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A comprehensive review of the mechanism, changes, and effect of deep fat frying on the characteristics of restructured foods. Food Chem 2024; 450:139393. [PMID: 38640542 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Restructured foods are a blend of various ingredients that are dried or fried to obtain a ready-to-eat product. Several frying techniques have been employed viz., deep fat, microwave, vacuum, air, and spray frying. Deep-fat frying is the most common technique used for products that have improved texture and sensory characteristics. It facilitates various transformations that include starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, nutrient loss, non-enzymatic browning, lipid oxidation, etc. This physicochemical change alters both the product and the fried oil quality. The frying conditions will also influence the product characteristics and affect the properties of the fried product. This review focuses on the mechanisms and transformations during deep fat frying. The properties, namely physical, chemical, sensory, thermal, rheological, and microstructural changes of restructured foods were discussed. Thus, a better understanding of mechanisms and properties at optimum frying conditions would yield the desired product quality.
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Isoniazid urine spectrophotometry for prediction of serum pharmacokinetics in adults with TB. IJTLD OPEN 2024; 1:90-95. [PMID: 38655375 PMCID: PMC11037464 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.23.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoniazid (INH) is an important drug in many TB regimens, and unfavorable treatment outcomes can be caused by suboptimal pharmacokinetics. Dose adjustment can be personalized by measuring peak serum concentrations; however, the process involves cold-chain preservation and laboratory techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC)/mass spectrometry (MS), which are unavailable in many high-burden settings. Urine spectrophotometry could provide a low-cost alternative with simple sampling and quantification methods. METHODS We enrolled 56 adult patients on treatment for active TB. Serum was collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h for measurement of INH concentrations using validated LC-MS/MS methods. Urine was collected at 0-4, 4-8, and 8-24 h intervals, with INH concentrations measured using colorimetric methods. RESULTS The median peak serum concentration and total serum exposure over 24 h were 4.8 mg/L and 16.4 mg*hour/L, respectively. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curves for urine values predicting a subtherapeutic serum concentration (peak <3.0 mg/L) were as follows: 0-4 h interval (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.7-0.96), 0-8 h interval (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.71-0.96), and 0-24 h urine collection interval (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.68-0.96). CONCLUSION Urine spectrophotometry may improve feasibility of personalized dosing in high TB burden regions but requires further study of target attainment following dose adjustment based on a urine threshold.
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SnO2 quantum dots decorated BiOI nanoflowers as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitor application. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Heat and Mass Transfer on Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Convective Flow of Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Over a Permeable Media with Ramped Wall Temperature. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2022.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, the heat and mass transfer on unstable MHD convective flow of a non-compressible gelatinous electrical performing non-Newtonians Cassons hybrid nanoliquid past an unbounded exponential accelerated perpendicular stirring spongy surface underneath the influences
of slips velocity has been discussed. H2O as well as ethyleneglycol mixtures have been taking as the fundamental Cassons fluid. The stable homogeneous magnetic domain was applied underneath the presumption of least magnetic Reynold numbers. The ramped walls temperatures as well
as time changing concentrations near the surface were constructed into consideration. The initial ordered systematical chemical reacting and heat absorptions were also considering. Silver (Ag) in addition to CuO nanoparticles were spread in fundamental liquid H2O as well as ethylene-glycol
combined to be produced as hybrids nanoliquid. The Laplaces transformations techniques are applied on the in-dimensional leading equations for the closed forms solution. The equations for the non-dimensionalized shear stresses, rate of temperature along with accumulation transport were also
obtained. The graphical solutions are represented to scrutinized the impacts of physically parameters on the most important flow features. The computational quantities of the shear stress, rates of heat as well as mass transport near the surface were tabulate with the distinct entrenched parametrics.
The resulting velocity was growing by an enhancing in heat as well as concentrations buoyancy strengths, while slips parameter has opposite outcome on this for case of ramped walls temperatures. The current problems have most appliances by magnetic material processes, electrical performing
polymers mechanics, as well as purifications of molten metals with non-metallics.
