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Weeks R, Vishwanath P, Stewart KA, Liang C, Efe-Aluta O, Olayinka F, Kim CI, Macarayan E, Niehaus L, Bar-Zeev N, Wonodi C. Assessing a Digital Scorecard on Global Immunization Progress: Stakeholder Views and Implications for Enhancing Performance and Accountability. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:193. [PMID: 38400176 PMCID: PMC10892722 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Global health agencies and regional and national stakeholders collaborated to develop the Immunization Agenda 2030 Scorecard, a digital data visualization platform displaying global, regional, and country-level immunization progress. The scorecard serves to focus attention and enable strategic actions around the measures visualized. To assess the scorecard's usability, appropriateness, and context for use, we interviewed 15 immunization officers working across five global regions. To further understand the implementation context, we also reviewed the characteristics of 15 public platforms visualizing population health data. We integrated thematic findings across both methods. Many platforms highlight service gaps and enable comparisons between geographies to foster political pressure for service improvements. We observed heterogeneity regarding the platforms' focus areas and participants' leading concerns, which were management capacity and resourcing. Furthermore, one-third of platforms were out of date. Results yielded recommendations for the scorecard, which participants felt was well suited to focus the attention of decision makers on key immunization data. A simpler design coupled with implementation strategies that more actively engage policymakers would better align the scorecard with other public platforms engaging intended users. For population health platforms to serve as effective accountability mechanisms, studying implementation determinants, including usability testing, is vital to meet stakeholder needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Weeks
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID) MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (K.A.S.); (C.W.)
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Padmini Vishwanath
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID) MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (K.A.S.); (C.W.)
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Katy Atkins Stewart
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID) MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (K.A.S.); (C.W.)
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Christine Liang
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID) MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (K.A.S.); (C.W.)
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Oniovo Efe-Aluta
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Folake Olayinka
- Public Health Institute, USAID Global Health Training, Advisory and Support Contract Project, Washington, DC 20045, USA;
| | - Carolyn Inae Kim
- World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.I.K.); (E.M.); (N.B.-Z.)
| | - Erlyn Macarayan
- World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.I.K.); (E.M.); (N.B.-Z.)
| | - Lori Niehaus
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA;
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.I.K.); (E.M.); (N.B.-Z.)
| | - Chizoba Wonodi
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID) MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (K.A.S.); (C.W.)
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Amani A, Daniel EK, Gbotto B, Yao K, Nicaise AL, Kouakou E, Kabran KS, Gahongano G, Gadiry Fadiga A, Aziz Gbaya A, Efe-Aluta O, Mboussou F, Mirza I, Schreiber B. First Field Test of the Novel Integration Mapping Tool for COVID-19 Vaccination Integration into National Immunization Programs and Primary Healthcare-A Case Study from Côte d'Ivoire. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1842. [PMID: 38140245 PMCID: PMC10747630 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic in Côte d'Ivoire, efforts were made to seamlessly integrate COVID-19 vaccination into the national immunization program. A collaborative initiative involving UNICEF, WHO, GAVI, and partner organizations resulted in the creation of the COVID-19 Vaccine Integration Mapping Tool. This paper presents a case study documenting the field testing of the integration mapping tool and assessing the integration of COVID-19 vaccination within primary healthcare and routine immunization in Côte d'Ivoire. The study aims to describe the pilot process, gather feedback on tool usefulness and challenges, and establish integration priorities through roadmap development. METHODS Under the guidance of the Ministry of Health and Universal Coverage Cabinet, a workshop was conducted with participants from major health programs to field test the tool. Data analysis was performed using Excel, and the results were presented through tables, heat maps, and line graphs. RESULTS The first-of-its-kind field test of the integration mapping tool in Côte d'Ivoire showcased its potential to bring key partners together to discuss the current state of integration, improve transparency about resource allocation, and enhance data management for the incorporation of COVID-19 vaccination into existing immunization systems. The integration of COVID-19 vaccines in Côte d'Ivoire showed a moderate level of progress, with improvement needed in resource allocation, payment systems, targeting of highest-risk groups and vaccine administration. Support should be increased for target population identification, distribution points, quality of care mechanisms, and health personnel training. Health information systems and access to essential medicines were relatively satisfactory. Integration into existing programs, intersectoral collaboration, national health strategy, communication strategy, community participation, and data utilization require improvement. The post-workshop satisfaction survey gave the tool a score of 7 out of 10. Early lessons from Côte d'Ivoire provide guidance on enhancing integration, focusing on data-driven decision-making, collaboration, stakeholder engagement, and effective leadership. CONCLUSIONS The field test of the integration mapping tool (IMT) in Côte d'Ivoire is groundbreaking as it exemplifies the transformative potential of innovative tools in immunization practices. Application of the IMT sets a precedent for seamless COVID-19 vaccination integration worldwide, emphasizing data-driven decision-making, collaboration, timing, and leadership. The success of the pilot exercise in Côte d'Ivoire was attributed to political commitment, well-facilitated workshops, assessments, and the fact that the team in the country had previously developed an initial integration plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adidja Amani
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Ekra Kouadio Daniel
- Ministry of Health Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; (E.K.D.); (B.G.); (K.Y.); (A.L.N.)
