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Siriphap A, Prapasawat W, Borthong J, Tanomsridachchai W, Muangnapoh C, Suthienkul O, Chonsin K. Prevalence, virulence characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from raw seafood in a province in Northern Thailand. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnad134. [PMID: 38111221 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is commonly found in seawater and seafood products, but evidence is limited of its presence in seafood marketed in locations very distant from coastal sources. This study determined the prevalence and characterization of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood from markets in landlocked Phayao province, Northern Thailand. Among 120 samples, 26 (21.7%) were positive for V. parahaemolyticus, being highest in shrimp (43.3%), followed by shellfish (36.7%), and squid (6.7%), but was not found in fish. V. parahaemolyticus comprised 33 isolates that were non-pathogenic and non-pandemic. Almost all isolates from shrimp and shellfish samples were positive for T3SS1. Only five isolates (15.2%) showed two antimicrobial resistance patterns, namely, kanamycin-streptomycin (1) carrying sul2 and ampicillin-kanamycin-streptomycin (4) that carried tetA (2), tetA-sul2 (1), as well as one negative. Antimicrobial susceptible V. parahaemolyticus isolates possessing tetA (67.9%) and sul2 (3.5%) were also found. Six isolates positive for integron class 1 and/or class 2 were detected in 4 antimicrobial susceptible and 2 resistant isolates. While pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus was not detected, contamination of antimicrobial resistance V. parahaemolyticus in seafood in locations distant from coastal areas requires ongoing monitoring to improve food safety in the seafood supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achiraya Siriphap
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Watsawan Prapasawat
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Jednipit Borthong
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Wimonrat Tanomsridachchai
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Chonchanok Muangnapoh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kaknokrat Chonsin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand
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Khoothiam K, Prapasawat W, Yosboonruang A, Rawangkan A, Phuangsri C, Rupprom K, Kraivuttinun P, Tanomsridachchai W, Suthienkul O, Siriphap A. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and enterotoxin gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mobile phones of the food vendors in Phayao province, Thailand. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:68. [PMID: 37550710 PMCID: PMC10408101 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phones are widely used and may cause bacterial pathogens to spread among various professionals. Staphylococcus aureus from the mobile phones can contaminate the hands of food vendors and food during the cooking or packaging process. This research aimed to determine the prevalence, enterotoxin genes, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of S. aureus contaminating the vendors' mobile phones. METHODS In this study, 266 mobile phone samples were randomly collected from food vendors selling food on walking streets (n = 139) and in food centers (n = 127) in Phayao province. All samples were identified as S. aureus by the conventional culture method and confirmed species-specific gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, all identified S. aureus isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution method and for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes by PCR. RESULTS The results showed that 12.8% of the mobile phones collected were contaminated with S. aureus. Of 49 S. aureus isolates obtained, 30 (61.2%) were positive for SE genes. The most common SE gene was sea followed by sec, seb, sem, seq, and sel. Moreover, S. aureus was most frequently resistant to penicillin, followed by chloramphenicol and tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and gentamicin. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were also detected. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that mobile phones were an intermediate surface for the transmission of S. aureus, including MDR variants. It indicates that hand hygiene and the decontamination of mobile phones are essential to prevent cross-contamination of S. aureus in food settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissana Khoothiam
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Watsawan Prapasawat
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atchariya Yosboonruang
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Rawangkan
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Chorpaka Phuangsri
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Kitwadee Rupprom
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Kraivuttinun
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit, Thailand
| | - Wimonrat Tanomsridachchai
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Achiraya Siriphap
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
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Munk P, Brinch C, Møller FD, Petersen TN, Hendriksen RS, Seyfarth AM, Kjeldgaard JS, Svendsen CA, van Bunnik B, Berglund F, Larsson DGJ, Koopmans M, Woolhouse M, Aarestrup FM, Gibb K, Coventry K, Collignon P, Cassar S, Allerberger F, Begum A, Hossain ZZ, Worrell C, Vandenberg O, Pieters I, Victorien DT, Gutierrez ADS, Soria F, Grujić VR, Mazalica N, Rahube TO, Tagliati CA, Rodrigues D, Oliveira G, de Souza LCR, Ivanov I, Juste BI, Oumar T, Sopheak T, Vuthy Y, Ngandjio A, Nzouankeu A, Olivier ZAAJ, Yost CK, Kumar P, Brar SK, Tabo DA, Adell AD, Paredes-Osses E, Martinez MC, Cuadros-Orellana S, Ke C, Zheng H, Baisheng L, Lau LT, Chung T, Jiao X, Yu Y, JiaYong Z, Morales JFB, Valencia MF, Donado-Godoy P, Coulibaly KJ, Hrenovic J, Jergović M, Karpíšková R, Deogratias ZN, Elsborg B, Hansen LT, Jensen PE, Abouelnaga M, Salem MF, Koolmeister M, Legesse M, Eguale T, Heikinheimo A, Le Guyader S, Schaeffer J, Villacis JE, Sanneh B, Malania L, Nitsche A, Brinkmann A, Schubert S, Hesse S, Berendonk TU, Saba CKS, Mohammed J, Feglo PK, Banu RA, Kotzamanidis C, Lytras E, Lickes SA, Kocsis B, Solymosi N, Thorsteinsdottir TR, Hatha AM, Ballal M, Bangera SR, Fani F, Alebouyeh M, Morris D, O’Connor L, Cormican M, Moran-Gilad J, Battisti A, Diaconu EL, Corno G, Di Cesare A, Alba P, Hisatsune J, Yu L, Kuroda M, Sugai M, Kayama S, Shakenova Z, Kiiyukia C, Ng’eno E, Raka L, Jamil K, Fakhraldeen SA, Alaati T, Bērziņš A, Avsejenko J, Kokina K, Streikisa M, Bartkevics V, Matar GM, Daoud Z, Pereckienė A, Butrimaite-Ambrozeviciene C, Penny C, Bastaraud A, Rasolofoarison T, Collard JM, Samison LH, Andrianarivelo MR, Banda DL, Amin A, Rajandas H, Parimannan S, Spiteri D, Haber MV, Santchurn SJ, Vujacic A, Djurovic D, Bouchrif B, Karraouan B, Vubil DC, Pal P, Schmitt H, van Passel M, Jeunen GJ, Gemmell N, Chambers ST, Mendoza FP, Huete-Pιrez J, Vilchez S, Ahmed AO, Adisa IR, Odetokun IA, Fashae K, Sørgaard AM, Wester AL, Ryrfors P, Holmstad R, Mohsin M, Hasan R, Shakoor S, Gustafson NW, Schill CH, Rojas MLZ, Velasquez JE, Magtibay BB, Catangcatang K, Sibulo R, Yauce FC, Wasyl D, Manaia C, Rocha J, Martins J, Álvaro P, Di Yoong Wen D, Shin H, Hur HG, Yoon S, Bosevska G, Kochubovski M, Cojocaru R, Burduniuc O, Hong PY, Perry MR, Gassama A, Radosavljevic V, Tay MYF, Zuniga-Montanez R, Wuertz S, Gavačová D, Pastuchová K, Truska P, Trkov M, Keddy K, Esterhuyse K, Song MJ, Quintela-Baluja M, Lopez MG, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Perera RRDP, Bandara NKBKRGW, Premasiri HI, Pathirage S, Charlemagne K, Rutgersson C, Norrgren L, Örn S, Boss R, Van der Heijden T, Hong YP, Kumburu HH, Mdegela RH, Hounmanou YMG, Chonsin K, Suthienkul O, Thamlikitkul V, de Roda Husman AM, Bidjada B, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Nikiema-Pessinaba SC, Levent B, Kurekci C, Ejobi F, Kalule JB, Thomsen J, Obaidi O, Jassim LM, Moore A, Leonard A, Graham DW, Bunce JT, Zhang L, Gaze WH, Lefor B, Capone D, Sozzi E, Brown J, Meschke JS, Sobsey MD, Davis M, Beck NK, Sukapanpatharam P, Truong P, Lilienthal R, Kang S, Wittum TE, Rigamonti N, Baklayan P, Van CD, Tran DMN, Do Phuc N, Kwenda G, Larsson DGJ, Koopmans M, Woolhouse M, Aarestrup FM. Author Correction: Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:178. [PMID: 36635285 PMCID: PMC9837105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Munk
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Brinch
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik Duus Møller
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas N. Petersen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Seyfarth
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jette S. Kjeldgaard
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christina Aaby Svendsen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bram van Bunnik
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fanny Berglund
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - D. G. Joakim Larsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marion Koopmans
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Woolhouse
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Siriphap A, Suwancharoen C, Laenoi W, Kraivuttinun P, Suthienkul O, Prapasawat W. First study on virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from cage, free-range, and organic commercial eggs in Phayao Province, Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:2293-2301. [PMID: 36341073 PMCID: PMC9631383 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2293-2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem that affects human and animal health, and eggs can act as a vehicle for pathogenic and non-pathogenic resistant bacteria in the food chain. Escherichia coli is an indicator of food contamination with fecal materials as well as the occurrence and levels of AMR. This study aimed to investigate the presence of AMR, integrons, and virulence genes in E. coli isolated from eggshell samples of three egg production systems, from supermarkets in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 750 hen’s egg samples were purchased from supermarkets in Phayao Province: Cage eggs (250), free-range eggs (250), and organic eggs (250). Each sample was soaked in buffered peptone water (BPW), and the BPW samples were incubated at 37°C for 18–24 h. All samples were tested for E. coli by the standard conventional culture method. Then, all identified E. coli were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents by the agar disk diffusion method. All E. coli strains were subsequently found to have virulence genes and Classes 1 and 2 integrons by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among the eggshell samples, 91 samples were identified as having E. coli (cage eggs, 24 strains; free-range eggs, 27 strains; and organic eggs, 40 strains). Then, among the E. coli strains, 47 (51.6%) were positive for at least one virulence gene. The proportion of AMR in the eggshell samples was 91.2% (83/91), and streptomycin (STR), ampicillin (AMP), and tetracycline (TET) had a high degree of resistance. Among the E. coli strains, 27 (29.7%) strains were positive for class 1 or 2 integrons, and integron-positive strains were commonly found in STR-, AMP-, and TET-resistant strains. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 57.1% (52/91) of the E. coli strains, with STR-AMP-TET (5.5%) as the most frequent pattern. The proportion of MDR in cage eggs was 75.0% (18/24), which was higher than in both free-range and organic eggs. On the other hand, 53.2% (25/47) of E. coli carrying virulence genes had MDR, distributed across the production systems as follows: Cage eggs, 76.9% (10/13); free-range eggs, 63.6% (7/11); and organic eggs, 34.8% (8/23). Conclusion: Escherichia coli was detected in eggshell samples from all three egg production systems. The high level of virulence genes, AMR, and integrons indicated the possibility of dissemination of AMR among pathogenic and commensal E. coli through eggshells. These findings could be a major concern to farmers, food handlers, and consumers, especially regarding raw egg consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achiraya Siriphap
