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Hage C, Rausch V, Giese N, Giese T, Schönsiegel F, Labsch S, Nwaeburu C, Mattern J, Gladkich J, Herr I. Correction: The novel c-Met inhibitor cabozantinib overcomes gemcitabine resistance and stem cell signaling in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:96. [PMID: 38286998 PMCID: PMC10825190 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hage
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Rausch
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Giese
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Giese
- Department of Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Schönsiegel
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Labsch
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Nwaeburu
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mattern
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Gladkich
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Herr
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Reddy T, Puri A, Guzman L, Qian W, Zhou J, Rosato R, Zhao H, Thomas C, Li X, Mahboubi B, Oo A, Cho YJ, Kim B, Thaiparambil J, Ayerbe C, Giese N, Moulder S, Piwnica-Worms H, Meric-Bernstam F, Chang J. Abstract P4-08-05: NOS inhibition reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and synergizes with alpelisib in metaplastic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-08-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare, lethal, and highly chemoresistant breast cancer subtype, with no FDA-approved therapeutic options. Most MpBCs are triple-negative, yet have a worse prognosis than non-metaplastic triple-negative breast cancer (non-MpTNBC). MpBC tumors are enriched for markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/cancer stem cells (CSC), produce high nitric oxide (NO) levels, and have a hyperactive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Increased PI3K and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity are poor prognostic indicators in MpBC. NO can activate multiple oncogenic pathways spatially and temporally, such as PI3K and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), a critical regulator of EMT. Therefore, our study evaluates whether pan-NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) augments the efficacy of alpha isoform-specific PI3K inhibitor alpelisib in MpBC in vitro and in vivo models. Methods: MpBC cell lines (SUM159, BT549, Hs578T, HCC1806) and Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) models were used in our studies. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was conducted to evaluate the iNOS-associated mutation (RPL39 A14V) and PIK3CA hotspot mutation rates in PDX models. Cell viability (SRB/Cell Titer-Glo), combination index (CI), immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence of treated MpBC cell lines and tumor tissues were evaluated. Results: Immunostaining analysis revealed that MpBC PDX tumors had elevated co-expression of iNOS and pAkt (60% vs 23%, p=0.0495) relative to non-MpTNBC PDX tumors. MpBC PDX tumors had higher RPL39 A14V (66% vs 4.7%, p< 0.0006) and PIK3CA hotspot mutation rates (50% vs 19.1%, p=0.1247) than non-MpTNBC PDX tumors. Combining L-NMMA with alpelisib was synergistic in MpBC cell lines harboring PIK3CA/PIK3R1 mutations (CI< 1) and antagonistic in PIK3CA-wild type and PTEN-deleted models (CI>1). In vivo evaluation using MpBC PDX tumors found that L-NMMA significantly augmented the efficacy of alpelisib in reducing tumor volume in PIK3CA-mutated MpBC PDX models. Transcriptomic analysis found gene sets associated with EMT reversal, such as the formation of cornified envelope (Padj = 0.0254) and keratinization pathway (Padj = 0.048) were enriched pathways in MpBC PDX tumors that responded to combination therapy. Pharmacological and genomic inhibition of iNOS reversed EMT in MpBC cells, as shown by decreased expression of Zeb1, TGFβ, Snail, Vimentin, and increased expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 in immunoblotting analysis. MpBC cells with NOS2 knockout acquired an epithelial-like cellular morphology and this reversal of EMT rendered MpBC cells more sensitive to alpelisib and taxane-chemotherapy. MpBC PDX tumors that responded to combination therapy also exhibited a reversal in EMT, with an associated decrease in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1), a CSC marker. L-NMMA and alpelisib therapy also resulted in the loss of tumor-initiating ability, enhanced chemosensitivity, and improved overall survival in MpBC PDX models. These studies paralleled results from a phase 1b/2 clinical trial with L-NMMA combined with taxane chemotherapy in a cohort of anthracycline-refractory MpBC patients (n=15, NCT02834403). The clinical benefit rate was 40% (6/15), the overall response rate was 20% (3/15), and one patient achieved a pathologic complete response. Relative to baseline tumors, the responder end-of-treatment tumors had undergone reversal of EMT, with enhanced expression of E-cadherin, and decreased expression of iNOS, Zeb1, and ALDH1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that combining L-NMMA and alpelisib is a novel therapeutic strategy to treat MpBC by reversing EMT and decreasing CSCs, rendering MpBC tumors more chemosensitive. This combination therapy is being tested in a first multicenter phase 2 study targeting this orphan disease.