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An enhanced dynamic KC-slice model for privacy preserving data publishing with multiple sensitive attributes by inducing sensitivity. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Response surface optimization and quality prediction of high pressure processed sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Application of fuzzy sensory analysis to evaluate consumer acceptance of vacuum dried onion slices. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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An Efficient Method for Coronavirus Detection Through X-rays using deep Neural Network. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 18:587-592. [PMID: 33438544 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617999210112193220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a group of infectious diseases caused by related viruses called coronaviruses. In humans, the seriousness of infection caused by a coronavirus in the respiratory tract can vary from mild to lethal. A serious illness can be developed in old people and those with underlying medical problems like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease. For the diagnosis of the coronavirus disease, due to the growing number of cases, a limited number of test kits for COVID-19 are available in the hospitals. Hence, it is important to implement an automated system as an immediate alternative diagnostic option to pause the spread of COVID-19 in the population. OBJECTIVE This paper proposes a deep learning model for classification of coronavirus infected patient detection using chest X-ray radiographs. METHODS A fully connected convolutional neural network model is developed to classify healthy and diseased X-ray radiographs. The proposed neural network model consists of seven convolutional layers with rectified linear unit, softmax (last layer) activation functions and max pooling layers which were trained using the publicly available COVID-19 dataset. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION For validation of the proposed model, the publicly available chest X-ray radiograph dataset consisting COVID-19 and normal patient's images were used. Considering the performance of the results that are evaluated based on various evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, MSE, RMSE & accuracy, it is seen that the accuracy of the proposed CNN model is 98.07%.
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Volunteering Motivations of Medical Undergraduates for Community Service at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital- A Qualitative Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2021. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/51504.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: There are very few studies from Western countries and almost none from India, that have tried to understand the factors influencing students’ motivation to volunteer for community service and much less on medical student’s motivation to volunteer for community service. Aim: To identify the factors that influence motivation of medical students to volunteer for community service. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study was done over a period of two weeks in November 2017. The study participants were medical students of a private medical college from Southern India. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interview guide based on a standardised motivation to volunteer inventory. Data was collected till data saturation was reached, which was 20 students. The interviews were conducted in privacy. Verbatim notes were taken and the interview was also recorded after taking consent from the participants. The data was transcribed and triangulation done. The data was analysed using the thematic analysis approach. Results: The main motives were enhancement and career motives. Value was not the main motive. Two other motives emerged, that were curiosity and relief from boredom. Conclusion: The study shows that the main motives behind volunteerism were enhancement and career. This was the first such study from India to the best of our knowledge which has enquired into the motives behind volunteerism in medical students.
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Comparative performance analysis of enzyme inactivation of soy milk by using
RSM
and
ANN. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Simultaneous optimization of drilling responses using GRA on Al-6063/TiC composite. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Microbial destruction kinetics of high-pressure-processed sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum). J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kinetic modeling of polyphenoloxidase inactivation during thermal-assisted high pressure processing in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Effect of high pressure and thermal processing on spoilage-causing enzymes in mango ( Mangifera indica ). Food Res Int 2017; 100:885-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Comparative analysis of thermal-assisted high pressure and thermally processed mango pulp: Influence of processing, packaging, and storage. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2017; 24:15-34. [PMID: 28835121 DOI: 10.1177/1082013217724578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Storage stability and shelf-life of mango pulp packed in three different packaging films and processed using an optimized thermal-assisted high pressure processing treatment 'HPP' (600 MPa/52 ℃/10 min) was analyzed during refrigerated (5 ℃) and accelerated (37 ℃) storage and compared with the conventional thermal treatment 'TT' (0.1 MPa/95 ℃/15 min). After processing, HPP resulted in relatively lower total color difference (3.5), retained higher ascorbic acid (95%), total phenolics (106%), total flavonoids content (118%) in mango pulp compared to TT, with values of 5.0, 62, 83, 73%, respectively. However, HPP led to ∼50% enzymes inactivation (pectin methylesterase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase) in comparison to >90% obtained during TT. Both HPP and TT resulted in > 5 log10 units reduction of the studied microorganisms to give a safe product. In contrast to the refrigerated storage, quality changes under accelerated conditions were found to be considerably rapid and dependent on packaging material irrespective of the method of processing. Shelf-life under refrigeration was limited by microbial growth and sensory quality; whereas, browning restricted the shelf-life during accelerated storage. HPP in aluminum-based retort pouch was adjudged superior processing -packaging combination for maximizing the shelf-life of mango pulp to 120 and 58 days during refrigerated and accelerated storage, respectively. In comparison, TT led to higher quality changes upon processing than HPP and resulted in shelf-life of 110 and 58 days under the same packaging and storage conditions, respectively.