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Chittakun Suwancharoen
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Watchara Laenoi
- Division of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Parinya Kraivuttinun
- Program in Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit 53000, Thailand
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Watsawan Prapasawat
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
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Chonsin K, Changkwanyeun R, Siriphap A, Intarapuk A, Prapasawat W, Changkaew K, Pulsrikarn C, Isoda N, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Suthienkul O. Prevalence and Multidrug Resistance of Salmonella in Swine Production Chain in a Central Province, Thailand. J Food Prot 2021; 84:2174-2184. [PMID: 34410408 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Salmonella causes foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide and raises concerns about public health and economic losses. To determine prevalence, serovar, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in a cross-sectional study, 418 total samples from feces and carcasses (from three slaughterhouses) and pork and cutting boards (from four markets) were collected in a central Thailand province in 2017 and 2018. Of the 418 samples, 272 (65.1%) were positive for Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella-positive samples from markets (158 of 178; 88.8%) was significantly higher than that among samples from slaughterhouses (114 of 240; 47.5%) (P < 0.05). A total of 1,030 isolates were identified; 409 were assigned to 45 serovars, with Salmonella Rissen the most common (82 of 409; 20%). Two serovars, Salmonella Cannstatt and Salmonella Braubach, were identified for the first time in Thailand in market and slaughterhouse samples, respectively. Among 180 isolates representing 19 serovars, 133 (73.9%) exhibited multidrug resistance. Screening for ESBL production revealed that 41 (10.3%) of 399 isolates were ESBL positive. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Salmonella isolates was significantly higher among the market isolates (31 of 41; 75.6%) than among the slaughterhouse isolates in (10 of 41; 24.4%) (P < 0.05). In market samples, 24 (77.4%) of 31 isolates were recovered from pork and 7 (22.6%) were recovered from cutting boards. Nine ESBL-producing isolates carried single ESBL genes, either blaTEM (4 of 41 isolates; 9.8%) or blaCTX-M (5 of 41 isolates; 12.2%), whereas 11 (26.8%) carried both blaTEM and blaCTX-M. No ESBL-producing Salmonella isolate carried the blaSHV gene. These results suggest that pigs, their flesh, and cutting boards used for processing pork could be reservoirs for widespread ESBL-producing Salmonella isolates with multidrug resistance and outbreak potential across the food chain. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaknokrat Chonsin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand
| | | | - Achiraya Siriphap
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000 Thailand
| | - Apiradee Intarapuk
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Watsawan Prapasawat
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Changkaew
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasart University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Pulsrikarn
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Norikazu Isoda
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan.,Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan.,Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasart University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.,Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Pachanon R, Koide K, Kongsoi S, Ajima N, Kapalamula TF, Nakajima C, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Effectiveness of Fluoroquinolones with Difluoropyridine Derivatives as R1 Groups on the Salmonella DNA Gyrase in the Presence and Absence of Plasmid-Encoded Quinolone Resistance Protein QnrB19. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1412-1419. [PMID: 33835868 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: WQ-3810 has strong inhibitory activity against Salmonella and other fluoroquinolone-resistant pathogens. The unique potentiality of this is attributed to 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl at R1 group. The aim of this study was to examine WQ-3810 and its derivatives WQ-3334 and WQ-4065 as the new drug candidate for wild-type Salmonella and that carrying QnrB19. Materials and Methods: The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of WQ-3810, WQ-3334 (Br atom in place of methyl group at R8), and WQ-4065 (6-ethylamino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl in place of 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl group at R1) in the presence or absence of QnrB19 were assessed by in vitro DNA supercoiling assay utilizing recombinant DNA gyrase and QnrB19. Results: IC50s of WQ-3810, WQ-3334, and WQ-4065 against Salmonella DNA gyrase were 0.031 ± 0.003, 0.068 ± 0.016, and 0.72 ± 0.39 μg/mL, respectively, while QnrB19 increased IC50s of WQ-3810, WQ-3334, and WQ-4065 to 0.44 ± 0.05, 0.92 ± 0.34, and 9.16 ± 2.21 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: WQ-3810 and WQ-3334 showed stronger inhibitory activity against Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrases than WQ-4065 even in the presence of QnrB19. The results suggest that 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl group at R1 is playing an important role and WQ-3810 and WQ-3334 to be good candidates for Salmonella carrying QnrB19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruttana Pachanon
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Siriporn Kongsoi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nami Ajima
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, The Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, The Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Chonsin K, Supha N, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Suthienkul O. Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from clinically asymptomatic seafood workers. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 368:6035238. [PMID: 33320939 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is a major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Thailand and other countries due to the consumption of contaminated and undercooked seafood. However, there have been few reports of the molecular epidemiology of VP isolates from asymptomatic seafood handlers. Here, we report the phenotypic and genetic characterization of 61 VP isolates obtained from asymptomatic workers in two seafood-processing plants. We found 24 O:K serotypes, of which O11:KUT, O1:KUT and O3:KUT were the dominant serotypes. Analysis by PCR showed that 12 isolates harbored either tdh or trh genes with the potential to be pathogenic VP strains. The presence of T3SS2α and T3SS2β genes was correlated with the presence of tdh and trh, respectively. Four tdh+ isolates were positive for pandemic marker. In this study, VP isolates were commonly resistant to ampicillin, cephazolin, fosfomycin and novobiocin. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1680 loci in 35 isolates from 17 asymptomatic workers, 6 gastroenteritis patients, 7 environmental samples and 5 genomes from a database showed 22 different alleles. Gene VP1680 was conserved in tdh+ isolates and pandemic strains, while that of trh + isolates was diverse. Asymptomatic workers carrying VP were the most likely source of contamination, which raises concerns over food safety in seafood-processing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaknokrat Chonsin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand
| | - Neunghatai Supha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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8
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Pachanon R, Koide K, Kongsoi S, Nakajima C, Kapalamula TF, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Interaction of the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance protein QnrB19 with Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrase. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:1139-1145. [PMID: 32669211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance protein Qnr is an important factor in bacterial resistance to quinolones. Qnr interacts with DNA gyrase and reduces susceptibility to quinolones. The gene qnr likely spreads rapidly among Enterobacteriaceae via horizontal gene transfer. Though the vast amounts of epidemiological data are available, molecular details of the contribution of QnrB19, the predominant Qnr in Salmonella spp., to the acquisition of quinolone resistance has not yet been understood well. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the role of QnrB19 in quinolone resistance acquisition using recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrases and QnrB19. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant QnrB19 was expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni-NTA agarose column chromatography. DNA supercoiling activities of recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrase were assessed with or without QnrB19 under the existence of three quinolones to measure IC50s, the concentration of each quinolone required for 50% inhibition in vitro. RESULTS The IC50s of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid against DNA gyrases were measured to be 0.30, 0.16 and 17.7 μg/mL, respectively. The addition of QnrB19 increased the IC50s of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin to be 0.81 and 0.48 μg/mL, respectively, where no effect of QnrB19 was observed on the IC50 of nalidixic acid. CONCLUSION QnrB19 was shown for the first time in vitro to have ability to grant non-classical quinolone resistance to S. Typhimurium DNA gyrase. Structural insight on quinolones in this study may contribute to investigate drugs useful for preventing the spread of plasmid carrying PMQR along with other factors associating with antimicrobial resistance in S. Typhimurium and other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruttana Pachanon
