Mal Infect 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.03.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Keeping Up With the Kids: Diffusion of Innovation in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Among Emergency Physicians. Acad Emerg Med 2017; 24:769-775. [PMID: 28421650 DOI: 10.1111/acem.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Skin to Intramuscular Compartment Thigh Measurement by Ultrasound in Pediatric Population. West J Emerg Med 2017; 18:479-486. [PMID: 28435500 PMCID: PMC5391899 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2016.12.32279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pediatric obesity threatens the efficacy of medications given intramuscularly. In anaphylactic patients, epinephrine auto-injector needle lengths are potentially too short to reach the muscle compartment in patients with elevated body habitus. The objective of the study was to determine needle-length requirements for intramuscular injections in pediatric patients. Methods We used ultrasound to measure the distance from skin to muscle compartment of the thigh in 200 pediatric patients of various weight and body mass index who presented to the emergency department. Results Patients with higher body mass index had an increased distance to muscle and bone. If current recommendations were followed, 5% of patients within the EpiPen adult weight category and 11% of patients within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention weight category would have potentially used a needle inadequate in length for intramuscular injections. Conclusion With the increase in childhood obesity, needle lengths may be too short to effectively deliver medications to the intramuscular compartment. Needle length should be evaluated to accommodate pediatric patients with increased skin to muscle distance.
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Relationship of Cholesterol Efflux Capacity with Coronary Plaque Lipid Composition on Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Risques cardiovasculaires et digestifs associés à la prise de paracétamol : une étude de cohorte autocontrolée dans l’échantillon généraliste des bénéficiaires (EGB). Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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The cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:e461-e467. [PMID: 27803606 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall survival (os) analysis of the icon7 trial demonstrated that frontline ovarian cancer patients with a high risk of progression (stage iii suboptimally debulked, and stage iii or iv with unresectable disease) benefited from the addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy compared with standard chemotherapy alone. The objective of the present study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness, from a Canadian publicly funded perspective, of adding bevacizumab to frontline treatment of ovarian cancer at high risk of progression. METHODS An area-under-the-curve, Markov-structured model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the treatments. Long-term progression-free survival (pfs) and os were extracted from the icon7 trial (subgroup at high risk of relapse) and extrapolated by parametric time-to-event functions over a time horizon of 10 years. Canadian pfs health state utility values were obtained from the EQ-5D (EuroQoL Group, Rotterdam, Netherlands) questionnaires in the icon7 high-risk patient population. Canadian post-progression utility values were consistent with those for other gynecologic cancers. Cost inputs were informed by public sources. An annual 5% efficacy and cost discount rate was applied. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis and one-way sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS Ovarian cancer patients at high risk of progression receiving bevacizumab plus standard chemotherapy experienced a mean incremental quality-adjusted life year (qaly) gain of 0.374 years. At an additional cost of $35,901.54, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (icer) for the addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy, relative to standard chemotherapy alone, was $95,942 per qaly. CONCLUSIONS No formal health technology assessment willingness-to-pay threshold exists in Canada. However, at a threshold of $100,000 per qaly, bevacizumab in addition to chemotherapy is a cost-effective alternative for ovarian cancer patients who are at high risk of progression (stage iii suboptimally debulked, and stage iii or iv with unresectable disease). Using the $100,000 per qaly threshold in a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, it was determined that, compared with standard chemotherapy, the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy is cost-effective in 56% of tested scenarios.
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HYPOXIA MODULATES HUMAN PLACENTA-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MIGRATION IN VITRO FOR CARDIAC REPAIR. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Comparison of procedural sedation for the reduction of dislocated total hip arthroplasty. West J Emerg Med 2015; 15:76-80. [PMID: 24696752 PMCID: PMC3952894 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2013.7.15616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Various types of sedation can be used for the reduction of a dislocated total hip arthroplasty. Traditionally, an opiate/benzodiazepine combination has been employed. The use of other pharmacologic agents, such as etomidate and propofol, have more recently gained popularity. Currently no studies directly comparing these sedation agents have been carried out. The purpose of this study is to compare differences in reduction and sedation outcomes, including recovery times, of these 3 sedation agents. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review examining 198 patients who presented with dislocated total hip arthroplasty at 2 academic affiliated medical centers. The patients were grouped according to the type of sedation agent. We calculated percentages of reduction and sedation complications along with recovery times. Reduction complications included fracture, skin or neurovascular injury, and failure of reduction requiring general anesthesia. Sedation complications included use of bag-valve mask and artificial airway, intubation, prolonged recovery, use of a reversal agent, and inability to achieve sedation. We then compared the data for each sedation agent. Results: We found reduction complications rates of 8.7% in the propofol, 24.7% in the etomidate, and 28.9% in the opiate/benzodiazepine groups. The propofol group was significantly different from the other 2agents (p ≤ 0.01). Sedation complications were found 7.3% of the time in the propofol , 11.7% in the etomidate , and 21.3% in the opiate/benzodiazepine group, (p=0.02 propofol vs. others) . Average recovery times were 25.2 minutes for propofol, 30.8 minutes for etomidate, and 44.4 minutes for opiate/benzodiazepine (p = 0.05 for propofol vs. other agents). Conclusion: For reduction of dislocated total hip arthroplasty under procedural sedation, propofol appears to have fewer complications and a trend toward more rapid recovery than both etomidate and opiate/benzodiazepine. These data support the use of propofol as first line agent for procedural sedation of dislocated total hip arthroplasty, with fewer complications and a shorter recovery period.
