1
|
Aharonian F, Benkhali FA, Aschersleben J, Ashkar H, Backes M, Martins VB, Batzofin R, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, de Lavergne MDB, Borowska J, Bouyahiaoui M, Breuhaus M, Brose R, Brown AM, Brun F, Bruno B, Bulik T, Burger-Scheidlin C, Caroff S, Casanova S, Cecil R, Celic J, Cerruti M, Chand T, Chandra S, Chen A, Chibueze J, Chibueze O, Cotter G, Dai S, Mbarubucyeye JD, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Doroshenko V, Egberts K, Einecke S, Ernenwein JP, Filipovic M, Fontaine G, Füßling M, Funk S, Gabici S, Ghafourizadeh S, Giavitto G, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grolleron G, Haerer L, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky F, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Jung-Richardt I, Kasai E, Katarzyński K, Khatoon R, Khélifi B, Klepser S, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Kundu A, Lang RG, Le Stum S, Leitl F, Lemière A, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Lohse T, Luashvili A, Lypova I, Mackey J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Marcowith A, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Mehta A, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Mohrmann L, Montanari A, Moulin E, Murach T, Nakashima K, de Naurois M, Niemiec J, Noel AP, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, de Ona Wilhelmi E, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Prokhorov DA, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ren H, Renaud M, Reville B, Rieger F, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ricarte HR, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Salzmann H, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schäfer J, Schüssler F, Schwanke U, Shapopi JNS, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Stawarz L, Steenkamp R, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Streil K, Sushch I, Suzuki H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Unbehaun T, van Eldik C, Vecchi M, Veh J, Venter C, Vink J, Wach T, Wagner SJ, Werner F, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Zacharias M, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zouari S, Żywucka N. Acceleration and transport of relativistic electrons in the jets of the microquasar SS 433. Science 2024; 383:402-406. [PMID: 38271522 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
SS 433 is a microquasar, a stellar binary system that launches collimated relativistic jets. We observed SS 433 in gamma rays using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) and found an energy-dependent shift in the apparent position of the gamma-ray emission from the parsec-scale jets. These observations trace the energetic electron population and indicate that inverse Compton scattering is the emission mechanism of the gamma rays. Our modeling of the energy-dependent gamma-ray morphology constrains the location of particle acceleration and requires an abrupt deceleration of the jet flow. We infer the presence of shocks on either side of the binary system, at distances of 25 to 30 parsecs, and that self-collimation of the precessing jets forms the shocks, which then efficiently accelerate electrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - J Aschersleben
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AD, Netherlands
| | - H Ashkar
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
| | - M Backes
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | | | - R Batzofin
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Y Becherini
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, Växjö 351 95, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Université de Paris, Meudon 92190, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75252, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy 74000, France
| | - J Borowska
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - M Bouyahiaoui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - M Breuhaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - R Brose
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
| | - A M Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - F Brun
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - B Bruno
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-478, Poland
| | | | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy 74000, France
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków 31-342, Poland
| | - R Cecil
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
| | - J Celic
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M Cerruti
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S Chandra
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - J Chibueze
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - O Chibueze
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - S Dai
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | | | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - S Einecke
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Marseille 13288, France
| | - M Filipovic
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
| | - M Füßling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - S Ghafourizadeh
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - G Giavitto
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - D Glawion
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - J-F Glicenstein
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - G Grolleron
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75252, France
| | - L Haerer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Laboratoir de de Physique des deux Infinis, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Gradignan F-33170, France
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - R Khatoon
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - B Khélifi
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - S Klepser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - D Kostunin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - A Kundu
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - R G Lang
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S Le Stum
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Marseille 13288, France
| | - F Leitl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - A Lemière
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75252, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - A Luashvili
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Université de Paris, Meudon 92190, France
| | - I Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Mehta
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - L Mohrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Montanari
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - E Moulin
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - T Murach
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - K Nakashima
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków 31-342, Poland
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - S Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | | | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - D A Prokhorov
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - P Reichherzer
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - H Ren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - B Reville
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - H Rueda Ricarte
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - J Schäfer
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - J N S Shapopi
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Université de Paris, Meudon 92190, France
| | - A Specovius
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - L Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - K Streil
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Konan University, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Konan University, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan, Japan
| | - A M Taylor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - R Terrier
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - M Tsirou
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - N Tsuji
- The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Unbehaun
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - C van Eldik
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AD, Netherlands
| | - J Veh
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Vink
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - T Wach
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków 31-342, Poland
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AD, Netherlands
| | - S Zouari
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ladzekpo D, Kwofie KD, Kawada H, Mikami F, Tsuji N, Iwanaga S, Dadzie S, Hatta T, Ishino T. A possible circulation of a dominant Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis haplotype in Japan revealed by molecular analysis of clinical tapeworm samples. Parasitol Int 2023:102771. [PMID: 37302639 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human diphyllobothriasis, caused by Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis, is prevalent globally, especially in regions where raw fish is consumed. Recent molecular diagnostic techniques have made species identification of tapeworm parasites and the determination of genetic variations among parasite populations possible. However, only a few studies done over a decade ago, have reported on the genetic variation among D. nihonkaiensis in Japan. The present study employed PCR-based mitochondrial DNA analysis to specifically detect D. nihonkaiensis from archived clinical samples, and to determine any genetic variation that may exist among the Japanese broad tapeworms from patients of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Target genes were amplified from DNA extracted from the ethanol- or formaldehyde-fixed samples by PCR. Further sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial COI and ND1 sequences were also performed. In our results, all PCR-amplified and sequenced samples were identified as D. nihonkaiensis. Analysis of COI sequences revealed two haplotype lineages. However, clustering of almost all COI (and ND1) sample sequences into one of the two haplotype clades, together with reference sequences from different countries worldwide, revealed a common haplotype among D. nihonkaiensis samples in our study. Our results suggest a possible presence of a dominant D. nihonkaiensis haplotype, with a global distribution circulating in Japan. Results from this study have the potential to improve the management of clinical cases and establish robust control measures to reduce the burden of human diphyllobothriasis in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ladzekpo
- Dept. of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Med. & Dent. Univ., Tokyo, Japan; Dept. of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kofi Dadzie Kwofie
- Dept. of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Dept. Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Inst. Med. Res., College of Health Sci. Univ. of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hayato Kawada
- Dept. of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fusako Mikami
- Dept. of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Dept. of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Dept. of Molecular Parasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka Univ., Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Dept. Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Inst. Med. Res., College of Health Sci. Univ. of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Dept. of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Ishino
- Dept. of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Med. & Dent. Univ., Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kwofie KD, Hernandez EP, Anisuzzaman, Kawada H, Koike Y, Sasaki S, Inoue T, Jimbo K, Mikami F, Ladzekpo D, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Yamaji K, Tanaka T, Matsubayashi M, Alim MA, Dadzie SK, Iwanaga S, Tsuji N, Hatta T. RNA activation in ticks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9341. [PMID: 37291173 PMCID: PMC10250327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA activation (RNAa) is a burgeoning area of research in which double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or small activating RNAs mediate the upregulation of specific genes by targeting the promoter sequence and/or AU-rich elements in the 3'- untranslated region (3'-UTR) of mRNA molecules. So far, studies on the phenomenon have been limited to mammals, plants, bacteria, Caenorhabditis elegans, and recently, Aedes aegypti. However, it is yet to be applied in other arthropods, including ticks, despite the ubiquitous presence of argonaute 2 protein, which is an indispensable requirement for the formation of RNA-induced transcriptional activation complex to enable a dsRNA-mediated gene activation. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the possible presence of RNAa phenomenon in the tick vector, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Asian longhorned tick). We targeted the 3'-UTR of a novel endochitinase-like gene (HlemCHT) identified previously in H. longicornis eggs for dsRNA-mediated gene activation. Our results showed an increased gene expression in eggs of H. longicornis endochitinase-dsRNA-injected (dsHlemCHT) ticks on day-13 post-oviposition. Furthermore, we observed that eggs of dsHlemCHT ticks exhibited relatively early egg development and hatching, suggesting a dsRNA-mediated activation of the HlemCHT gene in the eggs. This is the first attempt to provide evidence of RNAa in ticks. Although further studies are required to elucidate the detailed mechanism by which RNAa occurs in ticks, the outcome of this study provides new opportunities for the use of RNAa as a gene overexpression tool in future studies on tick biology, to reduce the global burden of ticks and tick-borne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Dadzie Kwofie
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines at Los Baños, College, 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Anisuzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hayato Kawada
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yuki Koike
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Sana Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kei Jimbo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Fusako Mikami
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Danielle Ladzekpo
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kayoko Yamaji
