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Pillot G, Amin Ali O, Davidson S, Shintu L, Combet-Blanc Y, Godfroy A, Bonin P, Liebgott PP. Evolution of Thermophilic Microbial Communities from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Chimney under Electrolithoautotrophic Conditions with Nitrate. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122475. [PMID: 34946077 PMCID: PMC8705573 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the presence of an abiotic electrical current across the walls of deep-sea hydrothermal chimneys, allowing the growth of electroautotrophic microbial communities. To understand the role of the different phylogenetic groups and metabolisms involved, this study focused on electrotrophic enrichment with nitrate as electron acceptor. The biofilm density, community composition, production of organic compounds, and electrical consumption were monitored by FISH confocal microscopy, qPCR, metabarcoding, NMR, and potentiostat measurements. A statistical analysis by PCA showed the correlation between the different parameters (qPCR, organic compounds, and electron acceptors) in three distinct temporal phases. In our conditions, the Archaeoglobales have been shown to play a key role in the development of the community as the first colonizers on the cathode and the first producers of organic compounds, which are then used as an organic source by heterotrophs. Finally, through subcultures of the community, we showed the development of a greater biodiversity over time. This observed phenomenon could explain the biodiversity development in hydrothermal contexts, where energy sources are transient and unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pillot
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Oulfat Amin Ali
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Sylvain Davidson
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Laetitia Shintu
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France;
| | - Yannick Combet-Blanc
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Anne Godfroy
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, IFREMER, 29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Patricia Bonin
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Pierre-Pol Liebgott
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Pillot G, Amin Ali O, Davidson S, Shintu L, Godfroy A, Combet-Blanc Y, Bonin P, Liebgott PP. Identification of enriched hyperthermophilic microbial communities from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney under electrolithoautotrophic culture conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14782. [PMID: 34285254 PMCID: PMC8292307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are extreme and complex ecosystems based on a trophic chain. We are still unsure of the identities of the first colonizers of these environments and their metabolism, but they are thought to be (hyper)thermophilic autotrophs. Here we investigate whether the electric potential observed across hydrothermal chimneys could serve as an energy source for these first colonizers. Experiments were performed in a two-chamber microbial electrochemical system inoculated with deep-sea hydrothermal chimney samples, with a cathode as sole electron donor, CO2 as sole carbon source, and nitrate, sulfate, or oxygen as electron acceptors. After a few days of culturing, all three experiments showed growth of electrotrophic biofilms consuming the electrons (directly or indirectly) and producing organic compounds including acetate, glycerol, and pyruvate. Within the biofilms, the only known autotroph species retrieved were members of Archaeoglobales. Various heterotrophic phyla also grew through trophic interactions, with Thermococcales growing in all three experiments as well as other bacterial groups specific to each electron acceptor. This electrotrophic metabolism as energy source driving initial microbial colonization of conductive hydrothermal chimneys is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pillot
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Oulfat Amin Ali
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Sylvain Davidson
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Laetitia Shintu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Godfroy
- IFREMER, CNRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes-UMR6197, Ifremer, Centre de Brest CS10070, Plouzané, France
| | - Yannick Combet-Blanc
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Patricia Bonin
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Pierre-Pol Liebgott
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Chabert N, Amin Ali O, Achouak W. All ecosystems potentially host electrogenic bacteria. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 106:88-96. [PMID: 26298511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Instead of requiring metal catalysts, MFCs utilize bacteria that oxidize organic matter and either transfer electrons to the anode or take electrons from the cathode. These devices are thus based on a wide microbial diversity that can convert a large array of organic matter components into sustainable and renewable energy. A wide variety of explored environments were found to host electrogenic bacteria, including extreme environments. In the present review, we describe how different ecosystems host electrogenic bacteria, as well as the physicochemical, electrochemical and biological parameters that control the currents from MFCs. We also report how using new molecular techniques allowed characterization of electrochemical biofilms and identification of potentially new electrogenic species. Finally we discuss these findings in the context of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chabert
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere & Extreme Environment (LEMiRE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; CNRS, BVME UMR 7265, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France
| | - Oulfat Amin Ali
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere & Extreme Environment (LEMiRE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; CNRS, BVME UMR 7265, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France
| | - Wafa Achouak
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere & Extreme Environment (LEMiRE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; CNRS, BVME UMR 7265, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France.
