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Mboussou F, Ndoula ST, Nembot R, Baonga SF, Njinkeu A, Njoh AA, Biey JNM, Kaba M, Amani A, Farham B, Habimana P, Impouma B. Setting up a data system for monitoring malaria vaccine introduction readiness and uptake in 42 health districts in Cameroon. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e015312. [PMID: 38580377 PMCID: PMC11002407 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Three months after the first shipment of RTS,S1/AS01 vaccines, Cameroon started, on 22 January 2024, to roll out malaria vaccines in 42 districts among the most at risk for malaria. Cameroon adopted and implemented the World Health Organization (WHO) malaria vaccine readiness assessment tool to monitor the implementation of preintroduction activities at the district and national levels. One week before the start of the vaccine rollout, overall readiness was estimated at 89% at a national level with two out of the five components of readiness assessment surpassing 95% of performance (vaccine, cold chain and logistics and training) and three components between 80% and 95% (planning, monitoring and supervision, and advocacy, social mobilisation and communication). 'Vaccine, cold chain and logistics' was the component with the highest number of districts recording below 80% readiness. The South-West and North-West, two regions with a high level of insecurity, were the regions with the highest number of districts that recorded a readiness performance below 80% in the five components. To monitor progress in vaccine rollout daily, Cameroon piloted a system for capturing immunisation data by vaccination session coupled with an interactive dashboard using the R Shiny platform. In addition to displaying data on vaccine uptake, this dashboard allows the generation of the monthly immunisation report for all antigens, ensuring linkage to the regular immunisation data system based on the end-of-month reporting through District Health Information Software 2. Such a hybrid system complies with the malaria vaccine rollout principle of full integration into routine immunisation coupled with strengthened management of operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mboussou
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | - Raoul Nembot
- Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon
| | | | - Arnaud Njinkeu
- World Health Organization Country Office for Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Andreas Ateke Njoh
- Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon
- 4School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Joseph Nsiari-Muzeyi Biey
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Mohamed Kaba
- World Health Organization Country Office for Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Adidja Amani
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Bridget Farham
- Communicable and Non Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Phanuel Habimana
- World Health Organization Country Office for Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Benido Impouma
- Communicable and Non Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Congo
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Wolfe CM, Barry A, Campos A, Farham B, Achu D, Juma E, Kalu A, Impouma B. Control, elimination, and eradication efforts for neglected tropical diseases in the World Health Organization African region over the last 30 years: A scoping review. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 141:106943. [PMID: 38266976 PMCID: PMC10927616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES NTDs historically receive less attention than other diseases in the same regions. Recent gap analyses revealed notable shortcomings despite NTD elimination progress. This systematic scoping review was conducted to understand NTD control, elimination, and eradication efforts in the WHO African region over the last 30 years. METHODS Peer-reviewed publications from PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases related to NTD control, elimination, and eradication in the WHO African Region from 1990 to 2022 were reviewed. Included articles were categorized based on NTD; study location, type, and period; and topic areas. Technical and guidance documents from WHO, UN, partner, and academic/research institutions were reviewed. Country-specific multi-year NTD master plans were documented. RESULTS Four hundred eighty peer-reviewed articles, six Cochrane reviews, and 134 technical reports were included. MDA and non-interventional/survey-related studies were common topics. Lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, schistosomiasis, and onchocerciasis were the most frequently studied NTDs. Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Nigeria were the most represented countries; multi-country studies were limited. CONCLUSION The review highlights progress made in NTD control, elimination, and eradication efforts in the WHO African Region and can inform national/regional strategies. Disease and geographical disparities were evident, warranting focus and research in certain countries. A standardized approach to NTD control programs is needed for sustained progress. FUNDING There was no funding source for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Wolfe
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo; University of South Florida College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Abbie Barry
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Adriana Campos
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo; University of South Florida College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bridget Farham
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Dorothy Achu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Elizabeth Juma
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Akpaka Kalu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Benido Impouma
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
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Mboussou F, Nkamedjie P, Oyaole D, Farham B, Atagbaza A, Nsasiirwe S, Costache A, Brooks D, Wiysonge CS, Impouma B. Rapid assessment of data systems for COVID-19 vaccination in the WHO African Region. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e50. [PMID: 38497495 PMCID: PMC11022257 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Most countries in Africa deployed digital solutions to monitor progress in rolling out COVID-19 vaccines. A rapid assessment of existing data systems for COVID-19 vaccines in the African region was conducted between May and July 2022, in 23 countries. Data were collected through interviews with key informants, identified among senior staff within Ministries of Health, using a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. At vaccination sites, individual data were collected in paper-based registers in five countries (21.7%), in an electronic registry in two countries (8.7%), and in the remaining 16 countries (69.6%) using a combination of paper-based and electronic registries. Of the 18 countries using client-based digital registries, 11 (61%) deployed the District Health Information System 2 Tracker, and seven (39%), a locally developed platform. The mean percentage of individual data transcribed in the electronic registries was 61% ± 36% standard deviation. Unreliable Internet coverage (100% of countries), non-payment of data clerks' incentives (89%), and lack of electronic devices (89%) were the main reasons for the suboptimal functioning of digital systems quoted by key informants. It is critical for investments made and experience acquired in deploying electronic platforms for COVID-19 vaccines to be leveraged to strengthen routine immunization data management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mboussou