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Modeling the Combined Effect of Pressure and Mild Heat on the Inactivation Kinetics of Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Staphylococcus aureus in Black Tiger Shrimp ( Penaeus monodon). Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1311. [PMID: 28790979 PMCID: PMC5522853 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-pressure inactivation of Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Staphylococcus aureus was studied in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). The processing parameters examined included pressure (300 to 600 MPa) and temperature (30 to 50°C). In addition, the pressure-hold period (0 to 15 min) was investigated, thus allowing both single-pulse pressure effects (i.e., zero holding time) and pressure-hold effects to be explored. E. coli was found to be the most sensitive strain to single-pulse pressure, followed by L. innocua and lastly S. aureus. Higher pressures and temperatures resulted in higher destruction rates, and the value of the shape parameter (β') accounted for the downward concavity (β' > 1) of the survival curves. A simplified Weibull model described the non-linearity of the survival curves for the changes in the pressure-hold period well, and it was comparable to the original Weibull model. The regression coefficients (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), accuracy factor (Af ), bias factor (Bf ), and residual plots suggested that using linear models to represent the data was not as appropriate as using non-linear models. However, linear models produced good fits for some pressure-temperature combinations. Analogous to their use in thermal death kinetics, activation volume (Va ) and activation energy (Ea ) can be used to describe the pressure and temperature dependencies of the scale parameter (δ, min), respectively. The Va and Ea values showed that high pressure and temperaturefavored the inactivation process, and S. aureus was the most baro-resistant pathogen.
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Effect of storage temperature and packaging on quality and shelf-life of high pressure processed black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effect of high pressure thermal processing on the quality attributes of Aloe vera-litchi mixed beverage. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effect of Thermal Radiation on MHD Flow with Variable Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Over a Stretching Sheet in Porous Media. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2017. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2017.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) change in various grades of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in comparison to age-matched healthy subjects. Methods: This prospective observational study included 227 eyes of 125 subjects with diabetes (study group: 58 females) and 197 eyes of 110 age-matched healthy subjects (control group: 66 females). Collected data included age, gender, duration of diabetes, glycemic control, comprehensive ocular examination, fundus photography, and CT measurement on spectral domain ocular coherence tomography using enhanced depth imaging. Results: Mean age in the study group was 57.0 ± 9.37 years (43–73 years). The mean age was 41.48 ± 5.43 years in the control group. Subjects with diabetes with (252.8 ± 55.6 microns) and without (261.71 ± 51.8 microns) retinopathy had significantly thinner choroids when compared to the control group (281.7 ± 47.7 microns; P = 0.032). Seventy-four of 227 eyes did not have any evidence of DR, 89 eyes had features of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 33 eyes had treatment naïve proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Thirty-one PDR eyes had received previous laser photocoagulation. Subjects with diabetes without retinopathy had a greater subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) than subjects with diabetes with retinopathy (P < 0.001). Eyes with PDR (243.9 ± 56.2 microns) had thinner SFCT than those with NPDR (238.98 ± 111.23 microns). There was no difference in the SFCT between treated (laser photocoagulation done; 251.784 ± 103.72 microns) and treatment naïve PDR (258.405 ± 89.47 microns, P = 0.23). Conclusions: Control eyes had greater SFCT compared to subjects with diabetes, with and without retinopathy. The thinning progressed with increasing severity of DR. Choroidal thinning may contribute to DR pathogenesis.
