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Tomczyk MD, Kuźnik N, Walczak K. Cyclen-based artificial nucleases: Three decades of development (1989–2022). Part a – Hydrolysis of phosphate esters. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Rakoczy-Lelek R, Czernicka M, Ptaszek M, Jarecka-Boncela A, Furmanczyk EM, Kęska-Izworska K, Grzanka M, Skoczylas Ł, Kuźnik N, Smoleń S, Macko-Podgórni A, Gąska K, Chałańska A, Ambroziak K, Kardasz H. Transcriptome Dynamics Underlying Planticine®-Induced Defense Responses of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to Biotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076494. [PMID: 37047467 PMCID: PMC10095179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of natural defense mechanisms in plants is considered to be one of the most important strategies used in integrated pest management (IPM). Plant immune inducers could reduce the use of chemicals for plant protection and their harmful impacts on the environment. Planticine® is a natural plant defense biostimulant based on oligomers of α(1→4)-linked D-galacturonic acids, which are biodegradable and nontoxic. The aim of this study was to define the molecular basis of Planticine’s biological activity and the efficacy of its use as a natural plant resistance inducer in greenhouse conditions. Three independent experiments with foliar application of Planticine® were carried out. The first experiment in a climatic chamber (control environment, no pest pressure) subjected the leaves to RNA-seq analysis, and the second and third experiments in greenhouse conditions focused on efficacy after a pest infestation. The result was the RNA sequencing of six transcriptome libraries of tomatoes treated with Planticine® and untreated plants; a total of 3089 genes were found to be differentially expressed genes (DEGs); among them, 1760 and 1329 were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. DEG analysis indicated its involvement in such metabolic pathways and processes as plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, photosynthesis, and regulation of transcription. We detected up-regulated gene-encoded elicitor and effector recognition receptors (ELRR and ERR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) genes, and transcription factors (TFs), i.e., WRKY, ERF, MYB, NAC, bZIP, pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs), and resistance-related metabolite (RRMs) genes. In the greenhouse trials, foliar application of Planticine® proved to be effective in reducing the infestation of tomato leaves by the biotrophic pathogen powdery mildew and in reducing feeding by thrips, which are insect herbivores. Prophylactic and intervention use of Planticine® at low infestation levels allows the activation of plant defense mechanisms.
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Tomczyk MM, Minoshima M, Kikuchi K, Blacha-Grzechnik A, Starosolski Z, Bhavane R, Zalewski M, Kuźnik N. Hybrid, dual visible and near-infrared fluorescence emission of (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes modified with fluorescein through aryl diazonium salt chemistry. Nanotechnology 2022; 34:055703. [PMID: 36278289 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9c6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aryl diazonium salt chemistry offers enhancement of near-infrared (NIR) emission of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), although, the attachment of functional molecules which could bring hybrid properties through the process is underdeveloped. In this work, we utilize aryl diazonium salt of fluorescein to createsp3defects on (6,5) SWCNTs. We study the influence of pH on the grafting process identifying that pH 5-6 is necessary for a successful reaction. The fluorescein-modified (6,5) SWCNTs (F-(6,5) SWCNTs) exhibit red-shiftedE11* emission in the NIR region attributed to luminescentsp3defects, but also visible (Vis) fluorescence at 515 nm from surface-attached fluorescein molecules. The fluorescence in both Vis and NIR regions of F-(6,5) SWCNTs exhibit strong pH-dependency associated with the dissociation of fluorescein molecules with an indication of photoinduced-electron transfer quenching the Vis emission of fluorescein dianion. The F-(6,5) SWCNTs could potentially be used for dual-channel medical imaging as indicated by our preliminary experiments. We hope that our research will encourage new, bold modifications of SWCNTs with functional molecules introducing new, unique hybrid properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Michał Tomczyk
- Division of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ul. M. Strzody 9, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Agata Blacha-Grzechnik
- Division of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ul. M. Strzody 9, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Starosolski
- Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 850, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Rohan Bhavane
- Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 850, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Mariusz Zalewski
- Division of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ul. M. Strzody 9, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Division of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ul. M. Strzody 9, Gliwice, Poland
