1
|
Gozdzielewska L, King C, Flowers P, Mellor D, Dunlop P, Price L. Scoping review of approaches for improving antimicrobial stewardship in livestock farmers and veterinarians. Prev Vet Med 2020; 180:105025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
2
|
Thomas IA, Jordan P, Mellander PE, Fenton O, Shine O, Ó hUallacháin D, Creamer R, McDonald NT, Dunlop P, Murphy PNC. Improving the identification of hydrologically sensitive areas using LiDAR DEMs for the delineation and mitigation of critical source areas of diffuse pollution. Sci Total Environ 2016; 556:276-290. [PMID: 26974575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Identifying critical source areas (CSAs) of diffuse pollution in agricultural catchments requires the accurate identification of hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) at highest propensity for generating surface runoff and transporting pollutants. A new GIS-based HSA Index is presented that improves the identification of HSAs at the sub-field scale by accounting for microtopographic controls. The Index is based on high resolution LiDAR data and a soil topographic index (STI) and also considers the hydrological disconnection of overland flow via topographic impediment from flow sinks. The HSA Index was applied to four intensive agricultural catchments (~7.5-12km(2)) with contrasting topography and soil types, and validated using rainfall-quickflow measurements during saturated winter storm events in 2009-2014. Total flow sink volume capacities ranged from 8298 to 59,584m(3) and caused 8.5-24.2% of overland-flow-generating-areas and 16.8-33.4% of catchment areas to become hydrologically disconnected from the open drainage channel network. HSA maps identified 'breakthrough points' and 'delivery points' along surface runoff pathways as vulnerable points where diffuse pollutants could be transported between fields or delivered to the open drainage network, respectively. Using these as proposed locations for targeting mitigation measures such as riparian buffer strips reduced potential costs compared to blanket implementation within an example agri-environment scheme by 66% and 91% over 1 and 5years respectively, which included LiDAR DEM acquisition costs. The HSA Index can be used as a hydrologically realistic transport component within a fully evolved sub-field scale CSA model, and can also be used to guide the implementation of 'treatment-train' mitigation strategies concurrent with sustainable agricultural intensification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Thomas
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Co., Wexford, Ireland; School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - P Jordan
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Co., Wexford, Ireland; School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - P-E Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Co., Wexford, Ireland.
| | - O Fenton
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Co., Wexford, Ireland.
| | - O Shine
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Co., Wexford, Ireland.
| | - D Ó hUallacháin
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Co., Wexford, Ireland.
| | - R Creamer
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Co., Wexford, Ireland.
| | - N T McDonald
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Co., Wexford, Ireland.
| | - P Dunlop
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - P N C Murphy
- Environment and Sustainable Resource Management Section, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamza N, Banerjee B, Overbeck K, Brown A, Dunlop P, Vetrivel S. Groin complications following femoral artery surgery. A retrospective audit. Int J Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.08.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Dunlop P, Mclean M, Payne G. Better Outcomes are Achieved with a Proactive Team Approach in Managing Cancers of the Head and Neck. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2011.01.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Richmond N, Pilling K, Thompson E, Walker C, Dunlop P. Image Guidance Derived Set-up Errors for Head and Neck IMRT Patients. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2011.01.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
6
|
Dunlop P. PET/CT Usage in Head and Neck Cancer Leads to Improved and Reassuring Decisions in the Majority of Cases. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2011.01.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
7
|
Selinger M, Mackenzie I, Dunlop P, James D. Intra-umbilical vein oxytocin in the management of retained placenta. A double blind placebo controlled study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01443618609112286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Selinger
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford
| | - I. Mackenzie
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford
| | - P. Dunlop
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol
| | - D. James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Selinger M, Mackenzie I, Dunlop P, James D. Intra-umbilical vein oxytocin in the management of retained placenta. A double blind placebo controlled study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01443618709068480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
The proximal humerus internal locking system is an internal fixation device consisting of a low-profile plate and locking screws, which is used for the fixation of three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus. We describe a case in which the screws cut out of the humeral head causing injury to the axillary artery necessitating urgent removal of the implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Khunda