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Abstract
Purpose: The purpose was to study choroidal thickness and its profile based on location in healthy Indian children using enhanced depth spectral-domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study 255 eyes of 136 children with no retinal or choroidal disease were consecutively scanned using enhanced depth SD-OCT. Eyes with any ocular disease or axial length (AXL) >25 mm or < 20 mm were excluded. A single observer measured choroidal thickness from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid/sclera junction at 500-microns intervals up to 2500 microns temporal and nasal to the fovea. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the correlation between choroidal thickness at various locations and age, AXL, gender and spherical equivalent (SEq). Results: Mean age of the subjects was 11.9 ± 3.4 years (range: 5–18 years). There were 62 Females and 74 males. The mean AXL was 23.55 ± 0.74 mm. Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 312.1 ± 45.40 μm. Choroid was found to be thickest subfoveally, then temporally. Age, AXL and SEq showed a significant correlation with choroidal thickness, whereas gender did not affect choroidal thickness. Conclusion: Our study provides a valid normative database of choroidal thickness in healthy Indian children. This database could be useful for further studies evaluating choroidal changes in various chorioretinal disorders. Age and AXL are critical factors, which negatively correlated with choroidal thickness.
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Process optimization for high-pressure processing of black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon) using response surface methodology. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016; 23:197-208. [PMID: 27758875 DOI: 10.1177/1082013216673460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of high-pressure processing on the quality of black tiger shrimp using response surface methodology. A central composite rotatable design was applied to evaluate the effects of three processing parameters, namely pressure (300-600 MPa), temperature (30-50 ℃), and time (0-15 min), on the inactivation rate of Staphylococcus aureus and physical properties (color and texture) of shrimp and to optimize the process conditions to achieve maximum bacterial inactivation with minimal changes in quality attributes. The results revealed that the processing conditions significantly affected the studied responses and the experimental data have been adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model with multiple regression coefficients (R2) of 0.92, 0.92, and 0.94 for the inactivation rate of S. aureus, hardness, and color changes, respectively. The optimized conditions targeting minimum six log cycle reductions of S. aureus with moderate changes in quality attributes were obtained as: pressure, 361 MPa; time, 12 min and temperature, 46 ℃. The adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was verified effectively by the validation data.
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Viscoelastic behavior of reconstituted Aloe vera hydrogels as a function of concentration and temperature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1168436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Correlates of Defaulting from MDT among Leprosy Patients. INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEPROSY 2016; 87:241-248. [PMID: 29762953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to analyse the factors of demographic as well as disease related variables and their correlation with Rate of Defaulting (ROD) from Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) among leprosy patients, secondary data have been collected from 3,579 new cases registered for MDT, during a period of 4 years from 2007 to 2010 in four leprosy hospitals/ treatment centers across the four high endemic states viz. Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh; Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. Year wise percentage of patients defaulted was calculated on aggregate as well as with reference to each centre and cross tabulated with demographic and disease related factors. Findings show that out of the total 3,579 new cases, 1944,(54.3%) defaulted with variation across centers ranged from 44 to 66 percent. Comparison of ROD against type of leprosy indicated that MB types defaulted (55.7%) more than PB (50.6%) types, (statistically significant difference, (p=0,04). ROD of male patients across the centers ranged from 45% to 67.7% in comparison with 42.4% to 61.5% of female patients. A-statistically significant difference (p=6.04) was found between the overall ROD of males (56.35%) and females (51.47%). The ROD among those with more severe disabilities (WHO Gr-2) ranged between 44% to 67.5% across the centers, while the same among those'with less severe disabilities (Gr-0&1) ranged from 42.6 to 72.7 percent. Comparison of ROD against severity of disability was found statistically significant only across 2 centers. No statistically significant variation was found when ROD of adult patients with refeince to each centr ranged between (43.6% to 65.4%) was compared with the same of children ranged beeIen (36.2% to 69.3%). Across each of these categories and centers,'the ROD remained consistent over the ,4 years. Based on the above findings'this may be concluded that male sex and MB types are significant correlates of default from treatment. Severity of disabilities plays significant role only in certain areas, probably due to other interfering factors, which needs to be further investiged.