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Kastelik-Hryniewiecka A, Jewula P, Bakalorz K, Kramer-Marek G, Kuźnik N. Targeted PET/MRI Imaging Super Probes: A Critical Review of Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 16:8465-8483. [PMID: 35002239 PMCID: PMC8733213 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s336299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the demand for hybrid PET/MRI imaging techniques has increased significantly, which has sparked the investigation into new ways to simultaneously track multiple molecular targets and improve the localization and expression of biochemical markers. Multimodal imaging probes have recently emerged as powerful tools for improving the detection sensitivity and accuracy-both important factors in disease diagnosis and treatment; however, only a limited number of bimodal probes have been investigated in preclinical models. Herein, we briefly describe the strengths and limitations of PET and MRI modalities and highlight the need for the development of multimodal molecularly-targeted agents. We have tried to thoroughly summarize data on bimodal probes available on PubMed. Emphasis was placed on their design, safety profiles, pharmacokinetics, and clearance properties. The challenges in PET/MR probe development using a number of illustrative examples are also discussed, along with future research directions for these novel conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kastelik-Hryniewiecka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gliwice, Poland
- Radiopharmacy and Preclinical PET Imaging Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Pawel Jewula
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Bakalorz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Radiopharmacy and Preclinical PET Imaging Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gliwice, Poland
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Wyskocka-Gajda M, Przypis Ł, Olesiejuk M, Krawczyk T, Kuźnik A, Nawara K, Minoshima M, Sugihara F, Kikuchi K, Kuźnik N. A step towards gadolinium-free bioresponsive MRI contrast agent. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113086. [PMID: 33348236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The last 30 years of gadolinium-based "static" MRI contrast agents motivated to investigate bioresponsive agents with endogenous paramagnets. Iron(III) chelated by N,O-aminophenol skeleton of high versatility, and tuning potential was studied. The two-step convenient route of the ligand is characterized by high selectivity and allows for building a tunable chelate system. Functionalization with galactose endows a bioresponsive character sensitive to the enzyme activity. Direct relaxometric measurements of the resulting complexes revealed extremely high relaxivity of 5.62 mmol/dm3·s-1 comparable to classic gadolinium complexes. Enzymatic hydrolysis leads to relaxivity change by over 80%. Phantom MRI studies prove the bioresponsive character by contras percentage change within the range 40-275%. Cytotoxicity studies showed 70-90% viability of HeLa cells of the iron complexes. Proposed iron-based chelates with galactosidase-sensitive fragment express unequivocal relaxivity and MRI contras change and good biocompatibility. Therefore, these complexes are a promising step towards modern, bioresponsive MRI contrast agents with a "human-friendly" metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wyskocka-Gajda
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Przypis
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Olesiejuk
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Kuźnik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nawara
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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Tomczyk MM, Boncel S, Herman A, Krawczyk T, Jakóbik-Kolon A, Pawlyta M, Krzywiecki M, Chrobak A, Minoshima M, Sugihara F, Kikuchi K, Kuźnik N. Oxygen Functional Groups on MWCNT Surface as Critical Factor Boosting T2 Relaxation Rate of Water Protons: Towards Improved CNT-Based Contrast Agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7433-7450. [PMID: 33116480 PMCID: PMC7547780 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s257230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Salicyl (Sal) – among other oxygen functionalities – multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their nanohybrids are investigated as promising contrast agents (CA) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or drug delivery platforms, due to their unique properties. The preliminary results and the literature reports were the motivation to endow high r2 relaxivities, excellent dispersibility in water, and biocompatibility to superparamagnetic MWCNTs nanohybrids. It was hypothesized that these goals could be achieved by, not described in the literature yet, two-stage oxygen functionalization of MWCNTs. Results Two structurally different MWCNT materials differing in diameters (44 and 12 nm) and the iron content (4.7% and 0.5%) are studied toward the functionalization effect on the T2 relaxometric properties. MWCNT oxidation is typically the first step of functionalization resulting in “first generation” oxygen functional groups (OFGs) on the surface. Until now, the impact of OFGs on the relaxivity of MWCNT was not truly recognized, but this study sheds light on this issue. By follow-up functionalization of oxidized MWCNT with 4-azidosalicylic acid through [2+1] cycloaddition of the corresponding nitrene, “second generation” of oxygen functional groups is grafted onto the nanohybrid, ie, Sal functionality. Conclusion The introduced OFGs are responsible for an almost 30% increase in the relaxivity, which leads to remarkable r2 relaxivity of 951 mM−1s−1 (419 (mg/mL)−1s−1), the unprecedented value reported to date for this class of CAs. Also, the resulting nanohybrids express low cytotoxicity and superb diffusion after subcutaneous injection to a mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Artur Herman