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Center for Medical Entomology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samuel Kweku Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CIDER), Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Inabu Y, Kurosu K, Osawa R, Hasunuma T, Tsuji N, Funo H, Nishimura K, Kushibiki S, Kawashima K, Sugino T. Effect of kraft pulp inclusion in calf starter on performance, health, and plasma concentration of glucagon-like peptide 2 in calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4443-4453. [PMID: 37080779 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Kraft pulp (KP), an intermediate product obtained when wood chips are converted to paper, contains highly digestible fiber. This study evaluated the effect of KP inclusion in calf starters on growth performance, health, and plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) concentration in calves. Twenty-five Holstein heifer calves were raised on a high plane of nutrition program using milk replacer containing 29% crude protein and 18% fat until 49 d after birth, and were fed calf starters containing KP at 0 (CON; n = 14) or 12% (KPS; n = 11) on a dry matter basis. All calves were fed the treatment calf starters and timothy hay ad libitum. Blood was collected at 4, 14, 21, 35, 49, 70, and 91 d after birth. Dry matter intake (DMI) of milk replacer and hay was not affected by treatment, whereas calf starter DMI was lower for KPS (0.93 kg/d) than for CON (1.03 kg/d). Higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content in KPS (31.7%) than in the CON starter (22.1%) resulted in higher NDF intake for KPS (0.55 kg/d) than for CON (0.47 kg/d). However, the consumption of starch was lower for KPS (0.29 kg/d) than for CON (0.33 kg/d). Despite the lower starter intake for KPS, body weight and average daily gain did not differ between treatments. No significant difference was observed in the plasma concentrations of metabolites, except for β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB); BHB concentration was lower for KPS (216 μmol/L) than for CON (257 μmol/L). The area under the curve for plasma GLP-2 concentration was higher for KPS (54.1 ng/mL × d) than for CON (36.0 ng/mL × d). Additionally, the fecal score postweaning (1.19 and 1.48 for KPS and CON, respectively) and the number of days that calves developed diarrhea throughout the experimental period (2.50 d and 8.10 d for KPS and CON, respectively) were lower for KPS than for CON. These results indicate that feeding KP reduces the severity and frequency of diarrhea without adversely affecting growth performance. This could be attributed to the increased plasma GLP-2 concentration induced by higher NDF intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Inabu
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, Japan 878-0201; Dairy Nutrition and Feeding Management, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan 739-8528
| | - K Kurosu
- Nippon Paper Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 114-0002
| | - R Osawa
- Saitama Prefectural Agricultural Technology Research Center, Saitama, Japan 360-0102
| | - T Hasunuma
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Japan 939-2622
| | - N Tsuji
- Yamanashi Livestock and Dairy Farming Technology Center, Yamanashi, Japan 408-0021
| | - H Funo
- Shimane Prefectural Eastern Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Promotion Center, Yunnan Office, Shimane, Japan 693-0031
| | - K Nishimura
- Miyazaki Livestock Research Institute, Miyazaki, Japan 889-4411
| | - S Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0901
| | - K Kawashima
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Chiba, Japan 289-1113
| | - T Sugino
- Dairy Nutrition and Feeding Management, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan 739-8528.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anisuzzaman, Hossain MS, Hatta T, Labony SS, Kwofie KD, Kawada H, Tsuji N, Alim MA. Food- and vector-borne parasitic zoonoses: Global burden and impacts. Adv Parasitol 2023; 120:87-136. [PMID: 36948728 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Around 25% of the global population suffer from one or more parasitic infections, of which food- and vector-borne parasitic zoonotic diseases are a major concern. Additionally, zoonoses and communicable diseases, common to man and animals, are drawing increased attention worldwide. Significant changes in climatic conditions, cropping pattern, demography, food habits, increasing international travel, marketing and trade, deforestation, and urbanization play vital roles in the emergence and re-emergence of parasitic zoonoses. Although it is likely to be underestimated, the collective burden of food- and vector-borne parasitic diseases accounts for ∼60 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Out of 20 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 13 diseases are of parasitic origin. There are about 200 zoonotic diseases of which the WHO listed eight as neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) in the year 2013. Out of these eight NZDs, four diseases, namely cysticercosis, hydatidosis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, are caused by parasites. In this review, we discuss the global burden and impacts of food- and vector-borne zoonotic parasitic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisuzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sharmin Shahid Labony
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Kofi Dadzie Kwofie
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hayato Kawada
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdalla H, Aharonian F, Benkhali FA, Angüner EO, Armand C, Ashkar H, Backes M, Baghmanyan V, Martins VB, Batzofin R, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Böttcher M, Bolmont J, de Lavergne MDB, Brose R, Brun F, Cangemi F, Caroff S, Cerruti M, Chand T, Chen A, Cotter G, Mbarubucyeye JD, Devin J, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Doroshenko V, Egberts K, Fiasson A, de Clairfontaine GF, Fontaine G, Funk S, Gabici S, Giavitto G, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grondin MH, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Huang Z, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky F, Kasai E, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Khélifi B, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Lamanna G, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Lohse T, Luashvili A, Lypova I, Mackey J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Maurin G, Meyer M, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Montanari A, Moulin E, Muller J, de Naurois M, Niemiec J, Noel AP, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, Wilhelmi EDO, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Poireau V, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, Rieger F, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ricarte HR, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Salzmann H, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schüssler F, Schutte HM, Schwanke U, Senniappan M, Shapopi JNS, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Stawarz Ł, Stegmann C, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Terrier R, Thorpe-Morgan C, Tluczykont M, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Uchiyama Y, van Eldik C, Veh J, Vink J, Wagner SJ, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Zacharias M, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zhu SJ, Zouari S, Żywucka N. Search for Dark Matter Annihilation Signals in the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:111101. [PMID: 36154418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The central region of the Milky Way is one of the foremost locations to look for dark matter (DM) signatures. We report the first results on a search for DM particle annihilation signals using new observations from an unprecedented γ-ray survey of the Galactic Center (GC) region, i.e., the Inner Galaxy Survey, at very high energies (≳100 GeV) performed with the H.E.S.S. array of five ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. No significant γ-ray excess is found in the search region of the 2014-2020 dataset and a profile likelihood ratio analysis is carried out to set exclusion limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) DM density profiles at the GC, these constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach ⟨σv⟩ values of 3.7×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} for 1.5 TeV DM mass in the W^{+}W^{-} annihilation channel, and 1.2×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} for 0.7 TeV DM mass in the τ^{+}τ^{-} annihilation channel. With the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey, ground-based γ-ray observations thus probe ⟨σv⟩ values expected from thermal-relic annihilating TeV DM particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Abdalla
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RAU, 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - C Armand
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - H Ashkar
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Instytut Fizyki Jádrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - R Batzofin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - R Brose
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F Brun
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Cangemi
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Caroff
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Cerruti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Devin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - G Fichet de Clairfontaine
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - D Glawion
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Khélifi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - G Lamanna
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Luashvili
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - I Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Montanari
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Moulin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Muller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jádrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Poireau
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | | | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Reichherzer
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Rueda Ricarte
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H M Schutte
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Senniappan
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J N S Shapopi
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Specovius
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - C Stegmann
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
| | - R Terrier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - C Thorpe-Morgan
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Tsirou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Tsuji
- RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jádrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RAU, 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - S J Zhu
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Zouari
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Angüner EO, Ashkar H, Backes M, Baghmanyan V, Barbosa Martins V, Batzofin R, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, de Bony de Lavergne M, Breuhaus M, Brose R, Brun F, Caroff S, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chand T, Chen A, Cotter G, Damascene Mbarubucyeye J, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Doroshenko V, Duffy C, Egberts K, Ernenwein JP, Fegan S, Feijen K, Fiasson A, Fichet de Clairfontaine G, Fontaine G, Füßling M, Funk S, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Ghafourizadeh S, Giavitto G, Giunti L, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grondin MH, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hörbe M, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Huang Z, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky F, Jung-Richardt I, Kasai E, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Klepser S, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Konno R, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Le Stum S, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Lohse T, Luashvili A, Lypova I, Mackey J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Marcowith A, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Maurin G, Meyer M, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Mohrmann L, Montanari A, Moulin E, Muller J, Murach T, Nakashima K, de Naurois M, Nayerhoda A, Niemiec J, Priyana Noel A, O'Brien P, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, de Ona Wilhelmi E, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Pita S, Poireau V, Prokhorov DA, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, Reville B, Rieger F, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rueda Ricarte H, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Sailer S, Salzmann H, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schäfer J, Schüssler F, Schutte HM, Schwanke U, Senniappan M, Shapopi JNS, Simoni R, Sinha A, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Stawarz Ł, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Thorpe-Morgan C, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Tuffs R, Uchiyama Y, Unbehaun T, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Veh J, Venter C, Vink J, Wagner SJ, Werner F, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Yusafzai A, Zacharias M, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zhu SJ, Zouari S, Żywucka N. Time-resolved hadronic particle acceleration in the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. Science 2022; 376:77-80. [PMID: 35271303 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent novae are repeating thermonuclear explosions in the outer layers of white dwarfs, due to the accretion of fresh material from a binary companion. The shock generated when ejected material slams into the companion star's wind can accelerate particles. We report very-high-energy (VHE, [Formula: see text]) gamma rays from the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi, up to a month after its 2021 outburst, observed using the High Energy Stereoscopic System. The VHE emission has a similar temporal profile to lower-energy GeV emission, indicating a common origin, with a two-day delay in peak flux. These observations constrain models of time-dependent particle energization, favoring a hadronic emission scenario over the leptonic alternative. Shocks in dense winds provide favorable environments for efficient acceleration of cosmic-rays to very high energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, Russian-Armenian University (RAU), 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - H Ashkar
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - V Barbosa Martins
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - R Batzofin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Breuhaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Brose
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F Brun
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Caroff
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Cerruti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | | | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Duffy
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - K Feijen
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A Fiasson
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - G Fichet de Clairfontaine
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Füßling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S Ghafourizadeh
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Giavitto
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - L Giunti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Glawion
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Deux Infinis (LP2i), Bordeaux, Joint Research Unit (UMR 5797), F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Hörbe
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Khangulyan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - B Khélifi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S Klepser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - R Konno
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - K Kosack
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Kostunin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - S Le Stum
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - A Lemière
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Deux Infinis (LP2i), Bordeaux, Joint Research Unit (UMR 5797), F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Luashvili
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - I Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Meyer
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Mohrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Montanari
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Moulin
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Muller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - T Murach
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - K Nakashima