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | | | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Center of Education and Research in EcoHealth and OneHealth, Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Global Health, Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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9
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Borthong J, Omori R, Sugimoto C, Suthienkul O, Nakao R, Ito K. Comparison of Database Search Methods for the Detection of Legionella pneumophila in Water Samples Using Metagenomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1272. [PMID: 29971047 PMCID: PMC6018159 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic analysis has become a powerful tool to analyze bacterial communities in environmental samples. However, the detection of a specific bacterial species using metagenomic analysis remains difficult due to false positive detections of sequences shared between different bacterial species. In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic analyses were conducted on samples collected along a stream and ponds in the campus of Hokkaido University. We compared different database search methods for bacterial detection by focusing on Legionella pneumophila. In this study, we used L. pneumophila-specific nested PCR as a gold standard to evaluate the results of the metagenomic analysis. Comparison with the results from L. pneumophila-specific nested PCR indicated that a blastn search of shotgun reads against the NCBI-NT database led to false positive results and had problems with specificity. We also found that a blastn search of shotgun reads against a database of the catalase-peroxidase (katB) gene detected L. pneumophila with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve among the tested search methods; indicating that a blastn search against the katB gene database had better diagnostic ability than searches against other databases. Our results suggest that sequence searches targeting long genes specifically associated with the bacterial species of interest is a prerequisite to detecting the bacterial species in environmental samples using metagenomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jednipit Borthong
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Institute for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Institute for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
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10
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Theethakaew C, Nakamura S, Motooka D, Matsuda S, Kodama T, Chonsin K, Suthienkul O, Iida T. Corrigendum to "Plasmid dynamics in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains related to shrimp Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome (AHPNS)" [Infect. Genet. Evol. (2017) 51: 211-218]. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 57:185. [PMID: 29054533 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonchanok Theethakaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Matsuda
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshio Kodama
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaknokrat Chonsin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Center of Ecohealth Education and Research, Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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11
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Utrarachkij F, Nakajima C, Changkwanyeun R, Siripanichgon K, Kongsoi S, Pornruangwong S, Changkaew K, Tsunoda R, Tamura Y, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Quinolone Resistance Determinants of Clinical Salmonella Enteritidis in Thailand. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:885-894. [PMID: 28437229 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis has emerged as a global concern regarding quinolone resistance and invasive potential. Although quinolone-resistant S. Enteritidis has been observed with high frequency in Thailand, information on the mechanism of resistance acquisition is limited. To elucidate the mechanism, a total of 158 clinical isolates of nalidixic acid (NAL)-resistant S. Enteritidis were collected throughout Thailand, and the quinolone resistance determinants were investigated in the context of resistance levels to NAL, norfloxacin (NOR), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The analysis of point mutations in type II topoisomerase genes and the detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes showed that all but two harbored a gyrA mutation, the qnrS1 gene, or both. The most commonly affected codon in mutant gyrA was 87, followed by 83. Double codon mutation in gyrA was found in an isolate with high-level resistance to NAL, NOR, and CIP. A new mutation causing serine to isoleucine substitution at codon 83 was identified in eight isolates. In addition to eighteen qnrS1-carrying isolates showing nontypical quinolone resistance, one carrying both the qnrS1 gene and a gyrA mutation also showed a high level of resistance. Genotyping by multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis suggested a possible clonal expansion of NAL-resistant strains nationwide. Our data suggested that NAL-resistant isolates with single quinolone resistance determinant may potentially become fluoroquinolone resistant by acquiring secondary determinants. Restricted therapeutic and farming usage of quinolones is strongly recommended to prevent the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chie Nakajima
- 2 Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control , Sapporo, Japan .,3 Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ruchirada Changkwanyeun
- 2 Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanokrat Siripanichgon
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Kongsoi
- 2 Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Srirat Pornruangwong
- 4 National Institute of Health , Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Changkaew
- 5 Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Risa Tsunoda
- 6 Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University , Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- 6 Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University , Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand .,5 Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- 2 Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control , Sapporo, Japan .,3 Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Ngamwongsatit B, Tanomsridachchai W, Suthienkul O, Urairong S, Navasakuljinda W, Janvilisri T. Multidrug resistance in Clostridium perfringens isolated from diarrheal neonatal piglets in Thailand. Anaerobe 2016; 38:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Changkwanyeun R, Yamaguchi T, Kongsoi S, Changkaew K, Yokoyama K, Kim H, Suthienkul O, Usui M, Tamura Y, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. Impact of mutations in DNA gyrase genes on quinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni. Drug Test Anal 2016; 8:1071-1076. [PMID: 26857529 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid substitutions providing quinolone resistance to Campyloabcter jejuni have been found in the quinolone resistance-determining region of protein DNA gyrase subunit A (GyrA), with the highest frequency at position 86 followed by position 90. In this study, wild-type and mutant recombinant DNA gyrase subunits were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni-NTA agarose column chromatography. Soluble 97 kDa GyrA and 87 kDa DNA gyrase subunit B were shown to reconstitute ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling activity. A quinolone-inhibited supercoiling assay demonstrated the roles of Thr86Ile, Thr86Ala, Thr86Lys, Asp90Asn, and Asp90Tyr amino acid substitutions in reducing sensitivity to quinolones. The marked effect of Thr86Ile on all examined quinolones suggested the advantage of this substitution in concordance with recurring isolation of quinolone-resistant C. jejuni. An analysis of the structure-activity relationship showed the importance of the substituent at position 8 in quinolones to overcome the effect of Thr86Ile. Sitafloxacin (SIT), which has a fluorinate cyclopropyl ring at R-1 and a chloride substituent at R-8, a characteristic not found in other quinolones, showed the highest inhibitory activity against all mutant C. jejuni gyrases including ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants. The results suggest SIT as a promising drug for the treatment of campylobacteriosis caused by CIP-resistant C. jejuni. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchirada Changkwanyeun
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Siriporn Kongsoi
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanjana Changkaew
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Thailand
| | - Masaru Usui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.,Hokkaido University The Global station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan. .,Hokkaido University The Global station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.
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14
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Utrarachkij F, Nakajima C, Siripanichgon K, Changkaew K, Thongpanich Y, Pornraungwong S, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis clinical isolates in Thailand. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:209-15. [PMID: 26860961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To trace the history of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) circulating in Thailand, we characterised clinical isolates obtained during 2004-2007. METHODS Antimicrobial resistance profiles, multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) types and 3 representative virulence determinants (spvA, sodCI and sopE) were established from SE isolates (n = 192) collected from stool and blood of patients throughout Thailand during the period 2004-2007. RESULTS Resistance was found in SE against 10 out of 11 antimicrobials studied. The highest resistance ratios were observed for nalidixic acid (83.2%), ciprofloxacin (51.1%) and ampicillin (50.5%), and 25.5% were multidrug resistant. Based on five polymorphic tandem repeat loci analysis, MLVA identified 20 distinct types with three closely related predominant types. A significant increase of AMP resistance from 2004 to 2006 was strongly correlated with that of a MLVA type, 5-5-11-7-3. CONCLUSION The usage of antimicrobials in human medicine or farm settings might act as selective pressures and cause the spread of resistant strains. Hence, a strict policy on antimicrobial usage needs to be implemented to achieve the control of resistant SE in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Hokkaido University, The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanokrat Siripanichgon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Changkaew
- Division of Bioresources Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuwanda Thongpanich
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srirat Pornraungwong
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Hokkaido University, The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.
