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Difference in surgical outcomes of rectal cancer by study design: meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials, case-matched studies, and cohort studies. BJS Open 2021; 5:6173855. [PMID: 33724337 PMCID: PMC7962725 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RCTs are considered the standard in surgical research, whereas case-matched studies and propensity score matching studies are conducted as an alternative option. Both study designs have been used to investigate the potential superiority of robotic surgery over laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. However, no conclusion has been reached regarding whether there are differences in findings according to study design. This study aimed to examine similarities and differences in findings relating to robotic surgery for rectal cancer by study design. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL to identify RCTs, case-matched studies, and cohort studies that compared robotic versus laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Primary outcomes were incidence of postoperative overall complications, incidence of anastomotic leakage, and postoperative mortality. Meta-analyses were performed for each study design using a random-effects model. Results Fifty-nine articles were identified and reviewed. No differences were observed in incidence of anastomotic leakage, mortality, rate of positive circumferential resection margins, conversion rate, and duration of operation by study design. With respect to the incidence of postoperative overall complications and duration of hospital stay, the superiority of robotic surgery was most evident in cohort studies (risk ratio (RR) 0.83, 95 per cent c.i. 0.74 to 0.92, P < 0.001; mean difference (MD) –1.11 (95 per cent c.i. –1.86 to –0.36) days, P = 0.004; respectively), and least evident in RCTs (RR 1.12, 0.91 to 1.38, P = 0.27; MD –0.28 (–1.44 to 0.88) days, P = 0.64; respectively). Conclusion Results of case-matched studies were often similar to those of RCTs in terms of outcomes of robotic surgery for rectal cancer. However, case-matched studies occasionally overestimated the effects of interventions compared with RCTs.
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P251 Right ventricular free wall dissection clearly detected and recorded by echocardiography: a fatal complication after inferior myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An 81-year-old man was transferred to our institution by ambulance because of poor feeding, general fatigue and slight disorientation lasting for a week. On arrival, he was awake and able to speak, however, his blood pressure was low at 61/43 mmHg in spite of his medical history of hypertension. His ECG showed abnormal Q waves and ST elevation in II, III, aVF leads. The echo exam detected severe hypokinesis in the left ventricular inferior wall and reduced ejection fraction at 30%. Pericardial effusion was not observed in the first echo exam. The patient was diagnosed as cardiogenic shock due to recent inferior myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography was performed, which detected total occlusion of mid right coronary artery, followed by a successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug-eluting stent under the support of intra-aortic balloon pumping. Nevertheless, his blood pressure remained low and intravenous adrenaline administration was necessary during and even after PCI. To detect the cause of prolonged low blood pressure, echo was performed again immediately after PCI. The echo exam detected new findings: right ventricular posterior free wall was dissected and abnormal shunt flows were obviously observed from left ventricle to right atrium through the dissection cavity during systole. An urgent surgical repair was considered as the only option for his survival, however, his family did not accept it because the operation itself was too risky. On the next day of his admission, he passed away. Right ventricular free wall dissection is a very rare but fatal complication after inferior myocardial infarction, nevertheless, we could detect it by echocardiography with clearly recorded images.
Abstract P251 Figure.
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P1386 A change in left ventricular global longitudinal strain is a prognostic indicator in congestive heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purposes
We examined how changes in left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) were associated with prognosis in patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) after congestive heart failure (HF) admission.
Methods
We studied 123 consecutive patients (age 70 ± 15 years, 55% male) who had been hospitalized due to congestive HF with preserved LVEF (> 50%). The exclusion criteria were atrial fibrillation and inadequate echo image quality for strain analyses. The patients underwent speckle-tracking echocardiography and measurement of plasma NT-ProBNP levels on the same day at the time of hospital admission as well as in the stable condition after discharge. Differences in GLS, LVEF and NT-ProBNP (delta GLS, LVEF and NT-ProBNP ; 2nd – 1st measurements) were calculated. The study end points were all-cause mortality and cardiac events.
Results
Mean periods of echo performance after hospitalization were 2 ±1days (1st echo) and 240 ± 289 days (2nd echo), respectively. During the follow-up (974 ± 626 days), 12 patients died and 25 patients were hospitalized because of HF worsening. In multivariate analysis, delta GLS and follow-up GLS were prognostic factors, whereas baseline and follow-up LVEF, NT-ProBNP, changes in LVEF and NT-ProBNP could not predict cardiac events. Delta GLS (p = 0.002) turned out to be the best independent prognosticator. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that -0.6% of delta GLS was the optimal cut-off value to predict cardiac events and mortality (sensitivity 76%, specificity 67%, AUC 0.75). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with delta GLS more than -0.6% experienced significantly less cardiac events during the follow-up period (p < 0.0001, log-rank).
Conclusion
A change in LV GLS after congestive HF admission was a predictor of the prognosis in patients with preserved LVEF. It would be useful to check the changes in GLS in those with preserved LVEF after discharge.
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MON-PO405: Prolonging Factors of the Duration of Parenteral Nutrition in Patients Treated with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A Case of Severe Aortic Regurgitation Caused by Fissured Aortic Cusps Reconstructed with Autologous Pericardium. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Frequencies and expression levels of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) in various cancer types. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx653.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Electronic and crystal structures of 1,2,3-triazole-fused p-benzoquinone derivatives. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02167k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Crystal-to-crystal structural transformation of hydrogen-bonding molecular crystals of (imidazolium)(3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylate) through H2O adsorption–desorption. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce02519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal-to-crystal structural transformation was observed following H2O adsorption–desorption of hydrogen-bonding molecular crystals.