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - P O'Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - S Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E de Ona Wilhelmi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Pita
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - V Poireau
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - D A Prokhorov
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Prokoph
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Reichherzer
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - B Reville
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Rueda Ricarte
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers St., 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D A Sanchez
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Schäfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H M Schutte
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Senniappan
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J N S Shapopi
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - R Simoni
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Sinha
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Specovius
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI)), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
| | - A M Taylor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - R Terrier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - C Thorpe-Morgan
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Tsirou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Tsuji
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Unbehaun
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Vink
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Yusafzai
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, Russian-Armenian University (RAU), 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - S J Zhu
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - S Zouari
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Labony SS, Paul S, Alim MA, Hossain MS, Inoue T, Ritu SN, Alam MZ, Alam M, Kawada H, Hasan MM, Hatta T, Tsuji N. Research Note: Genetic analysis, pathology, and vectors of echinostomiasis, a zoonotic helminth infection in chickens in Bangladesh. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101682. [PMID: 35063806 PMCID: PMC8883069 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinostomes (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) are food-borne zoonotic flatworms that affect birds, animals and humans, and has been classified as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) by the World Health Organization (WHO), which cause severe enteritis in poultry and hamper production. Here, we confirmed the species of echinostomes affecting chickens in Bangladesh along with their genetic analyses, pathology and vectors. We isolated and identified adult worms from chickens, cercariae from fresh water snails and metacerariae (MC) from some wild fishes. We recovered Echinostoma revolutum (10.3%) and Hypoderaeum conoideum (6.0%) from chickens. Zoonotic E. revolutum was confirmed by amplifying nad1 gene and subsequent sequencing. Several mutations were detected in nad1 gene and our isolates belonged to the Euro-Asian clade. We observed thickening of mucosal layer, hyperplasia of goblet cells, infiltration of eosinophils, lymphocytes and must cells in the infected intestine. About 5.3% snails were infected and the highest percentage of infection was found in Lymnaea luteola (12.1%). Echinostome infection in snails was the highest in November (9.6%) and lowest in February (3.1%) in Bangladesh. MC of echinostomes were identified from blue panchax (Aplocheilus panchax) and tank goby (Glossogobius giuris). In conclusion, echinostomiasis is a notable big problem in indigenous chickens in Bangladesh and people, especially, villagers are at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Shahid Labony
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sudip Paul
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Sumaiya Naznin Ritu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahangir Alam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Alam
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hayato Kawada
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Muhammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pham HHS, Matsubayashi M, Tsuji N, Hatabu T. Relationship between Eimeria tenella associated-early clinical signs and molecular changes in the intestinal barrier function. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 240:110321. [PMID: 34520968 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The major clinical signs of coccidiosis in chickens due to Eimeria parasite are diarrhea and bloody feces. Previous studies showed that the impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the elevation of the intestinal permeability are causes of clinical signs associated with coccidia challenges. Nevertheless, the information about molecular changes of the epithelial barrier at the early stage of the infection with a specific Eimeria species has not been mentioned. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the temporal relationships between epithelial barrier conditions and clinical signs in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella over the time from the earliest stages of infection. White Leghorn chickens were inoculated with 1 × 104 oocysts of E. tenella. Thereafter the chickens were monitored for their daily clinical signs through observation, and between 5 dpi to 10 dpi, feces were collected for oocysts counting. Chickens were then administrated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) for gastrointestinal permeability test and tissues were collected each day for histopathological observation and total RNA extraction. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of the tight and adherens junction genes and cytokine genes were evaluated using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In this study, clinical signs such as diarrhea and bloody feces were observed concurrently from 3 to 8 dpi. Histopathology changes such as severe inflammation, hemorrhage, and epithelial desquamation were identified in the cecum specimens. The FITC-d level in the E. tenella-infected group was significantly higher than in the control group. In the infected group, the expression of claudin-2 gene was also upregulated, whereas the expressions of claudin-3 and E-cadherin genes were decreased as compared to the control group. These results implied that clinical signs of avian coccidiosis were associated with the intestinal barrier disruption via changes in expression levels of claudins and E-cadherin at the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Hoang Son Pham
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Zhou J, Liao M, Battsetseg B, Boldbaatar D, Hatta T, Kuboki T, Sakaguchi T, Chee HS, Miyoshi T, Huang X, Tsuji N, Xuan X, Fujisaki K. Data from expressed sequence tags from the organs and embryos of parthenogenetic Haemaphysalis longicornis. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:326. [PMID: 34433501 PMCID: PMC8390289 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Haemaphysalis longicornis is the most important tick species in Japan and has a wide range of vector capacity. Due to its veterinary and medical importance, this tick species has been used as a model for tick/vector biological studies. To identify the key molecules associated with physiological processes during blood feeding and embryogenesis, full-length cDNA libraries were constructed using the fat body, hemocytes-containing hemolymph, midgut, ovary and salivary glands of fed females and embryos of the laboratory colony of parthenogenetic H. longicornis. The sequences of cDNA from the salivary glands had been already released. However, the related information is still poor, and the other expressed sequence tags have not yet been deposited. Data description A total of 39,113 expressed sequence tags were obtained and deposited at the DNA DataBank of Japan. There were 7745 sequences from embryos, 7385 from the fat body, 8303 from the hemolymph including hemocytes, 7385 from the midgut, and 8295 from the ovary. The data, including expressed sequence tags from the salivary glands was summarized into Microsoft Excel files. Sharing this data resource with the tick research community will be valuable for the identification of novel genes and advance the progress of tick research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Min Liao
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Badgar Battsetseg
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Zaisan, 17024, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Damdinsuren Boldbaatar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Zaisan, 17024, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.,Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Thasaneeya Kuboki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakaguchi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Huey Shy Chee
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Takeharu Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.,Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ho DT, Pham HHS, Aota W, Matsubayashi M, Tsuji N, Hatabu T. Reduction of macrophages by carrageenan decreases oocyst output and modifies local immune reaction in chick cecum with Eimeria tenella. Res Vet Sci 2021; 139:59-66. [PMID: 34252703 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the disease severity and local immune responses in macrophage-depleted chicks with Eimeria tenella. Macrophages were reduced by intraperitoneal injection of a carrageenan solution at 12, 13, and 16 days old, whereas the control group received intraperitoneal phosphate-buffered saline. Both chick groups were orally inoculated with E. tenella sporulated oocysts at 14 days old. Feces were collected daily, which were then quantified for oocysts. The chicks were sacrificed on day 5, and the ceca were collected for histopathological observation. The gene expression levels were measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Macrophage-depleted chicks have been observed to shed a significantly reduced number of fecal oocysts compared to the infected control group. The parasite burden score in cecum specimens of macrophage-depleted chicks was significantly lower than those of infected control on day 5 after infection. Furthermore, macrophage reduction yielded significantly lower cecum histopathological scores and CD4 expression than those of the infected control group. The expression of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-22, interferon-γ, and inducible nitric oxide synthase was also noted to be significantly upregulated in both infected control and macrophage-depleted chicks compared to uninfected chicks. IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and perforin expressions were also higher with macrophage depletion than in both control groups. These results suggest that macrophages serve as an invasive gate or a transporting vehicle to the site of first merogony. Furthermore, mononuclear phagocytes may play an important role in local immune responses, thus contributing to parasite development during early E. tenella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dung Thi Ho
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, 102 Phung Hung, Hue City 49116, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Hoang Son Pham
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Wataru Aota
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Talactac MR, Hernandez EP, Hatta T, Yoshii K, Kusakisako K, Tsuji N, Tanaka T. The antiviral immunity of ticks against transmitted viral pathogens. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 119:104012. [PMID: 33484780 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ticks, being obligate hematophagous arthropods, are exposed to various blood-borne pathogens, including arboviruses. Consequently, their feeding behavior can readily transmit economically important viral pathogens to humans and animals. With this tightly knit vector and pathogen interaction, the replication and transmission of tick-borne viruses (TBVs) must be highly regulated by their respective tick vectors to avoid any adverse effect on the ticks' biological development and viability. Knowledge about the tick-virus interface, although gaining relevant advances in recent years, is advancing at a slower pace than the scientific developments related to mosquito-virus interactions. The unique and complicated feeding behavior of ticks, compared to that of other blood-feeding arthropods, also limits the studies that would further elaborate the antiviral immunity of ticks against TBVs. Hence, knowledge of molecular and cellular immune mechanisms at the tick-virus interface, will further elucidate the successful viral replication of TBVs in ticks and their effective transmission to human and animal hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melbourne Rio Talactac
- Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Cavite, 4122, Philippines
| | - Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kodai Kusakisako
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sato D, Hartuti ED, Inaoka DK, Sakura T, Amalia E, Nagahama M, Yoshioka Y, Tsuji N, Nozaki T, Kita K, Harada S, Matsubayashi M, Shiba T. Structural and Biochemical Features of Eimeria tenella Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase, a Potential Drug Target. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121468. [PMID: 33297567 PMCID: PMC7762340 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a mitochondrial monotopic membrane protein that plays an essential role in the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis and electron transport chain pathways. In Eimeria tenella, an intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes the most severe form of chicken coccidiosis, the activity of pyrimidine salvage pathway at the intracellular stage is negligible and it relies on the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, the enzymes of the de novo pathway are considered potential drug target candidates for the design of compounds with activity against this parasite. Although, DHODHs from E. tenella (EtDHODH), Plasmodium falciparum (PfDHODH), and human (HsDHODH) show distinct sensitivities to classical DHODH inhibitors, in this paper, we identify ferulenol as a potent inhibitor of both EtDHODH and HsDHODH. Additionally, we report the crystal structures of EtDHODH and HsDHODH in the absence and presence of ferulenol. Comparison of these enzymes showed that despite similar overall structures, the EtDHODH has a long insertion in the N-terminal helix region that assumes a disordered configuration. In addition, the crystal structures revealed that the ferulenol binding pocket of EtDHODH is larger than that of HsDHODH. These differences can be explored to accelerate structure-based design of inhibitors specifically targeting EtDHODH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sato
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (D.S.); (M.N.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Endah Dwi Hartuti
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (E.A.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.I.); (T.S.); Tel.: +81-95-819-7230 (D.K.I.); Tel./Fax: +81-75-724-7541 (T.S.)
| | - Takaya Sakura
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Eri Amalia
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (E.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Madoka Nagahama
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (D.S.); (M.N.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Yukina Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (D.S.); (M.N.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan;
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (E.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (E.A.); (T.N.)
- Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Harada
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (D.S.); (M.N.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan;
| | - Tomoo Shiba
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (D.S.); (M.N.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.I.); (T.S.); Tel.: +81-95-819-7230 (D.K.I.); Tel./Fax: +81-75-724-7541 (T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Labony SS, Alim MA, Hasan MM, Hossain MS, Islam A, Alam MZ, Tsuji N, Anisuzzaman. Fish-borne trematode infections in wild fishes in Bangladesh. Pathog Glob Health 2020; 114:91-98. [PMID: 32054421 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1727217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish-borne liver and intestinal flukes are helminth pathogens that have a negative impact on public health worldwide. We herein investigated the status of infection by the metacercariae (MC) of fish-borne trematodes (FBTs) in randomly selected freshwater wild fishes. Five species of fishes were collected and digested artificially using digestion fluid to recover MC. All fish species, namely, ticto barb (Puntius ticto) (14/16, 87.5%), banded gourami (Colisa fasciata) (8/12, 66.7%), freshwater garfish (Xenentodon cancila) (9/14, 64.3%), flying barb (Esomus danricus) (5/12, 41.7%), and reba carp (Cirrhinus reba) (7/11, 63.7%), were infected with FBTs. The overall infection rate was 66.2% and the mean intensity was 748.3 ± 2947.5 MC/100 g of fishes. The loads of MC in ticto barb, reba carp, freshwater garfish, banded gourami, and flying barb per 100 g of fishes were 1978.8 ± 5053.7, 268.3 ± 440.7, 140 ± 105.4, 134.3 ± 109.2, and 117.6 ± 102.3, respectively. The infection rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the body (55.4%) than in the head (40%) of fishes. Morphological and morphometrical analyzes identified the MC of Clonorchis spp., Opisthorchis spp., Metorchis spp., Metagonimus spp., and Echinostoma spp. Collectively, the present results suggest that wild freshwater fishes are important intermediate hosts for FBTs, and play a critical role in the transmission cycle of these parasites in Bangladesh. The results also indicate that people of the country are at risk of these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin S Labony
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ausraful Islam
- Program for Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahangir Alam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Anisuzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reddy SR, Yoshida S, Bhattacharjee T, Sake N, Lozinko A, Guo S, Bhattacharjee PP, Tsuji N. Nanostructuring with Structural-Compositional Dual Heterogeneities Enhances Strength-Ductility Synergy in Eutectic High Entropy Alloy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11505. [PMID: 31395929 PMCID: PMC6687781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A lamellar (L12 + B2) AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy (EHEA) was severely deformed by a novel hybrid-rolling process. During hybrid-rolling, the deformation was carried out in two stages, namely cryo-rolling followed by warm-rolling at 600 °C. The strain (ε) imparted in each of these steps was identical ~1.2, resulting in a total strain of ε~2.4 (corresponding to 90% reduction in thickness). The novel processing strategy resulted in an extremely heterogeneous microstructure consisting of retained lamellar and transformed nanocrystalline regions. Each of these regions consisted of different phases having different crystal structures and chemical compositions. The novel structure-composition dual heterogeneous microstructure originated from the stored energy of the cryo-rolling which accelerated transformations during subsequent low temperature warm-rolling. The dual heterogeneous microstructure yielded an unprecedented combination of strength (~2000 MPa) and ductility (~8%). The present study for the first time demonstrated that dual structure-composition heterogeneities can be a novel microstructural design strategy for achieving outstanding strength-ductility combination in multiphase high entropy alloys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Reddy
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Bhattacharjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials (ESISM), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Sake
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Lozinko
- Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Guo
- Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P P Bhattacharjee
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
| | - N Tsuji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials (ESISM), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Matsubayashi M, Yamaguchi H, Hatta T, Kawahara F, Hatabu T, Iseki H, Yamagishi J, Isobe T, Teramoto I, Kaneko A, Kita K, Tsuji N, Sasai K. Transitions in morphological forms and rapid development of the asexual schizonts of Eimeria tenella through serial passaging in chicks. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 75:103993. [PMID: 31394291 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Attenuated strains of avian Eimeria parasites, generated by the selection of precocious lines through serial passaging in chicks, have been used widely as live vaccines. Detailed morphological transitions including their life cycle depending on the passages remain poorly understood. Here, we showed early development and acceleration of transitions in morphological forms of the asexual schizonts of E. tenella that had been attenuated for virulence by serial passaging. Our results may be helpful in understanding parasitism, facilitating further molecular analyses such as comparative genomic or transcriptomic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | | | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iseki
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Takashi Isobe
- Japan Livestock Technology Association, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Isao Teramoto
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Department of Parasitology and Research Centre for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsubokawa D, Lee JM, Hatta T, Mikami F, Maruyama H, Arakawa T, Kusakabe T, Tsuji N. Characterization of the RAGE-binding protein, Strongyloides venestatin, produced by the silkworm-baculovirus expression system. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 75:103964. [PMID: 31302241 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) recognizes Ca++-binding proteins, such as members of the S100 protein family released by dead or devitalized tissues, and plays an important role in inflammatory responses. We recently identified the Ca++-binding protein, venestatin, secreted from the rodent parasitic nematode, Strongyloides venezuelensis. We herein characterized recombinant venestatin, which is abundantly produced by the silkworm-baculovirus expression system (silkworm-BES), particularly in its interaction with RAGE. Venestatin from silkworm-BES possessed a binding capacity with Ca++ ions and vaccine immunogenicity against S. venezuelensis larvae in mice, which is similar to venestatin produced by the E. coli expression system (EES). Venestatin from silkworm-BES had a higher affinity for human recombinant RAGE than that from EES, and their affinities were Ca++-dependent. RAGE in the mouse lung co-immunoprecipitated with venestatin from silkworm-BES administered intranasally, indicating that it bound endogenous mouse RAGE. The present results suggest that venestatin from silkworm-BES affects RAGE-mediated pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Tsubokawa
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Fusako Mikami
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Maruyama
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake, Miyazaki 899-1692, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arakawa
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Vaccine Immunology, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the Ryukyu, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahuja BL, Sharma A, Mund HS, Bapna K, Kumar K, Choudhary RJ, Phase DM, Tsuji N, Sakurai Y. Magnetic response of Nd-doped nickel ferrites using magnetic Compton scattering and XPS measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/124/17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Hernandez EP, Kusakisako K, Talactac MR, Galay RL, Hatta T, Fujisaki K, Tsuji N, Tanaka T. Glutathione S-transferases play a role in the detoxification of flumethrin and chlorpyrifos in Haemaphysalis longicornis. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:460. [PMID: 30092823 PMCID: PMC6085608 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemaphysalis longicornis is a tick of importance to health, as it serves as a vector of several pathogens, including Theileria orientalis, Babesia ovata, Rickettsia japonica and the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Presently, the major method of control for this tick is the use of chemical acaricides. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) system is one mechanism through which the tick metabolizes these acaricides. Two GSTs from H. longicornis (HlGST and HlGST2) have been previously identified. Results Enzyme kinetic studies were performed to determine the interaction of acaricides with recombinant H. longicornis GSTs. Recombinant HlGST activity was inhibited by flumethrin and cypermethrin, while recombinant HlGST2 activity was inhibited by chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. Using real-time RT-PCR, the upregulation of the HlGST gene was observed upon exposure to sublethal doses of flumethrin, while the HlGST2 gene was upregulated when exposed to sublethal doses of chlorpyrifos. Sex and strain dependencies in the induction of GST gene expression by flumethrin were also observed. Knockdown of the HlGST gene resulted in the increased susceptibility of larvae and adult male ticks to sublethal doses of flumethrin and the susceptibility of larvae against sublethal doses of chlorpyrifos was increased upon knockdown of HlGST2. Conclusions HlGST could be vital for the metabolism of flumethrin in larvae and adult male ticks, while HlGST2 is important in the detoxification of chlorpyrifos in larval ticks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3044-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.,Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kodai Kusakisako
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.,Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Melbourne Rio Talactac
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.,Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.,Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, 4122, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Remil Linggatong Galay
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 3004, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan. .,Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Hatta T, Okubo K, Sato M, Maeda H, Kume A, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I, Tsuji N, Fujisaki K, Inoue N, Suzuki H. Transovarial persistence of Babesia ovata DNA in a hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in a semi-artificial mouse skin membrane feeding system. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:433. [PMID: 29701057 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okubo
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Moeko Sato
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Maeda
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Aiko Kume
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 3-1-5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abdallah H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Angüner EO, Arakawa M, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bonnefoy S, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Büchele M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Caroff S, Carosi A, Carr J, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chakraborty N, Chaves RCG, Chen A, Chevalier J, Colafrancesco S, Condon B, Conrad J, Davids ID, Decock J, Deil C, Devin J, deWilt P, Dirson L, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dutson K, Dyks J, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Emery G, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Gaté F, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Grondin MH, Hahn J, Haupt M, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Iwasaki H, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katsuragawa M, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Liu R, Lohse T, Lorentz M, López-Coto R, Lypova I, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Mohrmann L, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, Nakashima S, de Naurois M, Ndiyavala H, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Odaka H, Ohm S, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Perennes C, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Piel Q, Pita S, Poireau V, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Rauth R, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Rinchiuso L, Romoli C, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Saito S, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schandri M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Seglar-Arroyo M, Settimo M, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Shilon I, Shiningayamwe K, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spir-Jacob M, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Steppa C, Sushch I, Takahashi T, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tibaldo L, Tiziani D, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Tuffs R, Uchiyama Y, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Rensburg C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zanin R, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, Zorn J, Żywucka N. Search for γ-Ray Line Signals from Dark Matter Annihilations in the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:201101. [PMID: 29864326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spectral lines are among the most powerful signatures for dark matter (DM) annihilation searches in very-high-energy γ rays. The central region of the Milky Way halo is one of the most promising targets given its large amount of DM and proximity to Earth. We report on a search for a monoenergetic spectral line from self-annihilations of DM particles in the energy range from 300 GeV to 70 TeV using a two-dimensional maximum likelihood method taking advantage of both the spectral and spatial features of the signal versus background. The analysis makes use of Galactic center observations accumulated over ten years (2004-2014) with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. No significant γ-ray excess above the background is found. We derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩ for monoenergetic DM lines at the level of 4×10^{-28} cm^{3} s^{-1} at 1 TeV, assuming an Einasto DM profile for the Milky Way halo. For a DM mass of 1 TeV, they improve over the previous ones by a factor of 6. The present constraints are the strongest obtained so far for DM particles in the mass range 300 GeV-70 TeV. Ground-based γ-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to explore relevant velocity-averaged cross sections for DM annihilation into two γ-ray photons at the level expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Abdallah
