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Geiger S, Gross N. Tech sharing, not tech hoarding: Covid-19, global solidarity, and the failed responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry. Organization 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/13505084221145666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of health technologies to mitigate against the spread of the disease and improve care, dominantly including life-saving vaccines. But the pandemic has also highlighted that the current biopharmaceutical business model, based on the enclosure of these technologies and on the immense accumulation of capital it enables, leads to vast inequalities in healthcare particularly in low and middle-income countries. We believe that the pharmaceutical industry has a moral duty to enable and enact global solidarity through tech sharing instead of tech hoarding, but judging by current technology transfer practices we question their willingness to assume their role in organizing healthcare markets through solidaristic principles. In the absence of a voluntary adoption of solidaristic principles and practices by biopharmaceutical firms, the institutionalization of global solidarity as a fundamental organizing principle for healthcare markets is necessary to strengthen resilience and know-how globally. With this call, we add to existing conceptualizations of solidarity by (a) introducing a global level of solidarity and (b) thinking through the concept not as an abstract humanistic stance but as a concrete organizing principle for global healthcare markets.
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Gross N, Miller D, Khushanlani N, Divi V, Ruiz E, Lipson E, Meier F, Su Y, Swiecicki P, Atlas J, Geiger J, Hauschild A, Choe J, Hughes B, Yoo SY, Fenech K, Mathias M, Han H, Fury M, Rischin D. 789O Neoadjuvant cemiplimab in patients (pts) with stage II–IV (M0) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC): Primary analysis of a phase II study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Sidiropoulos DN, Phyo Z, Gross N, Charmsaz S, Xavier S, Leatherman J, Yarchoan M, Jaffee EM, Fertig EJ, Ho WJ. Abstract 1970: Single cell proteomic quantification of T cell states using mass cytometry for applications in monitoring immune responses in cancer immunotherapy clinical trials. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although immunotherapies have been established as a successful treatment option for several types of cancers, additional treatment strategies are necessary to broaden the cohorts of patients who may receive clinical benefit. Common immunological profiling for immunotherapy response depends on assessment of the composition of immune cell types in tissue samples and the periphery. Still, the function and state of each of these cells further contributes to the ultimate clinical benefit of immunotherapeutic response. Additionally, our ability to comprehensively study treatment strategies depends on elucidating the temporal effects different immunotherapy regimens have on the immune system of patients. Single-cell proteomics profiling with CyTOF mass cytometry enables robust protein-level profiling of cell types and is also high-dimensional enough to characterize functional states of immune cells. To construct an immunological framework that may feasibly serve to empower functional assessment of immune cell states for clinical trial monitoring strategies using CyTOF, we are employing single cell trajectory inference methods and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). We demonstrate this approach using peripheral blood derived CyTOF mass cytometry data to model T cell states at the proteomic level. First, we extract T helper (Th) and T cytotoxic (Tc) cell integrated metrics from CyTOF mass cytometry data obtained from diverse cell marker panel designs, immunological states, and diseases to benchmark that these computational pipelines can accurately reflect Th and Tc activation and exhaustion. Next, we develop a new pipeline that enables the use of continuous functional cell-state metrics from continuous pseudotime and NMF pattern weights as immunological profiling markers from CyTOF that can be applied to cancer immunotherapy clinical trials. For instance, we find CyTOF Tc pseudotime and memory pattern weights are higher in PDAC patients with stable disease treated with ipilimumab and a pancreatic cancer-specific vaccine. Thus, our pipeline has the ability to integrate metrics from mass cytometry data to empower translational analyses for determining patient responses in cancer immunotherapy, such as adaptive immune responses to checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines. Moreover, applying this pipeline to peripheral blood samples obtained before and after treatment also enables us to map further temporal cell state transitions in Tc and Th cells resulting from that treatment. Future work will include leveraging CyTOF T cell integrated metrics in larger scale survival analyses to test the predictive potential in a clinical proof of concept.
Citation Format: Dimitrios N. Sidiropoulos, Zaw Phyo, Nicole Gross, Soren Charmsaz, Stephanie Xavier, James Leatherman, Mark Yarchoan, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Elana J. Fertig, Won Jin Ho. Single cell proteomic quantification of T cell states using mass cytometry for applications in monitoring immune responses in cancer immunotherapy clinical trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1970.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaw Phyo
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicole Gross
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Soren Charmsaz
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Mark Yarchoan
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Won Jin Ho
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Ho WJ, Zhu Q, Durham J, Popovic A, Xavier S, Leatherman J, Mohan A, Mo G, Zhang S, Gross N, Charmsaz S, Lin D, Quong D, Wilt B, Kamel IR, Weiss M, Philosophe B, Burkhart R, Burns WR, Shubert C, Ejaz A, He J, Deshpande A, Danilova L, Stein-O'Brien G, Sugar EA, Laheru DA, Anders RA, Fertig EJ, Jaffee EM, Yarchoan M. Neoadjuvant Cabozantinib and Nivolumab Converts Locally Advanced HCC into Resectable Disease with Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. Nat Cancer 2021; 2:891-903. [PMID: 34796337 PMCID: PMC8594857 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A potentially curative hepatic resection is the optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but most patients are not candidates for resection and most resected HCCs eventually recur. Until recently, neoadjuvant systemic therapy for HCC has been limited by a lack of effective systemic agents. Here, in a single arm phase 1b study, we evaluated the feasibility of neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab in patients with HCC including patients outside of traditional resection criteria (NCT03299946). Of 15 patients enrolled, 12 (80%) underwent successful margin negative resection, and 5/12 (42%) patients had major pathologic responses. In-depth biospecimen profiling demonstrated an enrichment in T effector cells, as well as tertiary lymphoid structures, CD138+ plasma cells, and a distinct spatial arrangement of B cells in responders as compared to non-responders, indicating an orchestrated B-cell contribution to antitumor immunity in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Ho
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Durham
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aleksandra Popovic
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Xavier
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Leatherman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aditya Mohan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanglan Mo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Gross
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Soren Charmsaz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dongxia Lin
- Fluidigm Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Derek Quong
- Fluidigm Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brad Wilt
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ihab R Kamel
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Weiss
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Philosophe
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Burkhart
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R Burns
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris Shubert
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aslam Ejaz
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atul Deshpande
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Genevieve Stein-O'Brien
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Sugar
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel A Laheru
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zhang S, Zhu Q, Gross N, Charmsaz S, Deshpande A, Xavier S, Mohan A, Leatherman J, Mo G, Durham J, Popovic A, Wilt B, Lin D, Quong D, Anders R, Fertig E, Jaffee EM, Yarchoan M, Ho WJ. Abstract 1682: Imaging mass cytometry reveals key spatial features among immune cells in hepatocellular carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer and carries a poor prognosis. Most HCC is unresectable at presentation, and until recently, the use of perioperative systemic therapy has been hampered by a lack of any effective therapies. We recently conducted a single-arm trial of neoadjuvant cabozantinib followed by nivolumab for borderline resectable or locally advanced HCC (NCT03299946), through which secondary resectability was obtained in a subset of patients. Of 15 patients enrolled, 12/15 patients achieved margin-negative resection, and 5/12 resected patients experienced a major or complete pathologic response. Here we characterize changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) induced by neoadjuvant therapy. We constructed a tissue microarray containing 37 core liver biopsies (15 from responders, 22 from nonresponders), stained with a 27-marker panel, and used ilastik and CellProfiler to segment the resulting images, producing a single-cell dataset comprising 59,453 cells. We then used FlowSOM to perform unbiased clustering of cells, which we annotated into 17 cell types. Next, we performed spatial analysis using Voronoi diagrams and top neighbors mapping. We generated a minimum spanning tree using shortest Euclidean distances to model the simplest spatial relationships among all cell types and ranked their importance using random forest models. Grossly, responder cores were characterized by the presence of tertiary lymphoid aggregates, as well as a higher percent abundance of several immune cell types, including CD4 T (p < 0.05) and CD8 T cells (p < 0.005). In responders, Voronoi diagrams revealed denser packing of most immune cell types, particularly B cells (p < 0.005), and top neighbors analysis indicated higher numbers of lymphoid-lymphoid, myeloid-myeloid, and lymphoid-myeloid neighbors. This suggests that response is characterized by immune infiltration of the TME. Exploring this further, a minimum spanning tree showed that in nonresponders, CD8 T cells were flanked by CD163+ macrophages, whereas in responders, HCC cells were closely linked to lymphoid cells. Importance plots from random forest models for B, CD4 T, and CD8 T cells revealed that top predictors of responder status were higher minimum distance from CD163+ Arg1+ macrophages and lower minimum distance from CD163+ Ki67+ macrophages, which express higher levels of PD-L1. This suggests that proximity of B and T cells to macrophages that exert immunosuppression via Arg1 is a critical feature of resistance to cabozantinib plus nivolumab, whereas proximity to proliferative macrophages that express higher levels of PD-L1 is a key feature of response. In conclusion, cabozantinib and nivolumab can effectively promote antitumor immunity by altering both the abundance and spatial organization of macrophages, B cells, and T cells in the HCC TME.