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Effects of Polysubstitution on Mesomorphic Properties: Methyl Derivatives of 4- Alkanoyloxy-4′-ethoxy- and 4-(4-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)-4′-ethoxyazobenzenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259208037286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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PCR detection and identification of oral streptococci in saliva samples using GTF genes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 48:195-9. [PMID: 15023429 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2003] [Accepted: 09/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral streptococci are major constituents of dental plaque, and their prevalence is implicated in various pathologies. Therefore, accurate identification of oral streptococci would be valuable for studies of cariogenic plaque and for diagnostic use in infective endocarditis. Many oral streptococci possess glucosyltransferase enzymes that synthesize glucan, which is an obligate component of dental plaque. We established a rapid and precise method to identify oral streptococci by PCR using the species-specific region from the glucosyltransferase gene. With the species-specific primers, Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis, S. oralis, and S. gordonii could be successfully distinguished. Further, we developed a simple method to extract the bacterial DNA from saliva. Using the resultant DNA as a template, the proposed PCR detection was performed. Their distribution was in accord with results of conventional biochemical tests. These findings indicate that the present PCR method is useful for the analysis of oral streptococci and can be successfully used in clinical applications to identify pathogenic bacteria associated with oral infectious disease and/or endocarditis.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We identified 19 patients with facial atopic eczema who failed to respond to tacrolimus (FK506) ointment, although tacrolimus ointment has shown excellent benefit for the treatment of recalcitrant facial erythema in most patients with atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVES We attempted to determine the efficacy of an original lotion formulation of tacrolimus for facial atopic dermatitis resistant to tacrolimus ointment. PATIENTS/METHODS Recalcitrant facial erythema of these 19 patients was treated with an original tacrolimus lotion preparation for 6 months. Patch testing with white petrolatum was performed in both the 19 patients and in 30 other atopic dermatitis patients who had experienced excellent results with tacrolimus ointment. RESULTS Of the 19 resistant patients, those whose symptoms were greatly or moderately improved by the lotion were 95%, 89% and 89% after 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months of treatment, respectively. Further, patch testing to petrolatum showed positive reactions in several (six of 19) patients, compared with none of 30 controls with atopic eczema that had responded to topical tacrolimus ointment. CONCLUSIONS The tacrolimus lotion had a significant effect on the recalcitrant facial erythema in adult patients with atopic dermatitis who were resistant to tacrolimus ointment. We suggest that one reason for the unresponsiveness to tacrolimus ointment may be because of contact sensitivity to white petrolatum.
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Efficient ex vivo generation of human dendritic cells from mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood progenitors. Int J Hematol 2001; 74:287-96. [PMID: 11721965 DOI: 10.1007/bf02982063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We tried to efficiently generate human dendritic cells (DCs) from CD34+ peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells mobilized by high-dose chemotherapy and subsequent administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, using a liquid suspension culture system. Among various combinations, the combination of c-kit ligand, flt-3 ligand, c-mpl ligand (TPO), and interleukin (IL)-4 most potently generated the number of CD1a+CD14- DCs in cultures containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The delayed addition of IL-4 on day 6 of culture gave rise to an additional increase in the yield of CD1a+CD14-DCs that were characterized by the expression of HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and CD83. The majority of the sorted CD1a-CD14+ cells derived from 6-day culture of CD34+ cells gave rise to CD1a+CD14- DCs and CD1a-CD14+ macrophages on day 12 of culture in the presence and absence of IL-4, respectively. These findings suggest that IL-4 promotes the differentiation of CD1a- CD14+ cells derived from mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors to CD1a+ CD14- DCs. The majority of these DCs expressed CD68 but not the Langerhans-associated granule antigen, a finding that suggests they emerge through the monocyte differentiation pathway. The addition of TPO and IL-4 to cultures did not affect the potential of DCs to stimulate the primary allogeneic T-cell response. These findings demonstrated that the combination of c-kit ligand plus flt-3 ligand plus TPO with GM-CSF plus TNF-alpha, followed by IL-4, is useful for ex vivo generation of human DCs from mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood progenitors.
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Efficient ex vivo generation of dendritic cells from CD14+ blood monocytes in the presence of human serum albumin for use in clinical vaccine trials. Br J Haematol 2001; 114:681-9. [PMID: 11552998 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) with the potential to induce anti-tumour immunity represent one of the promising candidates for cancer vaccines. Efficiency of ex vivo DC generation depends on culture conditions, especially protein components in the plasma or serum used. Using human serum albumin (HSA), we devised a constant and reproducible culture method for DC generation from peripheral blood CD14+ cells. The number of DC obtained with 2% HSA-supplemented cultures containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4 were consistently higher than in cultures with various concentrations of autologous plasma or serum. The concentrations and time points tested for plasma or serum considerably affected the number of DC recovered. DC prepared with HSA acquired the ability to uptake dextran, and expressed high levels of major histocompatibility (MHC) and co-stimulatory molecules similar to DC cultured with autologous plasma or serum. Although DC cultured with autologous plasma or serum consisted of CD1a+ and CD1a- populations, DC differentiated in the presence of HSA expressed CD1a. DC obtained with HSA primed and induced immunogenic peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a tumour rejection antigen, HER2. These findings suggest that our method for preparation of DC with HSA should prove valuable in DC generation for immunotherapy.