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, England.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kai B, Ryan A, Munk PL, Dunlop P. Gorham disease of bone: three cases and review of radiological features. Clin Radiol 2007; 61:1058-64. [PMID: 17097429 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Kai
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thrusfield M, Mansley L, Dunlop P, Pawson A, Taylor J. The foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Dumfries and Galloway, 2001. 2: Serosurveillance, and efficiency and effectiveness of control procedures after the national ban on animal movements. Vet Rec 2005; 156:269-78. [PMID: 15765895 DOI: 10.1136/vr.156.9.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
After the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in Dumfries and Galloway in south-west Scotland in 2001, serosurveillance of sheep remaining in the 3 km radius Protection Zones around Infected Premises (IPS), and within a 10 km radius of IPS, revealed no evidence of infection. The epidemic was brought under control by a range of traditional techniques: slaughter of all animals on IPS and of veterinary-assessed Dangerous Contacts (DCS), movement restrictions, biosecurity, tracing of potential sources and spread of virus, and surveillance of At-Risk premises. Novel pre-emptive slaughter of FMD-susceptible animals on premises contiguous to IPS, and small ruminants and pigs on premises within 3 km of IPSs, commenced after the epidemic had peaked. Most of the traditional control procedures were undertaken quickly and with appropriate priority. Animals on IPS were usually slaughtered within one day of confirmation, and veterinary-assessed DCS within two days of confirmation of relevant IPS (a median of two days). The pre-emptive contiguous and 3 km culls took somewhat longer (medians of five and 17 days, respectively). IPS were most commonly identified as a result of reporting by farmers or their veterinarians (72 per cent of IPS); veterinary clinical patrols identified 16 per cent, while veterinary assessment of DCS and tracing each identified 5 per cent. No evidence of infection was found on any pre-emptively contiguously culled premises, and IPS were declared only on three 3 km cull premises. The time from estimated first lesion to end of slaughter on an IP was found, by regression analysis, to be a key component in effective control, manifested by a reduction in the estimated dissemination rate (EDR); there was little evidence that the intensity of contiguous culling affected the EDR. Patrols and serological surveillance of residual animals within 10 km of IPS, supported by more extensive evidence from elsewhere in the UK, suggested that cryptic infection in sheep was not widespread. Ultimately, there was insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of 3 km pre-emptive culling as a control procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Thrusfield
- Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin EH25 9RG
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thrusfield M, Mansley L, Dunlop P, Taylor J, Pawson A, Stringer L. The foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Dumfries and Galloway, 2001. 1: Characteristics and control. Vet Rec 2005; 156:229-52. [PMID: 15751571 DOI: 10.1136/vr.156.8.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Dumfries and Galloway in south-west Scotland comprised 177 infected premises (IPS) in 24 geographical clusters, and ran from March 1 until May 23, 2001. Initial seeding of infection was by livestock (predominantly sheep) that had passed through Longtown Market in adjacent Cumbria. Thereafter, spread within existing, and to new, clusters was associated with the movement of personnel and vehicles, with further transmission by Longtown Market contacts and across common boundaries. Sheep and cattle premises were equally affected. After the peak of the epidemic at the beginning of the third week of March, the upper possible limit of attack rates for premises contiguous to IPS, and premises within 3 km, remained around 10 per cent, with new clusters emerging more distantly. Control procedures included traditional methods of slaughter of all animals on IPS and, elsewhere, of animals considered by veterinary assessment to be Dangerous Contacts; movement restrictions; enhanced biosecurity; tracing of potential sources and spread of virus; and surveillance of premises subsequently considered at risk. These methods were supplemented by the novel pre-emptive slaughter, without veterinary assessment, of all susceptible livestock on all premises contiguous to IPS, and of small ruminants and pigs within a 3 km radius (known as the Protection Zone) around IPS. In total, approximately 80,000 cattle, 564,000 sheep, 2600 pigs and 500 goats were slaughtered, the novel methods accounting for 29 per cent of all cattle and 75 per cent of all sheep killed. Limitations of existing national databases necessitated the development of local databases to administer control procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Thrusfield
- Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin EH25 9RG
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dunlop P, Owen R, Gett SK, Akomolafe AB, Wilson L, Rose JDG, Jones NAG, Lambert D, Wyatt MG, Lees TA. Combined surgical and radiological procedures. Br J Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01420-55.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim was to audit the effect of provision of an interventional theatre on the management of vascular disease in a tertiary centre.
