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Hilmy M, Faik S, Vissamsetti B, Dean N, Evans A. [84] Management and outcome of peri-urethral lesions. Arab J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Faik
- York Teaching Hospital, York, UK
| | | | - N. Dean
- York Teaching Hospital, York, UK
| | - A. Evans
- York Teaching Hospital, York, UK
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Rowen M, Dehghan G, Guedon A, Antaki R, Mayrand M, Dean N, Phillips S, Lapensée L. The POPI tool: prediction model of outcome of pregnancy in IVF. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bullingham R, Wilkinson C, Helena P, Dean N, Claire S. Predicting Length of Stay, Functional Outcomes and Discharge Destinations in Patients Presenting to Hospital with Hip Fractures. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wilder-Smith A, Longini I, Zuber PL, Bärnighausen T, Edmunds WJ, Dean N, Spicher VM, Benissa MR, Gessner BD. The public health value of vaccines beyond efficacy: methods, measures and outcomes. BMC Med 2017; 15:138. [PMID: 28743299 PMCID: PMC5527440 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessments of vaccine efficacy and safety capture only the minimum information needed for regulatory approval, rather than the full public health value of vaccines. Vaccine efficacy provides a measure of proportionate disease reduction, is usually limited to etiologically confirmed disease, and focuses on the direct protection of the vaccinated individual. Herein, we propose a broader scope of methods, measures and outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness and public health impact to be considered for evidence-informed policymaking in both pre- and post-licensure stages. DISCUSSION Pre-licensure: Regulatory concerns dictate an individually randomised clinical trial. However, some circumstances (such as the West African Ebola epidemic) may require novel designs that could be considered valid for licensure by regulatory agencies. In addition, protocol-defined analytic plans for these studies should include clinical as well as etiologically confirmed endpoints (e.g. all cause hospitalisations, pneumonias, acute gastroenteritis and others as appropriate to the vaccine target), and should include vaccine-preventable disease incidence and 'number needed to vaccinate' as outcomes. Post-licensure: There is a central role for phase IV cluster randomised clinical trials that allows for estimation of population-level vaccine impact, including indirect, total and overall effects. Dynamic models should be prioritised over static models as the constant force of infection assumed in static models will usually underestimate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the immunisation programme by underestimating indirect effects. The economic impact of vaccinations should incorporate health and non-health benefits of vaccination in both the vaccinated and unvaccinated populations, thus allowing for estimation of the net social value of vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The full benefits of vaccination reach beyond direct prevention of etiologically confirmed disease and often extend across the life course of a vaccinated person, prevent outcomes in the wider community, stabilise health systems, promote health equity, and benefit local and national economies. The degree to which vaccinations provide broad public health benefits is stronger than for other preventive and curative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilder-Smith
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - I Longini
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - P L Zuber
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Bärnighausen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W J Edmunds
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - N Dean
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - M R Benissa
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B D Gessner
- Agence de Médecine Preventive (AMP), Paris, France
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Knight SJ, Harvey A, Hennel S, Lubitz L, Rowe K, Reveley C, Dean N, Clarke C, Scheinberg A. Measuring quality of life and fatigue in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: estimates of feasibility, internal consistency and parent–adolescent agreement of the PedsQLTM. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21641846.2015.1090816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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El Hachem H, Lefebvre J, Antaki R, Sylvestre C, Bissonnette F, Phillips S, Dean N, Benoit J, Lapensee L. Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (COS) with 450 IU/day vs 600 IU/day in poor responders: a secondary analysis according to the Bologna criteria. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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MacArthur C, Wilson D, Herbison P, Lancashire RJ, Hagen S, Toozs-Hobson P, Dean N, Glazener C. Urinary incontinence persisting after childbirth: extent, delivery history, and effects in a 12-year longitudinal cohort study. BJOG 2015; 123:1022-9. [PMID: 25846816 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the extent of persistent urinary incontinence (UI) 12 years after birth, and association with delivery-mode history and other factors. DESIGN Twelve-year longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Maternity units in Aberdeen, Birmingham, and Dunedin. POPULATION Women who returned questionnaires 3 months and 12 years after index birth. METHODS Data on all births over a period of 12 months were obtained from the units and then women were contacted by post. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Persistent UI reported at 12 years, with one or more previous contact. RESULTS Of 7879 women recruited at 3 months, 3763 (48%) responded at 12 years, with 2944 also having responded at 6 years; non-responders had similar obstetric characteristics. The prevalence of persistent UI was 37.9% (1429/3763). Among those who had reported UI at 3 months, 76.4% reported it at 12 years. Women with persistent UI had lower SF12 quality of life scores. Compared with having only spontaneous vaginal deliveries (SVDs), women who delivered exclusively by caesarean section were less likely to have persistent UI (odds ratio, OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.33-0.54). This was not the case in women who had a combination of caesarean section and SVD births (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.78-1.30). Older age at first birth, greater parity, and overweight/obesity were associated with persistent UI. Of 54 index primiparae with UI before pregnancy, 46 (85.2%) had persistent UI. CONCLUSIONS This study, demonstrating that UI persists to 12 years in about three-quarters of women, and that risk was only reduced with caesarean section if women had no other delivery mode, has practice implications. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT A longitudinal study of 3763 women showed a prevalence of persistent UI 12 years after birth of 37.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C MacArthur
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Wilson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P Herbison
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R J Lancashire
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Hagen
- NMAHP Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - P Toozs-Hobson
- Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Dean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, York Hospital, York, UK
| | - C Glazener
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Dean N, Lari H, Saqqur M, Amir N, Khan K, Mouradian M, Salam A, Romanchuk H, Shuaib A. Reliability of Carotid Doppler performed in a dedicated Stroke Prevention Clinic. Can J Neurol Sci 2014; 32:327-31. [PMID: 16225174 DOI: 10.1017/s0317167100004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:Introduction:Doppler ultrasound (DUS) is used as a screening tool to assess internal carotid artery (ICA) disease. Recent reports suggest that the DUS may be inaccurate in over 28% of patients. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of DUS, when performed in a dedicated stroke prevention clinic (SPC).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who had a DUS performed in our SPC, followed by conventional cerebral angiography. Three groups of patients were defined. Group 1 had DUS measured ICA stenosis of >50%; Group II had a DUS measured ICA stenosis of <50%; Group III had complete ICA occlusion on DUS.Results:Sixty-seven patients (69 arteries) were included in the study. There were 45 patients in Group I and based on the findings of cerebral angiography, carotid endarterectomy was considered inappropriate in only one patient. - a misclassification rate of 2.2% (95%CI: 0 – 6.5%). Group II consisted of 19 patients and on cerebral angiography, none of these patients had a stenosis of >50% - a misclassification rate of 0%. Group III consisted of five patients in whom DUS showed complete ICA occlusion. The angiogram confirmed the occlusion in all five patients – a misclassification rate of 0%. Overall, misclassification rate was 1.45% (95% CI: 0 - 4.3%).Conclusions:Doppler ultrasound when performed in a stroke prevention clinic (SPC), has a high accuracy in measuring ICA stenosis of >50%. Doppler ultrasound is reliable in detecting complete ICA occlusion and finally DUS is a reliable screening tool to rule out clinically significant ICA stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dean
