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Díaz-Navarrete P, Marileo L, Madrid H, Belezaca-Pinargote C, Dantagnan P. Lipid Production from Native Oleaginous Yeasts Isolated from Southern Chilean Soil Cultivated in Industrial Vinasse Residues. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2516. [PMID: 37894174 PMCID: PMC10609240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, six strains of oleaginous yeasts native to southern Chile were analyzed for their biotechnological potential in lipid accumulation. For this purpose, the six strains, named PP1, PP4, PR4, PR10, PR27 and PR29, were cultivated in a nitrogen-deficient synthetic mineral medium (SMM). Then, two strains were selected and cultivated in an industrial residual "vinasse", under different conditions of temperature (°C), pH and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Finally, under optimized conditions, the growth kinetics and determination of the lipid profile were evaluated. The results of growth in the SMM indicate that yeasts PP1 and PR27 presented biomass concentrations and lipid accumulation percentages of 2.73 and 4.3 g/L of biomass and 36.6% and 45.3% lipids, respectively. Subsequently, for both strains, when cultured in the residual vinasse under optimized environmental conditions, biomass concentrations of 14.8 ± 1.51 g/L (C/N 80) and 15.83 ± 0.57 g/L (C/N 50) and lipid accumulations of 28% and 30% were obtained for PP1 and PR27, respectively. The composition of the triglycerides (TGs), obtained in the culture of the yeasts in a 2 L reactor, presented 64.25% of saturated fatty acids for strain PR27 and 47.18% for strain PP1. The saturated fatty acid compositions in both strains are mainly constituted of fatty acids, myristic C 14:0, heptadecanoic C 17:0, palmitic C 16:0 and stearic C 18:0, and the monounsaturated fatty acids constituted of oleic acid C 18:1 (cis 9) (28-46%), and in smaller amounts, palmitoleic acid and heptadecenoic acid. This work demonstrates that the native yeast strains PP1 and PR27 are promising strains for the production of microbial oils similar to conventional vegetable oils. The potential applications in the energy or food industries, such as aquaculture, are conceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Díaz-Navarrete
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Luis Marileo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Hugo Madrid
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Iquique 1101783, Chile;
| | - Carlos Belezaca-Pinargote
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quevedo 120501, Ecuador;
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Marileo L, Acuña J, Rilling J, Díaz P, Langellotti AL, Russo GL, Barra PJ, Dantagnan P, Viscardi S. Protist–Lactic Acid Bacteria Co-Culture as a Strategy to Bioaccumulate Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Protist Aurantiochytrium sp. T66. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030142. [PMID: 36976191 PMCID: PMC10051163 DOI: 10.3390/md21030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are aquatic unicellular protists organisms that represent an important reservoir of a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are involved in the regulation of the immune system. In this study, we explore the use of co-cultures of Aurantiochytrium sp. and bacteria as a biotechnological tool capable of stimulating PUFA bioaccumulation. In particular, the co-culture of lactic acid bacteria and the protist Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 induce PUFA bioaccumulation, and the lipid profile was evaluated in cultures at different inoculation times, with two different strains of lactic acid bacteria capable of producing the tryptophan dependent auxins, and one strain of Azospirillum sp., as a reference for auxin production. Our results showed that the Lentilactobacillus kefiri K6.10 strain inoculated at 72 h gives the best PUFA content (30.89 mg g−1 biomass) measured at 144 h of culture, three times higher than the control (8.87 mg g−1 biomass). Co-culture can lead to the generation of complex biomasses with higher added value for developing aquafeed supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Marileo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Biotechnology of Functional Foods Laboratory, Camino Sanquilco, Parcela 18, Padre Las Casas 4850827, Chile
| | - Jacqueline Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Joaquin Rilling
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Paola Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencia Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780694, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4780694, Chile
| | - Antonio Luca Langellotti
- Center for Innovation and Developmentin Food Industry CAISIAL, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 133 Portici, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Russo
- Center for Innovation and Developmentin Food Industry CAISIAL, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 133 Portici, Italy
| | - Patricio Javier Barra
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Departamento de Ciencia Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780694, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4780694, Chile
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (S.V.)
| | - Sharon Viscardi
- Biotechnology of Functional Foods Laboratory, Camino Sanquilco, Parcela 18, Padre Las Casas 4850827, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4780694, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnóstico y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 56, Campus San Francisco, Temuco 4791086, Chile
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (S.V.)