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Process optimization for thermal-assisted high pressure processing of mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp using response surface methodology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Effect of hydrostatic pressure and holding time on physicochemical quality and microbial inactivation kinetics of black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effect of high pressure and thermal processing on quality changes of aloe vera-litchi mixed beverage (ALMB) during storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:359-69. [PMID: 26787955 PMCID: PMC4711477 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high pressure processing (HPP) (600 MPa/15 min/56 °C) and thermal processing (TP) (95 °C/5 min) on the quality characteristics of aloe vera-litchi mixed beverage samples (ALMB) stored at 4, 15 and 25 °C were studied. The total color difference and browning index of ALMB samples increased with the storage period for both HPP and TP treated samples under all storage conditions. HPP of ALMB resulted in inactivation of pectinmethylesterase (PME), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) to 34, 65 and 62 %, respectively after immediate processing, whereas, TP treatment lead to 83, 79 and 78 %, respectively. The residual activity of all the studied enzymes decreased with storage period. The ascorbic acid loss of up to 22 % was observed after HPP treatment and up to 31 % for thermally treated samples. Minimal changes were noted for phenolics content after HPP as well as thermal processing. The natural microbiota present in samples was below the detection limit (1 log CFU/mL) throughout the storage period. The shelf life of HPP and TP treated samples stored at 4 °C was estimated to be 100 and 80 days, respectively, based on the sensory quality, ascorbic acid degradation and instrumental color difference.
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Authors' reply. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016; 64:101. [PMID: 26953040 PMCID: PMC4821114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Impact of pH and Total Soluble Solids on Enzyme Inactivation Kinetics during High Pressure Processing of Mango (Mangifera indica) Pulp. J Food Sci 2015; 80:E2459-70. [PMID: 26444301 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study was undertaken with an aim to enhance the enzyme inactivation during high pressure processing (HPP) with pH and total soluble solids (TSS) as additional hurdles. Impact of mango pulp pH (3.5, 4.0, 4.5) and TSS (15, 20, 25 °Brix) variations on the inactivation of pectin methylesterase (PME), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) enzymes were studied during HPP at 400 to 600 MPa pressure (P), 40 to 70 °C temperature (T), and 6- to 20-min pressure-hold time (t). The enzyme inactivation (%) was modeled using second order polynomial equations with a good fit that revealed that all the enzymes were significantly affected by HPP. Response surface and contour models predicted the kinetic behavior of mango pulp enzymes adequately as indicated by the small error between predicted and experimental data. The predicted kinetics indicated that for a fixed P and T, higher pulse pressure effect and increased isobaric inactivation rates were possible at lower levels of pH and TSS. In contrast, at a fixed pH or TSS level, an increase in P or T led to enhanced inactivation rates, irrespective of the type of enzyme. PPO and POD were found to have similar barosensitivity, whereas PME was found to be most resistant to HPP. Furthermore, simultaneous variation in pH and TSS levels of mango pulp resulted in higher enzyme inactivation at lower pH and TSS during HPP, where the effect of pH was found to be predominant than TSS within the experimental domain. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Exploration of additional hurdles such as pH, TSS, and temperature for enzyme inactivation during high pressure processing of fruits is useful from industrial point of view, as these parameters play key role in preservation process design.