- Division of Neurology, The Al Owen and Family Stroke Prevention Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Roumain C, Dean N, Dzineku F, Kadoch IJ, Phillips S, Lapensee L. Ovulation trigger with less than 3 follicles in stimulated in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles: a retrospective study. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Kaiser S, Clark SR, Nicoletti D, Cotugno G, Tobey RI, Dean N, Lupi S, Okamoto H, Hasegawa T, Jaksch D, Cavalleri A. Optical properties of a vibrationally modulated solid state Mott insulator. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3823. [PMID: 24448171 PMCID: PMC3898202 DOI: 10.1038/srep03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical pulses at THz and mid-infrared frequencies tuned to specific vibrational resonances modulate the lattice along chosen normal mode coordinates. In this way, solids can be switched between competing electronic phases and new states are created. Here, we use vibrational modulation to make electronic interactions (Hubbard-U) in Mott-insulator time dependent. Mid-infrared optical pulses excite localized molecular vibrations in ET-F2TCNQ, a prototypical one-dimensional Mott-insulator. A broadband ultrafast probe interrogates the resulting optical spectrum between THz and visible frequencies. A red-shifted charge-transfer resonance is observed, consistent with a time-averaged reduction of the electronic correlation strength U. Secondly, a sideband manifold inside of the Mott-gap appears, resulting from a periodically modulated U. The response is compared to computations based on a quantum-modulated dynamic Hubbard model. Heuristic fitting suggests asymmetric holon-doublon coupling to the molecules and that electron double-occupancies strongly squeeze the vibrational mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kaiser
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - S. R. Clark
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - D. Nicoletti
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - G. Cotugno
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - R. I. Tobey
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Dean
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Lupi
- CNR-IOM and Department of Physics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - H. Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T. Hasegawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - D. Jaksch
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Cavalleri
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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Dienst A, Casandruc E, Fausti D, Zhang L, Eckstein M, Hoffmann M, Khanna V, Dean N, Gensch M, Winnerl S, Seidel W, Pyon S, Takayama T, Takagi H, Cavalleri A. Optical excitation of Josephson plasma solitons in a cuprate superconductor. Nat Mater 2013; 12:535-541. [PMID: 23524373 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Josephson plasma waves are linear electromagnetic modes that propagate along the planes of cuprate superconductors, sustained by interlayer tunnelling supercurrents. For strong electromagnetic fields, as the supercurrents approach the critical value, the electrodynamics become highly nonlinear. Josephson plasma solitons (JPSs) are breather excitations predicted in this regime, bound vortex-antivortex pairs that propagate coherently without dispersion. We experimentally demonstrate the excitation of a JPS in La1.84Sr0.16CuO4, using intense narrowband radiation from an infrared free-electron laser tuned to the 2-THz Josephson plasma resonance. The JPS becomes observable as it causes a transparency window in the opaque spectral region immediately below the plasma resonance. Optical control of magnetic-flux-carrying solitons may lead to new applications in terahertz-frequency plasmonics, in information storage and transport and in the manipulation of high-Tc superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dienst
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Petersen J, Kaiser S, Dean N, Simoncig A, Liu H, Cavalieri A, Cacho C, Turcu I, Springate E, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Dhesi SS, Berger H, Cavalleri A. Charge density wave dynamics from ultrafast XUV ARPES. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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MacArthur C, Wilson D, Herbison P, Lancashire RJ, Hagen S, Toozs-Hobson P, Dean N, Glazener C. Faecal incontinence persisting after childbirth: a 12 year longitudinal study. BJOG 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C MacArthur
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Health and Population Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - D Wilson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Dunedin School of Medicine; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - P Herbison
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine; Dunedin School of Medicine; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - RJ Lancashire
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Health and Population Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - S Hagen
- NMAHP Research Unit; Glasgow Caledonian University; Glasgow UK
| | - P Toozs-Hobson
- Birmingham Women's Hospital; Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - N Dean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; York Hospital; York UK
| | - C Glazener
- Health Services Research Unit; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
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Glazener C, Elders A, MacArthur C, Lancashire RJ, Herbison P, Hagen S, Dean N, Bain C, Toozs-Hobson P, Richardson K, McDonald A, McPherson G, Wilson D. Childbirth and prolapse: long-term associations with the symptoms and objective measurement of pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Glazener
- Health Services Research Unit; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - A Elders
- Health Services Research Unit; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - C MacArthur
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Health and Population Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - RJ Lancashire
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Health and Population Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - P Herbison
- Departments of Women's and Children's Health and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine; Dunedin School of Medicine; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - S Hagen
- NMAHP Research Unit; Glasgow Caledonian University; Glasgow UK
| | - N Dean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; York Hospital; York UK
| | - C Bain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Aberdeen Royal Infirmary; Aberdeen UK
| | - P Toozs-Hobson
- Birmingham Women's Hospital; Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | - K Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Aberdeen Royal Infirmary; Aberdeen UK
| | - A McDonald
- Health Services Research Unit; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - G McPherson
- Health Services Research Unit; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - D Wilson
- Departments of Women's and Children's Health and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine; Dunedin School of Medicine; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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Monceau E, Velez MP, Dean N, Kadoch I, Lapensee L. 450IU versus 600IU of gonadotropins in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF): preliminary report of a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Petersen JC, Kaiser S, Dean N, Simoncig A, Liu HY, Cavalieri AL, Cacho C, Turcu ICE, Springate E, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Dhesi SS, Berger H, Cavalleri A. Clocking the melting transition of charge and lattice order in 1T-TaS2 with ultrafast extreme-ultraviolet angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:177402. [PMID: 22107580 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.177402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with sub-30-fs extreme-ultraviolet pulses to map the time- and momentum-dependent electronic structure of photoexcited 1T-TaS(2). This compound is a two-dimensional Mott insulator with charge-density wave ordering. Charge order, evidenced by splitting between occupied subbands at the Brillouin zone boundary, melts well before the lattice responds. This challenges the view of a charge-density wave caused by electron-phonon coupling and Fermi-surface nesting alone, and suggests that electronic correlations play a key role in driving charge order.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Petersen
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Fausti D, Tobey RI, Dean N, Kaiser S, Dienst A, Hoffmann MC, Pyon S, Takayama T, Takagi H, Cavalleri A. Light-induced superconductivity in a stripe-ordered cuprate. Science 2011; 331:189-91. [PMID: 21233381 DOI: 10.1126/science.1197294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
One of the most intriguing features of some high-temperature cuprate superconductors is the interplay between one-dimensional "striped" spin order and charge order, and superconductivity. We used mid-infrared femtosecond pulses to transform one such stripe-ordered compound, nonsuperconducting La(1.675)Eu(0.2)Sr(0.125)CuO(4), into a transient three-dimensional superconductor. The emergence of coherent interlayer transport was evidenced by the prompt appearance of a Josephson plasma resonance in the c-axis optical properties. An upper limit for the time scale needed to form the superconducting phase is estimated to be 1 to 2 picoseconds, which is significantly faster than expected. This places stringent new constraints on our understanding of stripe order and its relation to superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fausti
- Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, University of Hamburg-Centre for Free Electron Laser Science-Hamburg, Germany.