Citation Format: Tejaswini Reddy, Akshjot Puri, Liliana Guzman, Wei Qian, Jianying Zhou, Roberto Rosato, Hong Zhao, Christoforos Thomas, Xiaoxian Li, Bijan Mahboubi, Adrian Oo, Young-Jae Cho, Baek Kim, Jose Thaiparambil, Camila Ayerbe, Noah Giese, Stacy Moulder, Helen Piwnica-Worms, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Jenny Chang. NOS inhibition reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and synergizes with alpelisib in metaplastic breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-05.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Qian
- 4Houston Methodist Research institute
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Sans M, Zhang J, Lin JQ, Feider CL, Giese N, Breen MT, Sebastian K, Liu J, Sood AK, Eberlin LS. Performance of the MasSpec Pen for Rapid Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer. Clin Chem 2019; 65:674-683. [PMID: 30770374 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.299289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate tissue diagnosis during ovarian cancer surgery is critical to maximize cancer excision and define treatment options. Yet, current methods for intraoperative tissue evaluation can be time intensive and subjective. We have developed a handheld and biocompatible device coupled to a mass spectrometer, the MasSpec Pen, which uses a discrete water droplet for molecular extraction and rapid tissue diagnosis. Here we evaluated the performance of this technology for ovarian cancer diagnosis across different sample sets, tissue types, and mass spectrometry systems. METHODS MasSpec Pen analyses were performed on 192 ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneum tissue samples. Samples were evaluated by expert pathologists to confirm diagnosis. Performance using an Orbitrap and a linear ion trap mass spectrometer was tested. Statistical models were generated using machine learning and evaluated using validation and test sets. RESULTS High performance for high-grade serous carcinoma (n = 131; clinical sensitivity, 96.7%; specificity, 95.7%) and overall cancer (n = 138; clinical sensitivity, 94.0%; specificity, 94.4%) diagnoses was achieved using Orbitrap data. Variations in the mass spectra from normal tissue, low-grade, and high-grade serous ovarian cancers were observed. Discrimination between cancer and fallopian tube or peritoneum tissues was also achieved with accuracies of 92.6% and 87.9%, respectively, and 100% clinical specificity for both. Using ion trap data, excellent results for high-grade serous cancer vs normal ovarian differentiation (n = 40; clinical sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 100%) were obtained. CONCLUSIONS The MasSpec Pen, together with machine learning, provides robust molecular models for ovarian serous cancer prediction and thus has potential for clinical use for rapid and accurate ovarian cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sans
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - John Q Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Clara L Feider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Noah Giese
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Michael T Breen
- Department of Women's Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Katherine Sebastian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, and the Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX;
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Hernandez EE, Gu Z, Imbusch C, Vogel V, Giese N, Strobel O, Hackert T, Weichert W, Sprick M, Trumpp A. PO-302 Deconvolution of the tumour microenvironment of primary human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and normal pancreas reveals specific deregulated signalling nodes. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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5
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Zhang J, Rector J, Lin JQ, Young JH, Sans M, Katta N, Giese N, Yu W, Nagi C, Suliburk J, Liu J, Bensussan A, DeHoog RJ, Garza KY, Ludolph B, Sorace AG, Syed A, Zahedivash A, Milner TE, Eberlin LS. Nondestructive tissue analysis for ex vivo and in vivo cancer diagnosis using a handheld mass spectrometry system. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/406/eaan3968. [PMID: 28878011 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for histopathologic tissue diagnosis are labor- and time-intensive and can delay decision-making during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. We report the development of an automated and biocompatible handheld mass spectrometry device for rapid and nondestructive diagnosis of human cancer tissues. The device, named MasSpec Pen, enables controlled and automated delivery of a discrete water droplet to a tissue surface for efficient extraction of biomolecules. We used the MasSpec Pen for ex vivo molecular analysis of 20 human cancer thin tissue sections and 253 human patient tissue samples including normal and cancerous tissues from breast, lung, thyroid, and ovary. The mass spectra obtained presented rich molecular profiles characterized by a variety of potential cancer biomarkers identified as metabolites, lipids, and proteins. Statistical classifiers built from the histologically validated molecular database allowed cancer prediction with high sensitivity (96.4%), specificity (96.2%), and overall accuracy (96.3%), as well as prediction of benign and malignant thyroid tumors and different histologic subtypes of lung cancer. Notably, our classifier allowed accurate diagnosis of cancer in marginal tumor regions presenting mixed histologic composition. Last, we demonstrate that the MasSpec Pen is suited for in vivo cancer diagnosis during surgery performed in tumor-bearing mouse models, without causing any observable tissue harm or stress to the animal. Our results provide evidence that the MasSpec Pen could potentially be used as a clinical and intraoperative technology for ex vivo and in vivo cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John Rector