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Arakawa
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M Arrieta
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Barnard
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Blackwell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | - P Bordas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - P Brun
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Büchele
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Capasso
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Carosi
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Carr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Cerruti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - J Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - B Condon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I D Davids
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - J Decock
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Devin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - L Dirson
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Emery
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Eschbach
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Farnier
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - F Gaté
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Glawion
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Haupt
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Hawkes
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Iwasaki
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - A Jacholkowska
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jankowsky
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jingo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - L Jouvin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - M Katsuragawa
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Kerszberg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - D Khangulyan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J King
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kraus
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lau
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Lemière
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - E Leser
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Lorentz
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R López-Coto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Mariaud
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Marx
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M Meyer
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M W Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Mohrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Morå
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Moulin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - S Nakashima
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - H Ndiyavala
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - F Niederwanger
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P O'Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - H Odaka
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Oya
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Padovani
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Perennes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P-O Petrucci
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B Peyaud
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Q Piel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - H Poon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Prokhorov
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - H Prokoph
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Rauth
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Rinchiuso
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Romoli
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Rowell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C B Rulten
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Sahakian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Saito
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - D A Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Schandri
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Seglar-Arroyo
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Settimo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - A S Seyffert
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N Shafi
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - I Shilon
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Shiningayamwe
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - R Simoni
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Sol
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Spanier
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M Spir-Jacob
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - T Takahashi
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - J-P Tavernet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T Tavernier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Tibaldo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Tiziani
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - M Tsirou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - N Tsuji
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - J van der Walt
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Rensburg
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Viana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Vincent
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Voisin
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Vuillaume
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Z Wadiasingh
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wagner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R M Wagner
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Willmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wörnlein
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Wouters
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Zaborov
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Zacharias
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - R Zanin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Zefi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ziegler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Zorn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Żywucka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yasin MG, Alim MA, Anisuzzaman, Ahasan SA, Munsi MN, Chowdhury EH, Hatta T, Tsuji N, Mondal MMH. Trematode infections in farm animals and their vector snails in Saint Martin's Island, the southeastern offshore area of Bangladesh in the Bay of Bengal. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:684-688. [PMID: 29503348 PMCID: PMC5938201 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of snail-borne trematode (SBT) infections in farm animals on the offshore
Saint (St.) Martin’s Island of Bangladesh were 68.9% for cattle, 76.7% for buffaloes,
56.3% for goats, respectively. Examination of fecal samples showed that paramphistomes
infection was the most common at 50.5% followed by schistosomes at 23.7% and
Fasciola at 2.3%. Fasciola infection was found in
cattle (1.9%) and buffaloes (16.7%) but not in goats. Schistosome infection in cattle,
buffaloes and goats were 31.1, 6.7 and 17.5%, respectively. Prevalence of SBTs was higher
in older animals. Thiara tuberculata (Melanoides
tuberculata) were found to serve as vector for paramphistomes and
Indoplanorbis exustus for schistosomes and paramphistomes,
respectively. Our results suggest that SBT and their vector snails are highly endemic on
St. Martin’s Island of Bangladesh, and proper attention is needed to control these
infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Golam Yasin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Anisuzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Ali Ahasan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nuruzzaman Munsi
- Goat and Sheep Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Departemnt of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Departemnt of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Md Motahar Hussain Mondal
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hernandez EP, Kusakisako K, Talactac MR, Galay RL, Hatta T, Matsuo T, Fujisaki K, Tsuji N, Tanaka T. Characterization and expression analysis of a newly identified glutathione S-transferase of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis during blood-feeding. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:91. [PMID: 29422079 PMCID: PMC5806375 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasites important economically and to health. Ticks consume large amounts of blood for their survival and reproduction; however, large amounts of iron in blood could lead to oxidative stress. Ticks use several molecules such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), ferritins, and peroxiredoxins to cope with oxidative stress. This study aimed to identify and characterize the GSTs of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis in order to determine if they have a role in coping with oxidative stress. Methods Genes encoding GSTs of H. longicornis were isolated from the midgut CDNA library. Genes have been cloned and recombinant GSTs have been expressed. The enzymatic activities, enzyme kinetic constants, and optimal pH of the recombinant GSTs toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were determined. The gene transcription and protein expression profiles were determined in the whole ticks and internal organs, and developmental stages using real time RT-PCR and Western blotting during blood feeding. The localization of GST proteins in organs was also observed using immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Results We have isolated two genes encoding GSTs (HlGST and HlGST2). The enzymatic activity toward CDNB is 9.75 ± 3.04 units/mg protein for recombinant HlGST and 11.63 ± 4.08 units/mg protein for recombinant HlGST2. Kinetic analysis of recombinant HlGST showed Km values of 0.82 ± 0.14 mM and 0.64 ± 0.32 mM for the function of CDNB and GSH, respectively. Meanwhile, recombinant HlGST2 has Km values of 0.61 ± 0.20 mM and 0.53 ± 0.02 mM for the function of CDNB and GSH, respectively. The optimum pH of recombinant HlGST and recombinant HlGST2 activity was 7.5–8.0. Transcription of both GSTs increases in different developmental stages and organs during blood-feeding. GST proteins are upregulated during blood-feeding but decreased upon engorgement in whole ticks and in some organs, such as the midgut and hemocytes. Interestingly, salivary glands, ovaries, and fat bodies showed decreasing protein expression during blood-feeding to engorgement. Varying localization of GSTs in the midgut, salivary glands, fat bodies, ovaries, and hemocytes was observed depending on the feeding state, especially in the midgut and salivary glands. Conclusions In summary, a novel GST of H. longicornis has been identified. Characterization of the GSTs showed that GSTs have positive correlation with the degree and localization of oxidative stress during blood-feeding. This could indicate their protective role during oxidative stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2667-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.,Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kodai Kusakisako
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.,Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Melbourne Rio Talactac
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.,Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.,Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, 4122, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Remil Linggatong Galay
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, University of the Philippines at Los Baños, College, 3004, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tomohide Matsuo