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Abstract
We report two patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the small intestine that expressed c-kit protein (CD117). One was a 68-year-old woman with epigastralgia and vomiting. A submucosal tumor of the upper jejunum was detected, and partial resection was carried out. The histology revealed a GIST negative for CD34 but positive for CD117. The other was a 42-year-old woman with progressive anemia, melena and lower abdominal pain. Intussusception was detected, and a partial resection was carried out. A submucosal tumor of the lower jejunum was noted. The histology revealed a GIST positive for both CD34 and CD117.
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Bactericidal activity of catechin-copper (II) complexes against Staphylococcus aureus compared with Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2000; 31:213-7. [PMID: 10972731 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The bactericidal activity of catechin-copper (II) complexes against Staphylococcus aureus compared with Escherichia coli was investigated in relation to the generation of hydrogen peroxide and the binding of Cu(II) ion onto the bacteria. The bactericidal activity of catechin-Cu(II) complexes against Staph. aureus (Gram-positive) was much lower than that against E. coli (Gram-negative), suggesting that the binding of copper ions to the surface of bacterial cells plays an important role in the bactericidal activity of catechin-Cu(II) complexes.
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Long-term efficacy of tacrolimus ointment for recalcitrant facial erythema resistant to topical corticosteroids in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 2000; 136:1062-3. [PMID: 10926750 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.136.8.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Factors that affect absorption behavior of cyclosporin a in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats. Ren Fail 2000; 22:181-94. [PMID: 10803762 DOI: 10.1081/jdi-100100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors that affect the absorption of cyclosporin A (CsA) were examined in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure (ARF) rats. In ARF rats, the area under the blood CsA concentration-time curve after oral administration was significantly decreased in comparison with that of control rats; 5.81 +/- 0.55 vs 11.30 +/- 1.59 mg h mL(-1)(mean+/-s.e.m.), respectively, and the relative bioavailabilities in ARF and control rats after oral administration were 15.2% and 43.4%, respectively. The flow rate of bile and the amount of bile acids in ARF rats were markedly decreased to about 61% of control, and 41% of control, respectively. The amount of CsA uptaken into the evened sac of jejunum, transferred to serosal side, and metabolized in tissues was significantly decreased in ARF rats without verapamil, while with 0.3 mM verapamil, the amount in ARF rats recovered to the levels of control rats. The absorption clearance of CsA in ARF rats was significantly decreased, however it was significantly improved by adding bile or bile acid. Adenosine triphosphate released from enterocytes in ARF rats was significantly decreased in the presence of 2.0 microM CsA, 0.3 mM verapamil, or both, in comparison with control rats. From these findings, we concluded that a reduction of CsA bioavailability during ARF is caused by depression in bile excretion and renal function-dependent depression of uptake from intestinal tract via maybe P-gLycoprotein in enterocytes. They are main two factors that reduce the absorbed fraction of CsA in ARF rats.
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Adsorption and pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in relation to mode of infusion in bone marrow transplant patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:633-8. [PMID: 10734297 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two main factors that affect the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A (CsA) during 24-h durable intravenous (DIV) administration have been reported, namely physiological changes after bone marrow transplantation, and blood sampling through indwelling lines. In addition, it has been found that infusion sets made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) markedly adsorb CsA. We conducted in vitro adsorption studies of CsA on infusion sets, and the administration routes that are used in the treatment of patients with bone marrow transplantation. We also examined the effects of administration route on CsA pharmacokinetics in clinical practice. The in vitro adsorption study using 30-mm segments of lumen from commercially available infusion sets showed that the degree of CsA adsorption per area of lumen made of PVC was significantly higher than that in those made of polyethylene (PE) or polybutadiene (PB), which showed no adsorption of CsA. Due to its adsorption, use of infusion sets made of PVC resulted in about a 40-50% loss of CsA dose, which affected the pharmacokinetic parameters during 24-h DIV, while those made of PE and PB did not. The use of non-PVC infusion sets should allow for accurate monitoring of CsA results, and provide cost benefit in the treatment of bone marrow transplantation.
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Abstract
In the presence of a nonlethal concentration of Cu(II), washed Escherichia coli ATCC11775 cells were killed by (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epicatechin (EC). Cell killing was accompanied by a depletion in both the ATP and potassium pools of the cells, but the DNA double strand was not broken, indicating that the bactericidal activity of catechins in the presence of Cu(II) results from damage to the cytoplasmic membrane. Induction of endogenous catalase in E. coli cells increased their resistance to being killed by the combination of catechins and Cu(II). In all cases studied, EGC and EC with Cu(II) were found to generate hydrogen peroxide, but its concentration was too low to account for the bactericidal activity. The bactericidal activity of EGC in the presence of Cu(II) was completely suppressed by ethylenediaminetetraacetate, bathocuproine, catalase, superoxide disumutase (SOD), heated catalase, and heated SOD, but not by dimethyl sulfoxide. When catalase, either heated or unheated, was added to the cells incubated with EGC in the presence of Cu(II), it completely inhibited further killing of the cells. These findings suggest that recycling redox reactions between Cu(II) and Cu(I), involving catechins and hydrogen peroxide on the cell surface, must be important in the mechanism of the killing.