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John Q Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jonathan H Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Marta Sans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nitesh Katta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Noah Giese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Wendong Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Suliburk
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alena Bensussan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rachel J DeHoog
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kyana Y Garza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Benjamin Ludolph
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anum Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Aydin Zahedivash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Thomas E Milner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Amaravadi M, Bauer A, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Botla S, Löchelt M, Pawlita M, Büchler M, Giese N, Hoheisel J. 382: Identification of pathogenic virus sequences in pancreatic cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dutruel C, Bergmann F, Rooman I, Zucknick M, Weichenhan D, Geiselhart L, Kaffenberger T, Rachakonda PS, Bauer A, Giese N, Hong C, Xie H, Costello JF, Hoheisel J, Kumar R, Rehli M, Schirmacher P, Werner J, Plass C, Popanda O, Schmezer P. Early epigenetic downregulation of WNK2 kinase during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development. Oncogene 2013; 33:3401-10. [PMID: 23912455 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is usually incurable. Contrary to genetic mechanisms involved in PDAC pathogenesis, epigenetic alterations are ill defined. Here, we determine the contribution of epigenetically silenced genes to the development of PDAC. We analyzed enriched, highly methylated DNAs from PDACs, chronic pancreatitis (CP) and normal tissues using CpG island microarrays and identified WNK2 as a prominent candidate tumor suppressor gene being downregulated early in PDAC development. WNK2 was further investigated in tissue microarrays, methylation analysis of early pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), mouse models for PDAC and pancreatitis, re-expression studies after demethylation, and cell growth assays using WNK2 overexpression. Demethylation assays confirmed the link between methylation and expression. WNK2 hypermethylation was higher in tumor than in surrounding inflamed tissues and was observed in PanIN lesions as well as in a PDAC mouse model. WNK2 mRNA and protein expressions were lower in PDAC and CP compared with normal tissues both in patients and mouse models. Overexpression of WNK2 led to reduced cell growth, and WNK2 expression in tissues correlated negatively with pERK1/2 expression, a downstream target of WNK2 responsible for cell proliferation. Downregulation of WNK2 by promoter hypermethylation occurs early in PDAC pathogenesis and may support tumor cell growth via the ERK-MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dutruel
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Rooman
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - M Zucknick
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Weichenhan
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Geiselhart
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Kaffenberger
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P S Rachakonda
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Bauer
- Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Giese
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hong
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - H Xie
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J F Costello
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J Hoheisel
- Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Rehli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Werner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Popanda
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schmezer
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Hage C, Rausch V, Giese N, Giese T, Schönsiegel F, Labsch S, Nwaeburu C, Mattern J, Gladkich J, Herr I. The novel c-Met inhibitor cabozantinib overcomes gemcitabine resistance and stem cell signaling in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e627. [PMID: 23661005 PMCID: PMC3674365 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are not targeted by current therapies, may be the reason for pronounced therapy resistance. A new treatment option in phase II trials is cabozantinib that inhibits the pancreatic CSC surface marker and tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cabozantinib to stem-like features and therapy resistance. Established PDA cell lines, a gemcitabine-resistant subclone, non-malignant pancreatic ductal cells and primary spheroidal cultures from patient tumors were analyzed by MTT-assay, flow cytometry, colony and spheroid formation assays, western blotting, qRT-PCR, antibody protein array, immunohistochemistry and morphological features. Cabozantinib inhibited viability and spheroid formation and induced apoptosis in malignant cells with minor effects in non-malignant cells. After long-term cabozantinib treatment, PDA cells had altered anti- and pro-apoptotic signaling, but still responded to cabozantinib, as apoptosis only slightly decreased and viability only slightly increased suggesting a low resistance-inducing potential of cabozantinib. In parallel, c-Met expression and the pluripotency transcription factor SOX2 were downregulated, which might counteract development of full therapy resistance in long-term treated subclones. In single-treatment studies, cabozantinib increased efficacy of gemcitabine. Most importantly, cabozantinib strongly induced apoptosis and reduced viability in PDA cell lines, which are completely resistant toward gemcitabine. In primary, CSC-enriched spheroidal cultures cabozantinib downregulated CSC markers SOX2, c-Met and CD133 and induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that the clinical use of cabozantinib may be more effective than current chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hage
