1
|
Jawahar A, Dhinakar Raj G, Manoharan S, Pazhanivel N, Vijayarani K, Sarathchandra G. Application of vaginal tampon as an alternative to nasal swabs for higher recovery of DNA from sheep and goats for PCR based diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc 2023; 70:65-69. [PMID: 36740320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to find the applicability of vaginal tampons as an alternative to regular cotton swabs as a nasal secretion collection tool for the higher recovery of DNA. Nasal secretions were collected from sheep and goats using regular cotton swab and tampon swab. The mean yield and purity of the DNA extracted from tampon were significantly higher than that of the DNA extracted from cotton swab. The tampon swabs resulted higher DNA recovery than the cotton swabs after they were allowed to absorb M. bovis culture. The tampon swab was also found to be more sensitive in detecting M. bovis by PCR. This study concluded that vaginal tampons are having a higher absorption capacity with more DNA yield and can be used as a nasal swab in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jawahar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, India
| | - G Dhinakar Raj
- Centre for Animal Health Studies, TANUVAS, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, India.
| | - S Manoharan
- Vaccine Research Centre, Bacterial Vaccines, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, India
| | - N Pazhanivel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, India
| | - K Vijayarani
- Bioinformatics & ARIS Cell, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, India
| | - G Sarathchandra
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College Campus, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sandhya Bhavani M, Kavitha S, Nagarajan B, Pazhanivel N, Vairamuthu S, Bhat AA. An endoscopic and histopathological assessment and correlation of endoscopic score with clinical activity index (CIBDAI) in the diagnosis of canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Iran J Vet Res 2023; 24:58-64. [PMID: 37378386 PMCID: PMC10291522 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2022.40974.5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs is often characterized by a relapsing and remitting clinical course. Determination of inflammatory activity is important for assessing the disease extent, severity, and tailoring appropriate treatment. Aims The study was conducted to record the macroscopic and microscopic changes associated with IBD to assess the usefulness of endoscopy in the diagnosis of the disease and to correlate the clinical activity index (CIBDAI) with endoscopic score. Methods Thirty-three dogs with idiopathic IBD were selected after thorough examination and exclusion. Gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were performed to document the gross macroscopic intestinal lesions. Histopathology of endoscopic aided biopsy samples was used to confirm the disease. Results Mucosal erythema and increased friability were the most predominant endoscopic findings in the stomach, duodenum, and colon of IBD dogs. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was predominant in the mucosal samples on histopathology and diffuse form of IBD is more common in canines. Gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy in combination with endoscopically guided biopsy and histopathology are of value in the assessment and diagnosis of IBD. There was no correlation between the clinical inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI) with the endoscopic score. Conclusion A diffuse form of IBD and colitis is more common in dogs in comparison to human IBD where the disease manifests in two distinct forms. Colonoscopy with ileal biopsy could act as a gold standard in the confirmation of diffuse IBD in dogs. CIBDAI can be used as a reliable measure of clinical signs of inflammation and histopathology can be used as a definitive diagnosis of intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sandhya Bhavani
- Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai-7, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai-7, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Nagarajan
- Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai-7, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Pazhanivel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai-7, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vairamuthu
- Department of Centarlised Clinical Laboratory, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai-7, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. A Bhat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thanalakshmi J, Archana R, Senthilkumar S, Shakila R, Pazhanivel N, Subhashini S. Role of caloric vestibular stimulation in improvement of motor symptoms and inhibition of neuronal degeneration in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease - An experimental study. Physiol Int 2020; 107:390-405. [PMID: 33021954 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In order to explore a noninvasive treatment of PD, in the current study the authors evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) using the rotenone-induced rat model of PD. The rotenone models of PD are gaining attention due to high reproducibility. It is also considered to be an improved model to exhibit the pathogenesis of PD and test the neuroprotective effect of various therapeutic interventions. Materials and methods Rotenone was i.p. injected (3 mg/kg body weight) to male Wistar albino rats for 21 days to induce PD. As PD is chronic and progressive in nature, the efficacy of chronic CVS intervention was evaluated for 30 days after inducing PD in rats. Motor symptoms were evaluated by assessing locomotor activity in actophotometer, whereas movement analysis was done using Ludolph test and motor coordination was evaluated using rotarod apparatus. The neurochemical and neuropathological changes were also observed in the corpus striatum of rats. Results Rotenone administration showed decreased locomotor activity, motor coordination and general movement associated with significant (P < 0.05) reduction in dopamine content in the corpus striatum. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed a marked decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in striatal neurons indicating the significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN) following rotenone injection. However, chronic treatment with CVS restored the nerve terminals in the striatum from rotenone damage. CVS treatment improved the dopaminergic system function by restoring dopamine content in the striatum. CVS also improved the motor deformities clearly suggesting the neuroprotective function. Conclusion The results of the present study suggested CVS to be a safe and simple neuroprotective measure against neurodegenerative changes in PD and a promising noninvasive technique to overcome the motor symptoms associated with it. The findings could be useful for further investigations and clinical applications of CVS in the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Thanalakshmi
- 1Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College Hospital, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam,Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Archana
- 1Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College Hospital, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam,Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Senthilkumar
- 2Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Shakila
- 3Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute, Arumbakkam,Chennai, India
| | - N Pazhanivel
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai 602105, India
| | - S Subhashini
- 3Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute, Arumbakkam,Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pazhanivel N, Rajeswar J, Ramprabhu R, Manoharan S, Bala MA, Balachandran C, Kumanan K, Prathaban S, Saahithya R. Duck plague outbreak in a Chara-Chemballi duck farm. Iran J Vet Res 2019; 20:308-312. [PMID: 32042298 PMCID: PMC6983315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duck rearing is one of the important livelihoods of rural people. Duck plague is one of the diseases causing heavy mortality resulting in economic losses. CASE DESCRIPTION An outbreak of duck plague in a farm in Kadavakathi Village near Tenkasi, Tirunelveli Dt., is reported. FINDINGS/TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Two thousands out of 4500 Chara-Chemballi breed of ducks which were recently purchased from Chenganacherry in Kerala died, with a mortality rate of 44.4%. Clinical signs of inappetence, partial closure of eyelid, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, oculo-nasal discharge, soiled vent with green white watery diarrhoea, ataxia, incoordination and sudden death were observed. Necropsy examination revealed diphtheritic membrane in the oesophagus, congestion, petechial haemorrhages and multifocal gray white areas on the surface of the liver, epicardial haemorrhages, congested trachea, lung, kidneys, splenomegaly with mottled appearance and enteritis. Microscopical examination revealed presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in the epithelial cells of the intestine and hepatocytes, degeneration and necrosis of enterocytes, dilated crypt epithelial cells with presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions, congestion and lymphoid cell depletion in the spleen, vasculitis, congestion, and haemorrhages in the trachea and lungs, proventriculitis, and congested kidneys. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also confirmed the duck plague viral infection by the amplification of polymerase gene fragment (446 bp). CONCLUSION Based on the above findings, the Chara-Chemballi duck disease outbreak was diagnosed as duck viral enteritis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pazhanivel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli-627 358, India
| | - J. Rajeswar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli-627 358, India
| | - R. Ramprabhu
- Department of Clinics, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli-627 358, India
| | - S. Manoharan
- Vaccine Research Centre-Bacterial Vaccines, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-51, India
| | - M. A. Bala
- MSc in Biotechnology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, India
| | - C. Balachandran
- Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, India
| | - K. Kumanan
- Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 051, India
| | - S. Prathaban
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli-627 358, India
| | - R. Saahithya