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DNA cleavage activities of (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate with various kinds of metal ions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1999; 63:1654-6. [PMID: 10610127 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The DNA cleavage activities of (+)-catechin (C), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) were examined with 16 different metal ions. Cu(2+) with all the catechins facilitated DNA cleavage, while Ag+ with EGC and EC showed a strong repressive effect. The other metal ions examined showed little effect.
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Influence of glycerol-induced acute renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51:397-404. [PMID: 10385211 DOI: 10.1211/0022357991772592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely believed that renal dysfunction has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin, many clinical reports suggest that renal dysfunction after renal transplantation is closely related to the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin. To clarify the relationship between renal dysfunction and the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin, we examined the influence of acute renal failure (ARF) on its pharmacokinetics in glycerol-induced ARF rats. The values of indicators of renal function (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen), but not those of indicators of hepatic function, were significantly increased in ARF rats that received glycerol compared with values for control rats. The area under the blood cyclosporin concentration-time curve after oral administration (AUCpo) were 4.976+/-0.847 mghL(-1) for ARF rats and 9.684+/-1.100 mghL(-1) for control rats; AUCpo in ARF was significantly reduced in a manner dependent on renal function. The oral clearance of cyclosporin in ARF and control rats was 1.172+/-0.207 and 0.544+/-0.062Lh(-1) kg(-1), respectively, whereas total body clearance in ARF and control rats was 0.151+/-0.008 and 0.183+/-0.010Lh(-1)kg(-1), respectively. The relative bioavailability of cyclosporin in ARF and control rats was 0.118 and 0.336, respectively. In an in-vitro study using everted sac and liver-slice methods, the apparent first-order rate constants for cyclosporin uptake (k(uptake)) and metabolism (k(metab)) in gut tissues were reduced, whereas k(uptake) and k(metab) in liver were increased. Gastric emptying, measured by use of paracetamol, was significantly reduced in ARF rats. These results suggest that glycerol-induced ARF results in several changes in the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin in rats. From these results, we conclude that reduction of the absorbed fraction of cyclosporin strongly contributes to the decrease in AUCpo in the presence of ARF.
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Bactericidal activity of catechin-copper (II) complexes on Escherichia coli ATCC11775 in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Lett Appl Microbiol 1998; 27:328-30. [PMID: 9871350 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Washed Escherichia coli ATCC11775 cells were killed by (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) in the presence of a non-lethal concentration of Cu2+ (1 mumol l-1) without additional H2O2, but not by (-)-epicatechin (EC). EGC alone (< 0.1 mmol l-1) did not reduce the viability of the cells. The survival curve obtained in the presence of EGC and Cu2+ was similar to that obtained in the presence of (-)-adrenaline (EN) and Cu2+.
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Correlation between plasma glucocorticoids and clinical outcomes in living-related renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3053-6. [PMID: 9838346 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effect of obesity on cyclosporine trough concentrations in psoriasis patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1998; 55:1598-602. [PMID: 9706187 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/55.15.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Skin sensitization and photosensitization studies of hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in guinea pigs. J Toxicol Sci 1998; 23 Suppl 3:553-60. [PMID: 9760412 DOI: 10.2131/jts.23.supplementiii_553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Skin sensitization and photosensitization tests of hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HM-HPMC), a new cellulose derivative used as a thickener for topical pharmaceuticals, were conducted using guinea pigs. An aqueous dispersion of HM-HPMC (3 w/v %) was applied in the tests. Skin reaction was not observed in any animal in the HM-HPMC-treated group or control group. In the photosensitization test, no skin reaction was found in any animal in the test-preparation group or the control group. It was concluded that HM-HPMC dispersion does not exhibit skin sensitizing or photosensitizing activity under the condition of this test.
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Relationship between area under the concentration versus time curve of cyclosporin A, creatinine clearance, hematocrit value, and other clinical factors in Japanese renal transplant patients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 36:202-9. [PMID: 9587046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of cyclosporin A (CsA) and several other clinical factors, because the clinical utility of AUC monitoring has been ambiguous. Fifty-four clinical time courses from 14 Japanese renal transplant patients during hospitalization, in the period from April 1990 to March 1997, were examined. In a bivariate regression analysis there was no correlation between the AUC and the daily dose of CsA (mg/kg/day) when the individual data or total series data were analyzed. In a chi-square test, the donor type of kidney (chi(2) = 25.254, df = 1, p = 0.0000) and renal function-related episodes, i.e. acute tubular necrosis, hemodialysis, hypertension, nephrotoxicity, or rejection (chi(2) = 13.982, df = 1, p = 0.0002) directly affected posttransplant renal function assessed by creatinine clearance, while episodes of hepatic function as assessed by the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity level had no correlation with the posttransplant renal function evaluated according to creatinine clearance. In contrast, the renal function-related episodes significantly affected the AUC after renal transplantation (chi(2) = 4.934, df = 1, p = 0.0263), while hepatic function assessed by GPT did not. In a multivariate analysis, the creatinine clearance and obesity had significant positive correlations with the AUC, whereas the hematocrit had a significant negative correlation with the AUC. From these observations, we concluded that the dosage adjustment of CsA cannot be performed using the linear relationship between the daily oral dose and the AUC, and that renal function, obesity, and the CsA blood distribution properties affect the CsA pharmacokinetics after renal transplantation. Posttransplant renal function as well as obesity and CsA blood distribution properties are important factors to be considered when therapeutic monitoring is performed.