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Rausch
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Giese
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Giese
- Department of Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Schönsiegel
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Labsch
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Nwaeburu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mattern
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Gladkich
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Herr
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Migdoll A, Zörnig M, Halama N, Kaiser I, Eichmüller S, Dickes E, Heller A, Giese N, Zörnig I, Jäger D. 1092 Assessing the Potential of Novel Antigens as Targets for Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Pancreatic Carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rachakonda S, Bauer A, Canzian F, Scarpa A, Neoptolemos J, Werner J, Giese N, Heller A, Hoheisel J, Kumar R. 703 K-Ras and CDKN2a Mutations in Pancreatic Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mascetta G, di Mola FF, Tavano F, Selvaggi F, Giese N, Bassi C, Büchler MW, Friess H, di Sebastiano P. Substance P and neprilysin in chronic pancreatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 48:131-8. [PMID: 22572771 DOI: 10.1159/000337869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to analyze substance P (SP) and neprilysin (NEP), the membrane metallopeptidase that degrades SP, in chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS SP and NEP mRNA levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR in tissue samples from 30 patients with CP and 8 organ donors. In addition, SP serum levels were determined before and after surgery in the same patients, by means of a competitive ELISA assay. Genetic and epigenetic analyses of the NEP gene were also performed. RESULTS SP mRNA expression levels were higher in CP tissues compared to controls (p = 0.0152), while NEP mRNA showed no significant differences between CP and healthy subjects (p = 0.2102). In CP patients, SP serum levels correlated with those in tissue, and after surgical resection SP serum levels were reduced compared to the preoperative values. Failure of NEP to overexpress in CP tissues was associated with significant miR-128a overexpression (p = 0.02), rather than with mutations in the NEP coding region or the presence of hypermethylation sites in the NEP promoter region. CONCLUSION Tissue and serum levels of SP were increased in CP, while NEP levels remained unaltered. In an SP/NEP-mediated pathway, it would appear that NEP fails to provide adequate surveillance of SP levels. Failure of NEP to overexpress could be associated with miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mascetta
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS, Hospital Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Su Y, Loos M, Giese N, Hines OJ, Diebold I, Görlach A, Metzen E, Pastorekova S, Friess H, Büchler P. PHD3 regulates differentiation, tumour growth and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1571-9. [PMID: 20978507 PMCID: PMC2990580 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Tumour hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and indluences angiogenesis, cell survival and invasion. Prolyl hydroxylase-3 (PHD3) regulates degradation of HIF-1α. The effects of PHD3 in tumour growth are largely unknown. Experimental design: PHD3 expression was analysed in human pancreatic cancer tissues and cancer cell lines by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. PHD3 overexpression was established by stable transfection and downregulation by short interfering RNA technology. VEGF was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Matrigel invasion assays were performed to examine tumour cell invasion. Apoptosis was measured by annexin-V staining and caspase-3 assays. The effect of PHD3 on tumour growth in vivo was evaluated in an established orthotopic murine model. Results: PHD3 was upregulated in well-differentiated human tumours and cell lines, and regulated hypoxic VEGF secretion. PHD3 overexpression mediated tumour cell growth and invasion by induction of apoptosis in a nerve growth factor-dependent manner by the activation of caspase-3 and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase HIF-1 independently. In vivo, PHD3 inhibited tumour growth by abrogation of tumour angiogenesis. Conclusion: Our results indicate essential functions of PHD3 in tumour growth, apoptosis and angiogenesis and through HIF-1-dependent and HIF-1-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Su
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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13