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15
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Chonsin K, Matsuda S, Theethakaew C, Kodama T, Junjhon J, Suzuki Y, Suthienkul O, Iida T. Genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from farmed Pacific white shrimp and ambient pond water affected by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease outbreak in Thailand. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 363:fnv222. [PMID: 26590959 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an emerging shrimp disease that causes massive die-offs in farmed shrimps. Recent outbreaks of AHPND in Asia have been causing great losses for shrimp culture and have become a serious socioeconomic problem. The causative agent of AHPND is Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which is typically known to cause food-borne gastroenteritis in humans. However, there have been few reports of the epidemiology of V. parahaemolyticus AHPND strains, and the genetic relationship among AHPND strains is unclear. Here, we report the genetic characterization of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from AHPND outbreaks in Thailand. We found eight isolates from AHPND-suspected shrimps and pond water that were positive for AHPND markers AP1 and AP2. PCR analysis confirmed that none of these eight AP-positive AHPND strains possesses the genes for the conventional virulence factors affecting to humans, such as thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) and type III secretion system 2. Phylogenetic analysis by multilocus sequence typing showed that the AHPND strains are genetically diverse, suggesting that AHPND strains were not derived from a single genetic lineage. Our study represents the first report of molecular epidemiology of AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus strains using multilocus sequence typing, and provides an insight into their evolutionary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaknokrat Chonsin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Shigeaki Matsuda
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chonchanok Theethakaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Toshio Kodama
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jiraphan Junjhon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Center of Ecohealth Education and Research, Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Kongsoi S, Changkwanyeun R, Yokoyama K, Nakajima C, Changkaew K, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Amino acid substitutions in GyrA affect quinolone susceptibility inSalmonellatyphimurium. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:1065-1070. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Kongsoi
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
| | - Ruchirada Changkwanyeun
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Central Research Laboratory; Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Nagano Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
- Hokkaido University The Global Station for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kanjana Changkaew
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health; Thammasat University; Rangsit Thailand
- Faculty of Public Health; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
- Hokkaido University The Global Station for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
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17
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Changkaew K, Intarapuk A, Utrarachkij F, Nakajima C, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Antimicrobial Resistance, Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Productivity, and Class 1 Integrons in Escherichia coli from Healthy Swine. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1442-50. [PMID: 26219356 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Administration of antimicrobials to food-producing animals increases the risk of higher antimicrobial resistance in the normal intestinal flora of these animals. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains and to characterize class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli in healthy swine in Thailand. All 122 of the tested isolates had drug-resistant phenotypes. High resistance was found to ampicillin (98.4% of isolates), chloramphenicol (95.9%), gentamicin (78.7%), streptomycin (77.9%), tetracycline (74.6%), and cefotaxime (72.1%). Fifty-four (44.3%) of the E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL-producing strains. Among them, blaCTX-M (45 isolates) and blaTEM (41 isolates) were detected. Of the blaCTX-M-positive E. coli isolates, 37 carried the blaCTX-M-1 cluster, 12 carried the blaCTX-M-9 cluster, and 5 carried both clusters. Sequence analysis revealed blaTEM-1, blaTEM-135, and blaTEM-175 in 38, 2, and 1 isolate, respectively. Eighty-seven (71%) of the 122isolates carried class 1 integrons, and eight distinct drug-resistance gene cassettes with seven different integron profiles were identified in 43 of these isolates. Gene cassettes were associated with resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, aadA22, or aadA23), trimethoprim (dfrA5, dfrA12, or dfrA17), and lincosamide (linF). Genes encoding β-lactamases were not found in class 1 integrons. This study is the first to report ESBL-producing E. coli with a class 1 integron carrying the linF gene cassette in swine in Thailand. Our findings confirm that swine can be a reservoir of ESBL-producing E. coli harboring class 1 integrons, which may become a potential health risk if these integrons are transmitted to humans. Intensive analyses of animal, human, and environmental isolates are needed to control the spread of ESBL-producing E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Changkaew
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Apiradee Intarapuk
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Changkwanyeun R, Usui M, Kongsoi S, Yokoyama K, Kim H, Suthienkul O, Changkaew K, Nakajima C, Tamura Y, Suzuki Y. Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni DNA gyrase as the target of quinolones. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:604-9. [PMID: 26096494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Quinolones have long been used as the first-line treatment for Campylobacter infections. However, an increased resistance to quinolones has raised public health concerns. The development of new quinolone-based antibiotics with high activity is critical for effective, as DNA gyrase, the target of quinolones, is an essential enzyme for bacterial growth in several mechanisms. The evaluation of antibiotic activity against Campylobacter jejuni largely relies on drug susceptibility tests, which require at least 2 days to produce results. Thus, an in vitro method for studying the activity of quinolones against the C. jejuni DNA gyrase is preferred. To identify potent quinolones, we investigated the interaction of C. jejuni DNA gyrase with a number of quinolones using recombinant subunits. The combination of purified subunits exhibited DNA supercoiling activity in an ATP dependent manner. Drug concentrations that inhibit DNA supercoiling by 50% (IC50s) of 10 different quinolones were estimated to range from 0.4 (sitafloxacin) to >100 μg/mL (nalidixic acid). Sitafloxacin showed the highest inhibitory activity, and the analysis of the quinolone structure-activity relationship demonstrated that a fluorine atom at R-6 might play the important role in the inhibitory activity against C. jejuni gyrase. Measured quinolone IC50s correlated well with minimum inhibitory concentrations (R = 0.9943). These suggest that the in vitro supercoiling inhibition assay on purified recombinant C. jejuni DNA gyrase is a useful and predictive technique to monitor the antibacterial potency of quinolones. And furthermore, these data suggested that sitafloxacin might be a good candidate for clinical trials on campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchirada Changkwanyeun
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Siriporn Kongsoi
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Azumino, Japan
| | - Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Tuberculosis Control, Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi Murayama, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Changkaew
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Hokkaido University, The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Hokkaido University, The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.
