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González Garello T, Barbeito-Andrés J, Pérez A, Cueto G, Nuñez P, Bonfili N, Gonzalez P. Head circumference at birth and postnatal growth trajectory in vulnerable groups from Argentina. Am J Biol Anthropol 2024:e24921. [PMID: 38426243 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between the anthropometric status at birth and brain and bone growth during the first year of life. According to the brain-sparing hypothesis, we expect catch-up to be faster in head circumference (HC) than in body length. METHODS This is a longitudinal design that included Argentinian infants under 12 months of age with at least three anthropometric records. We classified study participants into four growth status categories according to z-scores for HC (HCZ) and length (LAZ) at birth, with z-score = -2 as a threshold. We used the Count model to describe growth trajectories in HC and length in the first year of life according to the growth status at birth. Recovery indicator for HC and length was taken as the time until the predicted growth trajectory surpassed the threshold curve predicted by z-score = -2 for age. RESULTS Growth models included 3399 infants. There were significant differences in the growth parameters between groups in all cases (p < 0.05). Within the group with a low HCZ and a low LAZ at birth, HC recovery was faster than length. In the case of a low z-score for only one of the variables, newborns with a low HCZ recovered faster than individuals born with a low LAZ. CONCLUSIONS The postnatal growth pattern in HC and length is associated with the growth status of HC and length at birth. As we hypothesized, the fastest postnatal recovery occurs for HC in cases of intrauterine delayed growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás González Garello
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Barbeito-Andrés
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET, Hospital "El Cruce", Universidad Arturo Jauretche, Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Cueto
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Nuñez
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Bonfili
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET, Hospital "El Cruce", Universidad Arturo Jauretche, Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | - Paula Gonzalez
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET, Hospital "El Cruce", Universidad Arturo Jauretche, Florencio Varela, Argentina
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Mboussou F, Kada S, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Farham B, Gacic-Dobo M, Shearer JC, Bwaka A, Amani A, Ngom R, Vuo-Masembe Y, Wiysonge CS, Impouma B. Status of Routine Immunization Coverage in the World Health Organization African Region Three Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:168. [PMID: 38400151 PMCID: PMC10891650 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Data from the WHO and UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage (WUENIC) 2022 revision were analyzed to assess the status of routine immunization in the WHO African Region disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, coverage for the first and third doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine (DTP1 and DTP3, respectively) and the first dose of the measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) in the region was estimated at 80%, 72% and 69%, respectively (all below the 2019 level). Only 13 of the 47 countries (28%) achieved the global target coverage of 90% or above with DTP3 in 2022. From 2019 to 2022, 28.7 million zero-dose children were recorded (19.0% of the target population). Ten countries in the region accounted for 80.3% of all zero-dose children, including the four most populated countries. Reported administrative coverage greater than WUENIC-reported coverage was found in 19 countries, highlighting routine immunization data quality issues. The WHO African Region has not yet recovered from COVID-19 disruptions to routine immunization. It is critical for governments to ensure that processes are in place to prioritize investments for restoring immunization services, catching up on the vaccination of zero-dose and under-vaccinated children and improving data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mboussou
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | | | | | - Bridget Farham
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Marta Gacic-Dobo
- World Health Organization Headquarters, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ado Bwaka
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Adidja Amani
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Roland Ngom
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Yolande Vuo-Masembe
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Charles Shey Wiysonge
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Benido Impouma
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
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Tanaka T, Yokoya S, Yoshii K. Analysis of the distribution of adult height standard deviation scores in relation to prepubertal height standard deviation scores using longitudinal growth data: -Investigation of the catch-up rates of children with short stature to attain normal adult height. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2023; 32:206-212. [PMID: 37842139 PMCID: PMC10568575 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2023-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the longitudinal growth data of 13,809 individuals in the Akita Prefecture, the percentage distributions of their adult height (AH) standard deviation scores (SDS) in relation to their prepubertal height SDS were obtained. The AH SDS increased with negative prepubertal height SDS and decreased with positive prepubertal height SDS, showing that a greater amount of change was associated with a greater interval of the prepubertal height SDS from the mean. The proportions of individuals who achieved normal AH stratified by prepubertal height SDS were as follows: 67.1%, in the group with prepubertal height SDS of -2.5 < to ≤ -2.0 SD, 46.0% in the group with -3.0 < to ≤ -2.5 SD, 75.2% in the group with +2.0 ≤ to < +2.5 SD, and 55.1% in the group with +2.5 ≤ to < +3.0 SD. Of all participants with short stature at prepuberty, 58.4%, 33.8%, 8.3%, and 0% of those with prepubertal height SDS of ≤ -2.0 SD, ≤ -2.5 SD, ≤ -3.0 SD, and ≤ -3.5 SD attained normal AH, respectively. On average, it is difficult for children with prepubertal height SDS of ≤ -2.5 SD to attain normal AH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susumu Yokoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshii