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Simultaneous determination of glucocorticoids in plasma or urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn fluorimetric derivatization by 9-anthroyl nitrile. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 706:191-9. [PMID: 9551805 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new method for simultaneous determination of glucocorticoids (GCs) in plasma or urine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorimetric detection has been developed. Following extraction with ethyl acetate using a reversed-phase disposable cartridge, the six GCs [cortisol (F), cortisone (E), prednisolone (PL), prednisone (PN), 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF) and 6beta-hydroxyprednisolone (6beta-OHP)] and an internal standard (6beta-hydroxycotortisone) were derivatized by treatment with 9-anthroyl nitrile (9-AN) in a mixture of basic catalysts (triethylamine and quinuclidine) to give the fluorescent esters through the 21-hydroxyl group. The GC derivatives so obtained were then cleaned by a straight-phase disposable cartridge and chromatographed on a straight-phase column with an isocratic HPLC technique. The fluorescence derivatives of the GCs, including the internal standard, were separated as clear single peaks and no interfering peaks were observed on the chromatograms. The lower limits of detection for F, E, PL and PN in plasma or urine were 0.1 ng/ml and those for 6beta-OHF and 6beta-OHP in plasma or urine were 0.5 ng/ml, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The analytical recovery of known amounts of the GCs added to plasma or urine were almost 100%. This method can be applied to the determination of plasma or urinary F in renal transplant patients who received PL and can be applied for other metabolic investigations in relation to the change in blood pressure via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase or in hepatic metabolizing via CYP3A4.
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A predictive model for area under the concentration versus time curve of cyclosporin A using several routine monitoring results in renal transplant patients. Biol Pharm Bull 1997; 20:897-903. [PMID: 9300138 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.20.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We created a predictive model for the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of cyclosporin A (CsA) using routine monitoring results, and examined its clinical utility. Based on 48 clinical time courses accumulated from renal transplant patients, the AUC predictive model was created. An estimate of the AUC0-8 (integrated from time zero to 8 h) was then given as follows: AUC0-8 = 5673.1 x log(TL) + 9342.8 x log(OB) + 64.1 x Dprd x 869.4 x DTK - 168.9 x HCT - 161.2 x SCr - 11.3 x GPT + 3.0 x PL - 588.6 x SEX - 24794.5. In this model, the AUC0-8(ng.h/ml) is given as a function of the CsA through levels (TL, ng/ml), obesity (OB, %), daily dose of prednisolone (Dprd, mg/d), donor type of kidney (DTK), hematocrit (HCT, %), serum creatinine (SCr, mg/dl), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity (GPT, IU/l), plasma lipids (PL, mg/dl) and sex distinction (SEX). The Statistical significance of the multiple regression was p < 0.00001 (R2 = 0.862, n = 48), and the day after transplantation, neither the administered oral dose of CsA, or the patient's age had any contribution to the regression. The predictive performance of this model was almost equal to that of the existing method which used 3-point data on the concentration versus time curve. In clinical adaptation for renal transplant patients, the steady-state concentration of CsA (Css) based on the AUC0-8 predictive model was significantly decreased during acute gastroenteritis or before acute rejection, whereas nephrotoxicity was increased, even though CsA trough levels were within a normal therapeutic range (100-200 ng/ml). These findings suggest that the created AUC0-8 predictive model using routine monitoring results, i.e., the trough level of CsA, biochemical tests, a daily dose of predorinsolone (PRD), and basic patient information, is convenient as a monitoring device for CsA therapy, and is satisfactory in clinical practice.
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Relationship between erythrocyte-to-plasma distribution ratio of cyclosporin and lymphocyte proliferation in renal transplant patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 51:455-9. [PMID: 9112059 DOI: 10.1007/s002280050230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between erythrocyte-to-plasma distribution ratio of cyclosporin (CsA-EP) and lymphocyte proliferation as an indicator of immunosuppressive activity in renal transplant patients. METHODS A total of 113 whole blood samples obtained from 6 inpatients with renal transplantation were analysed. CsA concentrations in blood and plasma at trough were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay using monoclonal antibody, lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohaemagglutinin was evaluated by the fluorimetric derivatization method using ethidium bromide and the stimulation index (SI) was calculated. RESULTS There was no correlation between CsA dose and trough levels (vs blood CsA, r2 = 0.052; vs plasma CsA, r2 = 0.054, n = 113). A significant negative correlation between the SI and the CsA-EP was found in individual or all samples (r2 = 0.224, p < 0.0001, n = 113), whereas CsA trough levels in blood or plasma had no correlation with the SI. CONCLUSION Although the degree of contribution of CsA-EP to the SI was 22%, the CsA-EP is a more useful predictor of changes in immunosuppressive response than CsA concentration in blood or plasma. The adoption of the CsA-EP as a monitoring index could be helpful in assessing the appropriateness of CsA immunosuppressive therapy.