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Kongsoi S, Yokoyama K, Suprasert A, Utrarachkij F, Nakajima C, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrase as a target of quinolones. Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:714-20. [PMID: 25381884 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quinolones exhibit good antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp. isolates and are often the choice of treatment for life-threatening salmonellosis due to multi-drug resistant strains. To assess the properties of quinolones, we performed an in vitro assay to study the antibacterial activities of quinolones against recombinant DNA gyrase. We expressed the S. Typhimurium DNA gyrase A (GyrA) and B (GyrB) subunits in Escherichia coli. GyrA and GyrB were obtained at high purity (>95%) by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose resin column chromatography as His-tagged 97-kDa and 89-kDa proteins, respectively. Both subunits were shown to reconstitute an ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling activity. Drug concentrations that suppressed DNA supercoiling by 50% (IC50 s) or generated DNA cleavage by 25% (CC25 s) demonstrated that quinolones highly active against S. Typhimurium DNA gyrase share a fluorine atom at C-6. The relationships between the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), IC50 s and CC25 s were assessed by estimating a linear regression between two components. MICs measured against S. Typhimurium NBRC 13245 correlated better with IC50 s (R = 0.9988) than CC25 s (R = 0.9685). These findings suggest that the DNA supercoiling inhibition assay may be a useful screening test to identify quinolones with promising activity against S. Typhimurium. The quinolone structure-activity relationship demonstrated here shows that C-8, the C-7 ring, the C-6 fluorine, and N-1 cyclopropyl substituents are desirable structural features in targeting S. Typhimurium gyrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Kongsoi
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nagano, Japan
| | - Apinun Suprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Hokkaido University The Global station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Hokkaido University The Global station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
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Changkaew K, Utrarachkij F, Siripanichgon K, Nakajima C, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Characterization of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from shrimps and their environment. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1394-401. [PMID: 25198603 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with food and water is a global concern. To survey the risk, 312 Escherichia coli isolates from shrimp farms and markets in Thailand were examined for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials. The results showed that 17.6% of isolates (55 of 312) were resistant to at least one of the tested drugs, and high resistance rates were observed to tetracycline (14.4%; 45 of 312), ampicillin (8.0%; 25 of 312), and trimethroprim (6.7%; 21 of 312); 29.1% (16 of 55) were multidrug resistant. PCR assay of the tet (A), tet (B), tet (C), tet (D), tet (E), and tet (G) genes detected one or more of these genes in 47 of the 55 resistant isolates. Among these genes, tet (A) (69.1%; 38 of 55) was the most common followed by tet (B) (56.4%; 31 of 55) and tet (C) (3.6%; 2 of 55). The resistant isolates were further investigated for class 1 integrons. Of the 55 resistant isolates, 16 carried class 1 integrons and 7 carried gene cassettes encoding trimethoprim resistance (dfrA12 or dfrA17) and aminoglycosides resistance (aadA2 or aadA5). Two class 1 integrons, In54 (dfrA17-aadA5) and In27 (dfrA12-orfF-aadA2), were found in four and three isolates, respectively. These results indicate a risk of drug-resistant E. coli contamination in shrimp farms and selling places. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli carrying tet genes and class 1 integrons indicates an urgent need to monitor the emergence of drug-resistant E. coli to control the dissemination of drug-resistant strains and the further spread of resistance genes to other pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Changkaew
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokrat Siripanichgon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Nintasen R, Utrarachkij F, Siripanichgon K, Bhumiratana A, Suzuki Y, Suthienkul O. Enhancement ofLegionella pneumophilaCulture Isolation from Microenvironments by Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator (mip) Gene-Specific Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 51:777-85. [PMID: 17704640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a Legionella pneumophila culture isolation technique and macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) gene-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is pivotal for effective routine use in an environmental water system laboratory. Detection of Legionella organisms in 169 environmental samples was performed by using modified buffered charcoal yeast extract (MBCYE) agar for conventional culture. Nested PCR specific for L. pneumophila was performed using boiled genomic DNA extracts from filtered and Chelex 100-treated water samples, or by using silica-gel membrane spin column-eluted DNA from concentrated pond, canal and river samples. Overall, the nested PCR was twelvefold more sensitive than the culture method. The target amplicons (471 basepairs) of all 4 biochemically characterized L. pneumophila isolates were sequenced. They had homology at the DNA and protein levels to 3' proximity of the mip-coding gene of L. pneumophila deposited in genome databases. EcoRI- or KpnI-digested PCR fragments with expected sizes were also confirmed in all 52 PCR-positive samples that were isolated from cooling towers and condenser drains. Viable but nonculturable L. pneumophila might have been present in 48 PCR-positive samples. This study demonstrates that detection of the genetically stable mip gene by nested PCR with a modified process of water sample preparation can be rapidly and effectively used to enhance isolation of the L. pneumophila taxon from microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungrat Nintasen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvithi Road, Rajthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Theethakaew C, Feil EJ, Castillo-Ramírez S, Aanensen DM, Suthienkul O, Neil DM, Davies RL. Genetic relationships of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, human carrier, and environmental sources in Thailand, determined by multilocus sequence analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2358-70. [PMID: 23377932 PMCID: PMC3623249 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03067-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafood-borne pathogenic bacterium that is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. We investigated the genetic and evolutionary relationships of 101 V. parahaemolyticus isolates originating from clinical, human carrier, and various environmental and seafood production sources in Thailand using multilocus sequence analysis. The isolates were recovered from clinical samples (n = 15), healthy human carriers (n = 18), various types of fresh seafood (n = 18), frozen shrimp (n = 16), fresh-farmed shrimp tissue (n = 18), and shrimp farm water (n = 16). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of genetic diversity within the V. parahaemolyticus population, although isolates recovered from clinical samples and from farmed shrimp and water samples represented distinct clusters. The tight clustering of the clinical isolates suggests that disease-causing isolates are not a random sample of the environmental reservoir, although the source of infection remains unclear. Extensive serotypic diversity occurred among isolates representing the same sequence types and recovered from the same source at the same time. These findings suggest that the O- and K-antigen-encoding loci are subject to exceptionally high rates of recombination. There was also strong evidence of interspecies horizontal gene transfer and intragenic recombination involving the recA locus in a large proportion of isolates. As the majority of the intragenic recombinational exchanges involving recA occurred among clinical and carrier isolates, it is possible that the human intestinal tract serves as a potential reservoir of donor and recipient strains that is promoting horizontal DNA transfer, driving evolutionary change, and leading to the emergence of new, potentially pathogenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J. Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - David M. Aanensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Douglas M. Neil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Yamaguchi N, Nishiguchi T, Utrarachkij F, Suthienkul O, Nasu M. 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene-Based Phylogenetic Analysis of Abundant Bacteria in River, Canal and Potable Water in Bangkok, Thailand. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:872-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Masao Nasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Upadhyay BP, Utrarachkij F, Thongshoob J, Mahakunkijcharoen Y, Wongchinda N, Suthienkul O, Khusmith S. Detection of Salmonella invA gene in shrimp enrichment culture by polymerase chain reaction. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2010; 41:426-435. [PMID: 20578527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of seafood with salmonellae is a major public health concern. Detection of Salmonella by standard culture methods is time consuming. In this study, an enrichment culture step prior to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect 284 bp fragment of Salmonella invA in comparison with the conventional culture method in 100 shrimp samples collected from four different shrimp farms and fresh food markets around Bangkok. Samples were pre-enriched in non-selective lactose broth (LB) and selective tetrathionate broth (TTB). PCR detection limit was 10 pg and 10(4) cfu/ml of viable salmonellae with 100% specificity. PCR assay detected 19 different Salmonella serovars belonging to 8 serogroups (B, C1, C2-C3, D1, E1, E4 and K) commonly found in clinical and environmental samples in Thailand. The detection rate of PCR following TTB enrichment (24%) was higher than conventional culture method (19%). PCR following TTB, but not in LB enrichment allowed salmonella detection with 84% sensitivity, 90% specificity and 89% accuracy. Shrimp samples collected from fresh food markets had higher levels of contaminated salmonellae than those from shrimp farms. The results indicated that incorporation of an enrichment step prior to PCR has the potential to be applied for detection of naturally contaminated salmonellae in food, environment and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chaladchalam S, Diraphat P, Utrarachkij F, Suthienkul O, Samakoses R, Siripanichgon K. Bed rails and endotracheal tube connectors as possible sources for spreading Acinetobacter baumannii in ventilator-associated pneumonia patients. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2008; 39:676-685. [PMID: 19058605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine molecular patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii using a PCR-based technique with REP-1, REP-2 and M13 primers to distinguish the patients' strains and the environmental strains (condensate, endotracheal tube connector, bed rail and nurses hands). There were 67 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among 600 patients using mechanical ventilators in 10 wards from March to July 2006. The incidence of VAP was 11.2% or 8.9/1,000 ventilator days with a 54.5% fatality rate. Among 19 of 22 A. baumannii VAP patients, 68.4% (13/19) had their environmental samples contaminated with A. baumannii and the most common contaminated sites were bed rails and endotracheal tube connectors (36.8% each). Multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii were involved in 77.3% of A. baumannii VAP. Molecular typing of 96 A. baumannii isolates was able to differentiate A. baumannii isolates into 7 types. Type 2 was the most common and found in 77.3% (17/22) of A. baumannii VAP patients admitted in 6 of 7 wards. Identical fingerprints were found in clinical isolates and their bed rails, endotracheal tube connectors and condensates of 5 patients. The results demonstrate that multiple clones of MDR A. baumannii were widely spread in the hospital. Bed rails and contaminated endotracheal tube connectors could be potential sources of A. baumannii spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphawita Chaladchalam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Wong HC, Liu SH, Chiou CS, Nishibuchi M, Lee BK, Suthienkul O, Nair GB, Kaysner CA, Taniguchi H. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing scheme for Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from fifteen countries. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 114:280-7. [PMID: 17161487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen in Taiwan and many other maritime Asian countries where seafood is frequently consumed. A total of 535 strains of V. parahaemolyticus were recovered mostly (97%) from clinical samples obtained in Taiwan or in 14 other countries. These strains were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis following SfiI digestion and a typing scheme was generated. The 115 different patterns identified were grouped into 13 types with dissimilarity values less than 15, plus 16 miscellaneous patterns not grouped into any of the types. Types I, A, D and J contained the most patterns, with the numbers of patterns being 17, 13, 12, and 11, respectively. However, types I, B, D, A, H and C contained the most strains, with the numbers of strains being 204, 73, 71, 54, 29 and 25, respectively. Type I consisted exclusively of the pandemic O3:K6 strains and genetically closely related strains. This PFGE typing scheme for V. parahaemolyticus could be used for the characterization of pathogenic isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin-chung Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan 111, Republic of China.