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Mirosława Pawlyta
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Institute of Physics - Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Artur Chrobak
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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Bakalorz K, Przypis Ł, Tomczyk MM, Książek M, Grzesik R, Kuźnik N. Unprecedented Water Effect as a Key Element in Salicyl-Glycine Schiff Base Synthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051257. [PMID: 32164384 PMCID: PMC7179422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Salens, as chelating, double Schiff base ligands, are an important group utilized in transition metal catalysis. They have been used to build interesting functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). However, salens interacting with amino acids have also found applications in receptors. Here, we intended to form a “green” glycine-derived salen fragment, but the available literature data were contradictory. Therefore, we optimized the synthetic conditions and obtained the desired product as two different crystallographic polymorphs (orthorhombic Pcca and monoclinic P21/c space groups). Their structures differ in conformation at the glycine moiety, and the monoclinic form contains additional, disordered water molecules. Despite the high stability of Schiff bases, these newly obtained compounds hydrolyze in aqueous media, the process being accelerated by metal cations. These studies, accompanied by mechanistic considerations and solid-state moisture and thermal analysis, clarify the structure and behavior of this amino acid Schiff base and shed new light on the role of water in its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bakalorz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.B.); (Ł.P.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Łukasz Przypis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.B.); (Ł.P.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Mateusz Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.B.); (Ł.P.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Maria Książek
- Department of Physics of Crystals, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Grzesik
- Department of Research and Innovations, Grupa Azoty ZAK S.A. Mostowa 30 A, 47-220 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.B.); (Ł.P.); (M.M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-694-220-077
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Kuźnik A, Październiok-Holewa A, Jewula P, Kuźnik N. Bisphosphonates-much more than only drugs for bone diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172773. [PMID: 31705903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
α,α-Bisphosphonates (BPs) are well established in the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Their successful application originates from their high affinity to hydroxyapatite. While the initially appreciated features of BPs are already beneficial to many patients, recent developments have further expanded their pleiotropic applications. This review describes the background of the interactions of BPs with bone cells that form the basis of the classical treatment. A better understanding of the mechanism behind their interactions allows for the parallel application of BPs against bone cancer and metastases followed by palliative pain relief. Targeted therapy with bone-seeking BPs coupled with a diagnostic agent in one particle resulted in theranostics which is also described here. For example, in such a system, BP moieties are bound to contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging or radionuclides used in positron emission tomography. In addition, another example of the pleiotropic function of BPs which involves targeting the imaging agents to bone tissues accompanied by pain reduction is presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kuźnik
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Październiok-Holewa
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Pawel Jewula
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612-00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
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Kuźnik N, Wyskocka M, Jarosz M, Oczek L, Goraus S, Komor R, Krawczyk T, Kempka M. Amino-phenol complexes of Fe(III) as promising T1 accelerators. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Krompiec S, Marcol B, Zych D, Kurpanik A, Danikiewicz W, Matussek M, Kuźnik N. Crown Ether Base: Highly Active, Regioselective and Reusable Catalytic Systems for Double Bond Migration in Allylic Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Krompiec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Beata Marcol