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Cunniff L, Alyanak E, Fix A, Novak M, Peterson M, Mevis K, Eiden AL, Bhatti A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination uptake in the United States and strategies to recover and improve vaccination rates: A review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2246502. [PMID: 37671468 PMCID: PMC10484032 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2246502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine healthcare delivery, causing declines in CDC-recommended vaccination rates across the life-course in the United States (US). Ensuring protection against disease outbreaks and associated morbidity and mortality depends on improving vaccine coverage rates (VCRs) and uptake. The authors conducted a targeted literature review to assess the pandemic's effects on routine vaccination rates across different populations, evaluating VCR recovery and improvement efforts. The review highlights articles published with data measuring or evaluating VCR decline across the US during the COVID-19 pandemic from January 2020 to April 2022, associated health impacts, and policy and programmatic strategies to recover routine VCRs. While vaccination rates stagnated or declined across some populations pre-pandemic, the review indicated there were further VCR declines in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019 across numerous CDC-recommended vaccines, ages, and geographies, with some vaccines and sub-populations disproportionally impacted. The review additionally identified declines in patient healthcare visit frequency and increases in morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) complications. Reviewed publications highlighted multifaceted strategies that could aid in recovering VCRs. Overall, findings demonstrate a significant reduction in VCRs across all age groups and highlight promising solutions to inform vaccine uptake efforts and ensure broader protection against VPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Cunniff
- Global Vaccines Public Policy and Partnerships, Merck & Co., Inc., . Rahway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kate Mevis
- Global Vaccines Public Policy and Partnerships, Merck & Co., Inc., . Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Amanda L. Eiden
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Alexandra Bhatti
- Global Vaccines Public Policy and Partnerships, Merck & Co., Inc., . Rahway, NJ, USA
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Li X, Hodgson D, Flaig J, Kieffer A, Herring WL, Beyhaghi H, Willem L, Jit M, Bilcke J, Beutels P. Cost-Effectiveness of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Preventive Interventions in Children: A Model Comparison Study. Value Health 2023; 26:508-518. [PMID: 36442831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Model-based cost-effectiveness analyses on maternal vaccine (MV) and monoclonal antibody (mAb) interventions against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) use context-specific data and produce varied results. Through model comparison, we aim to characterize RSV cost-effectiveness models and examine drivers for their outputs. METHODS We compared 3 static and 2 dynamic models using a common input parameter set for a hypothetical birth cohort of 100 000 infants. Year-round and seasonal programs were evaluated for MV and mAb interventions, using available evidence during the study period (eg, phase III MV and phase IIb mAb efficacy). RESULTS Three static models estimated comparable medically attended (MA) cases averted versus no intervention (MV, 1019-1073; mAb, 5075-5487), with the year-round MV directly saving ∼€1 million medical and €0.3 million nonmedical costs, while gaining 4 to 5 discounted quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) annually in <1-year-olds, and mAb resulting in €4 million medical and €1.5 million nonmedical cost savings, and 21 to 25 discounted QALYs gained. In contrast, both dynamic models estimated fewer MA cases averted (MV, 402-752; mAb, 3362-4622); one showed an age shift of RSV cases, whereas the other one reported many non-MA symptomatic cases averted, especially by MV (2014). These differences can be explained by model types, assumptions on non-MA burden, and interventions' effectiveness over time. CONCLUSIONS Our static and dynamic models produced overall similar hospitalization and death estimates, but also important differences, especially in non-MA cases averted. Despite the small QALY decrement per non-MA case, their larger number makes them influential for the costs per QALY gained of RSV interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - David Hodgson
- Center of Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
| | - Julien Flaig
- Epidemiology and Modeling of Infectious Diseases (EPIMOD), Lyon, France
| | - Alexia Kieffer
- Health Economics and Value Assessment, Sanofi, Lyon, France
| | - William L Herring
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lander Willem
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mark Jit
- Center of Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
| | - Joke Bilcke
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Beutels
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Cienfuegos-González P, Madrid-Álvarez E, Fernández-Prada M, Zapico-Baragaño M, Martín-Aragonés E, López-Fernández L. EE-7853. Campaña de captación ( catch-up) con COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados: implementación y resultados. Vacunas 2022. [PMCID: PMC9578742 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2022.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A pesar de las campañas oficiales de vacunación dirigidas a la población por parte de las autoridades sanitarias, aún se identifican personas que no han recibido ninguna dosis de vacuna o que registran pauta incompleta. El objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer la campaña de captación (catch-up) frente a COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos Se revisaron los calendarios de vacunación COVID-19 de los pacientes que estaban hospitalizados entre el 08/11/2021 y el 27/06/2022 justo en el momento en que el paciente se encontraba en el centro asistencial. En aquellos que no presentaban registro de vacunación COVID-19 o que presentaban pauta incompleta se registraba en la hoja de evolución clínica ofreciendo la vacuna COVID-19 durante la estancia hospitalaria o su programación tras el alta. El facultativo y la enfermera le trasladaban esta información al paciente haciendo hincapié en esta medida preventiva. Si el paciente accedía a vacunarse, se contactaba con la Unidad de Vacunas para proceder a la vacunación. Resultados Se evaluaron un total de 2.961 pacientes. De ellos, 2.700 (91,18%) estaban correctamente vacunados según las indicaciones de vacunación vigentes. De los 261 (8,81%) restantes, 174 (66,66%) estaban pendientes de alguna dosis mientras que 87 (33,33%) habían rechazado vacunación. Tras registrar y ofrecerles la vacunación de manera oportunista a propósito de su hospitalización se consiguió que 66 (37,93%) de los que registraban vacunación incompleta continuaran con la pauta antes del alta hospitalaria y que 16 (18,39%) de los que habían rechazado previamente la vacunación, iniciaran la pauta durante su ingreso. La estrategia consiguió el catch-up frente a COVID-19 en 82 (31,41%) pacientes. Conclusiones La presente campaña de catch-up se considera efectiva. La vacunación oportunista durante la hospitalización debe tenerse en cuenta como una estrategia útil para la mejora de las coberturas de vacunación globales.