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | - Daniel Oyaole
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Bridget Farham
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Ajiri Atagbaza
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Sheillah Nsasiirwe
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | - Donald Brooks
- World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines & Biologicals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Benido Impouma
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
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Mboussou F, Kada S, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Farham B, Gacic-Dobo M, Shearer JC, Bwaka A, Amani A, Ngom R, Vuo-Masembe Y, Wiysonge CS, Impouma B. Status of Routine Immunization Coverage in the World Health Organization African Region Three Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:168. [PMID: 38400151 PMCID: PMC10891650 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Data from the WHO and UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage (WUENIC) 2022 revision were analyzed to assess the status of routine immunization in the WHO African Region disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, coverage for the first and third doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine (DTP1 and DTP3, respectively) and the first dose of the measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) in the region was estimated at 80%, 72% and 69%, respectively (all below the 2019 level). Only 13 of the 47 countries (28%) achieved the global target coverage of 90% or above with DTP3 in 2022. From 2019 to 2022, 28.7 million zero-dose children were recorded (19.0% of the target population). Ten countries in the region accounted for 80.3% of all zero-dose children, including the four most populated countries. Reported administrative coverage greater than WUENIC-reported coverage was found in 19 countries, highlighting routine immunization data quality issues. The WHO African Region has not yet recovered from COVID-19 disruptions to routine immunization. It is critical for governments to ensure that processes are in place to prioritize investments for restoring immunization services, catching up on the vaccination of zero-dose and under-vaccinated children and improving data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mboussou
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | | | | | - Bridget Farham
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Marta Gacic-Dobo
- World Health Organization Headquarters, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ado Bwaka
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Adidja Amani
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Roland Ngom
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Yolande Vuo-Masembe
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Charles Shey Wiysonge
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Benido Impouma
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
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Shragai T, Bukhari A, Atagbaza AO, Oyaole DR, Shah R, Volkmann K, Kamau L, Sheillah N, Farham B, Wong MK, Lam E, Mboussou F, Impouma B. Strengthening the WHO Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) COVID-19 vaccination information system. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014097. [PMID: 38290787 PMCID: PMC10828888 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes the process and impact of strengthening the WHO Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO)'s COVID-19 vaccination information system. This system plays a critical role in tracking vaccination coverage, guiding resource allocation and supporting vaccination campaign roll-out for countries in the African region. Recognising existing data management issues, including complex reporting prone to human error, compromised data quality and underutilisation of collected data, WHO AFRO introduced significant system improvements during the COVID-19 pandemic. These improvements include shifting from an Excel-based to an online Azure-based data collection system, automating data processing and validation, and expansion of collected data. These changes have led to improvements in data quality and quantity including a decrease in data non-validity, missingness, and record duplication, and expansion of data collection forms to include a greater number of data fields, offering a more comprehensive understanding of vaccination efforts. Finally, the creation of accessible information products-including an interactive public dashboard, a weekly data pack and a public monthly bulletin-has improved data use and reach to relevant partners. These resources provide crucial insights into the region's vaccination progress at national and subnational levels, thereby enabling data-driven decision-making to improve programme performance. Overall, the strengthening of the WHO AFRO COVID-19 vaccination information system can serve as a model for similar efforts in other WHO regions and contexts. The impact of system strengthening on data quality demonstrated here underscores the vital role of robust data collection, capacity building and management systems in achieving high-quality data on vaccine distribution and coverage. Continued investment in information systems is essential for effective and equitable public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Shragai
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arish Bukhari
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | | | - Ronak Shah
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | - Leacky Kamau
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Nsasiirwe Sheillah
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Bridget Farham
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Man Kai Wong
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eugene Lam
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Franck Mboussou
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Benido Impouma
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
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6
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Farham B. A national disgrace - again. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:4. [PMID: 37882109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
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7
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Farham B. Misinformation and vaccine confidence. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:4. [PMID: 37882034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
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8
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Farham B. CPD. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:60. [PMID: 37882033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
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9