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Dawid Zych
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Aneta Kurpanik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warszawa Poland
| | - Marek Matussek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Faculty of Chemistry; Silesia University of Technology; Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland
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Wróblowska M, Kudelko A, Kuźnik N, Łaba K, Łapkowski M. Synthesis of Extended 1,3,4-Oxadiazole and 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives in the Suzuki Cross-coupling Reactions. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wróblowska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry; The Silesian University of Technology; Krzywoustego 4 PL-44100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kudelko
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry; The Silesian University of Technology; Krzywoustego 4 PL-44100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology; The Silesian University of Technology; Krzywoustego 4 PL-44100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Katarzyna Łaba
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; The Silesian University of Technology; Strzody 9 PL-44100 Gliwice Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials of the Polish Academy of Sciences; M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 PL-41819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; The Silesian University of Technology; Strzody 9 PL-44100 Gliwice Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials of the Polish Academy of Sciences; M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 PL-41819 Zabrze Poland
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Jasiak K, Kudelko A, Zieliński W, Kuźnik N. Study on DDQ-promoted synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from acid hydrazides and aldehydes. ARKIVOC 2016. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.p009.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine the redox activity of iron (ethylenebis[2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine]) (EHPG) and (ethylenebis[2-(o-hydroxybenzyl)glycine]) (EHBG) (N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid) derivative complexes and of some N,O-salan complexes of iron. The hexadentate chelate (EHPG and EHBG) ligands varied in their substituents (polar OMe, NHAc, or lipophilic Ph), while the latter had different charge and lipophilicity. The low redox activity of these complexes is important in their potential applications as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. METHODS Redox activity was assessed in the entire Haber-Weiss cycle and separately in the Fenton reaction. The spin-trapping method with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide monitored in electron paramagnetic resonance was used. The standard Mn marker was applied as a reference for quantitative analysis. Additionally, ascorbate oxidation was analyzed with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. RESULTS Both the Haber-Weiss cycle and in particular the Fenton reaction showed low redox activity of the studied complexes, which did not exceed 30% of [Fe(EDTA)]- or FeCl3 activity. The N,O-salan complexes expressed even lower activity, i.e. 10-20% activity of [Fe(EDTA)]-. DISCUSSION For the EHPG and EHBG complexes, it is likely that hydrophobicity and the possibility of H-bond formation play a major role in the resulting redox effects. For this reason, chelates equipped with phenyl groups in the majority belong to less redox-active complexes. For N,O-salan complexes, activity is not correlated with the charge of the coordination sphere, but again, the highly hydrophobic character of the groups and the non-pendant substituents capable of H-bonding that are present in these ligands limit the affinity of hydrophilic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikodem Kuźnik
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Silesian University of Technology , M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice , Poland
| | - Urszula Chmielniak
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Silesian University of Technology , M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice , Poland
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Kuźnik N, Tomczyk MM. Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2016; 7:1086-103. [PMID: 27547627 PMCID: PMC4979685 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most commonly used tomography techniques in medical diagnosis due to the non-invasive character, the high spatial resolution and the possibility of soft tissue imaging. Contrast agents, such as gadolinium complexes and superparamagnetic iron oxides, are administered to spotlight certain organs and their pathologies. Many new models have been proposed that reduce side effects and required doses of these already clinically approved contrast agents. These new candidates often possess additional functionalities, e.g., the possibility of bioactivation upon action of particular stimuli, thus serving as smart molecular probes, or the coupling with therapeutic agents and therefore