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Fernández-prada M, del Río AS, González-gonzález C, Martín-aragonés E, López-fernández L, Cienfuegos-gonzález P. EE-7888. Campaña de captación ( catch-up) con COVID-19 en gestantes: implementación y resultados. Vacunas 2022; 23:31-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2022.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
La vacunación frente a COVID-19 en gestantes ha demostrado ser segura y eficaz en cualquier trimestre del embarazo. A pesar de ello, a lo largo de la pandemia se han identificado mujeres reticentes a la vacunación. El objetivo es exponer la implementación y los resultados de una campaña de captación (catch-up) frente a COVID-19 en gestantes. Métodos Se realizó la revisión de la vacunación frente a COVID-19 en las mujeres con episodios activos de gestación en OMI-AP entre el 01/01/2019 y el 10/09/2021. Las gestantes que no estaban correctamente vacunadas (ninguna dosis administrada o pauta incompleta) recibieron por correo postal una carta nominal firmada por el Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública (MPySP) y el Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia (GyO) en la que se informaba sobre su situación vacunal y la importancia de recibir las vacunas. Asimismo, se les facilitaba un teléfono de contacto para solicitar cita y un correo electrónico para solucionar dudas. Resultados Se evaluaron 722 mujeres, de ellas, 645 (89,34%) estaban correctamente vacunadas mientras que 77 (10,66%) mostraban vacunación incorrecta. En estas 77 mujeres se encontró que 60 (77,92%) no habían recibido ninguna vacuna, 11 (14,29%) registraban pauta incompleta, 3 (3,89%) las había recibido en otra comunidad autónoma y 3 (3,89%) había cursado COVID-19 antes de la primera dosis considerándose pauta completa. Tras el envío de las cartas se consiguió que de las 60 mujeres que habían rechazado, 28 (46,67%) iniciaran pauta y de las 11 (14,29%) que solo habían recibido una primera dosis se logró que 9 (81,82%) la completasen. Por tanto, de las 71 mujeres candidatas a mejorar su estado vacunal se realizó catch-up en 37 (52,11%). Conclusiones La presente campaña de catch-up ha sido efectiva. Estas estrategias deben considerarse para mejorar las coberturas de vacunación de este colectivo.
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Depoortere S, Lapillonne A, Sfeir R, Bonnard A, Gelas T, Panait N, Rabattu PY, Guignot A, Lamireau T, Irtan S, Habonimana E, Breton A, Fouquet V, Allal H, Elbaz F, Talon I, Ranke A, Abely M, Michel JL, Lirussi Borgnon J, Buisson P, Schmitt F, Lardy H, Petit T, Chaussy Y, Borderon C, Levard G, Cremillieux C, Tolg C, Breaud J, Jaby O, Grossos C, De Vries P, Arnould M, Pelatan C, Geiss S, Laplace C, Kyheng M, Nicolas A, Aumar M, Gottrand F. Nutritional status at age 1 year in patients born with esophageal atresia: A population-based, prospective cohort study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:969617. [PMID: 35990006 PMCID: PMC9387303 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.969617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite recent progress in caring for patients born with esophageal atresia (EA), undernutrition and stunting remain common. Our study objective was to assess nutritional status in the first year after birth with EA and to identify factors associated with growth failure. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a population-based study of all infants born in France with EA between 2010 and 2016. Through the national EA register, we collected prenatal to 1 year follow-up data. We used body mass index and length-for-age ratio Z scores to define patients who were undernourished and stunted, respectively. Factors with P < 0.20 in univariate analyses were retained in a logistic regression model. RESULTS Among 1,154 patients born with EA, body mass index and length-for-age ratio Z scores at 1 year were available for about 61%. Among these, 15.2% were undernourished and 19% were stunted at the age of 1 year. There was no significant catch-up between ages 6 months and 1 year. Patients born preterm (41%), small for gestational age (17%), or with associated abnormalities (55%) were at higher risk of undernutrition and stunting at age 1 year (P < 0.05). Neither EA type nor surgical treatment was associated with growth failure. CONCLUSION Undernutrition and stunting are common during the first year after birth in patients born with EA. These outcomes are significantly influenced by early factors, regardless of EA type or surgical management. Identifying high-risk patient groups with EA (i.e., those born preterm, small for gestational age, and/or with associated abnormalities) may guide early nutritional support strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Depoortere
- Univ. Lille, CRACMO Reference Center for Rare Esophageal Diseases, CHU Lille, INFINITE U1286, Lille, France
| | | | - Rony Sfeir
- Univ. Lille, CRACMO Reference Center for Rare Esophageal Diseases, CHU Lille, INFINITE U1286, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabine Irtan
- University Hospital APHP Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne Breton
- University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hossein Allal
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Michel Abely
- University Hospital of Reims, Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Jean-Luc Michel
- University Hospital of La Réunion, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Chaussy
- University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Corinne Borderon
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Cécilia Tolg
- University Hospital of Fort De France, Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maéva Kyheng
- CHU Lille-Department of Biostatistics, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Nicolas
- Univ. Lille, CRACMO Reference Center for Rare Esophageal Diseases, CHU Lille, INFINITE U1286, Lille, France
| | - Madeleine Aumar
- Univ. Lille, CRACMO Reference Center for Rare Esophageal Diseases, CHU Lille, INFINITE U1286, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, CRACMO Reference Center for Rare Esophageal Diseases, CHU Lille, INFINITE U1286, Lille, France