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Esteban J, Elabbas L, Daniel B, Giese N, Hamscher G, Nau H, Bowers W, Chu I, Åkesson A, Håkansson H. Effects on the retinoid system and other endpoints in rat offspring and dams following in utero and lactational exposure to a chemical mixture present in the arctic Inuit population. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Campa D, Rizzato C, Bauer A, Rachakonda S, Giese N, Kumar R, Lorenzo-Bermejo J, Büchler M, Hoheisel J, Canzian F. 69 Post-GWAS pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci and their importance in survival. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Ikeda H, Hideshima T, Fulciniti M, Perrone G, Okawa Y, Yasui H, Vallet S, Santo L, Cristina D, Gorgun G, Calabrese E, Raje NS, Richardson PG, Munshi NC, Lannutti B, Puri K, Giese N, Anderson KC. B037 CAL-101: A Selective Inhibitor of PI3K p110D for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1557-9190(11)70650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Esposito I, Penzel R, Chaib-Harrireche M, Barcena U, Bergmann F, Riedl S, Kayed H, Giese N, Kleeff J, Friess H, Schirmacher P. Tenascin C and annexin II expression in the process of pancreatic carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2006; 208:673-85. [PMID: 16450333 DOI: 10.1002/path.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin C (TNC) is a component of the provisional extracellular matrix (ECM) that characterizes solid tumours. Cell surface annexin II is a high-affinity receptor for large TNC splice variants. The aim of this study was to analyse whether TNC and annexin II play a role in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is characterized by a rich ECM populated by pancreatic stellate cells, which play a crucial role in pancreatic desmoplasia. The mRNA and protein levels of TNC and of annexin II were analysed in pancreatic tissues by DNA array, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. TNC large splice variants were detected by RT-PCR. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure TNC levels in serum and culture supernatants. TNC and annexin II mRNA levels were significantly higher in pancreatic cancer tissues than in the normal pancreas. TNC expression was detected with increased frequency in the progression from PanIN-1 lesions to PDAC, and a parallel switch from cytoplasmic to cell surface expression of annexin II was observed. Large TNC transcripts were found in pancreatic cancer and in chronic pancreatitis, but not in the normal pancreas. TNC expression was demonstrated in pancreatic stellate cells, where it could be induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and by cancer cell supernatants supplemented with TGF-beta1. In conclusion, the expression of TNC and cell surface annexin II increases in the progression from low-grade PanIN lesions to pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic stellate cells are identified as a source of TNC in pancreatic tissues, possibly under the influence of soluble factors released by the tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Wetzel K, Menten P, Opdënakker G, Van Damme J, Gröne HJ, Giese N, Vecchi A, Sozzani S, Cornelis JJ, Rommelaere J, Dinsart C. Transduction of human MCP-3 by a parvoviral vector induces leukocyte infiltration and reduces growth of human cervical carcinoma cell xenografts. J Gene Med 2001; 3:326-37. [PMID: 11529662 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncosuppressive properties of some autonomous parvoviruses such as H-1 virus, together with their low pathogenicity, make them attractive vectors for tumor-directed gene therapy. Indeed, it was recently shown that these viruses became endowed with an enhanced oncosuppressive activity after they had been engineered to deliver a recognized therapeutic transgene. This prompted us to use a parvoviral vector to analyse the antineoplastic capacity of MCP-3 (monocyte chemotactic protein-3), a CC chemokine which has a broad spectrum of target cells, and can thus be considered to be a promising candidate for cancer treatment. METHODS We explored the use of a parvovirus H-1-based vector encoding human MCP-3 for its antitumor potential on human cervical carcinoma cells. HeLa cells were infected in vitro with the recombinant virus hH1/MCP-3 at a low multiplicity [1 replication unit (RU)/cell] and we investigated the effect of parvovirus-mediated MCP-3 transduction on tumor formation and growth upon implantation of HeLa cells in nude mice. RESULTS Infection of HeLa cells with hH1/MCP-3 led to secretion of high levels of MCP-3 and to significant retardation of tumor growth in recipient mice, as compared with HeLa cells that were either buffer-treated or infected with a MCP-3-free vector. Tumors from hH1/MCP-3-infected HeLa cells were heavily infiltrated with activated macrophages and showed increased numbers of dendritic cells. In addition, activated natural killer (NK) cells were also recruited into MCP-3-transduced tumors. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that parvovirus H-1-transduced MCP-3 is able to exert a significant antitumor activity which is mediated, at least in part, through macrophages and NK cells, under conditions in which activated T cells are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wetzel