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Erythrocyte-to-plasma distribution ratio of cyclosporine: a useful indicator to predict cyclosporine pharmacokinetics and physiological changes during cyclosporine monitoring. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:1313-5. [PMID: 8658674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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A nomogram for predicting optimal dosage of cyclosporine in renal transplant patients: taking physiological factors into consideration for regimen during immunosuppressive therapy. Biol Pharm Bull 1995; 18:1423-9. [PMID: 8593449 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a nomogram for determining the optimal regimen of cyclosporine (CyA), based on physiological changes that occur during immunosuppressive therapy. The nomogram consists of a fixed model and a variable model. In the fixed model, the oral dose of CyA (D, mg/kg) is given by the multiple linear function of logarithmic CyA trough level (TL, ng/ml), the surrogate apparent total body clearance of CyA (CL/fsu, l/h/kg, being equal to D/TL/12), and the erythrocyte-to-plasma distribution ratio of CyA (CyA-EP), as defined by: D = 4.938 x log(TL) + 1.5037 x CL/fsu - 0.0326 x CyA-EP - 10.7156. In the variable model, the CL/fsu is given by the CyA-EP and the patient's intrinsic parameters (P1, P2), using a nonlinear equation: CL/fsu = P1 x exp(P2 x CyA-EP)/CyA-EP. An optimal CyA dose to maintain a desired trough level was calculated, and the validity of the nomogram was found satisfactory for clinical use. This offers a very concise and practical method for the therapeutic monitoring of CyA. Because the pharmacokinetics of CyA depends on physiological changes due to several disease states, and because the CyA-EP reflects the pharmacokinetics of CyA and the patient's disease state, the proposed nomogram is believed to provide an optimal dosage adjustment, taking physiological factors into consideration.
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New screening system for simultaneous determination of two marker proteins by homogeneous enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Pathol 1992; 45:213-6. [PMID: 1372918 PMCID: PMC495473 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.45.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To save time and labour in mass screening, by detecting two marker proteins on one specimen using only one test. METHODS alpha Fetoprotein and ferritin were chosen to demonstrate the principal of this system. The assay reagents were horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labelled anti-alpha fetoprotein and HRP-labelled anti-ferritin antibodies. After the serum sample had been incubated with these reagents the substrate for HRP was added and the absorbance measured. An absorbance value below the cutoff point indicated that both parameters were within normal limits; a value above the cutoff point indicated that at least one of the two parameters was abnormally high. RESULTS Fifty sera from healthy Japanese subjects were assayed by the simultaneous assay method. All samples gave absorbancy values below the cutoff point. Fifty serum samples from patients with high alpha fetoprotein concentrations (over 20 ng/ml) and 50 samples with high ferritin concentrations (over 200 ng/ml) were also assayed. The absorbancy values of all samples with high alpha fetoprotein concentrations, and all but one sample with high ferritin concentrations gave values above the cutoff point. CONCLUSIONS Although this homogeneous enzyme assay method was applied to the combination of alpha fetoprotein and ferritin, it could be used in mass screening for any other combination of two markers.
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Cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer and the hepatoduodenal branch of the vagus nerve. GASTROENTEROLOGIA JAPONICA 1990; 25:314-9. [PMID: 1972686 DOI: 10.1007/bf02779444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of the autonomic nervous system in gastric acid secretion, somatostatin concentration and PAS-positive mucus production in Brunner's glands in cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer. Vagotomized rats were used. No ulcers occurred in the groups with vagotomies of the hepatoduodenal, truncal or gastric branches after cysteamine administration. However, in the hepatoduodenal branch vagotomized group, there was an increase in gastric acid secretion after cysteamine administration. A similar increase was observed in the control group, but the decreases in somatostatin concentration and PAS-positive mucus seen in the control group were not found in the hepatoduodenal vagotomized group. These results suggest that the hepatoduodenal branch of the vagus nerve might play an important role in the ulcerogenic process of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer.
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Diabetic state-induced activation of calcium-activated neutral proteinase in mouse skeletal muscle. ENDOCRINOLOGIA JAPONICA 1989; 36:833-44. [PMID: 2561275 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj1954.36.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a diabetic state in the diabetic KK-CAy mouse on calcium activated neutral proteinase (CANP) of hind-limb skeletal muscles was investigated. In the diabetic state, there was an increased sensitivity to activation of CANP by calcium (Ca). In addition, there was an enhancement of maximal activity of the enzyme. The effect was induced by secondary modification of the diabetic state, but not genetical factors. Several lines of evidence suggest that the CANP is responsible for 92 K dalton protein in diabetic skeletal muscles. Among the evidence are the following: a) The 92 K band in the diabetic muscles was lower than in the prediabetic mouse and restored by the addition of 2 mM EDTA and 2 mM EGTA. b) The band was reduced by increasing the Ca content and neutral pH in the non-diabetic normal muscles. c) E-64-C, a CANP inhibitor, restored the 92 K component reduced by the diabetic state. Since the band in denervated muscles was not changed by the Ca chelating agents, the reduction of the band in the diabetic muscles is related with musculotrophic factors, not diabetic neuropathy. These results suggest that diabetic amyotrophy may be regarded as a phenomenon linked to an increase in intracellular Ca ions and an increase in CANP activity.