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Dean N, Petersen JC, Fausti D, Tobey RI, Kaiser S, Gasparov LV, Berger H, Cavalleri A. Polaronic conductivity in the photoinduced phase of 1T-TaS2. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:016401. [PMID: 21231756 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.016401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The transient optical conductivity of photoexcited 1T-TaS2 is determined over a three-order-of-magnitude frequency range. Prompt collapse and recovery of the Mott gap is observed. However, we find important differences between this transient metallic state and that seen across the thermally driven insulator-metal transition. Suppressed low-frequency conductivity, Fano phonon line shapes, and a midinfrared absorption band point to polaronic transport. This is explained by noting that the photoinduced metallic state of 1T-TaS2 is one in which the Mott gap is melted but the lattice retains its low-temperature symmetry, a regime only accessible by photodoping.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dean
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
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Fujii R, Fujita S, Waseda T, Oka Y, Takagi H, Tomizawa H, Sasagawa T, Makinoda S, Cavagna M, Braga DPAF, Figueira RCS, Aoki T, Maldonado LGL, Iaconelli A, Borges E, Prabhakar S, Dittrich R, Beckmann MW, Hoffmann I, Mueller A, Kjotrod S, Carlsen SM, Rasmussen PE, Holst-Larsen T, Mellembakken J, Thurin-Kjellberg A, Haapaniemi Kouru K, Morin Papunen L, Humaidan P, Sunde A, von During V, Pappalardo S, Valeri C, Crescenzi F, Manna C, Sallam HN, Polec A, Raki M, Tanbo T, Abyholm T, Fedorcsak P, Tabanelli C, Ferraretti AP, Feliciani E, Magli MC, Fasolino C, Gianaroli L, Wang T, Feng C, Song Y, Dong MY, Sheng JZ, Huang HF, Sayyah Melli M, Kazemi-shishvan M, Snajderova M, Zemkova D, Pechova M, Teslik L, Lanska V, Ketel I, Serne E, Stehouwer C, Korsen T, Hompes P, Smulders Y, Voorstemans L, Homburg R, Lambalk C, Bellver J, Martinez-Conejero JA, Pellicer A, Labarta E, Alama P, Melo MAB, Horcajadas JA, Agirregoitia N, Peralta L, Mendoza R, Exposito A, Matorras R, Agirregoitia E, Ajina M, Chaouache N, Gaddas M, Souissi A, Tabka Z, Saad A, Zaouali-Ajina M, Zbidi A, Eguchi N, Jinno M, Watanabe A, Hirohama J, Hatakeyama N, Choi YM, Kim JJ, Kim DH, Yoon SH, Ku SY, Kim SH, Kim JG, Lee KS, Moon SY, Hirohama J, Jinno M, Watanabe A, Eguchi N, Hatakeyama N, Jinno M, Watanabe A, Hirohama J, Eguchi N, Hatakeyama N, Xiong Y, Liang X, Li Y, Yang X, Wei L, Makinoda S, Tomizawa H, Fujita S, Takagi H, Oka Y, Waseda T, Sasagawa T, Fujii R, Utsunomiya T, Chu S, Li P, Akarsu S, Dirican EK, Akin KO, Kormaz C, Goktolga U, Ceyhan ST, Kara C, Nadamoto K, Tarui S, Ida M, Sugihara K, Haruki A, Hukuda A, Morimoto Y, Albu A, Albu D, Sandu L, Kong G, Cheung L, Lok I, Pinto A, Teixeira L, Figueiredo H, Pires I, Silva Carvalho JL, Pereira ML, Faut M, de Zuniga I, Colaci D, Barrios E, Oubina A, Terrado Gil G, Motta A, Colaci D, de Zuniga I, Horton M, Faut M, Sobral F, Gomez Pena M, Motta A, Gleicher N, Barad DH, Li YP, Zhao HC, Spaczynski RZ, Guzik P, Banaszewska B, Krauze T, Wykretowicz A, Wysocki H, Pawelczyk L, Sarikaya E, Gulerman C, Cicek N, Mollamahmutoglu L, Venetis CA, Kolibianakis EM, Toulis K, Goulis D, Loutradi K, Chatzimeletiou K, Papadimas I, Bontis I, Tarlatzis BC, Schultze-Mosgau A, Griesinger G, Schoepper B, Cordes T, Diedrich K, Al-Hasani S, Gomez R, Jovanovic V, Sauer CM, Shawber CJ, Sauer MV, Kitajewski J, Zimmermann RC, Bungum L, Jacobsson AK, Rosen F, Becker C, Andersen CY, Guner N, Giwercman A, Kiapekou E, Zapanti E, Boukelatou D, Mavreli T, Bletsa R, Stefanidis K, Drakakis P, Mastorakos G, Loutradis D, Malhotra N, Sharma V, Kumar S, Roy KK, Sharma JB, Ferraretti A, Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Crippa A, Stanghellini I, Robles F, Serdynska-Szuster M, Spaczynski RZ, Banaszewska B, Pawelczyk L, Kristensen SL, Ernst E, Toft G, Olsen SF, Bonde JP, Vested A, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Wang FF, Qu F, Ding GL, Huang HF, Gallot V, Genro V, Roux I, Scheffer JB, Frydman R, Fanchin R, Kanta Goswami S, Banerjee S, Chakravarty BN, Kabir SN, Seeber BE, Morandell E, Kurzthaler D, Wildt L, Dieplinger H, Tutuncu L, Bodur S, Dundar O, Ron - El R, Seger R, Komarovsky D, Kasterstein E, Komsky A, Maslansky B, Strassburger D, Ben-Ami I, Zhao XM, Ni RM, Lin L, Dong M, Tu CH, He ZH, Yang DZ, Karamalegos C, Polidoropoulos N, Papanikopoulos C, Stefanis P, Argyrou M, Doriza S, Sisi V, Moschopoulou M, Karagianni T, Mentorou C, Economou K, Davies S, Mastrominas M, Gougeon A, De Los Santos MJ, Garcia-Laez V, Martinez-Conejero JA, Horcajadas JA, Esteban F, Labarta E, Crespo J, Pellicer A, Li HWR, Anderson RA, Yeung WSB, Ho PC, Ng EHY, Yang HI, Lee KE, Seo SK, Kim HY, Cho SH, Choi YS, Lee BS, Park KH, Cho DJ, Hart R, Doherty D, Mori T, Hickey M, Sloboda D, Norman R, Huang RC, Beilin L, Freiesleben N, Lossl K, Johannsen TH, Loft A, Bangsboll S, Hougaard D, Friis-Hansen L, Christiansen M, Nyboe Andersen A, Thum MY, Abdalla H, Martinez-Salazar J, De la Fuente G, Kohls G, Pellicer A, Garcia Velasco JA, Yasmin E, Kukreja S, Barth J, Balen AH, Esra T, Var T, Citil A, Dogan M, Cicek N, Messini CI, Dafopoulos K, Chalvatzas N, Georgoulias P, Anifandis G, Messinis IE, Celik O, Hascalik S, Celik N, Sahin I, Aydin S, Hanna CW, Bretherick KL, Liu CC, Stephenson MD, Robinson WP, Louwers