Citation Format: Shu Zhang, Qingfeng Zhu, Nicole Gross, Soren Charmsaz, Atul Deshpande, Stephanie Xavier, Aditya Mohan, James Leatherman, Guanglan Mo, Jennifer Durham, Aleksandra Popovic, Brad Wilt, Dongxia Lin, Derek Quong, Robert Anders, Elana Fertig, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Mark Yarchoan, Won J. Ho. Imaging mass cytometry reveals key spatial features among immune cells in hepatocellular carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- 2Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicole Gross
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Soren Charmsaz
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Atul Deshpande
- 3McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stephanie Xavier
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aditya Mohan
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - James Leatherman
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Guanglan Mo
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer Durham
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aleksandra Popovic
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brad Wilt
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dongxia Lin
- 4Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Derek Quong
- 4Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Robert Anders
- 2Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elana Fertig
- 3McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Mark Yarchoan
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Won J. Ho
- 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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Ho WJ, Erbe R, Danilova L, Phyo Z, Bigelow E, Stein-O'Brien G, Thomas DL, Charmsaz S, Gross N, Woolman S, Cruz K, Munday RM, Zaidi N, Armstrong TD, Sztein MB, Yarchoan M, Thompson ED, Jaffee EM, Fertig EJ. Multi-omic profiling of lung and liver tumor microenvironments of metastatic pancreatic cancer reveals site-specific immune regulatory pathways. Genome Biol 2021; 22:154. [PMID: 33985562 PMCID: PMC8118107 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are diagnosed at the metastatic stage, and standard therapies have limited activity with a dismal 5-year survival rate of only 8%. The liver and lung are the most common sites of PDAC metastasis, and each have been differentially associated with prognoses and responses to systemic therapies. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular landscape within the tumor microenvironment (TME) metastasis at these different sites is critical to informing future therapeutic strategies against metastatic PDAC. RESULTS By leveraging combined mass cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and RNA sequencing, we identify key regulatory pathways that distinguish the liver and lung TMEs in a preclinical mouse model of metastatic PDAC. We demonstrate that the lung TME generally exhibits higher levels of immune infiltration, immune activation, and pro-immune signaling pathways, whereas multiple immune-suppressive pathways are emphasized in the liver TME. We then perform further validation of these preclinical findings in paired human lung and liver metastatic samples using immunohistochemistry from PDAC rapid autopsy specimens. Finally, in silico validation with transfer learning between our mouse model and TCGA datasets further demonstrates that many of the site-associated features are detectable even in the context of different primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Determining the distinctive immune-suppressive features in multiple liver and lung TME datasets provides further insight into the tissue specificity of molecular and cellular pathways, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying the discordant clinical responses that are often observed in metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Ho
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Cancer Convergence Institute, Baltimore, USA
- Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4M07 Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rossin Erbe
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Zaw Phyo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Emma Bigelow
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | | | - Dwayne L Thomas
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Soren Charmsaz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Nicole Gross
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Skylar Woolman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Kayla Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Rebecca M Munday
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4M07 Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Todd D Armstrong
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4M07 Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA.
- The Johns Hopkins Cancer Convergence Institute, Baltimore, USA.
- Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4M07 Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA.
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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Charmsaz S, Gross N, Jaffee E, Ho WJ. A global live cell barcoding approach for multiplexed mass cytometry profiling of mouse tumors. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143283. [PMID: 33690223 PMCID: PMC8119183 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of cancer immunology, mass cytometry has been increasingly employed to characterize the responses to cancer therapies and the tumor microenvironment (TME). One of its most notable applications is efficient multiplexing of samples into batches by dedicating a number of metal isotope channels to barcodes, enabling robust data acquisition and analysis. Barcoding is most effective when markers are present in all cells of interest. While CD45 has been shown to be a reliable marker for barcoding all immune cells in a given sample, a strategy to reliably barcode mouse cancer cells has not been demonstrated. To this end, we identified CD29 and CD98 as markers widely expressed by commonly used mouse cancer cell lines. We conjugated anti-CD29 and anti-CD98 antibodies to cadmium or indium metals and validated their utility in 10-plex barcoding of live cells. Finally, we established a potentially novel barcoding system incorporating the combination of CD29, CD98, and CD45 to multiplex 10 tumors from s.c. MC38 and KPC tumor models, while successfully recapitulating the known contrast in the PD1-PDL1 axis between the 2 models. The ability to barcode tumor cells along with immune cells empowers the interrogation of the tumor-immune interactions in mouse TME studies.
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Yarchoan M, Zhu Q, Durham JN, Gross N, Charmsaz S, Leatherman JM, Zhang S, Popovic A, Weiss MJ, Philosophe B, Burkhart RA, Burns W, Wilt B, Sugar E, Fertig EJ, Laheru D, Anders RA, Jaffee EM, Ho WJ. Feasibility and efficacy of neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
335 Background: Only 10-15% of newly diagnosed HCC patients are candidates for a potentially curative resection, and most patients who receive resection eventually recur. Historical systemic therapies including sorafenib, as well as locoregional therapies, have not demonstrated benefit in the perioperative setting. Novel combinations of targeted therapies and immunotherapies demonstrate higher response rates than sorafenib in HCC. Here, we report the feasibility and efficacy of neoadjuvant combination therapy with cabozantinib plus nivolumab, followed by surgical resection, in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced HCC. Methods: We conducted an open-label, single-arm, phase I study in patients with HCC with borderline resectable or locally advanced HCC (including multinodular disease, portal vein involvement, or other high-risk features). Patients received 8 weeks of therapy with cabozantinib 40 mg oral daily plus nivolumab 240 mg IV every two weeks, followed by restaging and possible surgical resection. The primary endpoint was feasibility, defined by the percentage of patients experiencing a treatment-related adverse event that precluded continuing on to surgery within 60 days of the planned date for surgical evaluation. Results: We enrolled 15 patients of whom 14 patients completed neoadjuvant therapy and underwent surgical evaluation. Adverse events were consistent with prior experience with these agents, and the trial met its primary endpoint, with no patients experiencing a treatment-related adverse event that precluded timely surgical assessment. Of patients completing neoadjuvant therapy, 1 patient declined surgery, 1 tumor could not be resected, and 12 patients underwent successful R0 surgical resection. 5/12 (41.7%) resected patients had a major or complete pathologic response. At a median follow up of one year, 4/5 pathologic responders are without recurrence. We performed an in-depth profiling of the surgical resection biospecimens and identified an enrichment of IFNγ+ effector memory CD4+ and granzyme B+ effector CD8+ T cells as well as tertiary lymphoid aggregates in the pathologic responders. We further analyzed the spatial relationships of cell types in responders and non-responders, which identified distinct spatial arrangement of B cells in responders, and proximity of arginase-1 expressing myeloid cells to T cells in nonresponders. Conclusions: This study is, to our knowledge, the first use of a targeted therapy in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor in the neoadjuvant setting in HCC, and the first use of modern systemic therapies to expand surgical resection criteria. Neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab is feasible, and may result in pathologic responses and long-term disease-free survival in a group of patients who may be outside traditional resection criteria. Clinical trial information: NCT03299946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarchoan
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer N. Durham
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicole Gross
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Soren Charmsaz
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Shu Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Richard A. Burkhart
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Laheru
- Johns Hopkins University Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Pathology, The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Won Jin Ho
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
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Gross N, Taylor T, Crenshaw T, Khatib H. The Intergenerational Impacts of Paternal Diet on DNA Methylation and Offspring Phenotypes in Sheep. Front Genet 2020; 11:597943. [PMID: 33250925 PMCID: PMC7674940 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.597943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of non-genomic inheritance of traits is currently limited. Although it is well established that maternal diet influences offspring inheritance of traits through DNA methylation, studies on the impact of prepubertal paternal diet on DNA methylation are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prepubertal diet in Polypay rams on complex traits, DNA methylation, and transmission of traits to offspring. A total of 10 littermate pairs of F0 rams were divided so that one ram was fed a control diet, and the other was fed the control diet with supplemental methionine. Diet was associated with earlier age at puberty in treatment vs. control F0 rams. F0 treatment rams tended to show decreased pubertal weight compared to control rams; however, no differences were detected in overall growth. A total of ten F0 rams were bred, and the entire F1 generation was fed a control diet. Diet of F0 rams had a significant association with scrotal circumference (SC) and weight at puberty of F1 offspring. The paternal diet was not significantly associated with F1 ram growth or age at puberty. The DNA methylation of F0 ram sperm was assessed, and genes related to both sexual development (e.g., DAZAP1, CHD7, TAB1, MTMR2, CELSR1, MGAT1) and body weight (e.g., DUOX2, DUOXA2) were prevalent in the data. These results provide novel information about the mechanisms through which the prepubertal paternal diet may alter body weight at puberty and sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gross
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Todd Taylor
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thomas Crenshaw
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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10