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Ozagrel hydrochloride monohydrate, a thromboxane synthase inhibitor, and its metabolites as inhibitors of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1989; 37:3351-4. [PMID: 2632083 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.37.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The change in the hepatic oxidative drug-metabolizing capacity in humans treated with ozagrel hydrochloride monohydrate (OZA), an imidazole derivative and a new thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor, was studied and the inhibitory potencies of the metabolites of OZA (M-1 and M-2) on the mouse hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system in vitro were compared with that of OZA. In vitro, M-1 and M-2, which are the beta-oxidized form and the reduced form of OZA, respectively, inhibited aminopyrine N-demethylation, aniline hydroxylation and testosterone hydroxylations in mouse hepatic microsomes and produced type II difference spectra in the same manner as OZA. The kinetic data indicated that the inhibitory potencies and the affinities of these compounds for cytochrome P-450 were decreased in the order of M-2 greater than OZA greater than M-1. The ratio of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol (6 beta-OHF) to cortisol (F) in urine, used as an indicator of oxidative drug-metabolizing capacity in humans, did not change significantly during oral treatment with 400 mg/d of OZA, while the ratio decreased to 80-85% of the original level during treatment with 800 mg/d of OZA. Although the participation of the metabolites of OZA in the reduction of drug-metabolizing capacity in vivo is not yet clear, the results suggest that hepatic oxidative drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in humans are inhibited by treatment with a relatively high dose of OZA.
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[Manual for pre- and postoperative patient care. Cataract]. [KANGO GIJUTSU] : [NURSING TECHNIQUE] 1989; 35:230-3. [PMID: 2927003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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39
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Protein C in human plasma determined by homogeneous enzyme immunoassay with use of a centrifugal analyzer. Clin Chem 1988; 34:1834-8. [PMID: 3046778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe the simple and rapid enzyme immunoassay of protein C in human plasma with use of a Cobas Fara centrifugal analyzer. The antibody, labeled with horseradish peroxidase, is reacted with antigen (protein C) for 15 min. The peroxidase activity of the resulting antigen-antibody conjugate is measured at 500 nm for 5 min in the presence of excess H2O2, phenol, and 4-aminoantipyrine, as compared with that of free conjugates. Results are calculated from a stored standard curve and expressed as a percentage of the value determined for a pooled specimen of normal adult plasma. The standard curve is linear from 0% to 200%. The CV is generally less than 4% for different concentrations of protein C. In liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, therapy with warfarin, thrombosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, protein C concentrations are about 40-70% of normal. Results obtained with the present homogeneous enzyme immunoassay correlated well with those by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (r = 0.97).
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40
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[Rapid determination of plasma protein C by homogeneous enzyme immunoassay method]. RINSHO BYORI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 1988; 36:1085-9. [PMID: 3073233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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41
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Protein C in human plasma determined by homogeneous enzyme immunoassay with use of a centrifugal analyzer. Clin Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/34.9.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe the simple and rapid enzyme immunoassay of protein C in human plasma with use of a Cobas Fara centrifugal analyzer. The antibody, labeled with horseradish peroxidase, is reacted with antigen (protein C) for 15 min. The peroxidase activity of the resulting antigen-antibody conjugate is measured at 500 nm for 5 min in the presence of excess H2O2, phenol, and 4-aminoantipyrine, as compared with that of free conjugates. Results are calculated from a stored standard curve and expressed as a percentage of the value determined for a pooled specimen of normal adult plasma. The standard curve is linear from 0% to 200%. The CV is generally less than 4% for different concentrations of protein C. In liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, therapy with warfarin, thrombosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, protein C concentrations are about 40-70% of normal. Results obtained with the present homogeneous enzyme immunoassay correlated well with those by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (r = 0.97).
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Diabetic state-induced modifications of succinylcholine binding mode in the microsomal fractions of mouse skeletal muscles. Life Sci 1988; 42:1029-36. [PMID: 3343894 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal muscles of alloxan-induced diabetic mice and genetically diabetic KK-CAY mice are hypersensitive to a depolarizing blocker, succinylcholine (SuCh) but not to the competitive antagonist, d-tubocurarine (d-TC). The mechanism by which the action of the depolarizing blocker is modified in the diabetic state was investigated on the binding of 14C-SuCh to the microsomal fraction isolated from mouse skeletal muscles. The Scatchard plot of microsomal preparations from normal ddY mice showed positive cooperativity in SuCh binding, whereas that of the preparations from alloxan-induced diabetic mice as well as genetically diabetic KK-CAY mice lost the positive cooperative interactions. The dissociation constant (Kd) of high affinity site in diabetic muscles was significantly lower than that in non-diabetic ddY muscle. The microsomal fractions from denervated muscles of normal ddY mice maintained weakly positive cooperativity in SuCh binding, and the affinity of SuCh binding in denervated muscles was lower than that of non-denervated muscles. In conclusion, the diabetic state selectively altered the SuCh binding mode. This alteration seems to be closely correlated with the pharmacological hypersensitivity to SuCh.
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The effect of polymerization of horseradish peroxidase on the peroxidase activity in the presence of excess H2O2: a background for a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay. J Biochem 1987; 102:785-91. [PMID: 3325503 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenol oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is slowed down by the presence of excess H2O2. This inhibition is due to accumulation of Compound III, which is a catalytically sluggish form of HRP. When HRP is polymerized through covalent bonds, Compound III becomes unstable and the peroxidase activity is less sensitive to excess H2O2. Under suitable experimental conditions, the phenol oxidation is increased by about 20-fold upon polymerization of the enzyme. This fact represents the principle of a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay reported by Hoshino et al. (J. Biochem. 97, 113-118 (1985)). The ratio of the peroxidase activities of monomeric and polymerized HRPs is 1 : 4 when phenol is replaced by resorcinol, and the difference is no larger when guaiacol and catechol are used as electron donors.