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Choroidal thickness profile in Retinitis Pigmentosa - Correlation with outer retinal structures. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2015; 30:9-13. [PMID: 26949351 PMCID: PMC4759516 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the choroidal thickness (CT) of subjects with Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) with age-matched healthy subjects and to correlate the visual acuity with retinal parameters including central macular thickness (CMT), inner segment/outer segment junction (IS/OS junction) integrity, external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity and choroidal thickness in subjects with RP. Methods Eighty-eight eyes (69 patients) with typical RP and 188 eyes of 104 healthy subjects were enrolled between September 2012 and January 2013. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ocular examination including choroidal imaging using enhanced depth imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Outcome measures were CT difference between RP and age-matched healthy subjects; and correlation of various factors such CMT, IS/OS junction integrity, ELM integrity, and CT with visual acuity. Results Among RP subjects, mean age was 31.39 ± 13.4 years with a mean BCVA of 0.99 ± 0.94 logMAR. Mean spherical equivalent was −0.6 ± 1.6D. Mean CMT was 148.48 ± 119 μm. Mean subfoveal CT was 296.9 ± 72 μm. Mean IS/OS and ELM integrity was 42.2 ± 46.6% and 43.75 ± 45.7%, respectively. The mean age was 40.0 ± 13.5 years with a mean spherical equivalent of 0.18 ± 0.6D for the normal age-matched healthy group. Mean subfoveal CT was 283.1 ± 47.8 μm. CT at various locations in patients of various ages in the RP group did not show any statistical significant difference (P = ≫0.05) in comparison with age-matched healthy subjects. On multivariate regression, ELM percentage integrity had the strongest association with best corrected visual acuity, followed by IS/OS junction percentage integrity. Subfoveal choroidal thickness had very weak correlation with visual acuity as well other retinal parameters. There was a significant difference in the outer retinal structure integrity (p = 0.002) and CMT (p = 0.02) between the eyes with good (⩾20/200) and poor vision (<20/200), but not in subfoveal choroidal thickness (p = 0.3). Conclusions Our study results did not show any significant difference in choroidal thickness between subjects with RP and age-matched healthy subjects. Choroidal thickness correlated better with the age but not with the vision or outer retinal structures in eyes with RP. Outer retinal structure integrity and CMT had a better correlation with visual acuity.
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Exploring stable thermoluminescence signal in natural Barite (BaSO4) for retrospective dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 105:198-203. [PMID: 26325582 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We explore the possible use of Barite (BaSO4) for radiation dosimetry and geochronology using thermoluminescence technique. Natural Barite with Mn as an impurity has a glow peak at 608K with a minimum detectable dose of 1.45±0.12mGy. This peak shows ~35% fading on 30 days of storage time and is photo-bleachable with excellent reproducibility on repeated read-out. The sensitivity changes with dose and evidence of athermal fading is also seen. We infer that the signal can be used for both retrospective dosimetry and geochronology of young deposits extending to 20ka.
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Abstract
<p>The present study is concerned with laser beam welding of 15CDV6 steel, that is in the hardened (quenched and tempered) condition before welding. Autogenously butt-welded joints are made using carbon dioxide laser with a maximum output of 3.5 kw in the continuous wave mode. Weld microstructure, microhardness measurement across the weldment, transverse tensile properties, and room temperature impact properties of the weldment have been evaluated. The fusion zone exhibits a epitaxial grain growth. The microstrutural features of heat-affected zone and fusion zone vary, due to different thermal cycles for which these were subjected during welding. The average weld metal hardness was 480 Hv. The observed hardness distribution across the welds were correlated with the microstructures. The welds exhibited lower toughness of 50 joules as compared to parent metal of 55 joules and the tensile strength values of the welded specimens are close to that obtained for sheet specimens.</p><p><strong>Defence Science Journal, Vol. 65, No. 4, July 2015, pp. 339-342, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.8749</strong></p>
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Effect of High Pressure Processing on Rheological Properties, Pectinmethylesterase Activity and Microbiological Characteristics of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensisMiller) Juice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.923907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy/Mass Spectroscopy Method for Quantitative Analysis of Naproxen in Human Plasma after Liquid-Liquid Extraction. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i9.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Characterization of vacuum dried onion slices. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-014-9201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effect of pH on Enzyme Inactivation Kinetics in High-Pressure Processed Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) Puree Using Response Surface Methodology. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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High-Pressure Inactivation of Enzymes: A Review on Its Recent Applications on Fruit Purees and Juices. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:578-596. [PMID: 33412700 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last 2 decades high-pressure processing (HPP) has established itself as one of the most suitable nonthermal technologies applied to fruit products for the extension of shelf-life. Several oxidative and pectic enzymes are responsible for deterioration in color, flavor, and texture in fruit purees and juices (FP&J). The effect of HPP on the activities of polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, β-glucosidase, pectinmethylesterase, polygalacturonase, lipoxygenase, amylase, and hydroperoxide lyase specific to FP&J have been studied by several researchers. In most of the cases, partial inactivation of the target enzymes was possible under the experimental domain, although their pressure sensitivity largely depended on the origin and their microenvironmental condition. The variable sensitivity of different enzymes also reflects on their kinetics. Several empirical models have been established to describe the kinetics of an enzyme specific to a FP&J. The scientific literature in the last decade illustrating the effects of HPP on enzymes in FP&J, enzymatic action on those products, mechanism of enzyme inactivation during high pressure, their inactivation kinetics, and several intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the efficacy of HPP is critically reviewed in this article. In addition, process optimization of HPP targeting specific enzymes is of great interest from an industrial approach. This review will give a fair idea about the target enzymes specific to FP&J and the optimum conditions needed to achieve sufficient inactivation during HPP treatment.