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Ambros IM, Tonini GP, Pötschger U, Gross N, Mosseri V, Beiske K, Berbegall AP, Bénard J, Bown N, Caron H, Combaret V, Couturier J, Defferrari R, Delattre O, Jeison M, Kogner P, Lunec J, Marques B, Martinsson T, Mazzocco K, Noguera R, Schleiermacher G, Valent A, Van Roy N, Villamon E, Janousek D, Pribill I, Glogova E, Attiyeh EF, Hogarty MD, Monclair TF, Holmes K, Valteau-Couanet D, Castel V, Tweddle DA, Park JR, Cohn S, Ladenstein R, Beck-Popovic M, De Bernardi B, Michon J, Pearson ADJ, Ambros PF. Age Dependency of the Prognostic Impact of Tumor Genomics in Localized Resectable MYCN-Nonamplified Neuroblastomas. Report From the SIOPEN Biology Group on the LNESG Trials and a COG Validation Group. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3685-3697. [PMID: 32903140 PMCID: PMC7605396 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For localized, resectable neuroblastoma without MYCN amplification, surgery only is recommended even if incomplete. However, it is not known whether the genomic background of these tumors may influence outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge M Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gian-Paolo Tonini
- Paediatric Research Institute, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Ulrike Pötschger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Research, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana P Berbegall
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia-Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean Bénard
- Département de Biologie et de Pathologie Médicales, Service de Pathologie Moléculaire, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nick Bown
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Huib Caron
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valérie Combaret
- Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, Lyon, France
| | - Jerome Couturier
- Unité de Génétique Somatique et Cytogénétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Paris, France
| | - Marta Jeison
- Ca-Cytogenetic Laboratory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Lunec
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Marques
- Centro de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saude doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Katia Mazzocco
- Department of Pathology, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia-Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gudrun Schleiermacher
- INSERM U830, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Paris, France.,Département de Pédiatrie, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Valent
- Département de Biologie et de Pathologie Médicales, Service de Pathologie Moléculaire, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Villamon
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia-Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dasa Janousek
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Pribill
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evgenia Glogova
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edward F Attiyeh
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tom F Monclair
- Section for Paediatric Surgery, Division of Surgery, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Keith Holmes
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Victoria Castel
- Unidad de Oncologia Pediatrica Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Deborah A Tweddle
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julie R Park
- Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Sue Cohn
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ruth Ladenstein
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maja Beck-Popovic
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno De Bernardi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Jean Michon
- Département de Pédiatrie, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Andrew D J Pearson
- Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Ernst N, Friedrich M, Bieber K, Kasperkiewicz M, Gross N, Sadik C, Zillikens D, Schmidt E, Ludwig R, Hartmann K. Expression of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 is increased in skin of patients with bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:486-492. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ernst
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - M. Friedrich
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Laboratory of Emerging Infections Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg Germany
| | - K. Bieber
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - M. Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - N. Gross
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - C.D. Sadik
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - D. Zillikens
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - E. Schmidt
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - R.J. Ludwig
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - K. Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Division of Allergy Department of Dermatology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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12
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Gross N, Peñagaricano F, Khatib H. Integration of whole-genome DNA methylation data with RNA sequencing data to identify markers for bull fertility. Anim Genet 2020; 51:502-510. [PMID: 32323873 DOI: 10.1111/age.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Predicting bull fertility prior to breeding is a current challenge for the dairy industry. The use of molecular biomarkers has been previously assessed. However, the integration of this information has not been performed to extract biologically relevant markers. The goal of this study was to integrate DNA methylation data with previously published RNA-sequencing results in order to identify candidate markers for sire fertility. A total of 1765 differentially methylated cytosines were found between high- and low-fertility sires. Ten genes associated with 11 differentially methylated cytosines were found in a previous study of gene expression between high- and low-fertility sires. Additionally, two of these genes code for proteins found exclusively in bull seminal plasma. Collectively, our results reveal 10 genes that could be used in the future as a panel for predicting bull fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gross
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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13
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Grez-Capdeville M, Gross N, Baker JC, Shutter JA, Haas AR, Wilson ME, Crenshaw TD. Alleged predisposing dietary factors fail to increase the incidence of osteochondrosis-like lesions in growing pigs at 14 and 24 wk of age. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa103. [PMID: 32249288 PMCID: PMC7185024 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early lesions of osteochondrosis (OC) are exhibited by regions of cartilage retention along the growth plate and articular cartilage. Progression of OC lesions may impair locomotion and necessitate euthanasia in adherence to animal welfare guides. Little is known about the role of nutrition in the initiation and early stages of OC. However, dietary components are commonly implicated as predisposing factors. In this study, diets were altered as an attempt to induce early stage OC lesions under controlled conditions. At 8 wk of age, 96 crossbred gilts (body weight [BW] = 17.4 ± 0.18 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four corn-soybean meal-based diets (four pens per diet, six pigs per pen) to assess diet effects on the number and volume of OC lesions in the distal femur. Diets included a non-pelleted control diet (Ctl); Ctl plus 20% glucose (Glc); the Ctl with increased concentrations of lysine, Ca, and P (+CaP); and the +CaP diet in a pelleted form (PEL). Femurs were collected from pigs euthanized at either 14-wk (Wk 14) or 24-wk (Wk 14) of age for assessments of OC lesions. Based on a mixed model analysis with pen as the experimental unit, dietary treatments did not affect final BW (129.3 ± 3.8 kg) or average daily gain (ADG) (1.00 ± 0.03 kg/d) over the trial. As expected, pigs fed PEL and Glc diets were more efficient (P < 0.05) in feed conversion compared with Ctl and +CaP. Using femurs as the experimental unit at Wk 14 (collected from two of the six pigs per pen), bone mineral content, determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed +CaP and PEL than Ctl or Glc diets; however, only +CaP group differed (P < 0.05) at Wk 24 (collected from four pigs per pen). Computed tomography (CT) scans of femurs were reconstructed as three-dimensional images to allow detection of the number, volume, and surface area of lesions in distal growth plates. At Wk 14, pigs fed Ctl had fewer number of lesions (P < 0.05); however, no differences were detected among dietary treatments in lesion volume or lesion surface area. Pigs had fewer lesions at Wk 24 than Wk 14; however, differences were not detected among dietary treatments. At Wk 24, pigs fed Ctl diets had the greatest lesion volume among dietary treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, none of the pigs exhibited symptoms of lameness regardless of dietary treatment or OC lesion traits. Diet modifications due to pelleting or inclusion of rapidly digestible ingredients, such as glucose, did not increase prevalence or size of OC lesions. Image analysis of CT scans was a reliable method to quantify the number, size, and location of OC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Gross
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Joni C Baker
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jennifer A Shutter
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Amanda R Haas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Thomas D Crenshaw
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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14
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Gross N, Strillacci MG, Peñagaricano F, Khatib H. Characterization and functional roles of paternal RNAs in 2-4 cell bovine embryos. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20347. [PMID: 31889064 PMCID: PMC6937301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryos utilize oocyte-donated RNAs until they become capable of producing RNAs through embryonic genome activation (EGA). The sperm's influence over pre-EGA RNA content of embryos remains unknown. Recent studies have revealed that sperm donate non-genomic components upon fertilization. Thus, sperm may also contribute to RNA presence in pre-EGA embryos. The first objective of this study was to investigate whether male fertility status is associated with the RNAs present in the bovine embryo prior to EGA. A total of 65 RNAs were found to be differentially expressed between 2-4 cell bovine embryos derived from high and low fertility sires. Expression patterns were confirmed for protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 36 (PPP1R36) and ataxin 2 like (ATXN2L) in three new biological replicates. The knockdown of ATXN2L led to a 22.9% increase in blastocyst development. The second objective of this study was to characterize the parental origin of RNAs present in pre-EGA embryos. Results revealed 472 sperm-derived RNAs, 2575 oocyte-derived RNAs, 2675 RNAs derived from both sperm and oocytes, and 663 embryo-exclusive RNAs. This study uncovers an association of male fertility with developmentally impactful RNAs in 2-4 cell embryos. This study also provides an initial characterization of paternally-contributed RNAs to pre-EGA embryos. Furthermore, a subset of 2-4 cell embryo-specific RNAs was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gross
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Animal Sciences, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | | | - Hasan Khatib
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Animal Sciences, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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15
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Klendar V, Gross N, Korzhenevsky A. CHANGES IN THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY WHEN PERFORMING CYCLIC MOVEMENTS. hsm 2019. [DOI: 10.14529/hsm190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The article aims at improving functional activity in children with cerebral palsy based on the features of adaptation to cyclic motions. Materials and methods. 23 children with cerebral palsy aged from 2 to 14 years participated in the study regardless of the form of disease. Functional shifts were assessed under the effect of cyclic load on the cardiovascular system. The following methods were used for the study: heart rate variability analysis based on the changes in total power spectrum (TPw, mc2), relative values of heart rate spectrum characteristics (HF%, LF%, VLF%), and the Stress Index (SI). Results. It was established that long-term hyponesia affected negatively hemodynamics in children with cerebral palsy and contributed to a decrease in adaptation mechanisms. The initial functional status of children with cerebral palsy was characterized by low values of adaptation reserves, aerobic power, and recovery potential. Adaptive capabilities in children when growing up from 3 to 12 years decrease to asthenization. Conclusion. Motor performance is the most effective factor influencing improvement of functional capabilities in children with cerebral capabilities. The movements of the cyclic type contribute to an increase in excitability and muscle lability, as well as to the development of general endurance.
