The Anti-inflammatory Role of Curcumin in Osteoarthritis: An Overview of Molecular and Radiologic Changes

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, causing pain and progressive disability in millions of people worldwide. The commonly prescribed medications for OA, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, have many side effects which has led the scientists to consider safer drugs as an alternative. Therapeutic effects of Curcumin on OA are increasingly declared, and its various aspects in suppressing inflammation and reducing the disease progression are examined more thoroughly. This study aims to discuss curcumin and OA to help scientists working in these fields. In this brief review, we took a look at OA pathogenesis, the role of the immune system, and the biomarkers involved in the onset and progression of the disease. We focused on available data on the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of treatment by curcumin on OA.

Extracellular micro/nanovesicles rescue kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a clinical challenge that is highly resistant to treatment, and its high rate of mortality is alarming. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of ARF. Especially IRI is implicated in kidney transplantation and can determine graft survival. Although the exact pathophysiology of renal IRI is unknown, the role of inflammatory responses has been elucidated. Because mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have strong immunomodulatory properties, they are under extensive investigation as a therapeutic modality for renal IRI. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an integral role in cell-to-cell communication. Because the regenerative potential of the MSCs can be recapitulated by their EVs, the therapeutic appeal of MSC-derived EVs has dramatically increased in the past decade. Higher safety profile and ease of preservation without losing function are other advantages of EVs compared with their producing cells. In the current review, the preliminary results and potential of MSC-derived EVs to alleviate kidney IRI are summarized. We might be heading toward a cell-free approach to treat renal IRI.