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Consensus development of a pediatric emergency medicine clerkship curriculum. West J Emerg Med 2014; 15:647-51. [PMID: 25247034 PMCID: PMC4162720 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2014.4.20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As emergency medicine (EM) has become a more prominent feature in the clinical years of medical school training, national EM clerkship curricula have been published to address the need to standardize students' experiences in the field. However, current national student curricula in EM do not include core pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) concepts. METHODS A workgroup was formed by the Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine and the Pediatric Interest Group of the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine to develop a consensus on the content to be covered in EM and PEM student courses. RESULTS The consensus is presented with the goal of outlining principles of pediatric emergency care and prioritizing students' exposure to the most common and life-threatening illnesses and injuries. CONCLUSION This consensus curriculum can serve as a guide to directors of PEM and EM courses to optimize PEM knowledge and skills education.
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Histological and molecular biology diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in a patient without history of travel to endemic areas: case report. Parasite 2014. [PMID: 23193531 PMCID: PMC3671466 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012194441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: in endemic areas, neurocysticercosis appears mainly as a single, large, spherical and non-enhancing intracranial cyst. Case presentation: an atypical case of neurocysticercosis (NCC) in a French Caucasian, without history of travel to endemic areas, was confirmed by histology and molecular speciation. Imaging was atypical, showing several hook-bearing scolices visible in the cyst, while the serology employed was non-contributary. Conclusions: NCC should be considered when multiple taeniid scolices are observed within the same cystic lesion.
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The Impact of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy on Pancreatic Stellate Cells. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Altered Atheroprotective Properties of High-Density Lipoproteins in Adolescents with Chronic Inflammatory Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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[Recurrent atypical mycobacterial infections in the adult: think of autoantibodies against interferon-gamma !]. Rev Med Interne 2012; 33:103-6. [PMID: 22236500 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disseminated non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infections are associated with a defect of the cellular immune response. They have been mainly reported in AIDS patients. Cases related to the presence of anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies are rare. CASE REPORT We report a non HIV-infected 45-year-old Thai woman, with a past medical history of Graves' disease. She presented with recurrent disseminated and severe non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections that were related to the production of anti-interferon-γ autoantibody. The diagnosis was suspected in the presence of a negative interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) including with the positive control, and evidenced by the identification of specific antibodies. CONCLUSION Anti-interferon-γ autoantibody production is a rare cause of non tuberculous mycobacterial infection. Such a mechanism should be suspected in non HIV-infected patients and especially in those having an Asiatic ethnicity or an associated immune disorder. A negative IGRA (including with the positive control) is a reliable diagnostic tool and should be completed with the identification of specific autoantibodies.
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P5-03-03: Identification of New Substrates for Breast Tumor Specific Low-Molecular-Weight Cyclin E Cyclin-Dependent-Kinase 2. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p5-03-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Cyclin E overexpression occurs in 25% of breast cancer tumors and is linked to poor prognosis. In tumor cells full length cyclin E (FL-E) is processed by an elastase-like protease into low-molecular weight isoforms (LMW-E) that are biochemically hyperactive. When overexpressed in breast cancer cells, LMW-E induced genomic instability and resistance to p21, p27, and antiestrogens. LMW-E are tumor specific and are associated with the aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Transgenic mice overexpressing LMW-E had increased incidence of mammary tumors and distant metastasis when compared to FL-E. Furthermore, when the role of CDK2 in LMW-E mediated mammary tumorigenesis was interrogated by crossing LMW-E transgenic mice with CDK2 knock out mice, we found that the mice are protected against mammary tumor formation. Additionally, treatment of LMW-E transgenic mice with roscovitine (a CDK2 inhibitor) delays mammary tumor formation. These results indicate that kinase inhibition may have therapeutic activity in LMW-E overexpressing tumors as shown in this preclinical model. These results lead us to hypothesize that the biological and biochemical differences between FL-E and LMW-E may be due to the phosphorylation of a distinct set of substrates when complexed with CDK2. Our goal is to identify distinct LMW-E/CDK2 substrates on a proteome-wide scale that could serve as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of the aggressive LMW-E expressing TNBC.