combining both a diagnostic and therapeutic role. Nanomaterials have been found to be an excellent scaffold for contrast agents, among which carbon nanotubes offer vast possibilities. The morphology of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), their magnetic and electronic properties, the possibility of different functionalization and the potential to penetrate cell membranes result in a unique and very attractive candidate for a new MRI contrast agent. In this review we describe the different issues connected with MWCNT hybrids designed for MRI contrast agents, i.e., their synthesis and magnetic and dispersion properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo behavior, which is important for diagnostic purposes. An introduction to MRI contrast agent theory is elaborated here in order to point to the specific expectations regarding nanomaterials. Finally, we propose a promising, general model of MWCNTs as MRI contrast agent candidates based on the studies presented here and supported by appropriate theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikodem Kuźnik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Michał Tomczyk
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Kuźnik N, Wyskocka M. Iron(III) Contrast Agent Candidates for MRI: a Survey of the Structure-Effect Relationship in the Last 15 Years of Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kuźnik N, Tomczyk MM, Wyskocka M, Przypis Ł, Herman AP, Jędrysiak R, Koziol KK, Boncel S. Amalgamation of complex iron(III) ions and iron nanoclusters with MWCNTs as a route to potential T2 MRI contrast agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3581-91. [PMID: 25999719 PMCID: PMC4437606 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s81381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-filled multiwall carbon nanotubes (Fe@MWCNTs) were functionalized toward a variety of potential magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Oxidized Fe@MWNCTs were covered with PEG5000 via direct esterification or using acyl chloride derivatives. Alternatively, the latter were functionalized with an aminophenol ligand (Fe@O-MWCNT-L). Moreover, pristine Fe@MWCNTs were functionalized with N-phenylaziridine groups (Fe@f-MWCNT) via [2+1] cycloaddition of nitrene. All of these chemically modified nanotubes served as a vehicle for anchoring Fe3+ ions. The new hybrids – Fe(III)/Fe@(f-/O-)MWCNTs – containing 6%–14% of the “tethered” Fe3+ions were studied in terms of the acceleration of relaxation of water protons in nuclear magnetic resonance. The highest transverse relaxivity r2=63.9±0.9 mL mg−1 s−1 was recorded for Fe(III)/Fe@O-MWCNT-L, while for Fe(III)/Fe@f-MWCNT, with r2=57.9±2.9 mL mg−1 s−1, the highest impact of the anchored Fe(III) ions was observed. The T1/T2 ratio of 30–100 found for all of the nanotube hybrids presented in this work is a very important factor for their potential application as T2 contrast agents. Increased stability of the hybrids was confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikodem Kuźnik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz M Tomczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marzena Wyskocka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Przypis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Artur P Herman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Rafał Jędrysiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof K Koziol
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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Szczepankiewicz W, Kuźnik N. Synthesis of 3-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-imines from 2-amino-N′-arylbenzamidines and triethyl orthoformate. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Szczepankiewicz W, Kuźnik N, Boncel S, Siewniak A. Unexpected Formation of 2-Acetyl-3-Aryl-2-Methyl-2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-Ones in the Reaction of 2-Amino-N'-Arylbenzamidines with Butanedione. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kuźnik N, Szafraniec-Gorol G, Oczek L, Grucela A, Jewuła P, Kuźnik A, Zassowski P, Domagala W. A study on the synthesis and properties of substituted EHBG-Fe(III) complexes as potential MRI contrast agents. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Komor K, Szeja W, Bieg T, Kuźnik N, Pastuch-Gawołek G, Komor R. An approach for disaccharide chiron synthesis using a Ferrier-type rearrangement. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kuźnik N, Jewuła P, Oczek L, Kozłowicz S, Grucela A, Domagała W. EHPG iron(III) complexes as potential contrast contrast agents for MRI. Acta Chim Slov 2014; 61:87-93. [PMID: 24664331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of EHPG ligands and complexes were obtained. The derivatives of choice were p-OMe, 3,4-dimethyl, p-NHAc and p-Ph substituted ones. The complexes were characterized by NMR relaxation decay (T1), EPR and cyclic voltammetry (CV). r1 Relaxivity of the Fe-EHPG-OMe, Fe-EHPG-Ph derivatives was found higher than that of Fe-EHPG. EPR measurements at liquid nitrogen temperature indicate a typical rhombohedral structure for both rac- and meso-diastereoisomers of the EHPG complexes. CV revealed the redox inactivity of the Fe-EHPG complexes at physiological conditions. Interpretation and discussion of the results is presented.