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Khemayan K, Pasharawipas T, Puiprom O, Sriurairatana S, Suthienkul O, Flegel TW. Unstable lysogeny and pseudolysogeny in Vibrio harveyi siphovirus-like phage 1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:1355-63. [PMID: 16461687 PMCID: PMC1392941 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.2.1355-1363.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of Vibrio harveyi (strain VH1114) to V. harveyi siphovirus-like phage 1 (VHS1) resulted in the production of a low percentage of lysogenized clones of variable stability. These were retrieved most easily as small colonies within dot plaques. Analysis revealed that VHS1 prophage was most likely carried by VH1114 as an episome rather than integrated into the host chromosome. In the late exponential growth phase, lysogenized VH1114 continuously produced VHS1 but also gave rise to a large number of cured progeny. The absence of phage DNA in the cured progeny was confirmed by the absence of VHS1 DNA in Southern blot and PCR assays. Curiously, these very stable, cured subclones did not show the parental phenotype of clear plaques with VHS1 but instead showed turbid plaques, both in overlaid lawns and in dot plaque assays. This phenotypic difference from the original parental isolate suggested that transient lysogeny by VHS1 had resulted in a stable genetic change in the cured clones. Such clones may be called pseudolysogens (i.e., false lysogens), since they have undergone transient lysogeny and have retained some resistance to full lytic phage development, despite the loss of viable or detectable prophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krit Khemayan
- Centex Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kenzaka T, Utrarachkij F, Suthienkul O, Nasu M. Rapid Monitoring of Escherichia coli in Southeast Asian Urban Canals by Fluorescent-Bacteriophage Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.52.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Kenzaka
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | | | | | - Masao Nasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Kenzaka T, Yamaguchi N, Utrarachkij F, Suthienkul O, Nasu M. Rapid Identification and Enumeration of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Urban Canals by Microcolony-Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.52.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Kenzaka
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | | | | | | | - Masao Nasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Suthienkul O, Aiumlaor P, Siripanichgon K, Eampokalap B, Likhanonsakul S, Utrarachkij F, Rakue Y. Bacterial causes of AIDS-associated diarrhea in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2001; 32:158-70. [PMID: 11485080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of bacterial diarrhea in AIDS patients has increased steadily and has led to enormous medical and public health problems. In this study, the clinical data together with 350 rectal swab samples each from AIDS patients with diarrhea (APD) and non-AIDS patients with diarrhea (NAPD), were collected and examined for bacterial enteropathogens at the Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Hospital (BIDH), Nonthaburi, Thailand from May to December 1996. Patients were matched by age and sex. The majority of these patients were male (79%, 554/700), aged between 15 and 34 years (70.9%). The study found that the isolation rates of bacterial enteropathogens causing diarrhea in APD (18%, 62/350) were considerably lower than those in NAPD (43%, 152/350) (p<0.05). The infection rate with Salmonella group B (19.7%, 12/61) in APD was found to be significantly higher than that in NAPD (14.3%, 2/14) (p<0.05). Vibrio parahaemolyticus (53.3%, 81/152), Plesiomonas shigelloides (27%, 41/152), Aeromonas spp (19.1%, 29/152) and V. cholerae O1 (15.1%, 23/152), were more frequently detected in NAPD than in APD (p<0.05). Only nine Escherichia coli strains were isolated from APD, of which six were enteroinvasive E. coli, two enterotoxigenic E. coli and one enterohemorrhagic E. coli (non O157) possessing both vtl and vt2. No V. cholerae strains were detected in APD. The least effective antibiotics were ampicillin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. Antibiotic resistant patterns of the isolated organisms were similar from both groups. The results from this study might be useful in Thailand in the diagnosis and management of clinical cases of bacterial diarrhea, especially APD.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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31
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Suthienkul O, Siripanichgon K, Promachot P, Echeverria P, Lexsomboon U, Rakue Y. Bacterial contamination of bottle milk in infants under 6 months in Children's Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1999; 30:770-5. [PMID: 10928374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial contamination of bottle milk samples obtained randomly from 500 infants under 6 months of age who came to the Out-patient Department of Children's Hospital Bangkok was determined by collecting bottle milk samples prepared at home following interview of their caretakers after obtaining their consent. Bacterial contamination was found in 91.8% (459/500) of bottle milk samples. Among the positive samples, 82.8% (380/459) contained enteric bacteria, another 17.2% were unidentified bacteria. The dominant enteric bacteria isolated from bottle milk were Klebsiella spp (56.6%), Enterobacter spp (41.3%), Aeromonas spp (14.4%), E. coli (13.4 %) and Vibrio cholerae non 0-1 (1.8%). Isolated E. coli were further identified as enteropathogenic E. coli (7.8%, 4/51) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (3.9%, 2/51). About 74% of the contaminated bottle milk contained one type of bacteria, 23.7% had two types and 2.3 % had 3 or more types of bacteria. A level of bacterial contamination greater than the US government limited number (USGLN 2x10(4) CFU/ml) was found in 86.4% of total examined samples (432/500) [geometric mean (GM) of 2.9 x 10(6) CFU/ml]. About 66% (333/500) of bottle milk samples had coliforms greater than the USGLN (1 x l0(2) CFU/ml) with GM of 1.3 x 10(4) CFU/ml. Therefore, in the preparation of bottle milk, feeding practice should be emphasized in every setting of maternal-child health care and promotion of breast-feeding should be encouraged by the health personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Rakue Y, Panasoponkul C, Suthienkul O, Radomyos P. Overview reflection of primary health care in Thailand supported from 1976 to 1996 by Japan-Thailand partnership. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1998; 29:622-7. [PMID: 10437969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The international health cooperation of Japan for developing countries has been mostly concentrated on matters such as improvement of hygienic environment, prevention of tropical infectious diseases, establishment of hospitals with modern medical instruments and devices, and dispatch of medical experts. PHC (Primary Health Care) activities based on voluntary participation of local inhabitants in developing countries have been largely neglected. In the field of health and medical care, sufficient effect may not be achieved unless the local health activity is based on voluntary participation of the inhabitants. The introduction of advanced modern medical technics may be beneficial to some of the inhabitants, while most of the local inhabitants may not have the chance to receive such benefits, and additionally it is difficult to propagate modern medical care and technics widely to rural areas. In Thailand, PHC activity based on community participation was started in 1985, with the following three main themes: (1) Training of Village Health Volunteers (VHV) and Village Health Communicators (VHC), and development of their activities. (2) Establishment and operation of Health Centers. (3) Establishment and operation of a Drug Cooperative System (DC). Earlier, one of PHC activities developed by Japan, "Thailand Local Health Activity Improvement Project" based on the program of Thailand-Japan Partnership, was initiated in 1976 in rural areas of Chanthaburi Prefecture. From 1982, third country training programs have been carried out by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). As 10 years have elapsed since the initiation of PHC activity in rural areas in Thailand under the cooperation of the Governments of Thailand and Japan, it seems to be time to reconsider how PHC activity should be developed in future based on a candid evaluation of achievements and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rakue
- Department of International Affairs, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Lida T, Park KS, Suthienkul O, Kozawa J, Yamaichi Y, Yamamoto K, Honda T. Close proximity of the tdh, trh and ure genes on the chromosome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbiology (Reading) 1998; 144 ( Pt 9):2517-2523. [PMID: 9782499 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-9-2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and location of the virulence-factor genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, tdh and trh, and the structural gene of urease, ureC, were examined on the genomic DNAs of 115 clinical isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. The majority of strains (81%) had two copies of tdh on the chromosome, and no copies of trh or ure. Southern hybridization with a tdh probe, after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Notl-digested genomic DNA of each strain revealed only single bands, suggesting that the two copies of the exist on single Notl fragments in each strain. Of the 115 strains, 7% had the tdh, trh and ure genes on chromosomal DNA. The three genes were also detected on single Notl fragments in these strains. More detailed analysis revealed that the three genes were localized within 40 kb. By long and accurate polymerase chain reactions (LA-PCR) the distance between trh and ure was shown to be less than 8.5 kb. These results reveal a close proximity of the tdh, trh and ure genes on the chromosome of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Lida
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565Japan
| | - Kwon-Sam Park
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565Japan
| | - Junji Kozawa
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Yamaichi
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565Japan
| | - Koichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565Japan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565Japan
