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Tubio JMC, Li Y, Ju YS, Martincorena I, Cooke SL, Tojo M, Gundem G, Pipinikas CP, Zamora J, Raine K, Menzies A, Roman-Garcia P, Fullam A, Gerstung M, Shlien A, Tarpey PS, Papaemmanuil E, Knappskog S, Van Loo P, Ramakrishna M, Davies HR, Marshall J, Wedge DC, Teague JW, Butler AP, Nik-Zainal S, Alexandrov L, Behjati S, Yates LR, Bolli N, Mudie L, Hardy C, Martin S, McLaren S, O'Meara S, Anderson E, Maddison M, Gamble S, Foster C, Warren AY, Whitaker H, Brewer D, Eeles R, Cooper C, Neal D, Lynch AG, Visakorpi T, Isaacs WB, Veer LV, Caldas C, Desmedt C, Sotiriou C, Aparicio S, Foekens JA, Eyfjörd JE, Lakhani SR, Thomas G, Myklebost O, Span PN, Børresen-Dale AL, Richardson AL, Van de Vijver M, Vincent-Salomon A, Van den Eynden GG, Flanagan AM, Futreal PA, Janes SM, Bova GS, Stratton MR, McDermott U, Campbell PJ. Mobile DNA in cancer. Extensive transduction of nonrepetitive DNA mediated by L1 retrotransposition in cancer genomes. Science 2014; 345:1251343. [PMID: 25082706 PMCID: PMC4380235 DOI: 10.1126/science.1251343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (L1) retrotransposons are mobile repetitive elements that are abundant in the human genome. L1 elements propagate through RNA intermediates. In the germ line, neighboring, nonrepetitive sequences are occasionally mobilized by the L1 machinery, a process called 3' transduction. Because 3' transductions are potentially mutagenic, we explored the extent to which they occur somatically during tumorigenesis. Studying cancer genomes from 244 patients, we found that tumors from 53% of the patients had somatic retrotranspositions, of which 24% were 3' transductions. Fingerprinting of donor L1s revealed that a handful of source L1 elements in a tumor can spawn from tens to hundreds of 3' transductions, which can themselves seed further retrotranspositions. The activity of individual L1 elements fluctuated during tumor evolution and correlated with L1 promoter hypomethylation. The 3' transductions disseminated genes, exons, and regulatory elements to new locations, most often to heterochromatic regions of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yilong Li
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | | | - Marta Tojo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine–Center for Resesarch in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Jorge Zamora
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Keiran Raine
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Andrew Menzies
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Anthony Fullam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Moritz Gerstung
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Adam Shlien
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | | | - Stian Knappskog
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, VIB and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Helen R. Davies
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - John Marshall
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - David C. Wedge
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jon W. Teague
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Adam P. Butler
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Lucy R. Yates
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Niccolo Bolli
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Mudie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Claire Hardy
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Sancha Martin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Stuart McLaren
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Sarah O'Meara
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Mark Maddison
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Stephen Gamble
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Anne Y. Warren
- Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hayley Whitaker
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Brewer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Colin Cooper
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David Neal
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy G. Lynch
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology–BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam Aparicio
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John A. Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gilles Thomas
- Université Lyon 1, Institut National du Cancer (INCa)–Synergie, Lyon, France
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul N. Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marc Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l’Argone, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumor Biology, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cédex 05, France
| | - Gert G. Van den Eynden
- Translational Cancer Research Unit and Department of Pathology, GZA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrienne M. Flanagan
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - P. Andrew Futreal
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Rayne Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - G. Steven Bova
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology–BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Ultan McDermott
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Peter J. Campbell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - ICGC Prostate Cancer Group
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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