Methods
All patients undergoing joint vascular surgical and radiological procedures during 20 months were reviewed. Data are presented with respect to type of procedure, initial success and length of hospital stay.
Results
Between October 1997 and July 1999, 100 combined procedures were performed in an endovascular operating theatre. Sixty of these were for stent-graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm and are excluded from further analysis. Forty patients (23 men and 17 women, of median age 65 (range 37–80) years) underwent combined procedures for claudication (nine), rest pain (13), tissue necrosis (five), acute ischaemia (seven), iliac aneurysm (three), amaurosis fugax (one), arteriovenous malformation (one) and subclavian vein occlusion (one).
Combined intervention was successful initially in 35 patients. Of the five failures, three were technical (not possible to cross an occluded vessel) and two were due to absence of run-off vessels. There was no perioperative death. Median hospital stay was 9 (range 1–116) days.
Conclusion
These data confirm that patients requiring both radiological and surgical intervention can be treated successfully within the confines of an interventional operating suite. Cooperation and coordination between surgeon and radiologist allows the tailoring of procedures to the individual patient's needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dunlop
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Owen
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - S K Gett
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - A B Akomolafe
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Wilson
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J D G Rose
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - N A G Jones
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Lambert
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - M G Wyatt
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - T A Lees
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
We report the percutaneous injection of tissue adhesive (Tisseal, Immuno, Vienna, Austria) to ablate a 12-cm internal iliac aneurysm. The complex history of this lesion included previous surgery for a ruptured aortic aneurysm, attempted repair of the internal iliac aneurysm, and several embolization procedures. These factors precluded further open repair or transcatheter techniques and dictated the choice of a more direct approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Owen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare highly malignant tumour. There have been previous descriptions of the CT appearances of this tumour, but to our knowledge this is the first MRI description. MRI may be a more sensitive method of initial evaluation of the local extension of the primary tumour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dunlop
- Department of Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dunlop P, Porter K, Varty K, Bell P, London N. Effect of recombinant growth factors on human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1998; 34:431-3. [PMID: 9661041 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-998-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Nicholson M, Dunlop P, Doughman T, Wheatley T, Butterworth P, Varty K, Lennard N, Veitch P, Bell P. Work-load generated by the establishment of a non-heart beating kidney transplant programme. Transpl Int 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1996.tb00923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Nicholson ML, Dunlop P, Doughman TM, Wheatley TJ, Butterworth PC, Varty K, Lennard N, Veitch PS, Bell PR. Work-load generated by the establishment of a non-heart beating kidney transplant programme. Transpl Int 1996; 9:603-6. [PMID: 8914244 DOI: 10.1007/bf00335564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The work-load generated by a non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) kidney transplant programme over a 3-year period is reported. A total of 73 referrals were made, 64 from the Accident department and 9 from the wards. Organ procurement was performed in 24 cases (33%) and resulted in the retrieval of 44 kidneys. Reasons for failure to achieve organ procurement were; refused consent (n = 13; 18%), relatives unavailable to ask for consent (n = 9; 12%), technical problems with catheter insertion or perfusion (n = 10; 14%), transplant staff unavailable (n = 1; 1%), long asystolic period (n = 8; 11%) and donor unsuitable for other reasons (n = 8; 11%). Of the 44 kidneys retrieved, 30 were transplanted locally, 8 were transplanted at other United Kingdom centres and 6 were discarded. Locally transplanted NHBD kidneys represented 21% of the total transplant programme during the time period under study. We conclude that NHBD kidneys are a good source of additional organs for transplantation, but only one-third of referrals result in a successful procurement procedure. Moreover, the setting up of a successful programme is labour-intensive and requires a highly committed staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Nicholson