- Graduated from Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Karuppannan AK, Ramesh A, Reddy YK, Ramesh S, Mahaprabhu R, Jaisree S, Roy P, Sridhar R, Pazhanivel N, Sakthivelan SM, Sreekumar C, Murugan M, Jaishankar S, Gopi H, Purushothaman V, Kumanan K, Babu M. Emergence of Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Reproductive Failure in Southern India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:314-20. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Karuppannan
- Centralized University Laboratory; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
- Vaccine Research Centre for Viral Vaccines; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - A. Ramesh
- Vaccine Research Centre for Viral Vaccines; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - Y. K. Reddy
- Vaccine Research Centre for Viral Vaccines; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - S. Ramesh
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory; Madras Veterinary College; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - R. Mahaprabhu
- Centralized University Laboratory; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - S. Jaisree
- Centralized University Laboratory; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - P. Roy
- Centralized University Laboratory; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Department of Pathology; Madras Veterinary College; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - N. Pazhanivel
- Department of Pathology; Madras Veterinary College; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - S. M. Sakthivelan
- Department of Pathology; Madras Veterinary College; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - C. Sreekumar
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - M. Murugan
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - S. Jaishankar
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - H. Gopi
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - V. Purushothaman
- Centre for Animal Health Studies; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - K. Kumanan
- Centre for Animal Production Studies; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - M. Babu
- Centre for Animal Production Studies; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saravanan S, Hairul Islam VI, Thirugnanasambantham K, Pazhanivel N, Raghuraman N, Gabriel Paulraj M, Ignacimuthu S. Swertiamarin ameliorates inflammation and osteoclastogenesis intermediates in IL-1β induced rat fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:451-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
8
|
Das D, Balachandran C, Pazhanivel N, George RS. Pilomatricoma in a dog. INDIAN J ANIM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.3.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
9
|
Balachandran C, Pazhanivel N, Baranidharan G, Jalantha P, Sridhar R. Cavernous haemangioma in a dog-A case report. INDIAN J ANIM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.3.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Anandhakumar C, Lavanya V, Pradheepa G, Tirumurugaan KG, Raj GD, Raja A, Pazhanivel N, Balachandran C. Expression profile of toll-like receptor 2 mRNA in selected tissues of shark (Chiloscyllium sp.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2012; 33:1174-1182. [PMID: 23017775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sharks are a species of delight for immunologists from the evolutionary perspective since it is considered as the first species to have evolved the adaptive immune responses in addition to the innate immune system. One of the components of the highly conserved innate immune system is the toll-like receptors (TLR) which has a conserved overall protein structure throughout deuterostome evolution. There is no report that demonstrates the expression of these receptors in sharks. In this study we successfully amplified a 270 bp amplicon using a degenerate primer design strategy that corresponded to the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain of TLR2 (GenBank ID: JF792813). BLAST analysis revealed a maximum nucleotide identity of 87% and 76% with the TLR2 of higher mammals and teleost fishes respectively. Domain prediction revealed a TIR structure between 1 and 87 amino acids that had a maximum identity of 58% and 76% with TLR2 - TIR protein of teleost fishes and higher mammals respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a closer clustering of the shark TIR sequence with those from human, cattle, goat, sheep and chicken than with other fish species. Basal expression levels of the TLR2-TIR mRNA were found to be significantly higher in kidneys followed by fins, spleen and intestinal spiral valve (ISV). In tissues such as spleen and kidney the expression of the TLR2-TIR mRNA could be localized to lymphoid and macrophages like cells and tubular epithelial cells respectively. In-vivo exposure of sharks to peptidoglycan (TLR 2 ligand) resulted in 9 folds higher expression of TLR2-TIR mRNA in gills followed by 5 folds in the fins. However, when inoculated with a TLR ligand pool, the expression levels significantly increased to 12 fold in skin followed by epigonal, kidneys and ISV. These findings not only support the presence of the TLRs in sharks but also their induction upon exposure to specific ligands. Further studies are needed to identify their numbers, their ligand specificity and downstream cytokine responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Anandhakumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Vepery High Road, Chennai 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|