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Moussaoui S, Aurousseau AM, Nappez S, Cornaglia J, Delobre G, Blanchi S, Luan L, Vandentorren S, Bouchaud O, Launay O, Nutte L, Liard R, Skendi M, Mechain M, Vignier N. Immunization Catch-Up for Newly Arrived Migrants in France: A Cross-Sectional Study among French General Practitioners. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:681. [PMID: 34205585 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Migrants often undergo an incomplete vaccination program in regards to the French recommendations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practices of French General Practitioners’ (GPs) in terms of catch-up vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried-out in 2017–2018 in France. An online questionnaire was disseminated by email through scholarly societies to GPs involved in the care and the vaccination of migrants. Analyses included univariate and multivariate analysis with a logistic regression model. Results: A total of 216 GPs completed the survey. A majority identified themselves with an average level regarding the prevention of infectious diseases among migrant populations (56.7%) and confirmed this is part of their daily practice (83.3%). The majority of respondents do not perform more than two injections on the same day. When compared to GPs working in health centres, those with a private practice are more likely to report returning to a full primary vaccination schedule (adjusted OR = 2.90, 95% CI [1.29–6.53]). Aside from the serology for hepatitis B and to a lesser extent for measles, other pre-vaccination serologies were not frequently used by GPs. When a migrant declares to be up-to-date with his immunisations, only 56.5% of doctors consider this information reliable. Conclusions: This study clarified the vaccination practices of GPs receiving migrant patients in consultation and showed its heterogeneity. An important need for benchmarks has been identified and these results were used for the elaboration of the French guidelines on vaccines catch-up.
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Leroy JL, Frongillo EA, Dewan P, Black MM, Waterland RA. Can Children Catch up from the Consequences of Undernourishment? Evidence from Child Linear Growth, Developmental Epigenetics, and Brain and Neurocognitive Development. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1032-1041. [PMID: 32584399 PMCID: PMC7360439 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery from nutritionally induced height deficits continues to garner attention. The current literature on catch-up growth, however, has 2 important limitations: wide-ranging definitions of catch-up growth are used, and it remains unclear whether children can recover from the broader consequences of undernutrition. We addressed these shortcomings by reviewing the literature on the criteria for catch-up in linear growth and on the potential to recover from undernutrition early in life in 3 domains: linear growth, developmental epigenetics, and child brain and neurocognitive development. Four criteria must be met to demonstrate catch-up growth in height: after a period in which a growth-inhibiting condition (criterion 1) causes a reduction in linear growth velocity (criterion 2), alleviation of the inhibiting condition (criterion 3) leads to higher-than-normal velocity (criterion 4). Accordingly, studies that are observational, do not use absolute height, or have no alleviation of an inhibiting condition cannot be used to establish catch-up growth. Adoption and foster care, which provide dramatic improvements in children's living conditions not typically attained in nutrition interventions, led to some (but incomplete) recovery in linear growth and brain and neurocognitive development. Maternal nutrition around the time of conception was shown to have long-term (potentially permanent) effects on DNA methylation in the offspring. Undernourishment early in life may thus have profound irreversible effects. Scientific, program, and policy efforts should focus on preventing maternal and child undernutrition rather than on correcting its consequences or attempting to prove they can be corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef L Leroy
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Pragya Dewan
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert A Waterland
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Prada Rico M, Fernandez Hernandez M, Castellanos MC, Prado Agredo OL, Pedraza Carvajal A, González Chaparro LE, Gastelbondo Amaya R, Benavides Viveros CA. Growth characterization in a cohort of renal allograft recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13632. [PMID: 31833221 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth retardation is a common problem in children with CKD. This study aims to describe growth, prevalence of short stature before RTx, catch-up growth after RTx, and associated factors. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 74 renal allograft recipients who underwent RTx at Fundación Cardioinfantil, Colombia, between January 2008 and September 2016 with follow-up for 2 years afterwards. Pre-RTx Height_SDS and demographic characteristics were compared between children with normal and short stature. Post-RTx Height_SDS at 1 and 2 years post-RTx and FAH, when available, were retrieved. Children were classified into catch-up growth and no catch-up growth groups depending on whether or not Height_SDS increased ≥0.5 per year within the first 2 years post-RTx. Possible associated factors were compared. RESULTS Seventy-four patients were included. Mean age at RTx was 11 ± 4.0 years, and 43.2% (32/74) were females. Mean Height_SDS for the entire study population at pre-RTx was -2.8 ± 1.5. Before RTx, 68.9% (51/74) had short stature, and 44.6% (33/74) had severe short stature. 37.2% presented catch-up growth post-RTx. Time on dialysis was associated with short pre-RTx stature (OR 1.66; 95% CI [1.15-2.39]; P = .006) and catch-up growth (OR 2.15; 95% CI [1.15-3.99]; P = .016). 44.59% (33/74) reached FAH, and 48.4% (16/33) presented short FAH. CONCLUSIONS Growth continues to be suboptimal after RTx. Given that pre-RTx height is a significantly associated factor, it is important to plan early interventions in terms of growth improvement in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayerly Prada Rico
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, Pediatrics Department, Fundación Cardio-infantil, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Monica Fernandez Hernandez
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Pediatrics Department, Fundación Cardio-infantil, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Marcela C Castellanos
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, Pediatrics Department, Fundación Cardio-infantil, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Olga L Prado Agredo
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, Pediatrics Department, Fundación Cardio-infantil, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Pedraza Carvajal
- Pediatric Kidney Transplant Division, Kidney Transplant Department, Fundación Cardio-infantil, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Luz E González Chaparro
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, Pediatrics Department, Fundación Cardio-infantil, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Gastelbondo Amaya