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Iida T, Suthienkul O, Park KS, Tang GQ, Yamamoto RK, Ishibashi M, Yamamoto K, Honda T. Evidence for genetic linkage between the ure and trh genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Med Microbiol 1997; 46:639-45. [PMID: 9511811 DOI: 10.1099/00222615-46-8-639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although V. parahaemolyticus does not generally produce urease, several studies have reported urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical sources. Recently, studies have shown a complete coincidence between the urease-producing phenotype of V. parahaemolyticus strains and the possession of the thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH)-related haemolysin (TRH) gene (trh). TRH, like TDH, is considered to be an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis. The present study attempted to identify the gene ure encoding urease in V. parahaemolyticus to clarify the relationship between urease production and possession of trh. The polymerase chain reaction with mixed oligonucleotide primers targeted for conserved sequences of reported ure genes from other species was used to prepare a DNA probe to detect the V. parahaemolyticus ure gene. Colony hybridisation with this ure probe demonstrated that all the ure-positive strains produced urease. Considering the coincidence between production of urease and possession of trh in V. parahaemolyticus, it was concluded that the presence or absence of the ure gene is completely coincident with that of the trh gene in V. parahaemolyticus strains. Furthermore, the relative location of ure and trh on V. parahaemolyticus chromosomal DNA was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results showed that, in all the strains examined, ure and trh were detected on the same NotI fragment, showing that the two genes localise within a relatively small portion of the chromosome DNA. These results suggest that the ure and trh genes are genetically linked in V. parahaemolyticus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iida
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
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Iida T, Naka A, Suthienkul O, Sakaue Y, Guerrant RL, Honda T. Measurement of fecal lactoferrin for rapid diagnosis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25:167. [PMID: 9243062 DOI: 10.1086/516898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Iida
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Osaka University, Japan
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Suthienkul O, Iida T, Park KS, Ishibashi M, Supavej S, Yamamoto K, Honda T. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the tdh and trh genes in clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:1293-5. [PMID: 8727923 PMCID: PMC229002 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.5.1293-1295.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The restriction fragment length polymorphism of the genes encoding thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) was analyzed for 137 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from specimens from diarrheal patients in Thailand. The HindIII restriction fragment patterns of tdh and trh were grouped into five and four types, respectively. A strong association between the restriction fragment patterns of tdh and trh was observed with V. parahaemolyticus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suthienkul
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
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Chaicumpa W, Ngren-ngarmlert W, Kalambaheti T, Ruangkunaporn Y, Chongsa-nguan M, Tapchaisri P, Desakorn V, Suthienkul O. Monoclonal antibody-based dot-blot ELISA for the detection of Salmonella in foods. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1995; 13:159-66. [PMID: 8703245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced to polysaccharides in the LPS molecule of salmonellae was used in a dot-blot ELISA for detecting Salmonella in 873 food samples, ie 100 fresh chicken, 261 frozen chicken, 78 pork, 84 beef, 100 hen eggs, 100 duck eggs, 50 sea-mussels, 50 shrimps and 50 squids in comparison with the conventional culture method. Salmonella culture from foods involved the following steps: pre-enrichment, enrichment in selective medium, isolation on selective and indicator media, followed by biochemical and serological identification of appropriate colonies, respectively. The whole culture procedure took 5 days. Food samples from the selective enrichment medium were also subjected to the MAb-based dot-blot ELISA. The whole procedure of dot-blot ELISA took less than 2 hours. Among 873 food samples, salmonellae could be recovered from 7.4% of the samples by the bacterial isolation method (16% of fresh chicken, 8.8% of frozen chicken, 24.4% of pork, 3.6% of beef and 2% each of hen eggs and duck eggs, respectively). Salmonella derby were predominant among pork samples while S.paratyphi B biovar java predominated in chicken. The MAb-based dot-blot ELISA were positive in 19.5% of the food samples, i.e. 30% of fresh chicken, 27.6% of frozen chicken, 34.6% of pork, 21.4% of beef, 20% of shrimp, 16% of sea-mussels, 2% of hen eggs and 4% of duck eggs. The sensitivity and specificity of the MAb-based dot-blot ELISA compared to the bacterial culture method were 81.5% and 85%, respectively. The discrepancy of the data between the culture method and the dot-blot ELISA might be due to the fact that the culture method could detect only living cells at numbers that gave at least one isolated colony on the selective/differential plate while the dot-blot ELISA detects any form of Salmonella antigen. The monoclonal antibody-based dot-blot ELISA offers several advantages over the conventional bacterial culture method when it is used for screening of Salmonella contamination in foods, especially export foods. These include rapidity, cost-effectiveness and simplicity (the dot-blot ELISA does not need highly trained personnel or equipment, in contrast to the culture method). The test can be performed in field conditions and the result can be read visually. It also offers multisample analysis at one time which renders more samples of food for screening possible, thus false negative results are fewer which, in turn, assures the quality of the export food in a cost-saving, short time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chaicumpa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Suthienkul O, Ishibashi M, Iida T, Nettip N, Supavej S, Eampokalap B, Makino M, Honda T. Urease production correlates with possession of the trh gene in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in Thailand. J Infect Dis 1995; 172:1405-8. [PMID: 7594689 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/172.5.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 489 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from patients in Thailand with diarrhea was examined for the presence of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin genes (tdh and trh, respectively), their serovars, TDH production, and urease activity. Of the strains, 81% were positive only for the tdh gene, 6% for both trh and tdh genes, and 2% for the trh gene only. Thirty-seven (8%) of the 489 isolates were positive for urease production. Of special interest, all urease-positive strains possessed the trh gene, and conversely, urease-negative strains lacked the gene, indicating that urease production by V. parahaemolyticus strains strongly correlates with the possession of the trh gene. Thus, the urease-positive phenotype of V. parahaemolyticus can be considered an indication of virulent (trh-possessing) V. parahaemolyticus strains in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology (Faculty of Public Health), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bangtrakulnonth A, Suthienkul O, Kitjakara A, Pornrungwong S, Siripanichgon K. First isolation of Salmonella blockley in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1994; 25:688-92. [PMID: 7667714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The first isolation of Salmonella blockley in Thailand was found in 2 strains of animal feed samples and 3 strains of chicken feather samples from a private poultry company in 1989. From 1987 to 1992, the number of S. blockley isolates increased and found in various sources. The major sources were the stools of diarrheal patients, mainly children. Another source of S. blockley was frozen chicken meat which increased every year studied. S. blockley isolated from human and other sources showed a high percentage resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, kanamycin and chloramphenicol and a low percentage resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Thus, S. blockley must now be listed as a possible cause of Salmonella food poisoning in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bangtrakulnonth
- WHO National Salmonella and Shigella Typing Center, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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Suthienkul O, Poomchart A, Kositanont U, Siripanichgon K, Vathanophas K. Dot-ELISA for seroepidemiological study of exposure to Shigella flexneri. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1993; 11:141-7. [PMID: 8080607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A seroepidemiological study for determining serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Shigella flexneri using dot--ELISA was carried out in Krabi Province, Thailand, from January 1989 to December 1990. From 363 serum samples obtained from cord blood and from venous blood of the healthy persons aged from 6 months to over 50 years, 56% and 22%, respectively, were found to be positive for specific IgG and IgM antibodies to S. flexneri LPS. The IgG prevalence was initially detected at 3-4 years of age and then rose sharply with age. In contrast, IgM was detectable earlier, with much lower prevalence than that of IgG. The highest seroprevalence values were in the age groups 30-49 years for IgG and 15-19 years for IgM. The seroprevalence of S. flexneri infection was statistically higher among males, Buddhists, businessmen, and those with elementary education. S. flexneri infection was not associated with family income, home location, eating behaviour or water supply. These seroepidemiologic data demonstrated that most of the population in Krabi Province had been infected with S. flexneri.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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41