- University Department of Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nasim A, Sayers RD, Dunlop P, Bell PR, Bolia A. Intentional extraluminal recanalisation of the femoropopliteal segment following perforation during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1996; 12:246-9. [PMID: 8760991 DOI: 10.1016/s1078-5884(96)80115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Nasim
- Department of Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dunlop P, Sayers RD, Naylor AR, Bell PR, London NJ. The effect of a surveillance programme on the patency of synthetic infrainguinal bypass grafts. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1996; 11:441-5. [PMID: 8846180 DOI: 10.1016/s1078-5884(96)80179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vein graft surveillance is widely acknowledged to be of benefit in improving graft patency at least in the first year after arterial bypass surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a surveillance programme on the patency of synthetic infrainguinal bypass grafts. DESIGN A prospective study of 69 consecutive prosthetic bypass grafts was undertaken over a 3 year period. METHODS Patients were seen at 3 monthly intervals after surgery and underwent measurement of ankle brachial pressure indices and a colour Duplex scan of the graft. RESULTS The surveillance programme was able to detect treatable lesions in five grafts and in the run-off vessels of two other grafts prior to occlusion. However 14 grafts failed after the first 30 days, 12 of which were not predicted by the surveillance programme. CONCLUSIONS Surveillance appears to be of limited benefit in the maintenance of patency of synthetic infrainguinal bypass grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dunlop
- Department of Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Porter KE, Nydahl S, Dunlop P, Varty K, Thrush AJ, London NJ. The development of an in vitro flow model of human saphenous vein graft intimal hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(95)00230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
22
|
Porter KE, Nydahl S, Dunlop P, Varty K, Thrush AJ, London NJ. The development of an in vitro flow model of human saphenous vein graft intimal hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Res 1996; 31:607-14. [PMID: 8689653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the role of blood flow has been investigated in animal models of intimal hyperplasia, there have been no detailed studies in intact human vein owing to the difficulties in designing a suitable laboratory model. The aim of this study was to develop a flow model of human vein graft intimal hyperplasia. METHODS Organ cultures of human saphenous vein were exposed to laminar flow by culturing in a closed circulatory system under predetermined conditions of venous and arterial shear stress for 14 days. Following fixation and processing, paraffin sections were immunostained and neointimal thicknesses measured. RESULTS It was found that arterial flow completely inhibited neointima formation, but venous flow only partly suppressed the response when compared with vein cultured under static conditions. These results are in agreement with previous in vivo studies in a primate graft model, where increased shear stress inhibited intimal proliferation. CONCLUSION The endothelial cell is believed to be the key mediator of haemodynamic effects which influence smooth muscle cell proliferation, and the flow rig developed in this study offers the potential to study inter-cellular interactions within the intact vessel. Furthermore, this method provides the facility to study the effects of different flow conditions on segments of vein from the same patient. This model has scope for further development and sophistication which may ultimately lead to increasing our understanding of the aetiology of vein graft stenoses, and hence formulation of preventative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Porter
- Department of Surgery, University of Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dunlop P, Varty K, Veitch PS, Nicholson ML, Bell PR. Non-heart-beating donors: the Leicester experience. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:2940-1; discussion 2935-9. [PMID: 7482970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Dunlop
- Department of Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vein graft surveillance is of proven benefit in improving graft patency at least in the first year after arterial bypass surgery. The aim of this study was to look at the longer term outcome of a vein graft surveillance programme on graft patency. METHODS One hundred and twelve consecutive vein grafts in 106 patients were prospectively entered into a vein graft surveillance programme. The median (range) follow up was 34 (1-76) months. RESULTS There were 23 (21%) early (less than 1 month) failures and a further 15 grafts occluded during follow up. The primary, primary assisted and secondary patencies at 4 years were 27%, 59% and 67% respectively. Thirty-eight grafts (34%) developed at least one stenosis at a median interval of 5 months after the operation. Eight (21%) of these stenoses occurred more than 12 months after surgery and would have been missed had surveillance been curtailed after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of graft surveillance extend beyond one year and surveillance should therefore continue indefinitely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dunlop