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, Pediatrics Department, Fundación Cardio-infantil, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Benavides Viveros
- Pediatric Kidney Transplant Division, Kidney Transplant Department, Fundación Cardio-infantil, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Nachmani O, Coutinho J, Khan AZ, Lefèvre P, Blohm G. Predicted Position Error Triggers Catch-Up Saccades during Sustained Smooth Pursuit. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0196-18.2019. [PMID: 31862791 PMCID: PMC6964921 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0196-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For humans, visual tracking of moving stimuli often triggers catch-up saccades during smooth pursuit. The switch between these continuous and discrete eye movements is a trade-off between tolerating sustained position error (PE) when no saccade is triggered or a transient loss of vision during the saccade due to saccadic suppression. de Brouwer et al. (2002b) demonstrated that catch-up saccades were less likely to occur when the target re-crosses the fovea within 40-180 ms. To date, there is no mechanistic explanation for how the trigger decision is made by the brain. Recently, we proposed a stochastic decision model for saccade triggering during visual tracking (Coutinho et al., 2018) that relies on a probabilistic estimate of predicted PE (PEpred). Informed by model predictions, we hypothesized that saccade trigger time length and variability will increase when pre-saccadic predicted errors are small or visual uncertainty is high (e.g., for blurred targets). Data collected from human participants performing a double step-ramp task showed that large pre-saccadic PEpred (>10°) produced short saccade trigger times regardless of the level of uncertainty while saccade trigger times preceded by small PEpred (<10°) significantly increased in length and variability, and more so for blurred targets. Our model also predicted increased signal-dependent noise (SDN) as retinal slip (RS) increases; in our data, this resulted in longer saccade trigger times and more smooth trials without saccades. In summary, our data supports our hypothesized predicted error-based decision process for coordinating saccades during smooth pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Nachmani
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Jonathan Coutinho
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Aarlenne Z Khan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
- VISATTAC, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Ontario, Canada H3T 1P1
| | - Philippe Lefèvre
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium MJ98+V6
| | - Gunnar Blohm
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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13
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Kellogg C, Shu J, Arroyo A, Dinh NT, Wade N, Sanchez E, Equils O. A significant portion of college students are not aware of HPV disease and HPV vaccine recommendations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1760-1766. [PMID: 31166148 PMCID: PMC6746478 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1627819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited data on the HPV immunization status of Latino/Hispanic youth in the USA. In Los Angeles County in 2015, 54,973 (34.3%) college students were of Latino/Hispanic background. We examined Los Angeles County college students’ awareness of HPV and HPV-related disease, HPV vaccine recommendations, and their vaccination status. This study surveyed 212 Los Angeles college students from January to April 2018. In a convenience sampling study, a 31-question, IRB-approved survey was administered face-to-face to college students 18 years and older at California State University settings in Los Angeles County. Almost two-thirds of the male (65%) and half of the female (51.6%) respondents did not know that the HPV vaccine is recommended through 26 years of age, and 47.6% did not know they can get the HPV vaccine at the college student health center or youth-friendly clinics. Ethnicity, family income, and the highest level of education in the family had a significant impact on immunization rates. Self-reported and actual HPV knowledge levels were significantly associated with vaccination status. Educational strategies focusing on the logistics of receiving the HPV vaccine and HPV vaccine catch-up eligibility for college students may be effective in decreasing racial disparities in vaccine receipt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Kellogg
- a MiOra , Encino , CA , USA.,b University of California San Diego School of Medicine , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Janella Shu
- a MiOra , Encino , CA , USA.,c UCLA Masters of Applied Statistics Program, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Ayana Arroyo
- a MiOra , Encino , CA , USA.,d East Los Angeles College, Physician Assistant Program , Monterey Park , CA , USA
| | - Ngoc Tuyen Dinh
- a MiOra , Encino , CA , USA.,e Community Health Science and School Health Program, California State University , Long Beach , CA , USA
| | - Nia Wade
- a MiOra , Encino , CA , USA.,e Community Health Science and School Health Program, California State University , Long Beach , CA , USA.,f Pre-Med Program, East Los Angeles College , Monterey Park , CA , USA
| | - Elizabeth Sanchez
- a MiOra , Encino , CA , USA.,e Community Health Science and School Health Program, California State University , Long Beach , CA , USA
| | - Ozlem Equils
- a MiOra , Encino , CA , USA.,g Immunization Coalition of Los Angeles County and Immunize LA Families Coalition , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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14