- Applied Tumor Virology, AbtF0100 INSERM U375, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Lopes MF, Nunes MP, Henriques-Pons A, Giese N, Morse HC, Davidson WF, Araújo-Jorge TC, DosReis GA. Increased susceptibility of Fas ligand-deficient gld mice to Trypanosoma cruzi infection due to a Th2-biased host immune response. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:81-9. [PMID: 9933089 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199901)29:01<81::aid-immu81>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infection of BALB/c mice with Trypanosoma cruzi resulted in up-regulated expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) mRNA by splenic CD4+ T cells, activation-induced CD4+ T cell death (AICD), and in Fas: FasL-mediated cytotoxicity. When CD4+ T cells from infected mice were co-cultured with T. cruzi-infected macrophages, onset of AICD exacerbated parasite replication. CD4+ T cells from T. cruzi-infected FasL-deficient BALB gld/gld mice had no detectable AICD in vitro and their activation with anti-TCR did not exacerbate T. cruzi replication in macrophages. However, infection of BALB gld/gld mice with T. cruzi resulted in higher and more prolonged parasitemia, compared to wild-type mice. Secretion of Th2 cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 by CD4+ T cells from infected gld mice was markedly increased, compared to controls. In addition, in vivo injection of anti-IL-4 mAb, but not of an isotype control mAb, reduced parasitemia in both gld and wild-type mice. These results indicate that, besides controlling CD4+ T cell AICD and parasite replication in vitro, an intact Fas: FasL pathway also controls the host cytokine response to T. cruzi infection in vivo, being required to prevent an exacerbated Th2-type immune response to the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Lopes
- Programa de Immunobiologia, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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19
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Doherty TM, Giese N, Morse HC, Coffman RL. Modulation of murine AIDS-related pathology by concurrent antibody treatment and coinfection with Leishmania major. J Virol 1997; 71:3702-9. [PMID: 9094644 PMCID: PMC191519 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.5.3702-3709.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of C57BL/6 mice with a mixture of murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) designated LP-BM5 MuLV leads to a disease characterized by progressive immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferation, known as murine AIDS (MAIDS). The development of MAIDS is associated with increased B-cell lymphoblast proliferation, but there is reason to believe that T-cell function and, particularly, T-cell-derived cytokines may also play a role. We have previously shown that concurrent infection with Leishmania major (which induces a strongly polarized Th1 response in C57BL/6 mice) and LP-BM5 MuLV modulates the disease induced by both infections. Here we show by treatment of mice with anticytokine antibodies that this modulation is largely exerted through the balance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Infected mice treated with antibodies to interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 exhibited a delayed development of MAIDS-related pathology and maintained T-cell responsiveness longer than mice treated with control antibody. Gamma interferon induced by coinfection with L. major synergized with anti-IL-4 treatment to inhibit the development of MAIDS pathology. Conversely, treatment with anti-gamma interferon led to a significant increase in splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy and slightly exacerbated loss of T-cell function. These data suggest that the production of Th2-associated cytokines may promote MAIDS pathology, while Th1-associated cytokines may help control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Doherty
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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20
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Holtschke T, Löhler J, Kanno Y, Fehr T, Giese N, Rosenbauer F, Lou J, Knobeloch KP, Gabriele L, Waring JF, Bachmann MF, Zinkernagel RM, Morse HC, Ozato K, Horak I. Immunodeficiency and chronic myelogenous leukemia-like syndrome in mice with a targeted mutation of the ICSBP gene. Cell 1996; 87:307-17. [PMID: 8861914 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Interferon consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) is a transcription factor of the interferon (IFN) regulatory factor (IRF) family. Mice with a null mutation of ICSBP exhibit two prominent phenotypes related to previously described activities of the IRF family. The first is enhanced susceptibility to virus infections associated with impaired production of IFN(gamma). The second is deregulated hematopoiesis in both ICSBP-/- and ICSBP+/- mice that manifests as a syndrome similar to human chronic myelogenous leukemia. The chronic period of the disease progresses to a fatal blast crisis characterized by a clonal expansion of undifferentiated cells. Normal mice injected with cells from mice in blast crisis developed acute leukemia within 6 weeks of transfer. These results suggest a novel role for ICSBP in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Holtschke
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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21
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Abstract
A detailed comparison in the developing rat central nervous system between the distribution of the NG2 proteoglycan and the alpha-receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) shows that these two molecules are co-expressed by glial progenitor cells of the O2A lineage and can serve as reliable markers for identification of O2A cells in vivo. Our mapping experiments indicate that NG2-positive, PDGF alpha-receptor positive O2A cells are abundant throughout the developing central nervous system in both white and gray matter. The earliest cells immunoreactive for either of the two markers are found adjacent to the central canal of the embryonic day 15 (E15) spinal cord. These cells express only PDGF alpha-receptor and not NG2. By E17, process-bearing cells expressing both NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor in a highly co-localized fashion are found throughout the central nervous system. The first postnatal week marks the peak in the number of NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor immunoreactive cells, as well as the peak in the level of expression and the extent of co-localization of the two molecules. After the first week, the level of expression of both NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor declines, although both molecules continue to be expressed in the adult brain. On O2A cells in the mature brain, NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor are not as well co-localized at the subcellular level as they are on O2A cells in the younger brain. The functional consequences of co-localization and subsequent dissociation of NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor on maturing O2A progenitors are investigated in the accompanying paper (Nishiyama et al.: J Neurosci Res 43:315-330, 1996).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishiyama
- La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, California, USA
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22
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Abstract
Previous studies on the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan have shown that NG2 is expressed on A2B5-positive O2A progenitor cells, which are known to respond to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In the accompanying paper (Nishiyama et al.; J Neurosci Res 43:299-314, 1996) we show that on O2A progenitors in the embryonic and newborn rat brain, NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor display an extensive co-localization which becomes less pronounced as the brain matures past the first postnatal week. The present communication describes the relationship between NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor in vitro. NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor are highly co-localized on A2B5-positive O2A cells isolated from neonatal rat cerebrum. Mimicking the situation in vivo, the level of expression of the two molecules and the extent of co-localization decline as these cells differentiate into O4-positive pre-oligodendrocytes. However, maintenance of the cells in a progenitor state by treatment with bFGF results in increased levels of both NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor on the cell surface, suggesting that expression of the two molecules may be coordinately regulated. Furthermore, NG2 can be co-immunoprecipitated from radiolabeled O2A extracts with a rabbit antibody to PDGF alpha-receptor, indicating the presence of a molecular complex that includes NG2 and the receptor. Finally, antibody-patching and subsequent down-regulation of NG2 results in reduced expression of PDGF alpha-receptor and diminishes the proliferative response of the cells to PDGF. These findings suggest that correct co-expression of the NG2 proteoglycan and PDGF alpha-receptor on the surface of O2A progenitor cells is important for the cells' ability to respond effectively to the mitogenic stimulus of PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishiyama
- La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, California, USA
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23
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Morse HC, Giese N, Morawetz R, Tang Y, Gazzinelli R, Kim WK, Chattopadhyay S, Hartley JW. Cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of MAIDS, a retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome of mice. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1995; 17:231-45. [PMID: 8571170 DOI: 10.1007/bf00196167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0760, USA
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LaRochelle WJ, Pierce JH, May-Siroff M, Giese N, Aaronson SA. Five PDGF B amino acid substitutions convert PDGF A to a PDGF B-like transforming molecule. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:17074-7. [PMID: 1380958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We used site-directed mutagenesis to determine the minimum number of PDGF B residues needed to convert PDGF A to a potently transforming PDGF B-like molecule. Substitution of two PDGF B subdomains, 106-115 and 135-144, were found to be critical. These substitutions were sufficient to broaden the ability of PDGF A to activate beta as well as alpha platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors and increase its transforming efficiency to that of PDGF B. Within subdomain I, either PDGF B residues Arg-109 and Asn-115 or Arg-109, Leu-110, and Arg-113, in combination with subdomain II PDGF B residues Asn-136, Arg-137, and Arg-142 were identified as being essential. Those mutants with transforming ability comparable with PDGF B showed significantly lower efficiencies of beta receptor triggering. Thus, our studies identify a small number of PDGF B amino acids indispensable for beta PDGF receptor interaction and suggest that a low level of beta PDGF receptor activation is sufficient to dramatically increase PDGF transforming efficiency in NIH 3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J LaRochelle
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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25
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LaRochelle WJ, Giese N, Robbins KC, Aaronson SA. Variant PDGF Ligands and Receptors---Structure-function Relationship. Physiology (Bethesda) 1991. [DOI: 10.1152/physiologyonline.1991.6.2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a connective tissue cell mitogen comprised of two related chains encoded by distinct genes. Properties that distinguish these ligands include greater transforming potency of the B and more efficient secretion of the A chain. By generating immunochemical probes, as well as PDGF A and B chimeras, these properties were mapped to distinct domains. Increased transforming efficiency segregated with the ability to activate both Alpha- and Beta-PDGF receptors.