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Kurpet MK, Dąbrowska A, Jarosz MM, Kajewska-Kania K, Kuźnik N, Suwiński JW. Coupling of C-nitro-NH-azoles with arylboronic acids. A route to N-aryl-C-nitroazoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1517-25. [PMID: 23946851 PMCID: PMC3740504 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of N-aryl-C-nitroazoles is presented. A coupling reaction between variously substituted arylboronic acids and 3(5)-nitro-1H-pyrazole catalyzed by copper salt has been carried out in methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide to afford the desired N-aryl-C-nitroazoles in good yields. This synthetic route has also been successfully applied to obtain N-phenyl derivatives of 4-nitropyrazole, 2-nitroimidazole, 4(5)-nitroimidazole and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K Kurpet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Szeja
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Pastuch
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice, Poland
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice, Poland
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Krompiec S, Kuźnik N, Krompiec M, Penczek R, Mrzigod J, Tórz A. The role of the functional group in double bond migration in allylic systems catalysed by ruthenium hydride complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Krompiec S, Pigulla M, Kuźnik N, Krompiec M, Marciniec B, Chadyniak D, Kasperczyk J. Highly selective isomerization of N-allylamides catalyzed by ruthenium and rhodium complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mazurkiewicz R, Kuźnik A, Grymel M, Kuźnik N. 1H NMR spectroscopic criteria for the configuration of N-acyl-alpha,beta-dehydro-alpha-amino acid esters. Magn Reson Chem 2005; 43:36-40. [PMID: 15478210 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic values of the following three spectral criteria for the configuration of N-acyl-alpha,beta-dehydro-alpha-amino acid esters were examined: (i) the proton at the beta-position at the double bond of a Z-isomer is shielded if compared with the respective E-isomer (delta(beta)Z < delta(beta)E); (ii) the proton at the nitrogen atom is shielded in a Z-isomer in comparison with the corresponding E-isomer (delta(NH)Z < delta(NH)E); and (iii) changing of the solvent from CDCl3 to deuterated trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) causes shielding of the H(beta) vinylic proton of an E-isomer or deshielding of the respective proton of the Z-isomer (delta(CDCl3)E > delta(TFA)E or delta(CDCl3)Z < delta(TFA)Z). The investigations were based on a set of 22 (Z)- and (E)-N-acyl-alpha,beta-dehydro-alpha-amino acid esters of diverse structures, with aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents at the vinylic beta-carbon; most of the examined compounds were hitherto unknown. The application of the substituent effect additivity rule given by Pascual et al. for olefinic protons leads to evidently erroneous configuration assignments of N-acyl-alpha,beta-dehydro-alpha-amino acid esters. The considered criteria were fulfilled for all the examined cases with one exception [the second criterion for the alpha-pivaloylamino-beta-(2-furyl)acrylates]. The comparison of changes in the chemical shifts of H(beta) vinylic protons in CDCl3 and deuterated TFA seems to be the most reliable and useful configuration criterion, as it can be used in the case of a single isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland.
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Krompiec S, Kuźnik N, Penczek R, Rzepa J, Mrowiec-Białoń J. Isomerization of allyl aryl ethers to their 1-propenyl derivatives catalysed by ruthenium complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mazurkiewicz R, Kuźnik A, Grymel M, Kuźnik N. N-Acyl-α-triphenylphosphonioglycinates in the Synthesis of α,β-Dehydro-α-amino Acid Derivatives. Monatshefte für Chemie 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-003-0167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kuźnik N, Urbala M, Krompiec S, Rzepa J. Highly Selective Isomerization of Allyloxyalcohols to Cyclic Acetals or 1-Propenyloxyalcohols. Synlett 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-825597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kuźnik N, Zawadiak J, Gilner D, Wieckol A, Wagner P, Kubicki M. 1,4-Bis[(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)peroxymethyl]benzene. Acta Crystallogr C 2002; 58:o549-50. [PMID: 12205384 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270102012945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2002] [Accepted: 07/17/2002] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C(26)H(30)O(4), is one of the first alkyl bis-peroxides to be structurally characterized. The molecule lies on a centre of inversion and therefore the terminal phenyl rings are parallel. Although there are three aromatic rings in the molecule, the C-O-O-C torsion angle of 163.10 (10) degrees is close to the value found in Me(3)COOCMe(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikodem Kuźnik
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Electrochemistry, Chemistry Department, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
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