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[Human engineering study of working hours in nursing: for better working patterns. 8. A comparison of three-(8 hours) and two-shift systems]. KANGO TENBO. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF NURSING SCIENCE 1987; 12:916-21. [PMID: 3650644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Twenty laying hens, 238 days of age, were divided into four groups which received daily intramuscular injections of L-thyroxine (T4) (0, 20, 100, or 500 micrograms/kg body weight per day) for 4 weeks. There was no change in body weight or egg production rate of the control (0 microgram T4) or of 20 and 100-micrograms T4 groups over time. Body weight and egg production of the 500 micrograms T4 group decreased markedly and molting started 10 days after T4 injection. Circulating iodothyronine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) of the 500-micrograms T4 group increased markedly (30 to 150 times those of the control group) whereas serum luteinizing hormone and progesterone declined after one week and estradiol after two weeks. We concluded that a large dose of T4 (500 micrograms T4/kg, body weight per day) induced an increase in circulating iodothyronine levels, decreased secretion of gonadotropin and sex steroid hormones, and induced molting.
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[Human engineering study of nursing shifts. 1. Interrelationship between seasonal temperature and humidity changes and fatigue indices]. KANGO TENBO. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF NURSING SCIENCE 1987; 12:70-7. [PMID: 3645195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Various meals being currently consumed by urban Japanese were determined for iodine. The meal samples were collected in 1982 and 1984. The habitual daily home meals of 4 middle-aged Japanese living in urban areas contained 45-1,921 micrograms (mean; 362, 361, 429 and 1,023 micrograms, respectively) of iodine per day. The regular meals served in two university hospitals contained 95-287 micrograms (mean; 195 micrograms) and 89-4,746 micrograms (mean; 1,290 micrograms) of iodine per day, respectively, and the diets for diabetes mellitus contained 59-144 micrograms (mean; 96 micrograms) of iodine per day. In the daily meals containing iodine exceeding ca. 300 micrograms, some kinds of seaweeds and, in some cases, several foods containing a red food color with low iodine bioavailability, erythrosine, provided a large portion of iodine. The iodine contents of refectory meals in a university were 47-203 micrograms (mean; 113 micrograms) per meal and those of lunches in two elementary schools were 25-31 micrograms (mean; 27 micrograms) and 18-43 micrograms (mean; 36 micrograms) per lunch, respectively. These results suggest that the current daily iodine intake of urban Japanese is not great and that erythrosine elevates the iodine content of meals.
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Abstract
The effects of the feeding of high-iodine eggs to rats with an abnormal thyroid status were investigated. Rats were fed for one week on a commercial diet supplemented with propylthiouracil (PTU) (10 mg/100 g diet) or thyroxine-Na (240 micrograms/100 g diet) respectively, to induce hypo- or hyperthyroidism, and then further fed for 4 weeks on the respective drug-supplemented diets, containing 1% (w/w) of either ordinary or high-iodine egg powder. Control (euthyroid) rats were maintained on the commercial diet. The induction of a hypothyroid state resulted in thyroid hyperplasia, with decreased thyroid iodine content, altered serum thyroid relating hormone levels (increased TSH and decreased T3 and T4), elevated serum total cholesterol and reduced serum triacylglycerol (TG) levels, and also increased muscle and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities. In contrast, in the hyperthyroid animals, thyroid atrophy, as well as decreased serum TSH and increased T3 and T4 levels, was associated with reduced serum total cholesterol level and muscle LPL activity. There were no essential differences between animals given high-iodine and ordinary eggs in either hypo- or hyperthyroid state, although the effects of PTU treatment on the thyroid and serum TG level appeared to be slightly lesser in rats given high-iodine eggs than in those given ordinary eggs. It is concluded that high-iodine eggs did not have any side-effect on either hypo- or hyperthyroid rat in this study.
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Effects of the long-term (17-19 months) feeding of high-iodine eggs on lipid metabolism and thyroid function in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1985; 31:339-53. [PMID: 4067667 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.31.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present paper describes the effects of long-term (17-19 months) feeding of high-iodine eggs on lipid metabolism and thyroid function of rats, and also the effects of inorganic iodine on lipid metabolism. Rats were meal-fed on a diet containing 1% (w/w) of ordinary egg powder (OE diet as control: 35 micrograms I/100 g) or high-iodine egg powder (IE diet: 392 micrograms I/100 g). After the 19-month dietary treatment, rats fed on the IE diet, compared with the controls, showed a higher tissue lipoprotein lipase activity, a lower lipid peroxide level in the brain and a trend toward lower serum triacylglycerol levels and body fat storage without alterations in serum levels of thyroid-related hormones (TSH, T3 and T4). From the results of cold exposure and anti-thyroid drug-treatment conducted on rats fed on the OE and IE diets for 17 months, high-iodine eggs seemed to improve the age-related defects in thermogenic and thyroid hormone responses to cold, and also to result in a resistance to the anti-thyroid drug. The effects of the IE diet on lipid metabolism of rats were partly exhibited by feeding of the OE diet with an equivalent amount of iodine added as KI or KIO3. Thus, it is suggested that iodine ingestion through high-iodine eggs modulates both lipid metabolism and thyroid function in rats.
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[Nursing of a patient with chronic lumbar pain--success with autogenic training combined with biofeedback]. [KANGO GIJUTSU] : [NURSING TECHNIQUE] 1985; 31:628-34. [PMID: 3159925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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