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Huang L, Yang S, Yang F, Xiong F. A prospective study about physical growth of children from birth to 2 years old born full-term small-for-gestational-age. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:199-204. [PMID: 30066971 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the growth trend of children from birth to 2 years old born full-term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in Chengdu, China. METHODS Full-term SGA infants were prospectively followed from birth to 2 years of age. The weight, length and head circumference were monitored at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Catch-up growth and growth velocity were measured by using standardised z-score and Δz-score. Growth deviation was analysed. RESULTS A total of 850 full-term SGA infants were involved in our study. There were no significant differences in weight or length at birth between male and female infants. Full catch-up growth was seen in 95.85% of SGA infants within 2 years of life, with no gender differences. The z-score and Δz-score for weight at 3 months were less than those at other ages (P < 0.05). The z-score and Δz-score for length at 3 and 6 months were less than those at other ages (P < 0.05). Smaller z-score for head circumference was seen at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05). The z-score for body mass index at 6 months was the largest over the period of follow-up. The total prevalence of being overweight or obese fluctuated around 10% at different follow-up stages. Males had a faster growth velocity for length at 12 months compared to females (P < 0.05). The proportion of those who were underweight, of short stature or had a head circumference z-score < -2 significantly decreased between 3 and 6 months. At 24 months, there was an increase in z-score of 0.67 standard deviation for both weight and length in most full-term SGA infants, and the proportion of underweight and short stature was 2.97 and 2.67%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Most full-term SGA infants undergo catch-up growth during the first year of life. Regardless of gender, the catch-up velocity for weight exceeded that for length at each visit. Additional follow-up studies are needed to determine long-term growth outcomes for full-term SGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sufei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Le Polain De Waroux O, Edmunds WJ, Takahashi K, Ariyoshi K, Mulholland EK, Goldblatt D, Choi YH, Anh DD, Yoshida LM, Flasche S. Predicting the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme options in Vietnam. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1939-1947. [PMID: 29781740 PMCID: PMC6149911 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1467201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although catch-up campaigns (CCs) at the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) may accelerate their impact, supply constraints may limit their benefit if the need for additional PCV doses results in introduction delay. We studied the impact of PCV13 introduction with and without CC in Nha Trang, Vietnam – a country that has not yet introduced PCV – through a dynamic transmission model. We modelled the impact on carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) of routine vaccination (RV) only and that of RV with CCs targeting <1y olds (CC1), <2y olds (CC2) and <5y olds (CC5). The model was fitted to nasopharyngeal carriage data, and post-PCV predictions were based on best estimates of parameters governing post-PCV dynamics. With RV only, elimination in carriage of vaccine-type (VT) serotypes is predicted to occur across all age groups within 10 years after introduction, with near-complete replacement by non-VT. Most of the benefit of CCs is predicted to occur within the first 3 years with the highest impact at one year, when IPD incidence is predicted to be 11% (95%CrI 9 – 14%) lower than RV with CC1, 25% (21 – 30 %) lower with CC2 and 38% (32 – 46%) lower with CC5. However, CCs would only prevent more cases of IPD insofar as such campaigns do not delay introduction by more than about 6, 12 and 18 months for CC1, CC2 and CC5. Those findings are important to help guide vaccine introduction in countries that have not yet introduced PCV, particularly in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Le Polain De Waroux
- a Centre for the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | - W John Edmunds
- a Centre for the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | - Kensuke Takahashi
- b Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Koya Ariyoshi
- b Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - E Kim Mulholland
- a Centre for the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK.,c Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University , Darwin , Australia
| | - David Goldblatt
- d Institute of Child Health, University College London , London , UK
| | - Yoon Hong Choi
- e Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department , Public Health England , London , UK.,f Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England , London , UK
| | - Dang Duc Anh
- g National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Lay Myint Yoshida
- b Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Stefan Flasche
- a Centre for the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
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16
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Hainque E, Apartis E, Daye PM. Switching between two targets with non-constant velocity profiles reveals shared internal model of target motion. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2622-2634. [PMID: 27529455 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several experiments have shown that smooth pursuit and saccades interact while tracking an object moving across the visual scene. It was proposed two decades ago that the amplitude of saccades triggered during smooth pursuit ('catch-up saccades') were corrected by a delayed sensory signal to account for the ongoing target displacement during catch-up saccades. However, recent studies used targets with non-constant velocity profiles and suggested that the correction of catch-up saccade amplitude must be done through an internal model of target motion. It is widely accepted that an internal model of target motion is also used by the central nervous system (CNS) to cancel inherent delays between visual input and smooth pursuit motor output, ensuring accurate tracking of moving targets. Our study proposes a new paradigm in which the target switches unexpectedly from one target with a non-constant periodic velocity profile to another with a non-constant aperiodic velocity profile. Our results confirm the hypothesis that the CNS uses an internal model of target motion to correct catch-up saccade amplitude. In addition, we reconcile the sensory delayed and the internal model of target motion hypotheses and show that a common internal model of target motion is shared within the CNS to control smooth pursuit and to correct catch-up saccade amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hainque
- ICM, UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, CNRS-INSERM-UPMC, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurophysiology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - E Apartis
- ICM, UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, CNRS-INSERM-UPMC, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurophysiology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - P M Daye
- ICM, UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, CNRS-INSERM-UPMC, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France.