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16
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Gross N, Ferrarotto R, Nagarajan P, Bell D, El-Naggar A, Johnson J, Yuan Y, Glisson B, Wong M, Rosenthal D, Esmaeli B, Migden M, Wargo J, Weber R, Myers J. Phase II study of neoadjuvant cemiplimab prior to surgery in patients with stage III/IV (M0) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSCC-HN). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz394.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Khatib H, Gross N. Symposium review: Embryo survival-A genomic perspective of the other side of fertility. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:3744-3753. [PMID: 30293848 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The majority of embryonic loss in cattle occurs within the first 3 to 4 wk of pregnancy, and there are currently no accurate predictors of pregnancy outcome. Existing embryo quality assessment methods include morphological evaluation and embryo biopsy. These methods are not accurate and carry some health risks to the developing embryo, respectively. Therefore, there is need to identify noninvasive biomarkers such as microRNA that can predict embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. Furthermore, researchers need a better understanding of the dynamic interaction between the mother and the embryo. The transcriptome of the uterus shows plasticity that depends on the embryo type so that the expression level of some genes for in vivo embryos would be different from that of in vitro-produced embryos. Similarly, the embryonic transcriptome and epigenome change in response to different environmental factors such as stress, diet, disease, and physiological status of the mother. This embryo-mother crosstalk could be better understood by investigating the molecular signaling that occurs at different stages of embryonic development. Although transcriptomics is a useful tool to assess the roles of genes and pathways in embryo quality and maternal receptivity, it does not provide the exact functions of these genes, and it shows correlation rather than causality. Therefore, an in-depth functional genomic analysis is needed for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling embryo development. In this review, we discuss recent genomic technologies such as RNA interference, gapmer technology, and genome editing techniques used in humans and livestock to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of genes affecting embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khatib
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
| | - N Gross
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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18
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Hiraki DD, Jones CD, Gross N, Grumet FC, Zehnder JL. Familial Coagulation Factor V Deficiency Caused by a Novel 4 Base Pair Insertion in the Factor V Gene: Factor V Stanford. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1614335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAn index patient with pseudohomozygosity for factor V Leiden was identified. Each of his two children inherited a different paternal factor V allele; a daughter was heterozygous for factor V Leiden, with 100% factor V activity, and a son was heterozygous for factor V deficiency, with 50% factor V activity. Genomic DNA was obtained from family members, and the 25 factor V exons and flanking intronic regions were sequenced in the proband and confirmed in the children. Within exon 13 of factor V, a 4 base insertion was found at NT 2856 in the proband and son, but not the daughter. This mutation, here designated factor V Stanford, results in a frameshift with loss of a thrombin activation site (R1545V) and premature termination of translation at amino acid 1560.
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19
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Lagrèze WA, Gross N, Biermann J, Joachimsen L. [Indications and technique for transconjunctival optic nerve sheath fenestration : Video article]. Ophthalmologe 2017; 114:953-958. [PMID: 28905110 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-017-0563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placement of a ventricular shunt is the primary surgical procedure for lowering intracranial pressure in pseudotumor cerebri syndrome; however, if ophthalmological symptoms prevail over neurological symptoms or if there are no neurological symptoms at all, optic nerve sheath fenestration may be a valuable option for relief of pressure on the retrobulbar optic nerve when papilledema caused by pseudotumor cerebri syndrome threatens vision despite previous conservative measures. METHODS This review covers the indications, technique and results of optic nerve sheath fenestration compared to competing procedures based on a systematic literature search, analysis of own cases and a documentation of the surgical technique. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE After performing a medial transconjunctival orbitotomy the medial rectus muscle tendon is temporarily detached and the eye abducted by traction sutures. Using confocal illumination under a surgical microscope, the optic nerve can be visualized using orbital spatulas and the sheath can be punctured with a microscalpel. A video of this operation is available online. CONCLUSION Transconjunctival optic nerve sheath fenestration is a relatively safe method to reduce the rate of visual loss in pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. In selected cases it can be a useful alternative to ventriculoperitoneal/atrial shunts or venous stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Lagrèze
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - N Gross
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - J Biermann
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - L Joachimsen
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
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Abstract
How do actors innovate markets in cases of perceived market failures? This paper’s aim is to examine what happens when a market is innovated or, as we call it, ‘redevised’ in situations where public and commercial interests significantly diverge. Market devices can serve an important function in such attempts to innovate markets: they are material and/or social arrangements that are put into place to shape the market in question in certain ways. But can such devices really transform a market from within? To examine this question we trace the history of the Geneva Medicines Patent Pool, a civil society initiative introduced to change pharmaceutical firms’ licensing and collaboration practices in the market for HIV/AIDS medicines. Our empirical results indicate that redevising a market in response to market failures can shift the market’s frames and contribute to altering its practices, but that this is a pragmatic and often lengthy process that is never fully predictable in advance. By attending to the intended and unintended consequences - or misfires - of redevising a market, our study raises important questions around acting in and on the market, market innovation’s’ ontological impact, zooming in and zooming out when studying redevising, and attending to the temporality of market innovation.
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Abstract
Sexual dimorphism of bovine blastocysts has previously been observed through differences in development, cell death, metabolism, telomere length, DNA methylation, and transcriptomics. However, dimorphism in the secretion of miRNAs to culture media has not yet been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to determine if sex-specific blastocyst miRNA secretion occurs and to further investigate the role these miRNAs may have in the interaction between a blastocyst and the maternal environment. In vitro embryo culture was performed and media from male and female blastocysts was collected into sex-specific pools. Profiling of 68 miRNAs revealed a total of eight miRNAs that were differentially expressed between female and male-conditioned media. Validation by qPCR confirmed higher expression of miR-22 (P < 0.05), miR-122 (P < 0.05), and miR-320a (P < 0.05) in female media for three additional biological replicates. To examine the potential roles of secreted miRNAs to the media in communication with the maternal environment, miR-22, miR-122, and miR-320a were each supplemented to four replicates of primary bovine endometrial epithelial cell culture. Uptake of miR-122 (P < 0.05) and miR-320a (P < 0.05) was detected, and a trend of uptake was detected for miR-22 (P > 0.05). Further, expression of the progesterone receptor transcript, a predicted target of all three miRNAs, was found to be upregulated in the cells following supplementation of miR-122 (P < 0.05) and miR-320a (P < 0.05), and a trend upregulation of the transcript was observed following miR-22 (P > 0.05) supplementation. This work demonstrates that male and female conceptuses are able to differentially secrete miRNAs at the blastocyst stage and that these miRNAs have the ability to induce a transcriptomic response when applied to maternal cells. This knowledge builds on the known dimorphic differences in conceptuses at the blastocyst stage and demonstrates a role for blastocyst-secreted miRNAs in cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gross
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, MadisonWI, USA
| | - Jenna Kropp
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, MadisonWI, USA
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, MadisonWI, USA
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22
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Flahaut M, Jauquier N, Chevalier N, Nardou K, Balmas Bourloud K, Joseph JM, Barras D, Widmann C, Gross N, Renella R, Mühlethaler-Mottet A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity plays a Key role in the aggressive phenotype of neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:781. [PMID: 27724856 PMCID: PMC5057398 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful targeting of neuroblastoma (NB) by associating tumor-initiating cells (TICs) is a major challenge in the development of new therapeutic strategies. The subfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 (ALDH1) isoenzymes, which comprises ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3, is involved in the synthesis of retinoic acid, and has been identified as functional stem cell markers in diverse cancers. By combining serial neurosphere passages with gene expression profiling, we have previously identified ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3 as potential NB TICs markers in patient-derived xenograft tumors. In this study, we explored the involvement of ALDH1 isoenzymes and the related ALDH activity in NB aggressive properties. METHODS ALDH activity and ALDH1A1/A2/A3 expression levels were measured using the ALDEFLUOR™ kit, and by real-time PCR, respectively. ALDH activity was inhibited using the specific ALDH inhibitor diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB), and ALDH1A3 gene knock-out was generated through the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. RESULTS We first confirmed the enrichment of ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3 mRNA expression in NB cell lines and patient-derived xenograft tumors during neurosphere passages. We found that high ALDH1A1 expression was associated with less aggressive NB tumors and cell lines, and correlated with favorable prognostic factors. In contrast, we observed that ALDH1A3 was more widely expressed in NB cell lines and was associated with poor survival and high-risk prognostic factors. We also identified an important ALDH activity in various NB cell lines and patient-derived xenograft tumors. Specific inhibition of ALDH activity with diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) resulted in a strong reduction of NB cell clonogenicity, and TIC self-renewal potential, and partially enhanced NB cells sensitivity to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. Finally, the specific knock-out of ALDH1A3 via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing reduced NB cell clonogenicity, and mediated a cell type-dependent inhibition of TIC self-renewal properties. CONCLUSIONS Together our data uncover the participation of ALDH enzymatic activity in the aggressive properties and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide resistance of NB, and show that the specific ALDH1A3 isoenzyme increases the aggressive capacities of a subset of NB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Flahaut