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan. .,Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Hatta T, Okubo K, Sato M, Maeda H, Kume A, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I, Tsuji N, Fujisaki K, Inoue N, Suzuki H. Transovarial persistence of Babesia ovata DNA in a hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in a semi-artificial mouse skin membrane feeding system. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:836-841. [PMID: 29035855 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bovine piroplasmosis, a tick-borne protozoan disease, is a major concern for the cattle industry worldwide due to its negative effects on livestock productivity. Toward the development of novel therapeutic and vaccine approaches, tick-parasite experimental models have been established to clarify the development of parasites in the ticks and the transmission of the parasites by ticks. A novel tick-Babesia experimental infection model recently revealed the time course of Babesia ovata migration in its vector Haemaphysalis longicornis, which is a dominant tick species in Japan. However, there has been no research on the transovarial persistence of B. ovata DNA using this experimental infection model. Here we assessed the presence of B. ovata DNA in eggs derived from parthenogenetic H. longicornis female ticks that had engorged after semi-artificial mouse skin membrane feeding of B. ovata-infected bovine red blood cells. The oviposition period of the engorged female ticks was 21-24 days in the semi-artificial feeding. Total egg weight measured daily reached a peak by day 3 in all female ticks. Nested PCR revealed that 3 of 10 female ticks laid B. ovata DNA-positive eggs after the semi-artificial feeding. In addition, B. ovata DNA was detected at the peak of egg weight during oviposition, indicating that B. ovata exist in the eggs laid a few days after the onset of oviposition in the tick. These findings will contribute to the establishment of B. ovata-infected H. longicornis colonies under laboratory conditions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Matsubayashi M, Matsuura Y, Nukata S, Daizi Y, Shibahara T, Teramoto I, Matsuo T, Uni S, Hatta T, Kaneko A, Tsuji N, Sasai K. First detection and molecular identification of Entamoeba bovis from Japanese cattle. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:339-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
26
|
Kumar K, Dashora A, Heda NL, Sakurai H, Tsuji N, Itou M, Sakurai Y, Ahuja BL. Temperature dependent magnetic Compton profiles and first-principles strategies of quaternary half-Heusler alloy Co 1-x Cu x MnSb(0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.8). J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:425805. [PMID: 28805192 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa85f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Temperature dependent experimental Compton profiles of quaternary alloys Co1-x Cu x MnSb (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.6 and 0.8) when decomposed into constituent profiles show that the sp-electron spin polarization is antiferromagnetically coupled to Mn-3d moments. The orbital magnetic moments derived from combination of magnetic Compton profiles (MCPs) and magnetization measurements are found to be small. Moreover, the first-principles full potential-linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) calculations have been performed to validate the experimental investigations of spin moments and half-Heusler properties. Present experimental and theoretical work show major role of Mn atoms in building-up the absolute spin moments. Our MCP data and spin-projected density of states derived from FP-LAPW computations show an increase in sp-d interaction in conduction region on increasing the Cu concentration. Further, Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-type hybridization and antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions are witnessed in the reported alloys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Kumar
- Department of Physics, University College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur (Rajasthan) 313001, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsubokawa D, Ishiwata K, Goso Y, Nakamura T, Hatta T, Ishihara K, Kanuka H, Tsuji N. Interleukin-13/interleukin-4 receptor pathway is crucial for production of Sd a-sialomucin in mouse small intestinal mucosa by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:731-734. [PMID: 28802865 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucin is a major component of mucus in gastrointestinal mucosa. Increase of specific sialomucins having Sda blood group antigen, NeuAcα2-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ-, is considered to be associated with expulsion of the parasitic intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In this study, we examined the relationship between interleukin (IL)-13 pathway and expression of Sda-sialomucins in small intestinal mucosa with N. brasiliensis infection. Nematode infection induced marked increases in small intestinal mucins that reacted with anti-Sda antibody in wild type (wt) mice. However, this increase due to infection was supressed in IL-4 receptor α deficient (IL-4Rα-/-) mice, which lack both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling via IL-4R, and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which have defects in B- and T-lymphocytes. Analysis using tandem mass spectroscopy showed that Sda-glycans were not expressed in small intestinal mucins in IL-4Rα-/- and SCID mice after infection despite the appearance of Sda-glycans in the infected wt mice. Inoculation of recombinant IL-13 into the infected SCID mice restored expression of Sda-glycan. Our results suggest that the IL-13/IL-4R axis is important for the production of Sda-sialomucins in the host intestinal mucosa with parasitic nematode infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Tsubokawa
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishiwata
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Kitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic Sciences, 500 Kurotsuchishinden Minamiuonuma, Niigata 949-7241, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanuka
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tanaka M, Asakura Y, Uda T, Katahira K, Iwahara H, Tsuji N, Yamamoto I. Studies on Hydrogen Extraction Characteristics of Proton-Conducting Ceramics and Their Applications to a Tritium Recovery System and a Tritium Monitor. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tanaka
- Nippon Kucho Service Co. Ltd., Terugaoka, Meitou-ku, Nagoya 465-0042, Japan
| | - Y. Asakura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Uda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Katahira
- TYK Co. Ltd., Ohbata-cho, Tajimi, Gifu 507-8607, Japan
| | - H. Iwahara
- Professor Emeritus, Nagoya University, Shikenya, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-0034, Japan
| | - N. Tsuji
- Nippon Kucho Service Co. Ltd., Terugaoka, Meitou-ku, Nagoya 465-0042, Japan
| | - I. Yamamoto
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Asakura Y, Sugiyama T, Kawano T, Uda T, Tanaka M, Tsuji N, Katahira K, Iwahara H. Application of New Technologies for Gaseous Tritium Recovery and Monitoring. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - T. Uda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | | | - N. Tsuji
- Nippon Kucho Service Co. Ltd., Terugaoka, Meitou-ku, Nagoya 465-0042, Japan
| | - K. Katahira
- TYK Co. Ltd., Ohbata-cho, Tajimi-shi, Gifu 507-8607, Japan
| | - H. Iwahara
- Professor Emeritus, Nagoya University, Shikenya, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-003, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsubokawa D, Hatta T, Kikuchi T, Maeda H, Mikami F, Alim MA, Maruyama H, Tsuji N. Venestatin, a Ca ++-binding protein from the parasitic nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis, is involved in the larval migration process. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:501-509. [PMID: 28347664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The secretory EF-hand Ca++-binding proteins act as calcium signaling molecules for control of cell functions, but those proteins from parasitic helminths are poorly understood. Here, we have identified and characterized an EF-hand Ca++-binding protein from the rodent nematode, Strongyloides venezuelensis, termed 'venestatin', which is highly conserved in Strongyloides spp. Canonical two EF-hand domains and a signal peptide are present in venestatin. A gel mobility shift assay and Ruthenium red staining indicated that the recombinant venestatin possesses binding ability with Ca++ ions. Endogenous venestatin was seemingly localized in the hypodermis and gut of the worms and was found in the excretory-secretory products. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data showed that venestatin-specific transcript was upregulated in the parasitic stages of S. venezuelensis, and the upregulation occurred promptly after larval invasion through the host's skin, but not in the case of in vitro incubation. Immunization of mice with recombinant venestatin caused a 55% reduction in larval migration to the lungs, and lung hemorrhaging was mild compared with non-immunized groups, suggesting that anti-venestatin sera may interfere with larval migration from skin to lung. Our results suggest that venestatin is secreted from the hypodermis and gut of S. venezuelensis, and has pivotal roles in larval migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Tsubokawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Taisei Kikuchi
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake, Miyazaki 899-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroki Maeda
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Fusako Mikami
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - M Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Haruhiko Maruyama
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake, Miyazaki 899-1692, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tsubokawa D, Hatta T, Maeda H, Mikami F, Goso Y, Nakamura T, Alim MA, Tsuji N. A cysteine protease from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei plerocercoid is a critical factor for host tissue invasion and migration. Acta Trop 2017; 167:99-107. [PMID: 28012905 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sparganosis in humans caused by the plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is found worldwide, especially in Eastern Asia and the Far East. Previous studies have suggested that dissolution of plerocercoid body, plerocercoid invasion of host tissue, and migration are important processes for sparganosis progression. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes have yet to be determined. Here, we demonstrated the enzymatic property and involvement of a native 23kDa cysteine protease (Se23kCP), purified from plerocercoids, in sparganosis pathogenesis. Se23kCP is mature protease consisting of 216 amino acids and has a high sequence similarity with cathepsin L in various organisms. Se23kCP conjugated with N-glycans, which have a core fucose residue. Both cysteine and serine protease-specific activities were determined in Se23kCP and their optimal pHs were found to be different, indicating that Se23kCP has a wide range of substrate specificity. Se23kCP was secreted from tegumental vacuoles of the plerocercoid to host subcutaneous tissues and degraded human structural proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin. In addition, the plerocercoid body was lysed by Se23kCP, which facilitated larval invasion of host tissue. Our findings suggest that Se23kCP induces host tissue invasion and migration, and might be an essential molecule for sparganosis onset and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Tsubokawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiroki Maeda
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Fusako Mikami
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - M Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Matsuura Y, Matsubayashi M, Nukata S, Shibahara T, Ayukawa O, Kondo Y, Matsuo T, Uni S, Furuya M, Tani H, Tsuji N, Sasai K. Report of fatal mixed infection with Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis in neonatal calves. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:214-220. [PMID: 28030344 PMCID: PMC7089474 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the production and management of beef and dairy cattle, controlling diarrhea is one of the important concerns. Pathogenic agents of the disease, protozoan parasites including Cryptosporidium spp., are difficult to control, making prevention, diagnoses, and treatment of diarrhea. In the present study, we investigated a farm with a history of calf deaths over a period of 10 years in order to determine the cause of disease and to clarify the detailed distribution of the pathogens. In four examined calves that were reared in calf pens, all were positive with Cryptosporidium and/or Giardia, while the other breeding stock and adult cattle were negative. Molecular analyses revealed that the isolates from calves were C. parvum subtype IIaA15G2R1 as a zoonotic and G. intestinalis assemblage E. Other pathogenic bacteria and diarrhea-causing viruses were not detected. After treating the calf pens with boiling water and milk of lime (Ca[OH]2), oocysts of C. parvum and cysts of G. intestinalis were not found and no additional calves died. This is the first report to describe the mixed infection of both parasites in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuu Matsuura
- Toubu Veterinary Clinic, Chiba Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Sanmu, Chiba, 289-1326 Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531 Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531 Japan
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856 Japan
| | - Satoko Nukata
- Toubu Veterinary Clinic, Chiba Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Sanmu, Chiba, 289-1326 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856 Japan