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17
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Elfström KM, Lazzarato F, Franceschi S, Dillner J, Baussano I. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination of Boys and Extended Catch-up Vaccination: Effects on the Resilience of Programs. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:199-205. [PMID: 26142436 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine prices makes scaling up of vaccination programs attractive for countries that initially targeted 1 or a few birth cohorts of girls and/or achieved low coverage. This article aims to compare the impact of alternative HPV vaccination strategies, using data from Sweden, a high-income country that has experienced vaccine price changes. METHODS Using an HPV transmission model, we compared the existing vaccination program to alternatives, accounting for a 1-time catch-up vaccination of 22-26-year-old women, with or without routine vaccination of school-age boys, and for a 1-time catch-up vaccination of males aged 13-26 years. We also assessed the resilience of vaccination alternatives to coverage reduction. RESULTS On the basis of an HPV16/18 prevalence of 12% before the HPV vaccine era, extended catch-up vaccination for females and males yielded relative reductions in the HPV prevalence of 49.4% and 55.6%, respectively, during the first 10 years after the start of each vaccination strategy, whereas the existing program yielded a relative reduction of 38.6% during the same period. The increased prevalence reduction due to catch-up vaccination continued for about 30 years. As compared to female-only routine and extended catch-up vaccination, routine vaccination of males with or without catch-up was, respectively, 12.6-fold and 7.2-fold more resilient to coverage reduction. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination strategies based on catch-up vaccination of females and males are effective for accelerating HPV prevalence reduction. Inclusion of routine male vaccination improves the resilience of vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio Lazzarato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale Avogadro, Novara Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Díaz M, Bassols J, López-Bermejo A, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L. Metformin treatment to reduce central adiposity after prenatal growth restraint: a placebo-controlled pilot study in prepubertal children. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:538-45. [PMID: 25332100 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) who experience rapid postnatal catch-up in weight are at risk for central adiposity and hyperinsulinemia. OBJECTIVES To study the effects of prepubertal metformin intervention over 24 months on the body composition and endocrine-metabolic profile of catch-up SGA children. METHODS Double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study including 23 post-catch-up non-obese prepubertal SGA children [age, 7.7 yr; body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) >50th and <97th centile for age] with increased visceral fat [by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) both p > 75th for age]. Patients were randomized to receive either placebo or metformin (425 mg/d) for 24 months. Clinical, biochemical [IGF-I, glucose, insulin, lipids, androgens, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and high-molecular-weight (HMW)-adiponectin] and imaging [body composition (absorptiometry and MRI; carotid intima-media thickness (ultrasonography)] variables were assessed at baseline, and at 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS After 24 months, metformin-treated children were leaner, had higher SHBG levels, and less total and abdominal fat than placebo-treated children (all p ≤ 0.05). Longitudinal analyses showed that metformin had a significant effect on anthropometric (weight, BMI, and waist) and biochemical variables [glucose, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides] (all p ≤ 0.05); and in total and abdominal fat (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Prepubertal intervention with metformin reduces central adiposity and improves insulin sensitivity in non-obese catch-up SGA children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Díaz
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, 08950, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, 17007, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, 17007, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, 08950, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Odusanya OO, Kuyinu YA, Kehinde OA, Shafi F, François N, Yarzabal JP, Dobbelaere K, Rüggeberg JU, Borys D, Schuerman L. Safety and immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Nigerian children: Booster dose and 2-dose catch-up regimens in the second year of life. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:757-66. [PMID: 24356787 PMCID: PMC4130271 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, 3-dose primary vaccination of Nigerian infants with the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) was immunogenic for vaccine pneumococcal serotypes, with comparable tolerability between PHiD-CV and control groups. In an open-label study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01153893), 68 primed children received a PHiD-CV booster dose co-administered with a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa) booster dose at 15–21 months and 36 children unprimed for pneumococcal vaccination received two PHiD-CV catch-up doses (first dose co-administered with DTPa booster dose) at 15–21 and 17–23 months. Adverse events were recorded and immune responses were measured before and one month after vaccination. In both groups, pain was the most frequent solicited local symptom and fever was the most frequent solicited general symptom after the booster dose and each catch-up dose. Few grade 3 solicited symptoms and no vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. After booster vaccination, for each vaccine serotype, at least 98.5% of children had an antibody concentration ≥0.2 µg/ml and at least 94.0% had an opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titer ≥8. After 2-dose catch-up, for each vaccine serotype, at least 97.1% had an antibody concentration ≥0.2 µg/ml, except for serotypes 6B (82.9%) and 23F (88.6%), and at least 91.4% had an OPA titer ≥8, except for serotypes 6B (77.4%) and 19F (85.3%). PHiD-CV induced antibody responses against protein D in both groups. In conclusion, PHiD-CV administered to Nigerian toddlers as a booster dose or 2-dose catch-up was well tolerated and immunogenic for vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and protein D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumuyiwa O Odusanya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care; Lagos State University College of Medicine; Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Yetunde A Kuyinu
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care; Lagos State University College of Medicine; Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Omolara A Kehinde
