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Murali M, Gowtham HG, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Alghamdi S, Almehmadi M, Singh SB, Shilpa N, Aiyaz M, Kalegowda N, Ledesma AE, Amruthesh KN. Repositioning therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2: Virtual screening of plant-based Anti-HIV compounds as possible inhibitors against COVID-19 viral RdRp. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:969-980. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220428120939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic with a high mortality rate and infecting people worldwide. The COVID-19 vaccines that are currently in development or already approved are expected to provide at least some protection against the emerging variants of the virus but the mutations may reduce the efficacy of the existing vaccines. Purified phytochemicals from medicinal plants provide a helpful framework for discovering new therapeutic leads as they have long been employed in traditional medicine to treat many disorders.
Objective:
The objectives of the study are to exploit the anti-HIV bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) through molecular docking studies and perform the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) properties of potential compounds.
Methods:
Molecular docking was performed to study the interaction of ligands with the target sites of RdRp protein (PDB: 6M71) using AutoDock Vina. The ADMET properties of potential compounds were predicted using the pkCSM platform.
Results:
A total of 151 phytochemicals derived from the medicinal plants with recognized antiviral activity and 18 anti-HIV drugs were virtually screened against COVID-19 viral RdRp to identify putative inhibitors that facilitate the development of potential anti-COVID-19 drug candidates. The computational studies identified 34 compounds and three drugs inhibiting viral RdRp with binding energies ranging from -10.2 to -8.5 kcal/ mol. Among these, five compounds, namely Michellamine B, Quercetin 3-O-(2'',6''-digalloyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, Corilagin, Hypericin, and 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose residues bound efficiently with the binding site of RdRp. Besides, Lopinavir, Maraviroc, and Remdesivir drugs also inhibited SARS-CoV-2 polymerase. In addition, the ADMET properties of top potential compounds were also predicted in comparison to the drugs.
Conclusion:
The present study suggested that these potential drug candidates can be further subjected to in vitro and in vivo studies that may help develop effective anti-COVID-19 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudarshana Brijesh Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Natarajamurthy Shilpa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Ana E. Ledesma
- Centro De Investigaciónen Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (CIBAAL-UNSE-CONICET), FCEyT, RN 9, km 1125, CP 4206 Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
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Murali M, Kalegowda N, Gowtham HG, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Alghamdi S, Shilpa N, Singh SB, Thriveni MC, Aiyaz M, Angaswamy N, Lakshmidevi N, Adil SF, Hatshan MR, Amruthesh KN. Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Advances in the New Millennium towards Understanding Their Therapeutic Role in Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1662. [PMID: 34683954 PMCID: PMC8540056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles have become one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles and recently emerged as a promising potential candidate in the fields of optical, electrical, food packaging, and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low cost. They have a role in cell apoptosis, as they trigger excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and release zinc ions (Zn2+) that induce cell death. The zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the plant extracts appear to be simple, safer, sustainable, and more environmentally friendly compared to the physical and chemical routes. These biosynthesized nanoparticles possess strong biological activities and are in use for various biological applications in several industries. Initially, the present review discusses the synthesis and recent advances of zinc oxide nanoparticles from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds) and their biomedical applications (such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, photocatalytic, wound healing, and drug delivery), followed by their mechanisms of action involved in detail. This review also covers the drug delivery application of plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles, focusing on the drug-loading mechanism, stimuli-responsive controlled release, and therapeutic effect. Finally, the future direction of these synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles' research and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Hittanahallikoppal G. Gowtham
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Natarajamurthy Shilpa
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sudarshana B. Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - M. C. Thriveni
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, TVS Nagar, Hosur 635109, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Nataraju Angaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Syed F. Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Mohammad R. Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
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Murali M, Naziya B, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, AlYahya S, Almatroudi A, Thriveni MC, Gowtham HG, Singh SB, Aiyaz M, Kalegowda N, Lakshmidevi N, Amruthesh KN. Bioprospecting of Rhizosphere-Resident Fungi: Their Role and Importance in Sustainable Agriculture. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:314. [PMID: 33919629 PMCID: PMC8072672 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere-resident fungi that are helpful to plants are generally termed as 'plant growth promoting fungi' (PGPF). These fungi are one of the chief sources of the biotic inducers known to give their host plants numerous advantages, and they play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. Today's biggest challenge is to satisfy the rising demand for crop protection and crop yield without harming the natural ecosystem. Nowadays, PGPF has become an eco-friendly way to improve crop yield by enhancing seed germination, shoot and root growth, chlorophyll production, and fruit yield, etc., either directly or indirectly. The mode of action of these PGPF includes the solubilization and mineralization of the essential micro- and macronutrients needed by plants to regulate the balance for various plant processes. PGPF produce defense-related enzymes, defensive/volatile compounds, and phytohormones that control pathogenic microbes' growth, thereby assisting the plants in facing various biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, this review presents a holistic view of PGPF as efficient natural biofertilizers to improve crop plants' growth and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Banu Naziya
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh P.O. Box 6086, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sami AlYahya
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh P.O. Box 6086, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. C. Thriveni
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, TVS Nagar, Hosur 635109, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | | | - Sudarshana Brijesh Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
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Ansari MA, Murali M, Prasad D, Alzohairy MA, Almatroudi A, Alomary MN, Udayashankar AC, Singh SB, Asiri SMM, Ashwini BS, Gowtham HG, Kalegowda N, Amruthesh KN, Lakshmeesha TR, Niranjana SR. Cinnamomum verum Bark Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Potentiality. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E336. [PMID: 32092985 PMCID: PMC7072335 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum verum plant extract mediated propellant chemistry route was used for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Prepared samples were confirmed for their nano regime using advanced characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction and microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The energy band gap of the green synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO)-nanoparticles (NPs) were found between 3.25-3.28 eV. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy shows the presence of Zn-O bond within the wave number of 500 cm-1. SEM images show the specific agglomeration of particles which was also confirmed by TEM studies. The green synthesized ZnO-NPs inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 µg mL-1 and 62.5 µg mL-1, respectively. The results indicate the prepared ZnO-NPs can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent against harmful pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Daruka Prasad
- Department of Physics, B.M.S. Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 064, India;
| | - Mohammad A. Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Sudarshana Brijesh Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru- 570 006, Karnataka, India; (A.C.U.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Sarah Mousa Maadi Asiri
- Department of Biophysics, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Hittanahallikoppal Gajendramurthy Gowtham
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Thimappa Ramachandrappa Lakshmeesha
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru- 570 006, Karnataka, India; (A.C.U.); (S.B.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056, India
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