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Rheological Properties of Aloe Vera (A
loe barbadensis
Miller) Juice Concentrates. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shelf-life and colour change kinetics of Aloe vera gel powder under accelerated storage in three different packaging materials. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 50:747-54. [PMID: 24425977 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aloe vera gel powder was produced through dehumidified air drying of Aloe vere gel at optimized conditions of temperature, relative humidity and air velocity of 64 °C, 18% and 0.8 m.s(-1), respectively. The powder was packed in three different packaging materials viz., laminated aluminum foil (AF), biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) and polypropylene (PP). The shelf-life of the powder was predicted on the basis of free flowness of product under accelerated storage condition (38 ± 1 °C, 90 ± 1% relative humidity) and was calculated to be 33.87, 42.58 and 51.05 days in BOPP, PP and AF, respectively. The storage stability of powder in terms of colour change was studied. The magnitude of colour change of Aloe vera gel powder during storage suggests that AF was better than BOPP and PP. The colour change of powder during storage followed first order reaction kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0444 per day for AF, 0.075 per day for BOPP and 0.0498 per day for PP.
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Abstract
Purpose: The aim was to study choroidal thickness (CT) and its profile based on location in healthy Indian subjects using Cirrus high definition (HD) optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: A total of 211 eyes of 115 healthy subjects with no retinal or choroidal disease were consecutively scanned using Cirrus HD 1 line raster scan mode without pupillary dilation. Eyes with any ocular disease or axial length (AXL) >24 mm or <20 mm were excluded. Experienced technician measured CT from the lower border of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to the lower border of choroid. CT was measured from the posterior edge of the RPE to the choroid/sclera junction at 500-μm intervals up to 3000 μm temporal and nasal to the fovea. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the correlation between CT at various locations and age, AXL, spherical equivalent, and macular thickness. Results: Mean age was 42.8 ± 13.6 years. Mean AXL was 22.84 ± 0.78 mm. Median spherical equivalent was 0.16 ± 0.64 D. Mean central macular thickness was 216.4 ± 30.03 μm. Choroidal was thinnest nasally and thickest subfoveally. On multivariate regression, age was the most significant factor affecting subfoveal CT (P = 0.000). Regression analysis showed an approximate decrease in CT of 1.18 μm every year. Conclusions: Our study provides CT profile in Indian healthy subjects in various age groups. CT depends on its location, subfoveal being the thickest and nasal being the thinnest. Age is a critical factor, which is negatively correlated with CT.
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Chilled Storage of High Pressure Processed Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon). JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2013.772271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Application of high pressure processing for shelf life extension of litchi fruits (Litchi chinensis cv. Bombai) during refrigerated storage. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2013; 20:527-41. [PMID: 23908391 DOI: 10.1177/1082013213496093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to report the effect of high pressure processing (100, 200 and 300 MPa for 5, 10 and 15 min at 27 ± 2 ℃) on quality and shelf life extension of 'Bombai' variety peeled litchi fruits during refrigerated storage (5 ℃). High pressure processing significantly increased total colour difference, browning index, drip loss and total soluble solids, whereas pH decreased after processing. Also, ascorbic acid content significantly decreased after high pressure processing and retention of 83.5% was observed. Texture profile analysis showed that pressurization significantly affected firmness and increased cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness and chewiness of litchi fruits. Pressure-induced firming effect was observed at 100 and 200 MPa pressure. A maximum of 3.29, 3.24 and 3.77 log10 cycles reduction in aerobic mesophiles, yeast & mold and psychrotrophs count, respectively, was achieved after pressurization of 300 MPa for 10 and 15 min treatments. During storage, samples treated at 300 MPa for 10 and 15 min showed relatively minimal changes in physico-chemical attributes, textural parameters and maintained lower viable microbial counts. Treatments at 300 MPa for 10 min and 15 min were found to enhance the shelf life of litchi fruits up to 32 days as compared to 12 days of untreated during refrigerated storage (5 ℃).