YV, Goodarzi MO, Taylor KD, Jones MR, Cui J, Kwon S, Chen YDI, Guo X, Stolk L, Uitterlinden AG, Laven JSE, Azziz R, Navaratnarajah R, Grun B, Sinclair J, Dafou D, Gayther S, Timms JF, Hardiman PJ, Ye Y, Wu R, Ou J, Kim SD, Jee BC, Lee JY, Suh CS, Kim SH, Jung JH, Moon SY, Opmeer BC, Broeze KA, Coppus SF, Collins JA, Den Hartog JE, Land JA, Van der Linden PJ, Marianowski P, Ng E, Van der Steeg JW, Steures P, Strandell A, Mol BW, Tarlatzi TB, Kyrou D, Mertzanidou A, Fatemi HM, Tarlatzis BC, Devroey P, Batenburg TE, Konig TE, Overbeek A, Hompes P, Schats R, Lambalk CB, Carone D, Vizziello G, Vitti A, Chiappetta R, Topcu HO, Yuksel B, Islimye M, Karakaya J, ozat M, Batioglu S, Kuchenbecker WK, Groen H, Bolster JH, van Asselt S, Wolffenbuettel BH, Land JA, Hoek A, Wu Y, Pan H, Chen X, Wang T, Huang H, Zavos A, Dafopoulos K, Georgoulias P, Messini CI, Verikouki C, Messinis IE, Van Os L, Vink-Ranti CQJ, Rijnders PM, Tucker KE, Jansen CAM, Lucco F, Pozzobon C, Lara E, Galliano D, Pellicer A, Ballesteros A, Ghoshdastidar B, Maity SP, Ghoshdastidar B, Ghoshdastidar S, Luna M, Vela G, Sandler B, Barritt J, Flisser ED, Copperman AB, Nogueira D, Prat L, Degoy J, Bonald F, Montagut J, Ghoshdastidar S, Maity S, Ghoshdastidar B, Chen S, Chen X, Luo C, Zhen H, Shi X, Wu F, Ni Y, Merdassi G, Chaker A, Kacem K, Benmeftah M, Fourati S, Wahabi D, Zhioua F, Zhioua A, Saini P, Saini A, Sugiyama R, Nakagawa K, Nishi Y, Jyuen H, Kuribayashi Y, Sugiyama R, Inoue M, Jancar N, Vrtacnik Bokal E, Virant-Klun I, Lee JH, Kim SG, Cha EM, Park IH, Lee KH, Dahdouh EM, Desrosiers P, St-Michel P, Villeneuve M, Fontaine JY, Granger L, Ramon O, Matorras R, Burgos J, Abanto E, Gonzalez M, Mugica J, Corcostegui B, Exposito A, Tal J, Ziskind G, Ohel G, Paltieli Y, Paz G, Lewit N, Sendel H, Khouri S, Calderon I, van Gelder P, Al-Inany HG, Antaki R, Dean N, Lapensee L, Racicot M, Menard S, Kadoch I, Meylaerts LJ, Dreesen L, Vandersteen M, Neumann C, Zollner U, Kato K, Segawa T, Kawachiya S, Okuno T, Kobayashi T, Takehara Y, Kato O, Jayaprakasan K, Nardo L, Hopkisson J, Campbell B, Raine-Fenning N. Posters * Reproductive Endocrinology (i.e. PCOS, Menarche, Menopause etc.). Hum Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/de.25.s1.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Son WY, Chung JT, Herrero B, Dean N, Demirtas E, Holzer H, Elizur S, Chian RC, Tan SL. Selection of the optimal day for oocyte retrieval based on the diameter of the dominant follicle in hCG-primed in vitro maturation cycles. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2680-5. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Dahan M, Agdi M, Shehata F, Dean N, Tan S. A comparison of in-vitro fertilization cycles using recombinant and menopausal luteinizing hormone (LH). Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in surgical techniques have led to the availability of a number of minimal-access procedures to treat urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). These procedures have been individually compared with the 'gold standard' open Burch colposuspension; however, it now seems appropriate to compare like with like and compare these minimal-access techniques with each other. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic colposuspension with tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for the treatment of USI. SEARCH STRATEGY Randomised trials in woman with USI, which compared laparoscopic colposuspension with TVT in the arms of the trial, were identified from the Cochrane Incontinence Review Group's Specialised Register of Controlled Trials. SELECTION CRITERIA The trials were evaluated for methodological quality and appropriateness for inclusion by the reviewers using the Incontinence Group's assessment criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The data were extracted independently, and when appropriate, meta-analysis was undertaken to calculate pooled estimates and their confidence intervals (CI). The main outcomes measured were: subjective cure, objective cure, quality of life (QoL) measurements, surgical outcomes and health economic measures. MAIN RESULTS Seven trials compare laparoscopic colposuspension (n= 264) with TVT (n= 290). There was no statistically significant difference in the reported subjective cure rate between laparoscopic colposuspension and TVT within 18 months (relative risk [RR] 1.12, 95% CI 0.98-1.29). However, within the same time period, the overall objective cure rate was statistically significantly higher for TVT (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.25). There were no significant differences between the two procedures with regards to perioperative complication, de novo detrusor overactivity, voiding dysfunction, procedural costs and QoL scores. However, TVT procedure is quicker to perform and has a shorter hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS The evidence so far appears to be in favour of the TVT as the minimal-access technique of choice for USI in comparison with laparosopic colposuspension; however, long-tem data are needed. Further well-designed trials with standardized outcomes are required to draw accurate conclusions from this comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dean
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Affiliation(s)
- W Berjaoui
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Utah, 2600 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-4701, USA.