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Suthienkul O, Miyazaki O, Chulasiri M, Kositanont U, Oishi K. Retroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity in Thai herbs and spices: screening with Moloney murine leukemia viral enzyme. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1993; 24:751-5. [PMID: 7524165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-seven Thai herbs and spices were examined for their retroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity. All herbs and spices were extracted with hot-water and methanol. Reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity of the extracts was determined by using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus reverse transcriptase (M-MuLV-RT) reacted with 3H-dTTP and radioactivity measured with a scintillation counter. Eighty-one per cent (46/57) of hot-water extracts and 54% (31/57) of methanol extracts showed inhibitory activities. At a concentration of 125 micrograms/ml, 13% (6/46) of hot-water extracts, namely Eugenia caryophyllus Bullock et Harrison, Phyllanthus urinaria Linn., Terminalia belerica Roxb., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Psidium guajava Linn. and Lawsonia inermis Linn., had a relative inhibitory ratio (IR) over 50%. They showed ratios of 100%, 91%, 75%, 74%, 61% and 60%, respectively. For methanol extracts, only 10% (3/31) had IR values over 50%. They were T. belerica, E. caryophyllus and N. nucifera which exhibited IR values of 83%, 54% and 54%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Suthienkul O. Bacteriophage typing of Vibrio fluvialis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1993; 24:449-54. [PMID: 8160051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Six stable bacteriophages of Vibrio fluvialis were isolated from 44 surface water specimens collected in Thailand and Japan. Twelve different phages types were found among 109 V. fluvialis isolated from feces of diarrheal patients and the environment. Seventy-three percent (80/109) of these 109 isolates were typable with these phages. One phage type, designated as A (1) was predominant and accounted for 43% of the V. fluvialis examined. The six bacteriophages used in this typing scheme were stable for at least during a three-month storage at 4 degrees C. This proposed bacteriophage typing scheme may be of valuable aid in tracing sources and routes of infection in outbreaks of V. fluvialis infection in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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43
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Suthienkul O, Poomchart A, Kositanont U, Siripanichgon K, Vathanophas K. ELISA for seroepidemiological study of exposure to Vibrio cholerae of population in Krabi Province, Thailand. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1992; 10:55-60. [PMID: 1418185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Seroepidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae exposure was carried out in Krabi Province during January 1989 to December 1990 using indirect ELISA to determine serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of V. cholerae. Among 363 serum samples obtained from cord blood and venous blood of healthy persons, aged from 6 months to over 50 years, 65% and 64% were found positive for specific IgG and IgM against LPS of V. cholerae, respectively. The seroprevalence of V. cholerae infection increased with age from that found at 6 months, being highest in the age groups of 30-49 years for IgG and 15-29 years for IgM. The seroprevalence of V. cholerae infection was higher among female Muslims and home-makers, and increased with the family income. The seroprevalence of cholera infection was also influenced by home location, methods of food storage and water supply. These data suggested that a large number of Krabi's population had V. cholerae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Suthienkul O, Brown JE, Seriwatana J, Tienthongdee S, Sastravaha S, Echeverria P. Shiga-like-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in retail meats and cattle in Thailand. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:1135-9. [PMID: 2187402 PMCID: PMC184355 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.4.1135-1139.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific DNA probes were used to identify Shiga-like toxin I (SLT I)- and SLT II-producing Escherichia coli in vegetables, meats, cattle, and farm animals in Thailand. SLT-producing E. coli was isolated from 9% of market beef specimens, from 8 to 28% of fresh beef specimens at slaughterhouses, and from 11 to 84% of fecal specimens from cattle. Animals were frequently infected with several different SLT-producing E. coli types that hybridized with either the SLT I, SLT II, or both SLT probes. Of 119 SLT-producing E. coli isolates, 24% hybridized with the SLT I probe, 31% hybridized with the SLT II probe, and 44% hybridized with both SLT probes. The enterohemorrhagic E. coli plasmid probe hybridized with 64% (68 of 106) of SLT-producing E. coli isolates from food and cattle and with 8% (17 of 201) of E. coli isolates from pigs. No SLT-producing E. coli was detected in pigs. Seventy-six percent (26 of 34) of E. coli isolates that hybridized with the SLT II probe were cytotoxic to Vero but not to HeLa cells, suggesting that they produced the variant of SLT II. The high prevalence of SLT-producing E. coli in beef-producing animals suggests that exposure to animals and eating beef may pose a health risk for acquiring enterohemorrhagic E. coli infections in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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45
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Abstract
Faecal Escherichia coli isolated from healthy farm chickens, from farm chickens with avian influenza, and from chickens with diarrhoea were more resistant to antimicrobial agents (94-100%) than those isolated from healthy domestic chickens (20%). Transfer of drug resistance was readily achieved from strains isolated from both healthy and sick farm chickens, and from diarrhoeic chickens; it was more difficult to demonstrate in strains from domestic chickens. Resistant E. coli showing serotypes suspected to be enteropathogenic for man, i.e 0126:K71(B16), 044:K74 (L) and 0119:K69(B14), were isolated from faecal samples of healthy and sick farm chickens, but not from healthy domestic birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chulasiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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46
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Fongsiri K, Suthienkul O, Taylor DN, Saiborisuth S, Sricharmorn S, Kongvisaisook S, Echeverria P. A comparison of methods for the isolation of Campylobacter species from stool specimens. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1989; 20:139-46. [PMID: 2772700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Eight methods used for isolation of Campylobacter species were compared. Using a combination of methods Campylobacter species were isolated from 30 (11%) of 270 children with diarrhea seen at Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Hospital, Nonthaburi, Thailand. The membrane filter method using a gas generating envelope at 37 degrees C identified 73% of the total positive specimens and was found to be the best isolation method for Campylobacter species from stool specimens. This method identified two strains that failed to grow on antibiotic containing media, and also gave a higher isolation rate of C. jejuni than could be isolated with conventional methods. The combination of the membrane filter method and a selective antibiotic method identified 90% of all isolates. At present the cost of the membrane filter method is higher than other methods. Therefore, the selective antibiotic method (Campy-BAP) with sheep blood under gas mixture at 42 degrees C is recommended for laboratories with limited supplies. Diagnosis by direct smear with 1% basic fuchsin revealed high degree of sensitivity and specificity. This rapid, inexpensive, and simple method could be used to make a presumptive diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis when isolation methods are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fongsiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Seriwatana J, Brown JE, Echeverria P, Taylor DN, Suthienkul O, Newland J. DNA probes to identify Shiga-like toxin I- and II-producing enteric bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with diarrhea in Thailand. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:1614-5. [PMID: 3049664 PMCID: PMC266676 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.8.1614-1615.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When Shigella species, Escherichia coli, and five other bacterial enteric pathogens isolated from children with diarrhea in Thailand were tested for hybridization under stringent conditions with probes for Shiga-like toxins I and II, only 30 Shigella dysenteriae 1 hybridized with the Shiga-like toxin I probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seriwatana
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rasrinaul L, Suthienkul O, Echeverria PD, Taylor DN, Seriwatana J, Bangtrakulnonth A, Lexomboon U. Foods as a source of enteropathogens causing childhood diarrhea in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1988; 39:97-102. [PMID: 3041859 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1988.39.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Foods obtained in markets in Bangkok were cultured for bacterial enteric pathogens and examined for their similarity to strains isolated from children under 5 years of age in Bangkok in 1986. Salmonella was isolated from 17%, Campylobacter from 12%, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) from 3% of 510 foods examined. Campylobacter was isolated from 13.5%, ETEC from 13%, and Salmonella from 12% of 1,230 children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Eighty-eight percent of children infected with Salmonella were infected with serotypes isolated from foods of animal origin. Six percent of children with Salmonella were infected with the same serotype containing plasmids with identical endonuclease restriction patterns as isolates from food. Eighty-seven percent of children with Campylobacter were infected with the same serotypes and biotypes found in food of animal origin. Thirty-one percent of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) producing ETEC from foods containing genes coding for LT II, but LT II ETEC was not isolated from children. Twenty-one percent of ETEC isolated from foods vs. 53% isolated from children were resistant to 2 or more antibiotics (P less than 0.01). Salmonella and Campylobacter, but not ETEC, isolated from foods were similar to strains isolated from children. Foods of animal origin are an important source of Salmonella and Campylobacter in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rasrinaul
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Vathanophas K, Indrasukhsri T, Bunyaratabandhu P, Suthienkul O, Varavithya W. The study of knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers concerning diarrhoea and oral rehydration salts in the Bangkok metropolis. J Med Assoc Thai 1988; 71:177-82. [PMID: 3418250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Echeverria P, Taylor DN, Suthienkul O. Recent advances in bacterial diarrhoea. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1986; 17:627-34. [PMID: 3554546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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