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Khelifi N, Amin Ali O, Roche P, Grossi V, Brochier-Armanet C, Valette O, Ollivier B, Dolla A, Hirschler-Réa A. Anaerobic oxidation of long-chain n-alkanes by the hyperthermophilic sulfate-reducing archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. ISME J 2014; 8:2153-66. [PMID: 24763368 PMCID: PMC4992073 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The thermophilic sulfate-reducing archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus strain VC-16 (DSM 4304), which is known to oxidize fatty acids and n-alkenes, was shown to oxidize saturated hydrocarbons (n-alkanes in the range C10-C21) with thiosulfate or sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. The amount of n-hexadecane degradation observed was in stoichiometric agreement with the theoretically expected amount of thiosulfate reduction. One of the pathways used by anaerobic microorganisms to activate alkanes is addition to fumarate that involves alkylsuccinate synthase as a key enzyme. A search for genes encoding homologous enzymes in A. fulgidus identified the pflD gene (locus-tag AF1449) that was previously annotated as a pyruvate formate lyase. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that this gene is of bacterial origin and was likely acquired by A. fulgidus from a bacterial donor through a horizontal gene transfer. Based on three-dimensional modeling of the corresponding protein and molecular dynamic simulations, we hypothesize an alkylsuccinate synthase activity for this gene product. The pflD gene expression was upregulated during the growth of A. fulgidus on an n-alkane (C16) compared with growth on a fatty acid. Our results suggest that anaerobic alkane degradation in A. fulgidus may involve the gene pflD in alkane activation through addition to fumarate. These findings highlight the possible importance of hydrocarbon oxidation at high temperatures by A. fulgidus in hydrothermal vents and the deep biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Khelifi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Oulfat Amin Ali
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Roche
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS UMR 7258, INSERM U 1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Grossi
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Odile Valette
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR 7283, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Ollivier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Dolla
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR 7283, Marseille, France
| | - Agnès Hirschler-Réa
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
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Orive G, Ali OA, Anitua E, Pedraz JL, Emerich DF. Biomaterial-based technologies for brain anti-cancer therapeutics and imaging. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:96-107. [PMID: 20406668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Treating malignant brain tumors represents one of the most formidable challenges in oncology. Contemporary treatment of brain tumors has been hampered by limited drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the tumor bed. Biomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in developing more effective brain tumor treatments. In particular, polymer (nano)particles can provide prolonged drug delivery directly to the tumor following direct intracerebral injection, by making them physiochemically able to cross the BBB to the tumor, or by functionalizing the material surface with peptides and ligands allowing the drug-loaded material to be systemically administered but still specifically target the tumor endothelium or tumor cells themselves. Biomaterials can also serve as targeted delivery devices for novel therapies including gene therapy, photodynamic therapy, anti-angiogenic and thermotherapy. Nanoparticles also have the potential to play key roles in the diagnosis and imaging of brain tumors by revolutionizing both preoperative and intraoperative brain tumor detection, allowing early detection of pre-cancerous cells, and providing real-time, longitudinal, non-invasive monitoring/imaging of the effects of treatment. Additional efforts are focused on developing biomaterial systems that are uniquely capable of delivering tumor-associated antigens, immunotherapeutic agents or programming immune cells in situ to identify and facilitate immune-mediated tumor cell killing. The continued translation of current research into clinical practice will rely on solving challenges relating to the pharmacology of nanoparticles but it is envisioned that novel biomaterials will ultimately allow clinicians to target tumors and introduce multiple, pharmaceutically relevant entities for simultaneous targeting, imaging, and therapy in a unique and unprecedented manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Orive
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Ali
- Central Veterinary Research Administration, Elamarat, Khartoum, Sudan
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Hajer IE, Mahmoud AW, Ali OA. Detection of a togavirus-like agent in bovine leukocytes. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr 1981; 29:56-63. [PMID: 6271314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mostafa SA, Ali OA. Identity and lipase productivity of a mesophilic actinomycete isolated from Egyptian soil. Zentralbl Bakteriol Naturwiss 1979; 134:316-24. [PMID: 44598 DOI: 10.1016/s0323-6056(79)80004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1. A mesophilic lipolytic actinomycete was isolated from Egyptian soil and was identified as a strain of Streptomyces flavogriseus. 2. Lipase(s) produced by S. flavogriseus is (at least partly) constitutive in its (their) nature and can be produced in the absence of lipids, however, its production is stimulated in their presence. 3. S. flavogriseus was unable to grow at 40 degrees C or higher temperatures. However, lipase(s) produced at lower temperatures (e.g. 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C) were more active at 45 and 55 degrees C. This is probably due to the presence of a heat sensitive lipase inhibitor in the culture filtrate. 4. Optimum conditions for lipase(s) production by S. flavoriseus are pH 6.8, incubation for 48-72 hours at 35 degrees C with 0.8% castor oil as the carbon source in Dox liquid medium supplemented with 0.3% yeast extract. 5. Factors supporting good growth were not always the same as those stimulating lipase(s) production.
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