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Pediatric Division, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Jauquier
- Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Division, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Chevalier
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Pediatric Division, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katya Nardou
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Pediatric Division, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Balmas Bourloud
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Pediatric Division, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Joseph
- Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Division, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Widmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gross
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Pediatric Division, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Renella
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Pediatric Division, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annick Mühlethaler-Mottet
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Pediatric Division, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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23
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Gross N, Oldenburg S, Lawinger J, Grez M, Crenshaw TD. 421 Development of an imaging technique using clinical CT-scans to detect osteochondritic-like lesions in femoral growth plates of growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/msasas2016-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Goepfert R, Lewin J, Barrow M, Gunn G, Fuller C, Beadle B, Garden A, Rosenthal D, Kies M, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Lai S, Gross N, Schwartz D, Hutcheson K. Long-Term Patient-Reported Dysphagia in Low-Risk Oropharyngeal Carcinoma After Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Du L, Chen X, Cao Y, Lu L, Zhang F, Bornstein S, Li Y, Owens P, Malkoski S, Said S, Jin F, Kulesz-Martin M, Gross N, Wang XJ, Lu SL. Overexpression of PIK3CA in murine head and neck epithelium drives tumor invasion and metastasis through PDK1 and enhanced TGFβ signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4641-52. [PMID: 26876212 PMCID: PMC4985507 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients have a poor prognosis, with invasion and metastasis as major causes of mortality. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway regulates a wide range of cellular processes crucial for tumorigenesis, and PIK3CA amplification and mutation are among the most common genetic alterations in human HNSCC. Compared to the well-documented roles of the PI3K pathway in cell growth and survival, the roles of the PI3K pathway in tumor invasion and metastasis have not been well delineated. We generated a PIK3CA-genetically engineered mouse model (PIK3CA-GEMM) in which wildtype PIK3CA is overexpressed in head and neck epithelium. Although PIK3CA overexpression alone was not sufficient to initiate HNSCC formation, it significantly increased tumor susceptibility in an oral-carcinogenesis mouse model. PIK3CA overexpression in mouse oral epithelium increased tumor invasiveness and metastasis by increasing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and by enriching a cancer stem cell phenotype in tumor epithelial cells. In addition to these epithelial alterations, we also observed marked inflammation in tumor stroma. AKT is a central signaling mediator of the PI3K pathway. However, molecular analysis suggested that progression of PIK3CA-driven HNSCC is facilitated by PDK1 and enhanced TGFβ signaling rather than by AKT. Examination of human HNSCC clinical samples revealed that both PIK3CA and PDK1 protein levels correlated with tumor progression, highlighting the significance of this pathway. In summary, our results offer significant insight into how PIK3CA-overexpression drives HNSCC invasion and metastasis, providing a rationale for targeting PI3K/PDK1 and TGFβ signaling in advanced HNSCC patients with PIK3CA amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Fourth University Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, Liaoning, China
| | - L Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Bornstein
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P Owens
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - S Malkoski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Said
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - F Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, Liaoning, China
| | - M Kulesz-Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - N Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - X-J Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S-L Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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26
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Rosenbruch J, Walterspacher S, Scholz T, Venturini S, Gross N, Ottenbacher J, Sorichter S. Detektion schlafbezogener Atmungsstörungen – Methodenvergleich von Sättigungsanalyse und Polysomnografie. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Hutcheson K, Gunn G, Gross N, Barrow M, Kies M, Garden A, Schwartz D, Lewin J. Prospective Longitudinal Swallowing Outcomes After Chemotherapy and Split-Field IMRT for Advanced-Stage T1-2 Oropharyngeal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Gross N. VI. Die Bezugsfläche der Lösungsgeschwindigkeit für Gips. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1922.57.1.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Lagrèze W, Augustynik M, Biermann J, Gross N. Erratum für: Technik und Ergebnisse der transkonjunktivalen Entfernung orbitaler Hämangiome. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2015; 233:e1. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Lagrèze
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - M. Augustynik
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - J. Biermann
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - N. Gross
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
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30
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Lagrèze WA, Augustynik M, Biermann J, Gross N. [Technique and Results for the Transconjunctival Removal of Orbital Haemangiomas]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2015; 233:24-8. [PMID: 26167635 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1546112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cavernous haemangioma (cavernoma) is the most common orbital tumour in adults. Various surgical approaches have been described so far. We prefer a transconjunctival approach and analyse herein how our outcomes compare with those of transcutaneous or transosseous approaches. METHODS A retrospective series of 10 cases was analysed with regard to surgical success and complications. RESULTS The tumour could be completely removed in all cases. In one case, preoperative diplopia disappeared after surgery. Another case suffered from postoperative diplopia, which resolved within two months. Two cases developed a long-lasting partial tonic pupil. CONCLUSION A retrobulbar cavernoma can be safely removed via a transconjunctival approach through shrinkage by coagulation and subsequent cryoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Lagrèze
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - M Augustynik
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - J Biermann
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - N Gross
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
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31
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Mühlethaler-Mottet A, Liberman J, Ascenção K, Flahaut M, Balmas Bourloud K, Yan P, Jauquier N, Gross N, Joseph JM. The CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 Axis Is Involved in a Secondary but Complex Control of Neuroblastoma Metastatic Cell Homing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125616. [PMID: 25955316 PMCID: PMC4425663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most deadly solid tumors of the young child, for which new efficient and targeted therapies are strongly needed. The CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 chemokine axis has been involved in the progression and organ-specific dissemination of various cancers. In NB, CXCR4 expression was shown to be associated to highly aggressive undifferentiated tumors, while CXCR7 expression was detected in more differentiated and mature neuroblastic tumors. As investigated in vivo, using an orthotopic model of tumor cell implantation of chemokine receptor-overexpressing NB cells (IGR-NB8), the CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 axis was shown to regulate NB primary and secondary growth, although without any apparent influence on organ selective metastasis. In the present study, we addressed the selective role of CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors in the homing phase of metastatic dissemination using an intravenous model of tumor cell implantation. Tail vein injection into NOD-scid-gamma mice of transduced IGR-NB8 cells overexpressing CXCR4, CXCR7, or both receptors revealed that all transduced cell variants preferentially invaded the adrenal gland and typical NB metastatic target organs, such as the liver and the bone marrow. However, CXCR4 expression favored NB cell dissemination to the liver and the lungs, while CXCR7 was able to strongly promote NB cell homing to the adrenal gland and the liver. Finally, coexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors significantly and selectively increased NB dissemination toward the bone marrow. In conclusion, CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors may be involved in a complex and organ-dependent control of NB growth and selective homing, making these receptors and their inhibitors potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Mühlethaler-Mottet
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Julie Liberman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascenção
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marjorie Flahaut
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Balmas Bourloud
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pu Yan
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Jauquier
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Montavon G, Jauquier N, Coulon A, Peuchmaur M, Flahaut M, Bourloud KB, Yan P, Delattre O, Sommer L, Joseph JM, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Gross N, Mühlethaler-Mottet A. Wild-type ALK and activating ALK-R1275Q and ALK-F1174L mutations upregulate Myc and initiate tumor formation in murine neural crest progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4452-66. [PMID: 24947326 PMCID: PMC4147337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is overexpressed, mutated or amplified in most neuroblastoma (NB), a pediatric neural crest-derived embryonal tumor. The two most frequent mutations, ALK-F1174L and ALK-R1275Q, contribute to NB tumorigenesis in mouse models, and cooperate with MYCN in the oncogenic process. However, the precise role of activating ALK mutations or ALK-wt overexpression in NB tumor initiation needs further clarification. Human ALK-wt, ALK-F1174L, or ALK-R1275Q were stably expressed in murine neural crest progenitor cells (NCPC), MONC-1 or JoMa1, immortalized with v-Myc or Tamoxifen-inducible Myc-ERT, respectively. While orthotopic implantations of MONC-1 parental cells in nude mice generated various tumor types, such as NB, osteo/chondrosarcoma, and undifferentiated tumors, due to v-Myc oncogenic activity, MONC-1-ALK-F1174L cells only produced undifferentiated tumors. Furthermore, our data represent the first demonstration of ALK-wt transforming capacity, as ALK-wt expression in JoMa1 cells, likewise ALK-F1174L, or ALK-R1275Q, in absence of exogenous Myc-ERT activity, was sufficient to induce the formation of aggressive and undifferentiated neural crest cell-derived tumors, but not to drive NB development. Interestingly, JoMa1-ALK tumors and their derived cell lines upregulated Myc endogenous expression, resulting from ALK activation, and both ALK and Myc activities were necessary to confer tumorigenic properties on tumor-derived JoMa1 cells in vitro.