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Buckett W, Chian RC, Holzer H, Dean N, Usher R, Tan SL. Congenital Abnormalities and Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies Following IVM, IVF, and ICSI Delivered in a Single Center. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang J, Chian R, Son W, Dean N, Tan S, Tulandi T. Ovarian Tissue Banking to Preserve Fertility: A McGill University Experience. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mouradian MS, Senthilselvan A, Jickling G, McCombe JA, Emery DJ, Dean N, Shuaib A. Intravenous rt-PA for acute stroke: comparing its effectiveness in younger and older patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:1234-7. [PMID: 16107357 PMCID: PMC1739813 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.047803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the short and long term differences in outcome between patients > or =80 years of age and those < or =79 years of age who received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (iv rt-PA) for acute stroke within the first 3 hours of symptom onset. METHODS We studied consecutive patients treated with iv rt-PA for acute stroke, with prospective follow up of up to 3 years. Outcome measures included National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin score (MRS), and stroke mortality. Patients were split into two groups: younger (< or =79 years) and older (> or =80 years). RESULTS There were 65 patients in the younger cohort and 31 patients in the older. Older patients were more likely to present with more severe baseline stroke (p = 0.04; odds ratio (OR) 3.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 8.98). Stroke mortality at 90 days was 10.8% in the younger and 32.3% in the older cohort (p = 0.01). At 90 days' follow up, patients in the older cohort with more severe stroke (NIHSS score > or =11) were nearly 10 times more likely to have poor outcome compared with their younger counterparts presenting with severe stroke (p = 0.001; OR = 10.36; 95% CI 2.16 to 49.20). Baseline stroke severity and age were the only independent and equal predictors for stroke outcome. No threshold was found for age or baseline stroke severity predicting outcome. CONCLUSION Older patients presenting with more severe baseline stroke are much less likely to benefit from iv rt-PA as compared with their younger counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mouradian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 2E3.13 Walter C Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
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Buckett W, Chian RC, Barrington K, Dean N, Abdul-Jalil K, Tan S. Obstetric, neonatal and infant outcome in babies conceived by in vitro maturation (IVM): Initial five-year results 1998–2003. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dean N, Khan KA. Re: Auditing carotid endarterectomy: a regional experience. J. Max Findlay, Linda Nykolyn, Tracey B. Can J Neurol Sci 2002; 29:326-332. Can J Neurol Sci 2003; 30:79. [PMID: 12619791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Hua XY, Moore A, Malkmus S, Murray SF, Dean N, Yaksh TL, Butler M. Inhibition of spinal protein kinase Calpha expression by an antisense oligonucleotide attenuates morphine infusion-induced tolerance. Neuroscience 2002; 113:99-107. [PMID: 12123688 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C isoforms including the alpha isozyme have been implicated in morphine tolerance. In the present study, we examined the effect of intrathecal delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide targeting rat protein kinase Calpha mRNA on the expression of spinal protein kinase Calpha isozyme and spinal morphine tolerance. Continuous intrathecal infusion of rats with morphine produced an increase in paw withdrawal threshold to thermal stimulation on day 1, which disappeared by day 5. On day 6, a bolus intrathecal injection of morphine (a probe dose) produced significantly less analgesia in morphine-infused rats than in saline-infused rats, suggesting tolerance. Intrathecal treatment with the protein kinase Calpha antisense concurrent with spinal morphine infusion not only maintained the analgesic effect of morphine during the 5-day infusion, it also significantly increased responsiveness to the probe morphine dose on day 6. In comparison, the missense used in the same treatment paradigm had no effect. The inhibitory effect of protein kinase Calpha antisense on spinal morphine tolerance was dose-dependent, and reversible. Intrathecal treatment with the antisense, but not the missense, in rats decreased expression of spinal protein kinase Calpha mRNA and protein, as revealed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blots. Expression of the gamma isozyme was not affected by the oligonucleotides. The antisense also attenuated protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation in spinal cord. These results demonstrate that selective reduction in the expression of the spinal protein kinase Calpha isozyme followed by a decrease of local protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation will reverse spinal morphine infusion-induced tolerance. This finding is consistent with the view that tolerance produced by morphine infusion is dependent upon an increase in phosphorylation by protein kinase C, and also it emphasizes that the protein kinase Calpha isozyme and its activation in spinal cord may specifically participate in the phenomenon of opiate tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Y Hua
- Anesthesia Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92103-0818, USA.
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Higuchi H, Miyoshi H, Bronk SF, Zhang H, Dean N, Gores GJ. Bid antisense attenuates bile acid-induced apoptosis and cholestatic liver injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 299:866-73. [PMID: 11714870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids cause liver injury during cholestasis by inducing hepatocyte apoptosis by both Fas-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, the Fas-independent apoptosis also appears to be death receptor-mediated. Because death receptor-mediated apoptosis in hepatocytes requires proapoptotic Bcl-2 BH3 domain only protein Bid, we postulated that Fas-independent but death receptor-mediated bile acid cytotoxicity would be Bid-dependent. We used Fas-deficient lymphoproliferative (lpr) mouse hepatocytes for these studies, and inhibited Bid expression using an antisense approach. Glychochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) was used to induce apoptosis. Bid cleavage and translocation to mitochondria was observed in GCDC-treated cells as assessed by immunoblot analysis and confocal imaging of Bid-green fluorescent protein, respectively. Bid translocation to mitochondria was associated with cytochrome c release. A Bid antisense 2'-MOE modified oligonucleotide inhibited Bid expression in hepatocytes and markedly attenuated hepatocytes apoptosis by GCDC. Treatment of lpr mice with Bid antisense also ameliorated liver injury following bile duct ligation of the mice, a model of extrahepatic cholestasis. These results suggest that bile acid cytotoxicity is Bid-dependent despite the absence of Fas. Bid antisense therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Medical School, Clinic, and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Brough GH, Wu S, Cioffi D, Moore TM, Li M, Dean N, Stevens T. Contribution of endogenously expressed Trp1 to a Ca2+-selective, store-operated Ca2+ entry pathway. FASEB J 2001. [PMID: 11481220 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0108com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of the transient receptor potential-1 gene product (Trp1) encodes for a Ca2+ entry pathway, though it is unclear whether endogenous Trp1 contributes to a selective store-operated Ca2+ entry current. We examined the role of Trp1 in regulating both store-operated Ca2+ entry and a store-operated Ca2+ entry current, I(SOC), in A549 and endothelial cells. Twenty different 'chimeric' 2'-O-(2-methoxy)ethylphosphothioate antisense oligonucleotides were transfected separately using cationic lipids and screened for their ability to inhibit Trp1 mRNA. Two hypersensitive regions were identified, one at the 5' end of the coding region and the second in the 3' untranslated region beginning six nucleotides downstream of the stop codon. Antisense oligonucleotides stably decreased Trp1 at concentrations ranging from 10 to 300 nM, for up to 72 h. Thapsigargin increased global cytosolic Ca2+ and activated a I(SOC), which was small (-35 pA @ -80 mV), reversed near +40 mV, inhibited by 50 microM La3+, and exhibited anomalous mole fraction dependence. Inhibition of Trp1 reduced the global cytosolic Ca(2+) response to thapsigargin by 25% and similarly reduced I(SOC) by 50%. These data collectively support a role for endogenously expressed Trp1 in regulating a Ca2+-selective current activated upon Ca2+ store depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Brough