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health; Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja; Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Kojima H, Katoh M, Shinoda S, Hagiwara S, Suzuki T, Izumi R, Yamaguchi Y, Nakamura M, Kasahawa T, Shibai A. A catch-up validation study of an in vitro skin irritation test method using reconstructed human epidermis LabCyte EPI-MODEL24. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:766-74. [PMID: 24122860 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three validation studies were conducted by the Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Experiments in order to assess the performance of a skin irritation assay using reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) LabCyte EPI-MODEL24 (LabCyte EPI-MODEL24 SIT) developed by the Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd. (J-TEC), and the results of these studies were submitted to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for the creation of a Test Guideline (TG). In the summary review report from the OECD, the peer review panel indicated the need to resolve an issue regarding the misclassification of 1-bromohexane. To this end, a rinsing operation intended to remove exposed chemicals was reviewed and the standard operating procedure (SOP) revised by J-TEC. Thereafter, in order to confirm general versatility of the revised SOP, a new validation management team was organized by the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM) to undertake a catch-up validation study that would compare the revised assay with similar in vitro skin irritation assays, per OECD TG No. 439 (2010). The catch-up validation and supplementary studies for LabCyte EPI-MODEL24 SIT using the revised SOPs were conducted at three laboratories. These results showed that the revised SOP of LabCyte EPI-MODEL24 SIT conformed more accurately to the classifications for skin irritation under the United Nations Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS), thereby highlighting the importance of an optimized rinsing operation for the removal of exposed chemicals in obtaining consistent results from in vitro skin irritation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kojima
- Japanese Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
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Verkauskiene R, Czernichow P, Lévy-Marchal C. Long-term metabolic consequences of being born small for gestational age. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2006; 1:439-447. [PMID: 30764081 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.1.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During the last 15 years, a number of long-term health risks associated with reduced fetal growth have been identified, including cardiovascular diseases and the insulin-resistance syndrome or one of its components: hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance or Type 2 diabetes. A common feature of these conditions is the presence of high insulin levels, which are thought to play a pathogenic role. However, despite abundant data in the literature, it is still difficult to trace the pathway by which fetal events, environmental or not, may lead to the increased morbidity later in life. To explain this association, several hypotheses have been proposed pointing to the critical role of either a detrimental fetal environment or a genetic susceptibility, or indicating interaction of both. Clearly, not all subjects born small for gestational age are at the same risk of developing these complications. It appears that individuals at particular risk are those who were thin at birth and had a subsequent catch-up in body mass index, irrespective of the degree of adiposity in adulthood. It is suggested that this particular dynamic change in adiposity has a critical role in the development of long-term metabolic complications. Therefore, it is important to consider the relative impact of early postnatal events in relation to fetal growth to the diseases risk throughout life in forming health policy strategies towards eventual early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Verkauskiene
- a INSERM U690, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - Paul Czernichow
- b INSERM U457, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - Claire Lévy-Marchal
- c INSERM U690, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
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McPhee SJ, Nguyen T, Euler GL, Mock J, Wong C, Lam T, Nguyen W, Nguyen S, Huynh Ha MQ, Do ST, Buu C. Successful promotion of hepatitis B vaccinations among Vietnamese-American children ages 3 to 18: results of a controlled trial. Pediatrics 2003; 111:1278-88. [PMID: 12777542 PMCID: PMC1592334 DOI: 10.1542/peds.111.6.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus is endemic in Southeast Asian populations, including Vietnamese. Previous research has documented low rates of hepatitis B vaccine coverage among Vietnamese-American children and adolescents ages 3 to 18. To address this problem, we designed and tested in a controlled trial 2 public health outreach "catch-up" campaigns for this population. DESIGN In the Houston, Texas metropolitan area, we mounted a media-led information and education campaign, and in the Dallas metropolitan area, we organized a community mobilization strategy. We evaluated the success of these interventions in a controlled trial, using the Washington, DC metropolitan area as a control site. To do so, we conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews with random samples of approximately 500 Vietnamese-American households in each of the 3 study sites both before and after the interventions. We assessed respondents' awareness and knowledge of hepatitis B and asked for hepatitis B vaccination dates for a randomly selected child in each household. When possible, we validated vaccination dates through direct contact with each child's providers. RESULTS Awareness of hepatitis B increased significantly between the pre- and postintervention surveys in all 3 areas, and the increase in the media education area (+21.5 percentage points) was significantly larger than in the control area (+9.0 percentage points). At postintervention, significantly more parents knew that free vaccines were available for children in the media education (+31.9 percentage points) and community mobilization (+16.7 percentage points) areas than in the control area (+4.7 percentage points). An increase in knowledge of sexual transmission of hepatitis B virus was significant in the media education area (+14.0 percentage points) and community mobilization (+13.6 percentage points) areas compared with the control area (+5.2 percentage points). Parent- or provider-reported data (n = 783 for pre- and n = 784 for postintervention surveys) suggest that receipt of 3 hepatitis B vaccinations increased significantly in the community mobilization area (from 26.6% at pre- to 38.8% at postintervention) and in the media intervention area (28.5% at pre- and 39.4% at postintervention), but declined slightly in the control community (37.8% at pre- and 33.5% at postintervention). Multiple logistic regression analyses estimated that the odds of receiving 3 hepatitis B vaccine doses were significantly greater for both community mobilization (odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.16-3.97) and media campaign (odds ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 1.62-5.64) interventions compared with the control area. The odds of being vaccinated were significantly greater for children who had had at least 1 diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis shot, and whose parents were married, knew someone with liver disease, had heard of hepatitis B, and had greater knowledge about hepatitis B. The odds of being vaccinated were significantly lower for older children. CONCLUSIONS Both community mobilization and media campaigns significantly increased the knowledge of Vietnamese-American parents about hepatitis B vaccination, and the receipt of "catch-up" vaccinations among their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J McPhee
- Suc Khoe La Vang! (Health is Gold!), the Vietnamese Community Health Promotion Project, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94102, USA.
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