- Department of Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a case of improvement of ocular motility in a patient with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) with Coenzyme Q10. METHODS Coenzyme Q10 300 mg daily was given for three years with a three-day trial period of 200 mg daily after one year. Ocular ductions were measured by synoptophore. RESULTS Ocular ductions improved with treatment with Coenzyme Q10. CONCLUSION Coenzyme Q10, is effective in limiting the severity of ophthalmoplegia in this case.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dunlop P, Varty K, Hartshorne T, Bell PR, Bolia A, London NJ. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of infrainguinal vein graft stenosis: long-term outcome. Br J Surg 1995; 82:204-6. [PMID: 7749689 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800820220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective study was to examine the long-term outcome of infrainguinal vein graft stenosis managed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) as first-line treatment. Thirty-three infrainguinal vein graft stenoses detected by graft surveillance during a 44-month period were treated initially by PTA. The median (range) follow-up after angioplasty was 39 (18-56) months. Although 19 stenoses were successfully treated by a single PTA, 14 stenoses recurred at a median (range) interval of 8.5 (1-39) months. Restenosis occurred more frequently in the distal third of a graft (P = 0.002) compared with that in the proximal or mid-grafts, and restenosis was more common in in situ than reversed vein grafts (P = 0.03). It is concluded that infrainguinal vein graft stenoses were successfully treated by single PTA. There was, however, a high restenosis rate after angioplasty of stenosis in the distal third of a vein graft and, while approximately one third of such stenoses can be treated by a single PTA, the optimal management of recurrent stenosis requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dunlop
- Department of Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sayers RD, Thompson MM, Dunlop P, London NJ, Bell PR. The fate of infrainguinal PTFE grafts and an analysis of factors affecting outcome. Eur J Vasc Surg 1994; 8:607-10. [PMID: 7813729 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-821x(05)80599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-five infrainguinal polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bypass grafts were performed in 90 patients. Indications for surgery were severe claudication in 23 limbs (24%) and rest pain or tissue necrosis in 72 limbs (76%). Sixty-seven grafts (71%) were to the above knee popliteal artery and 28 (29%) to the infragenicular vessels. The primary, primary assisted and secondary graft patencies at 2 years in limbs with rest pain or tissue necrosis were 37, 42 and 46% respectively with a limb salvage rate of 65%. A univariate analysis was performed to identify preoperative risk factors which affected graft patency. Smoking, an ankle systolic pressure of less than 50 mmHg, presentation with rest pain or tissue necrosis and single vessel run-off all had a significant adverse effect on graft patency. However, multivariate analysis revealed that smoking was the only significant adverse variable. These findings support the view that PTFE grafts for limb salvage are worthwhile even if the distal anastomosis is below the knee and run-off is via a single vessel provided that the patient stops smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Sayers
- Department of Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Neill RA, Dunlop P, Dunlop DB, Fenelon B, Dunlop C. Stereoscopic evoked responses to crossed and uncrossed disparity accompanying simulated refractive error. Br J Ophthalmol 1988; 72:759-63. [PMID: 3191078 PMCID: PMC1041578 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.72.10.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Evoked potentials were recorded to the occurrence of a disparate stimulus in dynamic random dot stereograms. Seven adult males, all of whom had vision which was normal or corrected to normal, participated in the experiment. Subjects viewed 100 ms duration stimuli which embodied 30 arc min of either crossed or uncrossed disparity under four conditions of spherical overcorrection: -0.25, +1.0, +2.0, +3.0 dioptres. The first condition, essentially normal refraction, yielded reliable behavioural reports of the stimulus and clear evoked potentials to both crossed and uncrossed disparity. With increasing overcorrection the behavioural reports became less reliable, and the evoked potentials were degraded for both conditions of disparity. The responses to the crossed disparity condition, however, showed significantly less degradation in both behavioural and electrophysiological measures. The implications of this finding may be that there are separate cortical subsystems for the processing of crossed and uncrossed disparity and that the former is more robust under non-ideal viewing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Neill