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Vasquez-Sandoval C, Navarrete J, Herrera-Herrera P, Dantagnan P, Diaz-Navarrete P, Arancibia-Avila P, Oviedo C. Screening and Identification of Coastal Chilean Thraustochytrids for Arachidonic Acid Production: Biotechnological Potential of Ulkenia visurgensis Lng2-Strain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030559. [PMID: 36985133 PMCID: PMC10056136 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are unicellular heterotrophic marine protists that have been described as producing a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Among them, arachidonic acid (ARA) stands out as a precursor of several mediators of pivotal importance for the immune system. However, the biotechnological potential of thraustochytrids for ARA production has not been developed. The objective of this study is to isolate and identify native strains from different Chilean coastal environments and evaluate in vitro the effect of culture parameters such as C/N ratio (19 and 33) and temperature (15 °C and 23 °C) on biomass production and arachidonic acid content. A total of nine strains were identified and classified into four genera of the Thraustochitridae family. The Lng2 strain with 99% identity belongs to the species Ulkenia visurgenis and was the most prominent one for ARA production. Temperature had an effect on the PUFA profile but not on the ARA content nor on the biomass yield. Additionally, the C/N ratio has been identified as a key parameter. The ARA productivity increased by 92% (from 0.6 to 8.3 ARA mg/g-DW) and its total biomass by 62.7% (from 1.9 to 5.1 g/L) at a high C/N ratio (33) as compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Vasquez-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Bioprocesos y Biotratamientos, Departamento de Ingeniería en Maderas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
| | - José Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Bioprocesos y Biotratamientos, Departamento de Ingeniería en Maderas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
| | - Paula Herrera-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Bioprocesos y Biotratamientos, Departamento de Ingeniería en Maderas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Departamento de Ciencia Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria y Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4810302, Chile
| | - Paola Diaz-Navarrete
- Departamento de Ciencia Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria y Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4810302, Chile
| | - Patricia Arancibia-Avila
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología y Microalgas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile
| | - Claudia Oviedo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Soto-Sánchez O, Hidalgo P, González A, Oliveira PE, Hernández Arias AJ, Dantagnan P. Microalgae as Raw Materials for Aquafeeds: Growth Kinetics and Improvement Strategies of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Production. Aquac Nutr 2023; 2023:5110281. [PMID: 36860971 PMCID: PMC9973195 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that ancient cultures used microalgae as food for centuries. Currently, scientific reports highlight the value of nutritional composition of microalgae and their ability to accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids at certain operational conditions. These characteristics are gaining increasing interest for the aquaculture industry which is searching for cost-effective replacements for fish meal and oil because these commodities are one of the most significant operational expenses and their dependency has become a bottleneck for their sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. This review is aimed at highlighting the use of microalgae as polyunsaturated fatty acid source in aquaculture feed formulations, despite their scarce production at industrial scale. Moreover, this document includes several approaches to improve microalgae production and to increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids with emphasis in the accumulation of DHA, EPA, and ARA. Furthermore, the document compiles several studies which prove microalgae-based aquafeeds for marine and freshwater species. Finally, the study explores the aspects that intervene in production kinetics and improvement strategies with possibilities for upscaling and facing main challenges of using microalgae in the commercial production of aquafeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Soto-Sánchez
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Aixa González
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia E. Oliveira
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adrián J. Hernández Arias
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Quiñones J, Díaz R, Beltrán JF, Velazquez L, Cancino D, Muñoz E, Dantagnan P, Hernández A, Sepúlveda N, Farías JG. Analysis of Muscle Lipidome in Juvenile Rainbow Trout Fed Rapeseed Oil and Cochayuyo Meal. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060805. [PMID: 35740930 PMCID: PMC9221170 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects on the lipidome of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss muscle fed 90% Brassica napus “rapeseed” oil and different amounts of Durvillaea antarctica “Cochayuyo” meal (1.5, 3 and 6%) as a replacement for cellulose. The analysis allowed for the identification of 329 lipids, mainly represented by phospholipids and fatty esters. The inclusion of Brassica napus oil significantly increased the levels of C18:2 species and fatty esters of hydroxylated fatty acids, which could play a bioactive role in human health. One of the most abundant lipids in all fillets was Phosphatidylcholine 33:6, which, according to the literature, could be considered a biomarker for the identification of Oncorhynchus mykiss. In all experimental diets, the species Phosphatidylethanolamine 15:1-18:24 showed four-fold higher levels than the control; increments of n-3- and n-6-rich phospholipids were also observed. Diets containing Durvillaea antarctica meal did not generate more significant variation in fish muscle phospholipids relative to the muscle of the rapeseed-oil-only group. These lipid species consist of medium- and long-chain fatty acids with different degrees of unsaturation. Still, it appears that the rapeseed oil masks the lipid contribution of the meal, possibly due to the low levels of total lipids in the macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quiñones