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33
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Chevalier N, Gross N, Widmann C. Assessment of the chemosensitizing activity of TAT-RasGAP317-326 in childhood cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120487. [PMID: 25826368 PMCID: PMC4380404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although current anti-cancer protocols are reasonably effective, treatment-associated long-term side effects, induced by lack of specificity of the anti-cancer procedures, remain a challenging problem in pediatric oncology. TAT-RasGAP317-326 is a RasGAP-derived cell-permeable peptide that acts as a sensitizer to various anti-cancer treatments in adult tumor cells. In the present study, we assessed the effect of TAT-RasGAP317-326 in several childhood cancer cell lines. The RasGAP-derived peptide-induced cell death was analyzed in several neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma and leukemia cell lines (as well as in normal lymphocytes). Cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry methods in the absence or in the presence of the peptide in combination with various genotoxins used in the clinics (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, etoposide, vincristine and doxorubicin). All tested pediatric tumors, in response to at least one genotoxin, were sensitized by TAT-RasGAP317-326. The RasGAP-derived peptide did not increase cell death of normal lymphocytes, alone or in combination with the majority of the tested chemotherapies. Consequently, TAT-RasGAP317-326 may benefit children with tumors by increasing the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies notably by allowing reductions in anti-cancer drug dosage and the associated drug-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Chevalier
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gross
- Paediatric Oncology Research Unit, University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Widmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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34
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Defferrari R, Mazzocco K, Ambros IM, Ambros PF, Bedwell C, Beiske K, Bénard J, Berbegall AP, Bown N, Combaret V, Couturier J, Erminio G, Gambini C, Garaventa A, Gross N, Haupt R, Kohler J, Jeison M, Lunec J, Marques B, Martinsson T, Noguera R, Parodi S, Schleiermacher G, Tweddle DA, Valent A, Van Roy N, Vicha A, Villamon E, Tonini GP. Influence of segmental chromosome abnormalities on survival in children over the age of 12 months with unresectable localised peripheral neuroblastic tumours without MYCN amplification. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:290-5. [PMID: 25356804 PMCID: PMC4453444 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic impact of segmental chromosome alterations (SCAs) in children older than 1 year, diagnosed with localised unresectable neuroblastoma (NB) without MYCN amplification enrolled in the European Unresectable Neuroblastoma (EUNB) protocol is still to be clarified, while, for other group of patients, the presence of SCAs is associated with poor prognosis. Methods: To understand the role of SCAs we performed multilocus/pangenomic analysis of 98 tumour samples from patients enrolled in the EUNB protocol. Results: Age at diagnosis was categorised into two groups using 18 months as the age cutoff. Significant difference in the presence of SCAs was seen in tumours of patients between 12 and 18 months and over 18 months of age at diagnosis, respectively (P=0.04). A significant correlation (P=0.03) was observed between number of SCAs per tumour and age. Event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated in both age groups, according to both the presence and number of SCAs. In older patients, a poorer survival was associated with the presence of SCAs (EFS=46% vs 75%, P=0.023; OS=66.8% vs 100%, P=0.003). Moreover, OS of older patients inversely correlated with number of SCAs (P=0.002). Finally, SCAs provided additional prognostic information beyond histoprognosis, as their presence was associated with poorer OS in patients over 18 months with unfavourable International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (INPC) histopathology (P=0.018). Conclusions: The presence of SCAs is a negative prognostic marker that impairs outcome of patients over the age of 18 months with localised unresectable NB without MYCN amplification, especially when more than one SCA is present. Moreover, in older patients with unfavourable INPC tumour histoprognosis, the presence of SCAs significantly affects OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Defferrari
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - K Mazzocco
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - I M Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - P F Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - C Bedwell
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 3 BZ, UK
| | - K Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshopitalet, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - J Bénard
- Département de Biologie et de Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - A P Berbegall
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - N Bown
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 3 BZ, UK
| | - V Combaret
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - J Couturier
- Unité de Génétique Somatique et Cytogénétique, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05 75248, France
| | - G Erminio
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Committees Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - C Gambini
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - A Garaventa
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - N Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Research Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - R Haupt
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Committees Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - J Kohler
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
| | - M Jeison
- Cancer Cytogenetique and Molecular Cytogenetique Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - J Lunec
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - B Marques
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon 1649-016, Portugal
| | - T Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg 413 45, Sweden
| | - R Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - S Parodi
- Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, National Research Council, Genova 16149, Italy
| | - G Schleiermacher
- 1] INSERM U830, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Paris Cedex 05 75248, France [2] Département d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05 75248, France
| | - D A Tweddle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A Valent
- Département de Biologie et de Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - N Van Roy
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - A Vicha
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 15008, Czech Republic
| | - E Villamon
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia 46009, Spain
| | - G P Tonini
- Laboratory of Neuroblastoma, Onco/Haematology Laboratory, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute (IRP)-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, Padova 35127, Italy
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Mühlethaler-Mottet A, Montavon G, Flahaut M, Jauquier N, Joseph JM, Delattre O, Sommer L, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Gross N. Abstract B59: Wild-type ALK and both ALK-R1275Q and ALK-F1174L activating mutations display a strong oncogenic activity in vivo in murine neural crest progenitor cells via cooperation with c-myc. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedcan-b59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), a neural crest-derived embryonal tumor, is a heterogeneous childhood malignancy that often presents as an incurable disease. The anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase gene (ALK) was shown to be overexpressed, mutated or amplified in the majority of NB. The most common mutation, ALK-F1174L displayed an efficient transforming activity in vivo, and was shown in transgenic mouse models to drive NB formation and to cooperate with MYCN in the oncogenic process. In this project, we aimed at comparing the in vivo oncogenic potential of ALK-wt, with the two most frequent activating mutations ALK-F1174L (only present in sporadic NB), and ALK-R1275Q (present in familial and sporadic NB). Our strategy included the stable expression of ALK-wt and mutated variants into murine neural crest progenitor cells (JoMa1), which are the well-recognized NB progenitors.
In vitro, only ALK-F1174L and ALK-R1275Q conferred an oncogenic potential to JoMa1 cells as measured by clonogenic assays. In contrast, in vivo experiments showed that JoMa1 cells expressing ALK-wt, as well as activating mutations ALK-R1275Q and ALK-F1174L rapidly produced highly aggressive tumors after subcutaneous or orthotopic (adrenal gland) implantations in nude mice. JoMa1-ALK-F1174L cells induced the fastest tumor growth as compared to JoMa1-ALK-R1275Q and JoMa1-ALK-wt cells, revealing the tremendous tumorigenic potential of ALK-F1174L cells. Interestingly, as a result from ALK activation, orthotopic tumors or their derived cell lines strongly upregulated c-myc expression. Moreover, specific ALK inhibition using TAE684, or c-myc inhibition with 10058-F4, completely abrogated the in vitro clonogenic capacity of tumor-derived cell lines. Such observations suggest that the tumorigenic potential of neural crest progenitor cells is strongly dependent on both ALK and c-myc activity.
Our study demonstrates for the first time an oncogenic activity of ALK-R1275Q and ALK-wt when overexpressed in neural crest cells, and reveals the complex interactions between ALK and the myc oncogene family in neural crest cell-derived tumor formation.