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
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Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, Bass JB, Broughton WA, Campbell GD, Dean N, File T, Fine MJ, Gross PA, Martinez F, Marrie TJ, Plouffe JF, Ramirez J, Sarosi GA, Torres A, Wilson R, Yu VL. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001. [PMID: 11401897 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Abdul-Jalil AK, Child TJ, Phillips S, Dean N, Carrier S, Tan SL. Ongoing twin pregnancy after ICSI of PESA-retrieved spermatozoa into in-vitro matured oocytes: case report. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:1424-6. [PMID: 11425824 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.7.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of immature oocytes from unstimulated ovaries followed by in-vitro maturation (IVM) is an attractive alternative to conventional IVF in the treatment of female infertility. Similarly, surgical recovery of spermatozoa from the epididymis by percutaneous sperm aspiration (PESA) has simplified the retrieval of the male gamete in treatment of men with obstructive azoospermia. We report the first ongoing clinical twin pregnancy resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of spermatozoa retrieved by PESA into IVM oocytes. In the treatment of a 24-year old woman, 12 immature oocytes were retrieved. Six oocytes matured (maturation rate 50%) after 24-hour incubation and were inseminated by ICSI. Four oocytes had two pronuclei (fertilization rate 67%) and 3 good quality embryos were transferred. A viable twin pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound scan. This report illustrates the use of a combination of less invasive assisted reproductive techniques in overcoming barriers to infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Abdul-Jalil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill Reproductive Center, Royal Victoria Hospital F6.58, McGill University, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Cipollo JF, Trimble RB, Chi JH, Yan Q, Dean N. The yeast ALG11 gene specifies addition of the terminal alpha 1,2-Man to the Man5GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol N-glycosylation intermediate formed on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:21828-40. [PMID: 11278778 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010896200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial steps in N-linked glycosylation involve the synthesis of a lipid-linked core oligosaccharide followed by the transfer of the core glycan to nascent polypeptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we describe alg11, a new yeast glycosylation mutant that is defective in the last step of the synthesis of the Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol core oligosaccharide on the cytosolic face of the ER. A deletion of the ALG11 gene leads to poor growth and temperature-sensitive lethality. In an alg11 lesion, both Man(3)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol and Man(4)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol are translocated into the ER lumen as substrates for the Man-P-dolichol-dependent sugar transferases in this compartment. This leads to a unique family of oligosaccharide structures lacking one or both of the lower arm alpha1,2-linked Man residues. The former are elongated to mannan, whereas the latter are poor substrates for outerchain initiation by Ochlp (Nakayama, K.-I., Nakanishi-Shindo, Y., Tanaka, A., Haga-Toda, Y., and Jigami, Y. (1997) FEBS Lett. 412, 547-550) and accumulate largely as truncated biosynthetic end products. The ALG11 gene is predicted to encode a 63.1-kDa membrane protein that by indirect immunofluorescence resides in the ER. The Alg11 protein is highly conserved, with homologs in fission yeast, worms, flies, and plants. In addition to these Alg11-related proteins, Alg11p is also similar to Alg2p, a protein that regulates the addition of the third mannose to the core oligosaccharide. All of these Alg11-related proteins share a 23-amino acid sequence that is found in over 60 proteins from bacteria to man whose function is in sugar metabolism, implicating this sequence as a potential sugar nucleotide binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cipollo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201, USA
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Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, Bass JB, Broughton WA, Campbell GD, Dean N, File T, Fine MJ, Gross PA, Martinez F, Marrie TJ, Plouffe JF, Ramirez J, Sarosi GA, Torres A, Wilson R, Yu VL. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163:1730-54. [PMID: 11401897 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.at1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1399] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Gao XD, Nishikawa A, Dean N. Identification of a conserved motif in the yeast golgi GDP-mannose transporter required for binding to nucleotide sugar. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:4424-32. [PMID: 11067855 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins and lipids in the Golgi complex are modified by the addition of sugars. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these terminal Golgi carbohydrate modifications primarily involve mannose additions that utilize GDP-mannose as the substrate. The transport of GDP-mannose from its site of synthesis in the cytosol into the lumen of the Golgi is mediated by the VRG4 gene product, a nucleotide sugar transporter that is a member of a large family of related membrane proteins. Loss of VRG4 function leads to lethality, but several viable vrg4 mutants were isolated whose GDP-mannose transport activity was reduced but not obliterated. Mutations in these alleles mapped to a region of the Vrg4 protein that is highly conserved among other GDP-mannose transporters but not other types of nucleotide sugar transporters. Here, we present evidence that suggest an involvement of this region of the protein in binding GDP-mannose. Most of the mutations that were introduced within this conserved domain, spanning amino acids 280-291 of Vrg4p, lead to lethality, and none interfere with Vrg4 protein stability, localization, or dimer formation. The null phenotype of these mutant vrg4 alleles can be complemented by their overexpression. Vesicles prepared from vrg4 mutant strains were reduced in luminal GDP-mannose transport activity, but this effect could be suppressed by increasing the concentration of GDP-mannose in vitro. Thus, either an increased substrate concentration, in vitro, or an increased Vrg4 protein concentration, in vivo, can suppress these vrg4 mutant phenotypes. Vrg4 proteins with alterations in this region were reduced in binding to guanosine 5'-[gamma-(32)P]triphosphate gamma-azidoanilide, a photoaffinity substrate analogue whose binding to Vrg4-HAp was specifically inhibited by GDP-mannose. Taken together, these data are consistent with the model that amino acids in this region of the yeast GDP-mannose transporter mediate the recognition of or binding to nucleotide sugar prior to its transport into the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA
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Abstract
Among 828 patients undergoing IVF-embryo transfer treatment, the implantation and pregnancy rates of patients who developed < or = 3 follicles were compared prospectively with those patients who had a normal response. Patients who developed 1 to 3 follicles during ovarian stimulation elected to proceed with oocyte collection, have intrauterine insemination if appropriate, or to have their cycle cancelled. In the group of patients who developed < or = 3 follicles and who were aged <40 years, despite a significantly lower number of oocytes collected [2 versus 7; median difference (MD) = 9; confidence interval (CI) = 7-11, and lower number of embryos developed and transferred (1 versus 3; MD = 2; CI = 1-2), no difference in either implantation rate [27.8 versus 20.4%; odds ratio (OR) = 1.58; CI = 0.46-4.54] or pregnancy rate (27.8 versus 36.7%; OR = 0.7; CI = 0.2-2.0) was noted when compared with similarly aged patients who developed >3 follicles. However, in patients aged >40 years who developed < or = 3 follicles, a moderate, albeit non-significant decrease in implantation rate (3.8 versus 7.8%; OR = 1.91; CI = 0.4-57.0) and pregnancy rate (4.2 versus 18.3%; OR = 1.92; CI = 0.38-57.0) was observed when compared with patients of a similar age who developed >3 follicles. Patients aged <40 years, unlike older patients, maintain good implantation and pregnancy rates despite a poor response to ovarian stimulation. This study indicates that for this group of women, continuation of IVF treatment is a better option than cancellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Biljan