Material and Methods: We used two different approaches to identify LMW-E/CDK2 substrates. 1) We generated an analog sensitive CDK2 kinase, (F80A or F80G)-CDK2 to specifically radiolabel its substrates in cell extracts followed by their identification by mass spectroscopy. 2) We incubated ProtoArrayMicroarrays spotted with 3000 GST-tagged human protein on high density glass slides either with recombinant active FL-E/CDK2 or LMW-E/CDK2.
Results: In the first approach, we expressed and purified wild-type CDK2 in complex with FL-E or LMW-E and CDK2 (F80A) and CDK2 (F80G) from insect cells. Although all 3 CDK2 kinases can use ATP to phosphorylate GST-Rb protein, only the F80G mutant can use PE-ATP-γ-S. In the second approach, we incubated protein arrays either with recombinant active FL-E/CDK2 or LMW-E/CDK2 at a concentration of 50 nM. Our first screen identified a total of 122 potential substrates to both FL-E/CDK2 or LMW-E/CDK2 kinase complexes. We only identified 1 protein that is phosphorylated by FL-E/CDK2 significantly more than by LMW-E/CDK2 as compared to the 32 potential substrates specific to LMW-E/CDK2 suggesting that by losing the N-terminal portion, the LMW-E/CDK2 kinase complex is able to specifically interact and phosphorylate novel proteins.
Discussion: The identification of new physiological LMW-E/CDK2 substrates will lead to the development of novel targets for therapeutics and the identification of the biological function for the treatment of the aggressive LMW-E expressing TNBC.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-03-03.
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How many molecules can you crystallize in one experiment? The role of hydrogen bonding in chalcone-flavanone isomerization. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311083164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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[Measure of effectiveness and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon]. Med Mal Infect 2010; 41:176-80. [PMID: 20650582 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify the most useful clinical criteria to measure effectiveness and adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a rural area of Cameroon. PATIENTS AND METHOD All patients under antiretroviral therapy followed for at least 3 months at the Tokombéré UPEC hospital were eligible. Therapeutic failure was defined according to clinical criteria including weight, Karnofsky's index, or occurrence of WHO stage IV conditions. The criteria for drug adherence were based on patient statement (drugs taken over the last 4 days) and pharmacy-controlled drug delivery. Patient sociodemographic characteristics were collected via a questionnaire. RESULTS Fifty-six patients were included, most of whom were at AIDS stage on treatment initiation. The mean duration of antiretroviral therapy was 1 year. 21, 10, and 19% of patients were in therapeutic failure according to "weight", "Karnofsky's index", and "WHO stage IV", respectively. Non-adherence was reported in 5% of patients according to the declarative method and 20% according to pharmacy controlled drug delivery. Weight modification during treatment was significantly correlated with the evolution of Karnofsky's index (p=0.03). A significant correlation between therapeutic failure and non-observance was only found when using the weight criterion and the declarative method (p=0.004). CONCLUSION The effectiveness and adherence to antiretroviral therapy can be evaluated by simple clinical criteria. Using these criteria can be recommended in rural areas until access to biological follow-up becomes available in developing countries.
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Randomized, Controlled Trial of Antibiotics in the Management of Community-Acquired Skin Abscesses in the Pediatric Patient. Ann Emerg Med 2010; 55:401-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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[Various aspects of intestinal tuberculosis]. Med Mal Infect 2010; 40:654-6. [PMID: 20400253 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Syndrome du piriforme révélant une pyomyosite. Rev Med Interne 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2009.10.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The preferences of the deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)), southern red-backed vole ( Myodes gapperi (Vigors, 1830)), heather vole ( Phenacomys intermedius Merriam, 1889), long-tailed vole ( Microtus longicaudus (Merriam, 1888)), and meadow vole ( Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1851)) for lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss), and subalpine fir ( Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) seeds were investigated using cafeteria-style feeding experiments. Seed selection by P. maniculatus and M. gapperi in the field was also studied. Peromyscus maniculatus, M. gapperi, M. longicaudus, and M. pennsylvanicus showed a distinct preference for lodgepole pine seeds and avoidance of subalpine fir seeds, and consumed the different species of seeds in similar relative proportions. Phenacomys intermedius behaved very differently from the other rodent species in that it did not show a preference among seed species, and consumed very few seeds in total. Findings from the field seed selection trials were consistent with laboratory results. We suggest that postdispersal seed predation by small mammals could limit the recruitment success of lodgepole pine and white spruce, but would not be a major problem in the regeneration of subalpine fir stands. This could provide an advantage for subalpine fir over neighbouring competitive species.
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The effect of inhaled lidocaine-hydrofluoroalkane 134a in prednisone-dependent eosinophilic bronchitis. Eur Respir J 2009; 32:1119-22. [PMID: 18827161 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00087108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Skin Abscess Model for Incision and Drainage. Acad Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00392_11.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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High rate of early virological failure with the once-daily tenofovir/lamivudine/nevirapine combination in naive HIV-1-infected patients--authors' response. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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