- University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
When geometric or contoured shapes are generated as disparity regions in dynamic random-dot stereograms, the question of whether the subject's response is evoked largely by boundaries and corners of the disparate region arises. To examine this question a disparate square was shifted randomly within a focal region at one millisecond intervals, resulting in a nebulous stimulus which "welled up" in the centre of the field of view. The technique may be regarded as an analogue of the defocusing technique used to resolve similar questions about evoked potentials to patterned stimuli. Average visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded from homolateral pairs of occipital and posterior temporal electrodes referred to a common midline prefrontal site. The latencies and amplitudes of VEP to distinct and nebulous stimuli were compared in a group of young normal adults, of whom 14 succeeded in perceiving and 14 failed to perceive the presented stimuli. Latencies of maximal response to distinct and nebulous stimuli were closely similar in the two groups (range N242-N252). Mean amplitudes of the peak response differed between perceivers and non-perceivers. The responses to nebulous stimuli were smaller than those to distinct stimuli in site-for-site comparisons in both groups. Even in short averaging runs a substantial VEP (about 3 microvolt) was recorded to nebulous stimuli in the perceiver group. It is suggested that both disparity and boundary features contribute to the VEP when this particular display system is used.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Quantification of global stereopsis in addition to stereoacuity has been achieved by using dynamic random dot test patterns generated by inexpensive computer controlled integrated electronics. A pilot study revealed marked differences between the responses of a variety of clinically defective and normal subjects.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lovric VA, Donald R, Pacy H, Wright M, Webster R, VANDERFIELD GK, Frecker BE, Maxwell CM, Oates HF, Martin TJ, Patien M, Turner G, Byrnes D, Solomon HJ, B. D, Dunlop P, Sara C, Lowe TE, Sutherland JM, Cope I, Regan W, Craddock DR, Gault E, Benedek S, Gatenby AE, Gianoutsos P. Book Reviews. Med J Aust 1979. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1979.tb127051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
32
|
Dunlop P, Dunlop D. Infant strabismus: a 25-year review of 750 cases. Med J Aust 1979; 1:111-3. [PMID: 431453 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1979.tb112041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The review demonstrates that there is no justification for delay in treating babies who present with strabismus. A survey of 750 infants aged from 0 to 36 months among 5497 cases seen by an individual orthoptist over 25 years shows a decreasing use of surgery and an increasing proportion of fully functional results over this time. It emphasizes that no infant is too young for assessment and treatment.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Methylamine (methylammonium ion) entered Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-A by means of a specific active transport system. Methylamine uptake was pH dependent (maximum rate between pH 6.0 and 6.5) and temperature dependent (increasing up to 35 C) and required the presence of a fermentable or oxidizable energy source in the growth medium. At 23 C the vmax for methylamine transport was similar 17 nmol/min per mg of cells (dry weight) and the apparent Km was 220 muM. The transport system exhibited maximal activity in ammonia-grown cells and was repressed 60 to 70 percent when glutamine or asparagine was added to the growth medium. There was no significant derepression of the transport system during nitrogen starvation. Ammonia (ammonium ion) was a strong competitive inhibitor of methylamine uptake, whereas other amines inhibited to a much lesser extent. Mutants selected on the basis of their reduced ability to transport methylamine (Mea-R) simultaneously exhibited a decreased ability to transport ammonia.
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Dunlop P, Marini MA, Martin CJ. The reaction of -, -, and acetylated- -chymotrypsin with radioactive formaldehyde. Biochim Biophys Acta 1971; 243:320-2. [PMID: 5122663 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(71)90089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|