Influence of Interleukin-2 and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) on the Size of Myocardial Infarction in Rats with Systemic Inflammatory Response

We studied the influence of recombinant IL-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the size of the myocardial necrosis zone of rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A significant increase in the necrosis zone and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines was revealed in animals with SIRS in comparison with the control. The administration of IL-2 to animals with SIRS significantly reduced the size of the necrosis zone, which was paralleled by a pronounced increase in IL-2 and BDNF in comparison with the corresponding parameters in rats with SIRS that did not receive IL-2. Administration of BDNF to animals with SIRS was followed by normalization of TNFα and IL-1α levels, but did not lead to a decrease in the size of the necrosis zone.

The Effect of Probiotic Strains on Myocardial Infarction Size, Biochemical and Immunological Parameters in Rats with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Polymorbidity

Numerous experimental and clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of various probiotic strains in metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal and liver diseases, immune system pathology. The effects of probiotics on cardiovascular dysfunction are less well known. The development and validation of a new experimental model in rats, including obesity, acute colon inflammation and antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, with common characteristics of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), became the basis for investigating the effects of probiotic drugs on myocardial resistance to ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) using an in vivo model of infarction after coronary occlusion. A 24% increase in myocardial infarction compared to intact animals (p < 0.05) and significant changes in leukogram, biochemical and immunological parameters were found in Wistar rats with SIRS modelling. Introduction of a mixture of strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) to animals with SIRS reduced infarct size to a value close to the control. Rats treated with LA-5 and BB-12 also showed normalization of the leukocyte count, bile acids, transforming growth factor-β, interleukins: IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in blood in comparison with the SIRS group and with the groups treated with other probiotic strains. The obtained data convincingly show the prospects for further study of the cardiotropic potential of probiotic microorganisms in translational studies.

Effect of Azithromycin on Myocardial Resistance to Ischemia/Reperfusion in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Alimentary Obesity

The study focuses on the effects of azithromycin on severity of ischemia/reperfusion myocardial injury during simulated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in primary visceral obesity (PVO). Total ischemia/reperfusion was modeled by Langendorff perfusion of isolated heart with following estimation of the size of myocardial infarction. SIRS was accompanied by an increase in blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines and LPS. Combination of PVO and SIRS produced no significant changes in the infarct size compared to the control. Administration of azithromycin to rats with PVO and SIRS resulted in pronounced alterations of biochemical and immunological parameters, although it did not affect the infarct size. In contrast, the use of tetracycline increased the size of myocardial infarction. This phenomenon should be taken into consideration in antimicrobial therapy.