| | - Osamu Ayukawa
- Toubu Veterinary Clinic, Chiba Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Sanmu, Chiba, 289-1326 Japan
| | - Yasuko Kondo
- Toubu Veterinary Clinic, Chiba Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Sanmu, Chiba, 289-1326 Japan
| | - Tomohide Matsuo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Shigehiko Uni
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masaru Furuya
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tani
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531 Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374 Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hatta T, Imamura K, Yamamoto T, Matsubayashi M, Tsuji N, Tsutsui T. A Large-Scale Survey of Trichinella spp. Infection in Japanese Wild Boars. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:219-220. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Kenkichi Imamura
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Takehisa Yamamoto
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Toshiyuki Tsutsui
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Maeda H, Hatta T, Alim MA, Tsubokawa D, Mikami F, Kusakisako K, Matsubayashi M, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Tsuji N, Tanaka T. Initial development of Babesia ovata in the tick midgut. Vet Parasitol 2016; 233:39-42. [PMID: 28043386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The initial development of Babesia ovata in the midgut of the vector tick Haemaphysalis longicornis has been demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo studies. Although the research on the partial developmental cycles of B. ovata in the tick midgut was performed in our previous study by using ticks fed on experimentally B. ovata-infected cattle, detailed information on the developmental stages of B. ovata in H. longicornis was limited. This report describes the sequential development of stages of B. ovata in an in vitro study using B. ovata-infected erythrocytes and tick midgut contents. The in vivo study also confirmed the developmental stages in the midgut contents of artificially B. ovata-infected ticks. In this observation, we have recognized the distinct forms of B. ovata developmental stages in the tick midgut; the aggregation forms and ray bodies with shorter spikes and light-stained cytoplasm were shown by Giemsa staining. The similarities and differences of the stages as compared to previous reports have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| | - M Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Daigo Tsubokawa
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Fusako Mikami
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kodai Kusakisako
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Laboratory of International Prevention of Epidemics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yamazoe M, Kato T, Suzuki K, Adachi M, Shibayama A, Hoshi K, Itou M, Tsuji N, Sakurai Y, Sakurai H. Spin/orbital and magnetic quantum number selective magnetization measurements for CoFeB/MgO multilayer films. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:436001. [PMID: 27602698 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/43/436001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spin selective magnetic hysteresis (SSMH) curves, orbital selective magnetic hysteresis (OSMH) curves and magnetic quantum number selective SSMH curves are obtained for CoFeB/MgO multilayer films by combining magnetic Compton profile measurements and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer measurements. Although the SQUID magnetometer measurements do not show perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in the CoFeB/MgO multilayer film, PMA behavior is observed in the OSMH and SSMH curves for the |m| = 2 magnetic quantum number states. These facts indicate that magnetization switching behavior is dominated by the orbital magnetization of the |m| = 2 magnetic quantum number states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yamazoe
- Department of Electronics and Informatics, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Anisuzzaman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-856, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - M Abdul Alim
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-856, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.,Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dyck A, Tsuji N, Mauldin K, Barmore C, Pignotti G. The Effects of Budget-Friendly Cooking Classes on Students' Beliefs, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Behavior Regarding Healthy Eating. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Matsubayashi M, Minoura C, Kimura S, Tani H, Furuya M, Lillehoj HS, Matsuda H, Takenaka S, Hatta T, Tsuji N, Sasai K. Identification of Eimeria acervulina conoid antigen using chicken monoclonal antibody. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4123-4128. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
39
|
Matsubayashi M, Kawahara F, Hatta T, Yamagishi J, Miyoshi T, Anisuzzaman, Sasai K, Isobe T, Kita K, Tsuji N. Transcriptional profiles of virulent and precocious strains of Eimeria tenella at sporozoite stage; novel biological insight into attenuated asexual development. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2016; 40:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
40
|
Mito M, Matsui H, Yoshida T, Anami T, Tsuruta K, Deguchi H, Iwamoto T, Terada D, Miyajima Y, Tsuji N. Contactless electrical conductivity measurement of metallic submicron-grain material: Application to the study of aluminum with severe plastic deformation. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:053905. [PMID: 27250440 DOI: 10.1063/1.4950868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We measured the electrical conductivity σ of aluminum specimen consisting of submicron-grains by observing the AC magnetic susceptibility resulting from the eddy current. By using a commercial platform for magnetic measurement, contactless measurement of the relative electrical conductivity σn of a nonmagnetic metal is possible over a wide temperature (T) range. By referring to σ at room temperature, obtained by the four-terminal method, σn(T) was transformed into σ(T). This approach is useful for cylinder specimens, in which the estimation of the radius and/or volume is difficult. An experiment in which aluminum underwent accumulative roll bonding, which is a severe plastic deformation process, validated this method of evaluating σ as a function of the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - H Matsui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - T Anami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - K Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - H Deguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - T Iwamoto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - D Terada
- Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Y Miyajima
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - N Tsuji
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Talactac MR, Yoshii K, Maeda H, Kusakisako K, Hernandez EP, Tsuji N, Fujisaki K, Galay RL, Tanaka T, Mochizuki M. Virucidal activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis longicin P4 peptide against tick-borne encephalitis virus surrogate Langat virus. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:59. [PMID: 26830840 PMCID: PMC4736483 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longicin is a defensin-like peptide, identified from the midgut epithelium of hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Several studies have already shown the antimicrobial and parasiticidal activities of longicin peptide and one of its synthetic partial analogs, longicin P4. In this study, longicin peptides were tested for potential antiviral activity against Langat virus (LGTV), a tick-borne flavivirus. Methods Longicin P1 and P4 peptides were chemically synthesized. Antiviral activity of the longicin peptides against LGTV was evaluated through in vitro virucidal assays, wherein the antiviral efficacy was determined by reduction in number of viral foci and virus yield. Additionally, longicin P4 was also tested for its activity against human adenovirus, a non-enveloped virus. Lastly, to assess the importance of longicin on the innate antiviral immunity of H. longicornis ticks, gene silencing through RNAi was performed. Results Longicin P4 produced significant viral foci reduction and lower virus yield against LGTV, while longicin P1 failed to demonstrate the same results. Conversely, both longicin partial analogs (P1 and P4) did not show significant antiviral activity when tested on adenovirus. In addition, longicin-silenced ticks showed significantly higher virus titer after 7 days post-infection but a significantly lower titer was detected after an additional 14 days of observation as compared to the Luc dsRNA-injected ticks. Mortality in both groups did not show any significant difference. Conclusion Our results suggest that longicin P4 has in vitro antiviral activity against LGTV but not against a non-enveloped virus such as adenovirus. Likewise, though most cationic antimicrobial peptides like longicin act directly on target membranes, the exact mechanism of membrane targeting of longicin P4 in enveloped viruses, such as LGTV, requires further investigation. Lastly, while the in vitro virucidal capacity of longicin P4 was confirmed in this study, the role of the endogenous tick longicin in the antiviral defense of H. longicornis against LGTV still remains to be demonstrated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1344-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melbourne Rio Talactac
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. .,Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan. .,Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Cavite, 4122, Philippines.
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku kita-18 nishi-9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Maeda
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. .,Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Kodai Kusakisako
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. .,Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- Zen-noh Institute of Animal Health, Ohja, Sakura, Chiba, 285-0043, Japan.
| | - Remil Linggatong Galay
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. .,Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Masami Mochizuki
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. .,Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ji J, Zhang YX, Saito Y, Takada T, Tsuji N. Competitive and Predacious Interactions Among Three Phytoseiid Species Under Experimental Conditions (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Environ Entomol 2016; 45:46-52. [PMID: 26496951 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of competition on species that coexist with similar ecological niches is an important theme in ecology. Furthermore, species displacement by introduced or invaded species is also an important environmental problem for biological control and conservation ecology. We tested whether two species of phytoseiids could coexist in closed cages with ample quantities of the extraguild prey species Carpoglyphus lactis (L.). Three species of phytoseiid mites-Amblyseius eharai Amitai & Swirski (a species native to China), Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (both species were introduced from outside of China)-were tested under experimental conditions (25 ± 1°C, 90 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 14:10 [L:D] h). With extraguild prey, we found that the numbers of a single population of each phytoseiid species (initial density of 10 females per cage) reached a plateau between 18 and 25 d after introduction into the experimental cages, suggesting that density-dependent factors were operating. In closed environments, one of these density-dependent factors might be cannibalism by these species. With regression analyses, Lotka-Volterra equations estimated the rate of population increase (r) and the carrying capacity (K) of each species with the data from observations on population dynamics. We next observed the interactions of two phytoseiid species with abundant extraguild prey. In all species combinations, one species went extinct and the other increased in population size, despite the availability of sufficient extraguild prey, suggesting some type of competition must have caused the extinctions. We suggested that intraguild predation is the most plausible hypothesis to explain the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ji
- Plant Protection Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, Fujian, China (; ; )
| | - Y-X Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, Fujian, China (; ; )
| | - Y Saito
- Plant Protection Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, Fujian, China (; ; ), Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan,
| | - T Takada
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan , and
| | - N Tsuji
- Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kusakisako K, Masatani T, Miyata T, Galay RL, Maeda H, Talactac MR, Tsuji N, Mochizuki M, Fujisaki K, Tanaka T. Functional analysis of recombinant 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Insect Mol Biol 2016; 25:16-23. [PMID: 26471013 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are obligate haematophagous arthropods that feed on vertebrate blood containing high levels of iron. The host-derived iron reacts to oxygen in the tick's body, and then high levels of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), may be generated. High levels of H(2)O(2) cause oxidative stress to aerobic organisms. Therefore, antioxidant responses are necessary to control H(2)O(2). We focused on peroxiredoxins (Prxs), H(2)O(2) -scavenging enzymes. The sequence of Haemaphysalis longicornis 2-Cys Prx (HlPrx2) was identified from fat body cDNA libraries of this tick and recombinant HlPrx2 was then prepared using Escherichia coli. By comparison with the 2-Cys Prxs of other organisms, we found two conserved cysteines in HlPrx2, Cys51 and Cys172. We examined the antioxidant activity of HlPrx2 and mutant proteins produced by a single base substitution, converting one or both of these cysteines into serines. The assays revealed that proteins containing Cys51 showed antioxidant activity when H(2)O(2) was removed. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated that only the wild-type HlPrx2 formed homodimers and that all of the proteins that we made had a high molecular weight peak. These results indicate that both Cys51 and Cys172 are essential for the dimerization of HlPrx2, whereas only the Cys51 residue is necessary for antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kusakisako
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - T Masatani
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - T Miyata
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Molecular Function of Food, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - R L Galay
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
| | - H Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - M R Talactac
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - N Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - K Fujisaki
- Zen-Noh Institute of Animal Health, Ohja, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tsubokawa D, Sugiyama H, Mikami F, Shibata K, Shibahara T, Fukuda K, Takamiya S, Yamasaki H, Nakamura T, Tsuji N. Collection methods of trematode eggs using experimental animal models. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:584-587. [PMID: 26792074 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although observing the eggs of human parasitic helminth is essential for medical education in parasitology, opportunities for collection of the eggs are limited. Collection of the eggs using experimental animal models is needed for a sustainable supply. The metacercariae of three trematode species, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus yokogawai, were collected from the second intermediate hosts: freshwater crabs and fishes, which were obtained using online shopping in Japan, and inoculated to experimental animal rat and dog. Consequently, eggs of the three trematode species were obtained abundantly from the feces of the animals. The eggs are being used for student training in several Japanese universities. In this article, we introduce the collection procedures for trematode eggs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Tsubokawa
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Fusako Mikami
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Shibata
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibahara
- Department of Animal Risk Management, Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- Center for Laboratory Animal Science, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Takamiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vudriko P, Okwee-Acai J, Tayebwa DS, Byaruhanga J, Kakooza S, Wampande E, Omara R, Muhindo JB, Tweyongyere R, Owiny DO, Hatta T, Tsuji N, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Xuan X, Kanameda M, Fujisaki K, Suzuki H. Emergence of multi-acaricide resistant Rhipicephalus ticks and its implication on chemical tick control in Uganda. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:4. [PMID: 26727991 PMCID: PMC4700616 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acaricide failure has been on the rise in the western and central cattle corridor of Uganda. In this study, we identified the tick species associated with acaricide failure and determined their susceptibility to various acaricide molecules used for tick control in Uganda. Methods In this cross sectional study, tick samples were collected and identified to species level from 54 purposively selected farms (from 17 districts) that mostly had a history of acaricide failure. Larval packet test was used to screen 31 tick populations from 30 farms for susceptibility at discriminating dose (DD) and 2 × DD of five panels of commercial acaricide molecules belonging to the following classes; amidine, synthetic pyrethroid (SP), organophosphate (OP) and OP-SP co-formulations (COF). Resistance was assessed based on World Health Organization criteria for screening insecticide resistance. Results Of the 1357 ticks identified, Rhipicephalus (Rhipicephalus) appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus were the major (95.6 %) tick species in farms sampled. Resistance against SP was detected in 90.0 % (27/30) of the tick populations tested. Worryingly, 60.0 % (18/30) and 63.0 % (19/30) of the above ticks were super resistant (0 % mortality) against 2 × DD cypermethrin and deltamethrin, respectively. Resistance was also detected against COF (43.3 %), OP chlorfenvinphos (13.3 %) and amitraz (12.9 %). In two years, 74.1 % (20/27) of the farms had used two to three acaricide molecules, and 55.6 % (15/27) rotated the molecules wrongly. Multi-acaricide resistance (at least 2 molecules) was detected in 55.2 % (16/29) of the resistant Rhipicephalus ticks and significantly associated with R. decoloratus (p = 0.0133), use of both SP and COF in the last 2 years (p < 0.001) and Kiruhura district (p = 0.0339). Despite emergence of amitraz resistance in the greater Bushenyi area, it was the most efficacious molecule against SP and COF resistant ticks. Conclusion This study is the first to report emergence of super SP resistant and multi-acaricide resistant Rhipicephalus ticks in Uganda. Amitraz was the best acaricide against SP and COF resistant ticks. However, in the absence of technical interventions, farmer-led solutions aimed at troubleshooting for efficacy of multitude of acaricides at their disposal are expected to potentially cause negative collateral effects on future chemical tick control options, animal welfare and public health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1278-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vudriko
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. .,Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. .,National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - James Okwee-Acai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Dickson Stuart Tayebwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Joseph Byaruhanga
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Steven Kakooza
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Edward Wampande
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. .,Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Robert Omara
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Jeanne Bukeka Muhindo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. .,Drug Information Department, National Drug Authority, P. O. Box 23096, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Robert Tweyongyere
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. .,Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - David Okello Owiny
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. .,Directorate of Research and Graduate Training, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan. .,Present Address: Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan. .,Present Address: Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Kanameda
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. .,Present Address: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Nibancho Center Building, 5-25, Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 108-8012, Japan.
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abe M, Hagio S, Tsuji N, Kuroda Y, Hayashi S, Furukawa S. Immunohistochemical analysis of γH2AX, a biomarker for DNA double-strand breaks, in the liver of genotoxic carcinogen-treated mice. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
47
|
Matsuura T, Tsuji N, Mano H, Ozaki K. Pathogenesis of iridal coloboma in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Takeo T, Tanaka T, Matsubayashi M, Tsujio M, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Tsuji N, Fujisaki K, Matsui T, Matsuo T. Evaluation of Eimeria krijgsmanni as a murine model for testing the efficacy of anti-parasitic agents. Acta Parasitol 2015. [PMID: 26203984 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Murine Eimeria spp. have been used as effective models of disease instead of large mammalian hosts such as cattle. We attempted to establish in vivo and in vitro assays using a murine intestinal protozoan, Eimeria krijgsmanni, which we previously isolated, to test anti-parasitic agents. Consequently, when mice were treated with sulfur drugs or toltrazuril, which are commercially available for livestock. Furthermore, sporulated oocysts and excysted sporozoites of E. krijgsmanni were treated with naturally occurring substances (lactoferrin, longicin, and curcumin). Although exposure to these substances did not affect oocyst infectivity, sporozoite viability decreased by 60% with longicin. However, direct injection of sporozoites treated with longicin into mice ceca did not result in any changes in the oocyst shedding pattern compared with control mice. The results suggest that E. krijgsmanni could be resistant to these anti-parasitic agents and might therefore have different characteristics to other apicomplexan parasites.
Collapse
|
49
|
Tsubokawa D, Ishiwata K, Goso Y, Yokoyama T, Kanuka H, Ishihara K, Nakamura T, Tsuji N. Induction of Sd(a)-sialomucin and sulfated H-sulfomucin in mouse small intestinal mucosa by infection with parasitic helminth. Exp Parasitol 2015; 153:165-73. [PMID: 25819298 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mucin is a major component of mucus on gastrointestinal mucosa. Mucin alteration in the host is considered to be the principal event for expulsion of intestinal helminths. However, it is unclear what mucin alterations are induced by various helminth infections. In this study, the alterations of mouse small intestinal mucin after infection with two nematodes, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which parasitize the jejunal epithelium, and a cestode, Vampirolepis nana, which parasitizes the ileal epithelium, were examined biochemically and histologically using two anti-mucin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), HCM31 and PGM34, which recognize Sd(a) antigen, NeuAcα2-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ-, and sulphated H type 2 antigen, Fucα1-2Galβ1-4GlcNAc(6SO₃H)β-, respectively. The goblet cell mucins that reacted with HCM31 increased conspicuously on the jejunal mucosa concurrently with expulsion of N. brasiliensis. Increased levels of HCM31-reactive mucins were observed in the jejunal mucosa after H. polygyrus infection, despite the ongoing parasitism. Goblet cell mucins that reacted with PGM34 increased on the ileal mucosa during V. nana parasitism. Small intestinal goblet cells reacting with the two mAbs were not observed in non-infected mice, although sialomucins and sulfomucins were abundantly present. Additionally, the number of ileal goblet cells that reacted with the two mAbs was increased at the time of expulsion of heterophyid trematode. These results indicate that the type of specific acidic mucins expressed after infection varies among species of intestinal helminth, and, furthermore, that the relationship with worm expulsion is also different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Tsubokawa
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishiwata
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takuya Yokoyama
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanuka
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Kitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic Sciences, 500 Kurotsuchishinden Minamiuonuma, Niigata 949-7241, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hatta T, Miyoshi T, Matsubayashi M, Islam MK, Alim MA, Anas MA, Hasan MM, Matsumoto Y, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Fujisaki K, Tsuji N. Longistatin in tick saliva blocks advanced glycation end-product receptor activation. J Clin Invest 2015; 124:4429-44. [PMID: 25401185 DOI: 10.1172/jci74917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are notorious hematophagous ectoparasites and vectors of many deadly pathogens. As an effective vector, ticks must break the strong barrier provided by the skin of their host during feeding, and their saliva contains a complex mixture of bioactive molecules that paralyze host defenses. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates immune cell activation at inflammatory sites and is constitutively and highly expressed in skin. Here, we demonstrate that longistatin secreted with saliva of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis binds RAGE and modulates the host immune response. Similar to other RAGE ligands, longistatin specifically bound the RAGE V domain, and stimulated cultured HUVECs adhered to a longistatin-coated surface; this binding was dramatically inhibited by soluble RAGE or RAGE siRNA. Treatment of HUVECs with longistatin prior to stimulation substantially attenuated cellular oxidative stress and prevented NF-κB translocation, thereby reducing adhesion molecule and cytokine production. Recombinant longistatin inhibited RAGE-mediated migration of mouse peritoneal resident cells (mPRCs) and ameliorated inflammation in mouse footpad edema and pneumonia models. Importantly, tick bite upregulated RAGE ligands in skin, and endogenous longistatin attenuated RAGE-mediated inflammation during tick feeding. Our results suggest that longistatin is a RAGE antagonist that suppresses tick bite-associated inflammation, allowing successful blood-meal acquisition from hosts.
Collapse
|