| | - Brou Gbotto
- Ministry of Health Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; (E.K.D.); (B.G.); (K.Y.); (A.L.N.)
| | - Kossia Yao
- Ministry of Health Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; (E.K.D.); (B.G.); (K.Y.); (A.L.N.)
| | - Aka Lépri Nicaise
- Ministry of Health Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; (E.K.D.); (B.G.); (K.Y.); (A.L.N.)
| | - Epa Kouakou
- UNICEF Country Office Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; (E.K.); (A.G.F.)
| | | | | | | | - Abdou Aziz Gbaya
- UNICEF West and Central Africa Regional Office, Dakar P.O. Box 29720, Senegal;
| | - Oniovo Efe-Aluta
- WHO Inter-Country Support Team of West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;
| | - Franck Mboussou
- WHO Inter-Country Support Team of Central Africa, Libreville, Gabon;
| | - Imran Mirza
- UNICEF HQ, New York, NY 10017, USA; (I.M.); (B.S.)
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Mboussou F, Farham B, Nsasiirwe S, Atagbaza A, Oyaole D, Atuhebwe PL, Alegana V, Osei-sarpong F, Bwaka A, Paluku G, Petu A, Efe-Aluta O, Kalu A, Bagayoko MM, Impouma B. COVID-19 Vaccination in the WHO African Region: Progress Made in 2022 and Factors Associated. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1010. [PMID: 37243114 PMCID: PMC10223522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study summarizes progress made in rolling out COVID-19 vaccinations in the African region in 2022, and analyzes factors associated with vaccination coverage. Data on vaccine uptake reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa by Member States between January 2021 and December 2022, as well as publicly available health and socio-economic data, were used. A negative binomial regression was performed to analyze factors associated with vaccination coverage in 2022. As of the end of 2022, 308.1 million people had completed the primary vaccination series, representing 26.4% of the region's population, compared to 6.3% at the end of 2021. The percentage of health workers with complete primary series was 40.9%. Having carried out at least one high volume mass vaccination campaign in 2022 was associated with high vaccination coverage (β = 0.91, p < 0.0001), while higher WHO funding spent per person vaccinated in 2022 was correlated with lower vaccination coverage (β = -0.26, p < 0.03). All countries should expand efforts to integrate COVID-19 vaccinations into routine immunization and primary health care, and increase investment in vaccine demand generation during the transition period that follows the acute phase of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mboussou
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
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Scotney S, Snidal S, Saidu Y, Ojumu A, Ngatia A, Bagana M, Mutuku F, Sobngwi J, Efe-Aluta O, Roper J, LeTallec Y, Kang'ethe A. Succeeding in New Vaccine Introduction: Lessons Learned From the Introduction of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in Cameroon, Kenya, and Nigeria. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:S130-S136. [PMID: 28838156 PMCID: PMC5853243 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing a new vaccine is a large-scale endeavor that can face many challenges, resulting in introduction delays and inefficiencies. The development of national task teams and tools, such as prelaunch trackers, for the introduction of new vaccines (hereafter, "new vaccine introductions" [NVIs]) can help countries implement robust project management systems, front-load critical preparatory activities, and ensure continuous communication around vaccine supply and financing. In addition, implementing postlaunch assessments to take rapid corrective action accelerates the uptake of the new vaccines. NVIs can provide an opportunity to strengthen routine immunization, through strengthening program management systems or by reinforcing local immunization managers' abilities, among others. This article highlights key lessons learned during the introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in 3 countries that would make future NVIs more successful. The article concludes by considering how the Immunization Systems Management Group of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has been useful to the NVI process and how such global structures could be further enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soleine Scotney
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarah Snidal
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yauba Saidu
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Abiola Ojumu
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Antony Ngatia
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Murtala Bagana
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Faith Mutuku
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joelle Sobngwi
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Oniovo Efe-Aluta
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Julia Roper
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Yann LeTallec
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Kang'ethe
- Vaccines Delivery Team, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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