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26
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Giese N, LaRochelle WJ, May-Siroff M, Robbins KC, Aaronson SA. A small v-sis/platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B-protein domain in which subtle conformational changes abrogate PDGF receptor interaction and transforming activity. Mol Cell Biol 1990; 10:5496-501. [PMID: 1697931 PMCID: PMC361263 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.10.10.5496-5501.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion scanning mutagenesis within the transforming region of the v-sis oncogene was used to dissect structure-function relationships. Mutations affecting codons within a domain encoding amino acids 136 through 148 had no effect upon homodimer formation or recognition by antisera which detect determinants dependent upon native intrachain disulfide linkages, yet the same mutations completely abolished transforming activity. A platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF B) monoclonal antibody that prevents its interaction with PDGF receptors recognized v-sis, delta 142 (deletion of codon 142), and delta 148 but not delta 136, delta 137, or delta 139 mutants. These findings mapped the epitope recognized by this monoclonal antibody to include amino acid residues 136 to 139. Furthermore, mutations in the codon 136 to 148 domain caused markedly impaired ability to induce PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, subtle conformational alterations in this small domain critically affect PDGF receptor recognition and/or functional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Giese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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27
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LaRochelle WJ, Giese N, May-Siroff M, Robbins KC, Aaronson SA. Molecular localization of the transforming and secretory properties of PDGF A and PDGF B. Science 1990; 248:1541-4. [PMID: 2163109 DOI: 10.1126/science.2163109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a connective tissue cell mitogen comprised of two related chains encoded by distinct genes. The B chain is the homolog of the v-sis oncogene product. Properties that distinguish these ligands include greater transforming potency of the B chain and more efficient secretion of the A chain. By a strategy involving the generation of PDGF A and B chimeras, these properties were mapped to distinct domains of the respective molecules. Increased transforming efficiency segregated with the ability to activate both alpha and beta PDGF receptors. These findings genetically map PDGF B residues 105 to 144 as responsible for conformational alterations critical to beta PDGF receptor interaction and provide a mechanistic basis for the greater transforming potency of the PDGF B chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J LaRochelle
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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28
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Larochelle WJ, Giese N, May-Siroff M, Robbins KC, Aaronson SA. Chimeric molecules map and dissociate the potent transforming and secretory properties of PDGF A and PDGF B. J Cell Sci Suppl 1990; 13:31-42. [PMID: 1964685 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.1990.supplement_13.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a connective tissue cell mitogen comprising two related chains encoded by distinct genes. The B chain is the homolog of the v-sis oncogene product. Properties that distinguish these ligands include greater transforming potency of the B chain and more efficient secretion of the A chain. By a strategy involving the generation of PDGF A and B chimeras, these properties were mapped to distinct domains of the respective molecules. Increased transforming efficiency segregated with the ability to activate both alpha and beta PDGF receptors. These findings genetically map PDGF B residues 105 to 144 as responsible for conformational alterations critical to beta PDGF receptor interaction, and provide a mechanistic basis for the greater transforming potency of the PDGF B chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Larochelle
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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29
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Alexander H, Giese T, Borgwardt D, Giese N, Zimmermann G, Haake K. HCG as lymphocyte- an essential factor during the early pregnancy? J Reprod Immunol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-0378(89)90400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Giese N, May-Siroff M, LaRochelle WJ, van Wyke Coelingh K, Aaronson SA. Expression and purification of biologically active v-sis/platelet-derived growth factor B protein by using a baculovirus vector system. J Virol 1989; 63:3080-6. [PMID: 2542616 PMCID: PMC250864 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.63.7.3080-3086.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation induced by simian sarcoma virus is mediated by its v-sis protein, the monkey homolog of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain. By use of an appropriately engineered baculovirus expression vector, the v-sis protein was expressed in the insect cell line Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) at a level 50- to 100-fold higher than that observed with overexpression in mammalian-cell transfectants. The sis protein produced by Sf9 cells underwent processing similar to that observed in mammalian cells, including efficient disulfide-linked dimer formation. Moreover, the recombinant sis protein was capable of binding PDGF receptors and inducing DNA synthesis as efficiently as PDGF-B synthesized by mammalian cells. A significant fraction of sis protein was released from Sf9 cells, which made possible a one-step immunoaffinity purification to near homogeneity with a 40% recovery of biological activity. These results demonstrate that a protein whose normal processing requires both intrachain and interchain disulfide-bridge formation can be efficiently expressed in a biologically active form in insect cells by using a baculovirus vector system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Giese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
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