- McGill Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Gao XD, Dean N. Distinct protein domains of the yeast Golgi GDP-mannose transporter mediate oligomer assembly and export from the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:17718-27. [PMID: 10748175 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m909946199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The substrates for glycan synthesis in the lumen of the Golgi are nucleotide sugars that must be transported from the cytosol by specific membrane-bound transporters. The principal nucleotide sugar used for glycosylation in the Golgi of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is GDP-mannose, whose lumenal transport is mediated by the VRG4 gene product. As the sole provider of lumenal mannose, the Vrg4 protein functions as a key regulator of glycosylation in the yeast Golgi. We have undertaken a functional analysis of Vrg4p as a model for understanding nucleotide sugar transport in the Golgi. Here, we analyzed epitope-tagged alleles of VRG4. Gel filtration chromatography and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that the Vrg4 protein forms homodimers with specificity and high affinity. Deletion analyses identified two regions essential for Vrg4p function. Mutant Vrg4 proteins lacking the predicted C-terminal membrane-spanning domain fail to assemble into oligomers (Abe, M., Hashimoto, H., and Yoda, K. (1999) FEBS Lett. 458, 309-312) and are unstable, while proteins lacking the N-terminal cytosolic tail are stable and multimerize efficiently, but are mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fusion of the N terminus of Vrg4p to related ER membrane proteins promote their transport to the Golgi, suggesting that sequences in the N terminus supply information for ER export. The dominant negative phenotype resulting from overexpression of truncated Vrg4-DeltaN proteins provides strong genetic evidence for homodimer formation in vivo. These studies are consistent with a model in which Vrg4p oligomerizes in the ER and is subsequently transported to the Golgi via a mechanism that involves positive sorting rather than passive default.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA
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Gottschalk A, Basila D, Wong M, Dean N, Stokoe D, Haas-Kogan D. The molecular mechanism of the PTEN-induced G1 growth arrest. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)80375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pal B, Nash J, Oppenheim B, Dean N, McFarlane L, Maxwell S. Is routine synovial fluid analysis necessary? Lessons and recommendations from an audit. Rheumatol Int 1999; 18:181-2. [PMID: 10399793 DOI: 10.1007/s002960050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This audit of 408 synovial fluid samples, analysed for cell counts and crystals, revealed that crystals were present in only 25 samples (6.1%). Of these, in only three patients was the diagnosis uncertain and therefore the analysis helpful. Cell counts and types generally reflected known underlying diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis or osteoarthritis. Routine synovial fluid analysis does not contribute to diagnosis or management in established rheumatic disorders and should be performed only when the underlying cause is uncertain or in newly presenting patients. Major savings can be made by abandoning routine synovial fluid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pal
- Withington Hospital, South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, West Didsbury, UK
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Abstract
The Golgi complex is the site where the terminal carbohydrate modification of proteins and lipids occurs. These carbohydrates play a variety of biological roles, ranging from the stabilization of glycoprotein structure to the provision of ligands for cell-cell interactions to the regulation of cell surface properties. Progress in our understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of glycoconjugates has been accelerating at a rapid pace. Recent advances in the field of yeast glycobiology have been particularly impressive. This review focuses on glycosylation of proteins in the Golgi of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with emphasis on the candidate mannosyltransferases that participate in the synthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. Current views on how these enzymes may be regulated and how glycosylation relates on other cellular processes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
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Biljan MM, Mahutte NG, Dean N, Hemmings R, Bissonnette F, Tan SL. Effects of pretreatment with an oral contraceptive on the time required to achieve pituitary suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues and on subsequent implantation and pregnancy rates. Fertil Steril 1998; 70:1063-9. [PMID: 9848296 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of pretreatment with an oral contraceptive (OC) on ovarian cyst formation during pituitary suppression with buserelin acetate. DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Eighty-three patients who were undergoing IVF-ET treatment. INTERVENTION(S) Patients in the study group were pretreated with an OC for 14 days starting on the first day of menstruation. The administration of SC buserelin acetate was initiated on the last day of OC administration. Patients in the control group began to receive buserelin acetate on day 2 of menstruation. Hormonal assays and ultrasound scans were performed on the first day of menstruation, and 7, 11, and 14 days after the commencement of buserelin acetate administration. Thereafter, these tests were performed weekly until pituitary suppression was achieved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Incidence of cyst formation. RESULT(S) A cyst developed in 27 patients in the control group (52.9%) and no patients in the study group (odds ratio [OR]=115; 95% confidence interval [CI]=10-617). Patients in the study group achieved pituitary suppression faster (median difference [MD]=7 days; 95% CI=4-14) and required fewer ampules of gonadotropin (MD=10; 95% CI=6-14). They recruited more follicles (MD=3; 95% CI=0-5) and had higher pregnancy rates (37.2% versus 33.3%). CONCLUSION(S) Pretreatment with an OC abolishes ovarian cyst formation, shortens the time required to achieve pituitary suppression, and decreases gonadotropin requirements without having a negative effect on pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Biljan
- McGill Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Biljan MM, Mahutte NG, Dean N, Hemmings R, Bissonnette F, Tan SL. Pretreatment with an oral contraceptive is effective in reducing the incidence of functional ovarian cyst formation during pituitary suppression by gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues. J Assist Reprod Genet 1998; 15:599-604. [PMID: 9866068 PMCID: PMC3454854 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020381310860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to assess the effect of pretreatment with oral contraceptives (OCs) on the formation of functional ovarian cysts during pituitary suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, subsequent follicular development, and pregnancy rates. METHODS A retrospective case-controlled study of 31 in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients, all of whom in a previous cycle had commenced the long protocol of GnRH-agonist (Buserelin) in the early follicular phase and were pretreated in a subsequent cycle with 2 weeks of an OC containing 30 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 150 micrograms of desogestrel prior to GnRH-agonist administration, was undertaken. Follow-up visits were arranged after a minimum of 11 days of GnRH-agonist administration and weekly thereafter until pituitary suppression was achieved. RESULTS Cysts were detected in 16 (51.6%) of the 31 patients not pretreated with OCs, and in 0 (0%) of the 31 patients pretreated with OCs (odds ratio = 67.1; 95% confidence interval = 5.6-350.7). Patients pretreated with OCs achieved pituitary suppression more rapidly (median difference = 4 days; 95% confidence interval = 2-7) and had comparable gonadotropin requirements and pregnancy rates. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with OCs prior to pituitary suppression in the early follicular phase decreases ovarian cyst formation, without an apparent effect on subsequent follicular recruitment or pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Biljan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations/pathology
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Fatal Outcome
- Humans