Citation Format: Annick Mühlethaler-Mottet, Gisèle Montavon, Marjorie Flahaut, Nicolas Jauquier, Jean-Marc Joseph, Olivier Delattre, Lukas Sommer, Isabelle Janoueix-Lerosey, Nicole Gross. Wild-type ALK and both ALK-R1275Q and ALK-F1174L activating mutations display a strong oncogenic activity in vivo in murine neural crest progenitor cells via cooperation with c-myc. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr B59.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lukas Sommer
- 3Anatomy Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Gross
- 1University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland,
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Funk MB, Gross N, Gross S, Hunfeld A, Lohmann A, Guenay S, Hanschmann KM, Keller-Stanislawski B. Thromboembolic events associated with immunoglobulin treatment. Vox Sang 2013; 105:54-64. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Funk
- Department of Safety of Medicinal Products and Medical Devices; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen; Germany
| | - N. Gross
- Department of Immunology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen; Germany
| | - S. Gross
- Department of Immunology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen; Germany
| | - A. Hunfeld
- Department of Haematology/Transfusion Medicine; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen; Germany
| | - A. Lohmann
- Department of Safety of Medicinal Products and Medical Devices; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen; Germany
| | - S. Guenay
- Department of Safety of Medicinal Products and Medical Devices; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen; Germany
| | - K. M. Hanschmann
- Department of Biostatistics; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen; Germany
| | - B. Keller-Stanislawski
- Department of Safety of Medicinal Products and Medical Devices; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen; Germany
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Confer M, McNall-Knapp R, Krishnan S, Gross N, Keole S. Proton Radiation Therapy for Pediatric Craniopharyngiomas: Initial Results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wojtalla A, Salm F, Christiansen DG, Cremona T, Cwiek P, Shalaby T, Gross N, Grotzer MA, Arcaro A. Novel agents targeting the IGF-1R/PI3K pathway impair cell proliferation and survival in subsets of medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47109. [PMID: 23056595 PMCID: PMC3466180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is fundamental for cancer cell proliferation and is known to be frequently altered and activated in neoplasia, including embryonal tumors. Based on the high frequency of alterations, targeting components of the PI3K signaling pathway is considered to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Here, we have investigated the potential of targeting the axis of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and PI3K signaling in two common cancers of childhood: neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial tumor in children and medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant childhood brain tumor. By treating neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma cells with R1507, a specific humanized monoclonal antibody against the IGF-1R, we could observe cell line-specific responses and in some cases a strong decrease in cell proliferation. In contrast, targeting the PI3K p110α with the specific inhibitor PIK75 resulted in broad anti-proliferative effects in a panel of neuro- and medulloblastoma cell lines. Additionally, sensitization to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents occurred in neuroblastoma cells upon treatment with R1507 or PIK75. Furthermore, by studying the expression and phosphorylation state of IGF-1R/PI3K downstream signaling targets we found down-regulated signaling pathway activation. In addition, apoptosis occurred in embryonal tumor cells after treatment with PIK75 or R1507. Together, our studies demonstrate the potential of targeting the IGF-1R/PI3K signaling axis in embryonal tumors. Hopefully, this knowledge will contribute to the development of urgently required new targeted therapies for embryonal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojtalla
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Salm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ditte G. Christiansen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Cremona
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Cwiek
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tarek Shalaby
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology Research, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Grotzer
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Arcaro
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Salm F, Cwiek P, Ghosal A, Lucia Buccarello A, Largey F, Wotzkow C, Höland K, Styp-Rekowska B, Djonov V, Zlobec I, Bodmer N, Gross N, Westermann F, Schäfer SC, Arcaro A. RNA interference screening identifies a novel role for autocrine fibroblast growth factor signaling in neuroblastoma chemoresistance. Oncogene 2012; 32:3944-53. [PMID: 23027129 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drug resistance is one of the major causes for treatment failure in high-risk neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extra cranial solid tumor in children. Poor prognosis is typically associated with MYCN amplification. Here, we utilized a loss-of-function kinome-wide RNA interference screen to identify genes that cause cisplatin sensitization. We identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) as an important determinant of cisplatin resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR2 confirmed the importance of this kinase in NB chemoresistance. Silencing of FGFR2 sensitized NB cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, which was regulated by the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL2 and BCLXL. Mechanistically, FGFR2 was shown to activate protein kinase C-δ to induce BCL2 expression. FGFR2, as well as the ligand fibroblast growth factor-2, were consistently expressed in primary NB and NB cell lines, indicating the presence of an autocrine loop. Expression analysis revealed that FGFR2 correlates with MYCN amplification and with advanced stage disease, demonstrating the clinical relevance of FGFR2 in NB. These findings suggest a novel role for FGFR2 in chemoresistance and provide a rational to combine pharmacological inhibitors against FGFR2 with chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Salm
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hankinson T, Fields E, Handler M, Foreman N, Liu A, Muller HL, Gebhardt U, Warmuth-Metz M, Kortmann RD, Faldum A, Pietsch T, Sorensen N, Calaminus G, Muller HL, Gebhardt U, Maroske J, Hanisch E, Muller HL, Gebhardt U, Pohl F, Kortmann RD, Faldum A, Warmuth-Metz M, Pietsch T, Calaminus G, Sorensen N, Muller HL, Enriori PJ, Gebhardt U, Hinney A, Hebebrandt J, Reinehr T, Cowley M, Roth C, Rosenfeld A, Arrington D, Etzl M, Miller J, Gieseking A, Dvorchik I, Kaplan A, Jakacki R, Yeung J, Panigrahy A, Pollack I, Mallucci C, Pizer B, Didi M, Blair J, Upadrasta S, Doss A, Avula S, Pettorini B, Alapetite C, Puget S, Ruffier A, Habrand JL, Bolle S, Noel G, Nauraye C, De Marzy L, Boddaert N, Brisse H, Sainte-Rose C, Zerah M, Boetto S, Laffond C, Chevignard M, Grill J, Doz F, Jalali R, Gupta T, Goswami S, Shah N, Golambade N, Ikazoboh EC, Dattani M, Spoudeas H, Confer M, McNall-Knapp R, Krishnan S, Gross N, Keole S, Ormandy D, Alston R, Kamaly-Asl I, Gattamaneni R, Birch J, Estlin E, Kiehna E, Laws E, Oldfield E, Jane J. CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Torres L, Skidmore S, Gross N. Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Differences in Standards and Practice between Licensed and Board-Certified Psychologists. Psychol Inj and Law 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-012-9118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Morillo DS, Gross N, León A, Crespo LF. Automated frequency domain analysis of oxygen saturation as a screening tool for SAHS. Med Eng Phys 2011; 34:946-53. [PMID: 22137675 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is significantly underdiagnosed and new screening systems are needed. The analysis of oxygen desaturation has been proposed as a screening method. However, when oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) is used as a standalone single channel device, algorithms working in time domain achieve either a high sensitivity or a high specificity, but not usually both. This limitation arises from the dependence of time-domain analysis on absolute SpO(2) values and the lack of standardized thresholds defined as pathological. The aim of this study is to assess the degree of concordance between SAHS screening using offline frequency domain processing of SpO(2) signals and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and the diagnostic performance of such a new method. SpO(2) signals from 115 subjects were analyzed. Data were divided in a training data set (37) and a test set (78). Power spectral density was calculated and related to the desaturation index scored by physicians. A frequency desaturation index (FDI) was then estimated and its accuracy compared to the classical desaturation index and to the apnea-hypopnea index. The findings point to a high diagnostic agreement: the best sensitivity and specificity values obtained were 83.33% and 80.44%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method does not rely on absolute SpO(2) values and is highly robust to artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sánchez Morillo
- Universidad de Cádiz-Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Dpto. de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, C/Chile s/n, CP 11002 Cádiz, Spain.