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Rommy Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Lidiana Velazquez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - David Cancino
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Erwin Muñoz
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación de Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Adrián Hernández
- Núcleo de Investigación de Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Néstor Sepúlveda
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Amthauer R, Cárdenas F, Reyes A, Valenzuela A, Dantagnan P, Vidal R, Vargas-Chacoff L. Vitellogenesis in the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) conditioned to a recirculating aquaculture system. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 307:113768. [PMID: 33794273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a new promising fish species for diversifying the aquaculture industry in Chile because of its high economic value and high international demand. However, when attempting to start aquaculture of a new species, one of the major challenges is successfully achieving conditions to reproduce them. This is particularly difficult when the information on the biology and physiology of the reproduction process of the species in question is scarce, as is the case with D. eleginoides. Additionally, female reproductive dysfunction is more prevalent under culture conditions and it is very important to have tools to evaluate the progress of oocyte maturation. Therefore, evaluation of the vitellogenesis process in addition to measuring gonadosomatic index (GSI) and oocyte diameter is an important parameter for allowing the monitoring of females from a broodstock that will spawn in the reproductive season. This study aimed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for the Patagonian toothfish (D. eleginoides) vitellogenine (Vtg) and quantify the plasma level in the fishes, maintained in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS), throughout their reproductive cycle. A polyclonal antibody was prepared using the isolated major egg protein as antigen. This antibody was specific to the major plasma phosphoprotein identified as Vtg and was used to develop and standardize an indirect ELISA assay. The assay standard curve was linear from 0.1 to 1 µg/ml purified egg yolk protein and the average r2 was 0.995. We corroborated our ELISA assay by demonstrating a strong correlation between high levels of plasma Vtg obtained by the assay and the intensity of the corresponding bands in both SDS-PAGE coomassie stained gels and Western Blot. During the two reproductive seasons analyzed, the highest Vtg plasma level was obtained in the majority of the females in the last three months before spawning (December-January). This differs from the wild population in which the spawning occurs during the austral winter (June-September). Therefore, the RAS condition established to maintain in captivity the D. eleginoides allows females to develop mature oocytes normally, as was evidenced by picks of Vtg plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Amthauer
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | | | - Ariel Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Piscicultura y Patología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Departamento de Ciencia Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria y Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vidal
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics, and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL) Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; Integrative Biology Group, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Valenzuela L, Pacheco S, Rincón G, Pavez L, Lam N, Hernández AJ, Dantagnan P, González F, Jilberto F, Ravanal MC, Ramos C, Garcia H, Araneda C, Ulloa PE. Intestinal Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Enrichment of Genes Associated with Immune and Lipid Mechanisms, Favoring Soybean Meal Tolerance in High-Growth Zebrafish ( Danio Rerio). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050700. [PMID: 34066767 PMCID: PMC8151431 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying fish tolerance to soybean meal (SBM) remain unclear. Identifying these mechanisms would be beneficial, as this trait favors growth. Two fish replicates from 19 experimental families were fed fishmeal-(100FM) or SBM-based diets supplemented with saponin (50SBM + 2SPN) from juvenile to adult stages. Individuals were selected from families with a genotype-by-environment interaction higher (HG-50SBM + 2SPN, 170 ± 18 mg) or lower (LG-50SBM + 2SPN, 76 ± 10 mg) weight gain on 50SBM + 2SPN for intestinal transcriptomic analysis. A histological evaluation confirmed middle intestinal inflammation in the LG- vs. HG-50SBM + 2SPN group. Enrichment analysis of 665 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified pathways associated with immunity and lipid metabolism. Genes linked to intestinal immunity were downregulated in HG fish (mpx, cxcr3.2, cftr, irg1l, itln2, sgk1, nup61l, il22), likely dampening inflammatory responses. Conversely, genes involved in retinol signaling were upregulated (rbp4, stra6, nr2f5), potentially favoring growth by suppressing insulin responses. Genes associated with lipid metabolism were upregulated, including key components of the SREBP (mbtps1, elov5l, elov6l) and cholesterol catabolism (cyp46a1), as well as the downregulation of cyp7a1. These results strongly suggest that transcriptomic changes in lipid metabolism mediate SBM tolerance. Genotypic variations in DEGs may become biomarkers for improving early selection of fish tolerant to SMB or others plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Valenzuela
- Omics Lab, Villavicencio 378, Oficina 32, Santiago 8320164, Chile;
| | - Sebastian Pacheco
- Programa de Doctorado en Inmunología y Microbiología, Universidad San Sebastian, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile;
| | - Gonzalo Rincón
- Zoetis, VMRD Genetics R&D, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA;
| | - Leonardo Pavez
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Avenida Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (L.P.); (F.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Natalia Lam
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (N.L.); (F.J.); (C.A.)
| | - Adrián J. Hernández
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiología de Peces, Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.J.H.); (P.D.)