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/pathology
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hamey
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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Hemmings R, Biljan MM, Dean N, Tan SL. An ectopic pregnancy masked by follicular initiation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for pituitary desensitization prior to in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 1998; 15:161-3. [PMID: 9547694 PMCID: PMC3454974 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023017123204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Hemmings
- McGill Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Bost F, McKay R, Dean N, Mercola D. The JUN kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathway is required for epidermal growth factor stimulation of growth of human A549 lung carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:33422-9. [PMID: 9407138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.52.33422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a major role in non-small cell lung cancer cell autocrine growth and has been reported to activate the JUN kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) pathway in model cells. Activation of JNK/SAPK leads to the phosphorylation of c-JUN protooncogene on serines 63 and 73. This mechanism is required for and cooperates in the transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts by Ha-RAS. However, the function of JNK/SAPK in human tumor growth is unknown. We have tested several lung carcinoma cell lines. All exhibited UV-C-inducible JNK/SAPK activity; two exhibited constitutive activity in low serum, and two (M103 and A549) exhibited EGF-inducible JNK/SAPK activity. In A549 cells, EGF induced a rapid and prolonged (up to 24 h) activation of the JNK/SAPK pathway that correlated with a 150-190% growth stimulation. Stably transfected clones of A549 cells expressing c-JUN(S63A,S73A), a transdominant inhibitor of c-JUN, completely blocked the EGF-stimulated proliferation effect but did not alter the basal proliferation rate. Consistent with these results JNK antisense oligonucleotides targeted to JNK1 and JNK2 entirely eliminated the EGF-stimulated JNK/SAPK activity and blocked EGF-stimulated growth but not basal growth. In contrast, specific inhibition of the RAF/ERK pathway by PD98059 (MEK1 inhibitor) completely blocked ERK activation by EGF and basal cell growth but not EGF-stimulated growth, thereby dissociating the growth-promoting roles of each pathway. Our observations indicate, for the first time, that JNK/SAPK may be a preferential effector pathway for the growth properties of EGF in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bost
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Dean N, Zhang YB, Poster JB. The VRG4 gene is required for GDP-mannose transport into the lumen of the Golgi in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:31908-14. [PMID: 9395539 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.50.31908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glycoproteins and sphingolipids are modified in the Golgi by the addition of mannose residues. The critical mannosyl donor for these reactions is the nucleotide sugar, GDP-mannose, whose transport into the Golgi from the cytoplasm is required for mannosylation. This transport reaction has been well characterized, but the nucleotide sugar transporter has yet to be identified in yeast. VRG4 is an essential gene whose product is required for a number of Golgi-specific functions, including glycosylation and the organization of the endomembrane system. Here, data are presented that demonstrate that the primary role of Vrg4p is in the transport of GDP-mannose into the Golgi. The vrg4 mutation causes a general impairment in mannosylation, affecting N-linked and O-linked glycoprotein modifications as well as the mannosylation of sphingolipids. By using an in vitro assay, vrg4 mutants were shown to be specifically defective in the transport of GDP-mannose into Golgi vesicles. The Vrg4 protein localizes to the Golgi complex in a pattern that suggests a wide distribution throughout the Golgi. Vrg4p displays homology to other putative nucleotide sugar transporters, suggesting that the VRG4 gene encodes a Golgi GDP-mannose transporter. As Vrg4p is essential, these results suggest that a complete lack of mannosylation of glycoproteins in the Golgi leads to inviability. Alternatively, the essential function of Vrg4p in yeast involves its effect on sphingolipids, which would imply a critical role for mannosylinositol phosphorylceramides or mannosyl diphosphoinositol ceramides on growth and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA.
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Biljan MM, Dean N, Hemmings R, Bissonnette F, Tan SL. Prospective randomized trial of the effect of two flushing media on oocyte collection and fertilization rates after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1997; 68:1132-4. [PMID: 9418711 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the value of heparinized saline as a flushing medium for oocyte recovery. DESIGN Prospective randomized study. SETTING Academic tertiary referral center for fertility treatment. PATIENT(S) Thirty-five patients, with both ovaries intact having IVF-ET. INTERVENTION(S) Patients were randomized either to have the follicles of the left or right ovary flushed with heparinized normal saline at the time of oocyte recovery for IVF-ET. The contralateral ovary was flushed with heparinized culture medium. Oocytes obtained from each side were cultured separately and assessed for fertilization 18-21 hours after insemination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Collection and fertilization rates. RESULT(S) A total of 481 follicles were aspirated yielding 366 oocytes. Of these, 240 fertilized. From the side flushed with saline 185 oocytes were collected from 237 follicles, which was not significantly different from 181 oocytes collected from 244 follicles on the side flushed with culture medium (odds ratio = 1.23; 95% confidence interval = 0.79-1.92). Similarly, there was no significant difference observed in fertilization rates between oocytes obtained after saline (median 71.4%) and culture medium flush (median 75.0%) (odds ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval = 0.68-1.72). CONCLUSION(S) Heparinized normal saline is an equally good but cheaper and more convenient medium than standard heparinized culture medium and could replace it for flushing follicles during oocyte recovery for IVF-ET procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Biljan
- McGill Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Abstract
Activation of 44 and 42 kDa extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 by angiotensin II (angII) plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function. The dual specificity mitogen-actived protein (MAP) kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) activates ERK1/2 in response to angII, but the MEK activating kinases remain undefined. Raf is a candidate MEK kinase. However, a kinase other than Raf appears responsible for angII-mediated signal transduction because we showed previously that treatment with 1 microM phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBU) for 24 h completely blocked Raf-Ras association in VSMC but did not inhibit activation of MEK and ERK1/2 by angII. We hypothesized that an atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoform, which lacks a phorbol ester binding domain, mediated ERK1/2 activation by angII. Western blot analysis of rat aortic VSMC with PKC isoform-specific antibodies showed PKC-alpha, -beta1, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta in relative abundance. All isoforms except PKC-zeta were down-regulated by 1 microM PDBU for 24 h suggesting that PKC-zeta was responsible for angII-mediated ERK1/2 activation. In response to angII, PKC-zeta associated with Ras as shown by co-precipitation of PKC-zeta with anti-H-Ras antibody. To characterize further the role of PKC-zeta, PKC-zeta protein was depleted specifically by transfection with antisense PKC-zeta oligonucleotides. Antisense PKC-zeta oligonucleotide treatment significantly decreased PKC-zeta protein expression (without effect on other PKC isoforms) and angII-mediated ERK1/2 activation in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, ERK1/2 activation by platelet-derived growth factor and phorbol ester was not significantly inhibited. These results demonstrate an important difference in signal transduction by angII compared with PDGF and phorbol ester in VSMC, and suggest a critical role for PKC-zeta and Ras in angII stimulation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Liao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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