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Mühlethaler-Mottet A, Flahaut M, Bourloud KB, Nardou K, Coulon A, Liberman J, Thome M, Gross N. Individual caspase-10 isoforms play distinct and opposing roles in the initiation of death receptor-mediated tumour cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e125. [PMID: 21368896 PMCID: PMC3101821 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cysteine protease caspase-8 is an essential executioner of the death receptor (DR) apoptotic pathway. The physiological function of its homologue caspase-10 remains poorly understood, and the ability of caspase-10 to substitute for caspase-8 in the DR apoptotic pathway is still controversial. Here, we analysed the particular contribution of caspase-10 isoforms to DR-mediated apoptosis in neuroblastoma (NB) cells characterised by their resistance to DR signalling. Silencing of caspase-8 in tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-sensitive NB cells resulted in complete resistance to TRAIL, which could be reverted by overexpression of caspase-10A or -10D. Overexpression experiments in various caspase-8-expressing tumour cells also demonstrated that caspase-10A and -10D isoforms strongly increased TRAIL and FasL sensitivity, whereas caspase-10B or -10G had no effect or were weakly anti-apoptotic. Further investigations revealed that the unique C-terminal end of caspase-10B was responsible for its degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and for its lack of pro-apoptotic activity compared with caspase-10A and -10D. These data highlight in several tumour cell types, a differential pro- or anti-apoptotic role for the distinct caspase-10 isoforms in DR signalling, which may be relevant for fine tuning of apoptosis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mühlethaler-Mottet
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Oncology Research, University Hospital CHUV, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ambros IM, Brunner B, Aigner G, Bedwell C, Beiske K, Bénard J, Bown N, Combaret V, Couturier J, Defferrari R, Gross N, Jeison M, Lunec J, Marques B, Martinsson T, Mazzocco K, Noguera R, Schleiermacher G, Speleman F, Stallings R, Tonini GP, Tweddle DA, Valent A, Vicha A, Roy NV, Villamon E, Ziegler A, Preuner S, Drobics M, Ladenstein R, Amann G, Schuit RJ, Pötschger U, Ambros PF. A Multilocus Technique for Risk Evaluation of Patients with Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:792-804. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Combaret V, Hogarty MD, London WB, McGrady P, Iacono I, Brejon S, Swerts K, Noguera R, Gross N, Rousseau R, Puisieux A. Influence of neuroblastoma stage on serum-based detection of MYCN amplification. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:329-31. [PMID: 19301388 PMCID: PMC2857568 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYCN oncogene amplification has been defined as the most important prognostic factor for neuroblastoma (NB), the most common solid extracranial neoplasm in children. High copy numbers are strongly associated with rapid tumor progression and poor outcome, independently of tumor stage or patient age, and this has become an important factor in treatment stratification. PROCEDURE By real-time quantitative PCR analysis, we evaluated the clinical relevance of circulating MYCN DNA of 267 patients with locoregional or metastatic NB in children less than 18 months of age. RESULTS For patients in this age group with INSS stage 4 or 4S NB and stage 3 patients, serum-based determination of MYCN DNA sequences had good sensitivity (85%, 83%, and 75% respectively) and high specificity (100%) when compared to direct tumor gene determination. In contrast, the approach showed low sensitivity patients with stages 1 and 2 disease. CONCLUSION Our results show that the sensitivity of the serum-based MYCN DNA sequence determination depends on the stage of the disease. However, this simple, reproducible assay may represent a reasonably sensitive and very specific tool to assess tumor MYCN status in cases with stage 3 and metastatic disease for whom a wait and see strategy is often recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Combaret
- Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, Lyon, France.
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
| | - Wendy B London
- Children's Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick McGrady
- Children's Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Isabelle Iacono
- Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Stephanie Brejon
- Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Katrien Swerts
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicole Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Research, Pediatric Department, University Hospital CHUV-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Rousseau
- INSERM, U590, Lyon, F-69008, France,Institut d’Hématologie-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, F-69008, France,Université de Lyon, université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, Lyon, F-69008, France,INSERM, U590, Lyon, F-69008, France,Université de Lyon, université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France
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Morillo DS, Rojas JL, Crespo LF, León A, Gross N. Poincaré analysis of an overnight arterial oxygen saturation signal applied to the diagnosis of sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Physiol Meas 2009; 30:405-20. [PMID: 19332895 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/30/4/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of oxygen desaturations is a basic variable in polysomnographic studies for the diagnosis of sleep apnea. Several algorithms operating in the time domain already exist for sleep apnea detection via pulse oximetry, but in a disadvantageous way--they achieve either a high sensitivity or a high specificity. The aim of this study was to assess whether an alternative analysis of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) signals from overnight pulse oximetry could yield essential information on the diagnosis of sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). SaO2 signals from 117 subjects were analyzed. The population was divided into a learning dataset (70 patients) and a test set (47 patients). The learning set was used for tuning thresholds among the applied Poincaré quantitative descriptors. Results showed that the presence of apnea events in SAHS patients caused an increase in the SD1 Poincaré parameter. This conclusion was assessed prospectively using the test dataset. 90.9% sensitivity and 84.0% specificity were obtained in the test group. We conclude that Poincaré analysis could be useful in the study of SAHS, contributing to reduce the demand for polysomnographic studies in SAHS screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Morillo
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Researching Group (IBT), University of Cádiz, and Pneumology Department of Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
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Raguénez G, Mühlethaler-Mottet A, Meier R, Duros C, Bénard J, Gross N. Fenretinide-induced caspase-8 activation and apoptosis in an established model of metastatic neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:97. [PMID: 19331667 PMCID: PMC2670318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance of high-risk metastatic neuroblastoma (HR-NB) to high dose chemotherapy (HD-CT) raises a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric oncology. Patients are treated by maintenance CT. For some patients, an adjuvant retinoid therapy is proposed, such as the synthetic retinoid fenretinide (4-HPR), an apoptotic inducer. Recent studies demonstrated that NB metastasis process is enhanced by the loss of caspase-8 involved in the Integrin-Mediated Death (IMD) process. As the role of caspase-8 appears to be critical in preventing metastasis, we aimed at studying the effect of 4-HPR on caspase-8 expression in metastatic neuroblasts. METHODS We used the human IGR-N-91 MYCN-amplified NB experimental model, able to disseminate in vivo from the primary nude mouse tumor xenograft (PTX) into myocardium (Myoc) and bone marrow (BM) of the animal. NB cell lines, i.e., IGR-N-91 and SH-EP, were treated with various doses of Fenretinide (4-HPR), then cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTS proliferation assay, apoptosis by the propidium staining method, gene or protein expressions by RT-PCR and immunoblotting and caspases activity by colorimetric protease assays. RESULTS The IGR-N-91 parental cells do not express detectable caspase-8. However the PTX cells established from the primary tumor in the mouse, are caspase-8 positive. In contrast, metastatic BM and Myoc cells show a clear down-regulation of the caspase-8 expression. In parallel, the caspases -3, -9, -10, Bcl-2, or Bax expressions were unchanged. Our data show that in BM, compared to PTX cells, 4-HPR up-regulates caspase-8 expression that parallels a higher sensitivity to apoptotic cell death. Stable caspase-8-silenced SH-EP cells appear more resistant to 4-HPR-induced cell death compared to control SH-EP cells. Moreover, 4-HPR synergizes with drugs since apoptosis is restored in VP16- or TRAIL-resistant-BM cells. These results demonstrate that 4-HPR in up-regulating caspase-8 expression, restores and induces apoptotic cell death in metastatic neuroblasts through caspase-8 activation. CONCLUSION This study provides basic clues for using fenretinide in clinical treatment of HR-NB patients. Moreover, since 4-HPR induces cell death in caspase-8 negative NB, it also challenges the concept of including 4-HPR in the induction of CT of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Raguénez
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8126, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 54, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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Meier R, Gross N. Chemokines in neuroectodermal tumors: and now for something completely different. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:67. [PMID: 19013528 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gross N, Meier R. Chemokines in neuroectodermal cancers: the crucial growth signal from the soil. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:103-10. [PMID: 19015030 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although chemokines and their receptors were initially identified as regulators of cell trafficking during inflammation and immune response, they have emerged as crucial players in all stages of tumor development, primary growth, migration, angiogenesis, and establishment as metastases in distant target organs. Neuroectodermal tumors regroup neoplasms originating from the embryonic neural crest cells, which display clinical and biological similarities. These tumors are highly malignant and rapidly progressing diseases that disseminate to similar target organs such as bone marrow, bone, liver and lungs. There is increasing evidence that interaction of several chemokine receptors with corresponding chemokine ligands are implicated in the growth and invasive characteristics of these tumors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of CXCL12 chemokine and its CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors in the progression and survival of neuroectodermal tumors, with particular emphasis on neuroblastoma, the most typical and enigmatic neuroectodermal childhood tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Research, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Mühlethaler-Mottet A, Meier R, Flahaut M, Bourloud KB, Nardou K, Joseph JM, Gross N. Complex molecular mechanisms cooperate to mediate histone deacetylase inhibitors anti-tumour activity in neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:55. [PMID: 18549473 PMCID: PMC2442609 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a new class of promising anti-tumour agent inhibiting cell proliferation and survival in tumour cells with very low toxicity toward normal cells. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the second most common solid tumour in children still associated with poor outcome in higher stages and, thus NB strongly requires novel treatment modalities. Results We show here that the HDACi Sodium Butyrate (NaB), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and Trichostatin A (TSA) strongly reduce NB cells viability. The anti-tumour activity of these HDACi involved the induction of cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, followed by the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, via the activation of the caspases cascade. Moreover, HDACi mediated the activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bid and BimEL and the inactivation of the anti-apoptotic proteins XIAP, Bcl-xL, RIP and survivin, that further enhanced the apoptotic signal. Interestingly, the activity of these apoptosis regulators was modulated by several different mechanisms, either by caspases dependent proteolytic cleavage or by degradation via the proteasome pathway. In addition, HDACi strongly impaired the hypoxia-induced secretion of VEGF by NB cells. Conclusion HDACi are therefore interesting new anti-tumour agents for targeting highly malignant tumours such as NB, as these agents display a strong toxicity toward aggressive NB cells and they may possibly reduce angiogenesis by decreasing VEGF production by NB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Mühlethaler-Mottet
- Paediatric Oncology Research, Paediatric Department, University Hospital CHUV, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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