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Application of High Hydrostatic Pressure as a Pretreatment for Osmotic Dehydration of Banana Slices (Musa cavendishii) Finish-Dried by Dehumidified Air Drying. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Amenorrhea with myxedema: A hidden clue. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:356-357. [PMID: 23776924 PMCID: PMC3683226 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Spectroscopic and dielectric investigations of tungsten ions doped zinc bismuth phosphate glass-ceramics. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Excised radicle tips as a source of genomic DNA for PCR-based genotyping and melting curve analysis in cotton. J Biosci 2013; 38:167-72. [PMID: 23385824 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic DNA isolation in cotton is complicated because of the presence of secondary metabolites that are inhibitory to PCR amplification. We report here that radicle tips, but not other parts of cotton seedlings, yield high-quality DNA that is readily amenable for PCR. The radicle-tip-excised seedlings retain viability because of the formation of adventitious roots. We demonstrate the utility of this method in distinguishing homozygotes from heterozygotes in a cotton breeding population and in hybrid seed purity testing.
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Spectroscopic investigations of Fe3+ doped poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) capped ZnSe nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 98:100-104. [PMID: 22983205 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fe(3+) doped poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) capped ZnSe nanoparticles have been synthesized by using chemical method at room temperature. The prepared sample is characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical, photoluminescence (PL), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and FT-IR techniques. Different physical parameters are evaluated by using measured values of refractive index and density. From the X-ray diffraction pattern, the average crystallite size is calculated by using Scherrer's formula and it is about 9 nm. Optical absorption spectrum reveals that the Fe(3+) ion enter into the lattice as octahedral symmetry. Crystal field (Dq) and inter-electronic repulsion parameters (B, C) are evaluated for Fe(3+) doped ZnSe nanoparticles as Dq=720, B=720 and C=2500 cm(-1). Photoluminescence spectrum of Fe(3+) doped ZnSe exhibits emission bands in UV and yellow regions. EPR spectrum showed various resonance signals at g=7.3, 3.5 and 2.0. FT-IR spectrum of Fe(3+) doped PVA capped ZnSe indicates the presence of O-H, C-H, C=C and C=O molecular groups.
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Utilization of kidneys with similar kidney donor risk index values from standard versus expanded criteria donors. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2106-14. [PMID: 22702349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With the shortage of standard criteria donor (SCD) kidneys, efficient expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidney utilization has become more vital. We investigated the effects of the ECD label on kidney recovery, utilization and outcomes. Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients from November 2002 to May 2010, we determined recovery and transplant rates, and modeled discard risk, for kidneys within a range of kidney donor risk index (KDRI) 1.4-2.1 that included both SCD and ECD kidneys. To further compare similar quality kidneys, these kidneys were again divided into three KDRI intervals. Overall, ECD kidneys had higher recovery rates, but lower transplant rates. However, within each KDRI interval, SCD and ECD kidneys were transplanted at similar rates. Overall, there was increased risk for discard for biopsied kidneys. SCD kidneys in the lower two KDRI intervals had the highest risk of discard if biopsied. Pumped kidneys had a lower risk of discard, which was modulated by KDRI for SCD kidneys but not ECD kidneys. Although overall ECD graft survival was worse than SCD, there were no differences within individual KDRI intervals. Thus, ECD designation adversely affects neither utilization nor outcomes beyond that predicted by KDRI.
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