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Mboussou F, Farham B, Nsasiirwe S, Atagbaza A, Oyaole D, Atuhebwe PL, Alegana V, Osei-sarpong F, Bwaka A, Paluku G, Petu A, Efe-Aluta O, Kalu A, Bagayoko MM, Impouma B. COVID-19 Vaccination in the WHO African Region: Progress Made in 2022 and Factors Associated. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1010. [PMID: 37243114 PMCID: PMC10223522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study summarizes progress made in rolling out COVID-19 vaccinations in the African region in 2022, and analyzes factors associated with vaccination coverage. Data on vaccine uptake reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa by Member States between January 2021 and December 2022, as well as publicly available health and socio-economic data, were used. A negative binomial regression was performed to analyze factors associated with vaccination coverage in 2022. As of the end of 2022, 308.1 million people had completed the primary vaccination series, representing 26.4% of the region's population, compared to 6.3% at the end of 2021. The percentage of health workers with complete primary series was 40.9%. Having carried out at least one high volume mass vaccination campaign in 2022 was associated with high vaccination coverage (β = 0.91, p < 0.0001), while higher WHO funding spent per person vaccinated in 2022 was correlated with lower vaccination coverage (β = -0.26, p < 0.03). All countries should expand efforts to integrate COVID-19 vaccinations into routine immunization and primary health care, and increase investment in vaccine demand generation during the transition period that follows the acute phase of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mboussou
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
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10
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Farham B. Immunisation. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:e1. [PMID: 37283151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
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11
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Farham B. Eliminating HIV vertical transmission - a long road ahead. S Afr Med J 2022; 112:837. [PMID: 36420727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
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12
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Impouma B, Carr ALJ, Spina A, Mboussou F, Ogundiran O, Moussana F, Williams GS, Wolfe CM, Farham B, Flahault A, Codeco Tores C, Abbate JL, Coelho FC, Keiser O. Time to death and risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 cases in countries within the WHO African region in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:1-29. [PMID: 35177157 PMCID: PMC9002149 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882100251x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 cases reported in the WHO African region between 21 March and 31 October 2020. Average hazard ratios of death were calculated using weighted Cox regression as well as median time to death for key risk factors. We included 46 870 confirmed cases reported by eight Member States in the region. The overall incidence was 20.06 per 100 000, with a total of 803 deaths and a total observation time of 3 959 874 person-days. Male sex (aHR 1.54 (95% CI 1.31–1.81); P < 0.001), older age (aHR 1.08 (95% CI 1.07–1.08); P < 0.001), persons who lived in a capital city (aHR 1.42 (95% CI 1.22–1.65); P < 0.001) and those with one or more comorbidity (aHR 36.37 (95% CI 20.26–65.27); P < 0.001) had a higher hazard of death. Being a healthcare worker reduced the average hazard of death by 40% (aHR 0.59 (95% CI 0.37–0.93); P = 0.024). Time to death was significantly less for persons ≥60 years (P = 0.038) and persons residing in capital cities (P < 0.001). The African region has COVID-19-related mortality similar to that of other regions, and is likely underestimated. Similar risk factors contribute to COVID-19-associated mortality as identified in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benido Impouma
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alice L. J. Carr
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Alexander Spina
- University of Exeter Medical School, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Franck Mboussou
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Opeayo Ogundiran
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Fleury Moussana
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | - Caitlin M. Wolfe
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bridget Farham
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica L. Abbate
- UMI TransVIHMI (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier), Montpellier, France
- The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivia Keiser
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland
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Impouma B, Roelens M, Williams GS, Flahault A, Codeço CT, Moussana F, Farham B, Hamblion EL, Mboussou F, Keiser O. Measuring Timeliness of Outbreak Response in the World Health Organization African Region, 2017-2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:2555-2564. [PMID: 33079032 PMCID: PMC7588517 DOI: 10.3201/eid2611.191766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale protracted outbreaks can be prevented through early detection, notification, and rapid control. We assessed trends in timeliness of detecting and responding to outbreaks in the African Region reported to the World Health Organization during 2017–2019. We computed the median time to each outbreak milestone and assessed the rates of change over time using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. We selected 296 outbreaks from 348 public reported health events and evaluated 184 for time to detection, 232 for time to notification, and 201 for time to end. Time to detection and end decreased over time, whereas time to notification increased. Multiple factors can account for these findings, including scaling up support to member states after the World Health Organization established its Health Emergencies Programme and support given to countries from donors and partners to strengthen their core capacities for meeting International Health Regulations.
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Farham B. The initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis of new cancers at a large pathology laboratory in the public health sector, Western Cape Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J 2021; 111:13325. [PMID: 34382575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Farham
- South African Medical Association, South Africa.
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15
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Farham B, Jacobson B. The J&J COVID-19 vaccine: Fit for purpose in our setting. S Afr Med J 2021; 111:12878. [PMID: 34382557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Farham
- South African Medical Association.
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Farham B. Peer review – challenges, pitfalls and trust. S AFR J SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2020/8796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Farham
- Editor, South African Medical Journal, Cape Town, South Africa
- Consultant, WHO African Regional Office, Emergency Preparedness and Response, Health Information and Risk Assessment Programme, Brazaville, Republic of the Congo
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Farham B. Where are we now? S Afr Med J 2016; 106:4. [PMID: 27303771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
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Farham B. Dr Farham responds. S Afr Med J 2013; 103:132. [PMID: 23607113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
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Farham B. Family meals and old age. S Afr Med J 2006; 96:606, 608. [PMID: 16958164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
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Farham B. Race, ethnicity and medical research. S Afr Med J 2006; 96:606. [PMID: 16955954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
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Farham B. Type 2 diabetics: are they getting adequate care in general practice? S Afr Med J 2005; 95:672. [PMID: 16327922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
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