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiología de Peces, Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.J.H.); (P.D.)
| | - Felipe González
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Avenida Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (L.P.); (F.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Felipe Jilberto
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (N.L.); (F.J.); (C.A.)
| | - M. Cristina Ravanal
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICYTAL), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Avda. Julio Sarrazín s/n, Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Cecilia Ramos
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Avenida Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (L.P.); (F.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Héctor Garcia
- Laboratorios Diagnofruit Ltd.a., Depto. Fitopatología Molecular, Santiago 7770273, Chile;
| | - Cristian Araneda
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (N.L.); (F.J.); (C.A.)
| | - Pilar E. Ulloa
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Avenida Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (L.P.); (F.G.); (C.R.)
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (N.L.); (F.J.); (C.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-222-531-129
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Figueroa-Muñoz G, Ríos-Escalante PDL, Dantagnan P, Toledo C, Oyarzún R, Vargas-Chacoff L, Esse C, Vega-Aguayo R. Proximal composition and fatty acid profile of Hemigrapsus crenulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) as one of the main foods of "patagonian blenny"Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier, 1830). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:797-805. [PMID: 33605301 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.231834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Patagonian blenny (Eleginops maclovinus) is species endemic to South America with physiological characteristics that would facilitate its incorporation into Chilean aquaculture. However, there is currently no specific artificial food that can be used to raise E. maclovinus. In light of this problem, this study describes the proximal composition and fatty acid profile of the crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus, one of the main foods of E. maclovinus. The purpose of the study is to serve as basic information for the development of a specific artificial diet for juveniles of this fish species. The proximal analysis of the complete body of H. crenulatus indicates that it is mainly composed of ash (35.9%), proteins (32.2%), glucides (19.8%) and minor lipids (3.6%). The fatty acid profile is 40.7% PUFAs, 29.7% MUFAs and 29.5% SAFAs, and the most abundant acids are Eicosapentaenoic (18.8%), Oleic (6.8%) and Palmitic (16.6%), respectively. H. crenulatus has highest level of proteins, lipids and PUFAs among the species of the Brachyura infraorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Figueroa-Muñoz
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Temuco, Chile
| | - P De Los Ríos-Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales, Temuco, Chile
| | - P Dantagnan
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Temuco, Chile
| | - C Toledo
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Oyarzún
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes-IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Valdivia, Chile
| | - L Vargas-Chacoff
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes-IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Esse
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Arquitectura y Construcción, Instituto de Estudios del Hábitat - IEH, Unidad de Cambio Climático y Medio Ambiente - UCCMA, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Vega-Aguayo
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Temuco, Chile
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Oyarzún R, Martínez D, Soto-Dávila M, Muñoz JLP, Dantagnan P, Vargas-Chacoff L. Effect of ration level on growth performance, body composition, intermediary metabolism and serum parameters in juvenile Patagonian blennie Eleginops maclovinus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 230:122-130. [PMID: 30703559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eleginops maclovinus is an endemic species of the southern cone with beneficial physiological characteristics for aquaculture. However, this species has a low growth rate under captive conditions, and the optimal feed ration together with the metabolic process is unknown. This study aimed to determine the optimum feed ration during 90 days based on growth performance, body composition, intermediary metabolism, and serum parameters. For this, fish were randomly assigned to rations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% of body weight. No fish mortality was registered, but all fish, developed fatty liver. The results of weight, length, growth performance (WGR, SGR), and body parameters (HSI, VSI and K) followed a similar pattern, with the lowest values observed in the 0.5% and no significant differences between rations of 1, 2 and 4%. The feed intake and feces increased with the feed ration. However, the percentage of food consumed by the fish decreased with the ration size and the feed conversion ratio was lowest in the 1% ration. Total serum proteins and calcium were lowest in the 0.5% ration and presented no differences in the rations 1, 2 and 4%, while triglyceride content was significantly different only between the rations of 0.5 and 4%. Blood cortisol levels were significantly higher in the rations of 0.5 and 1%, and decreased in rations of 2 and 4%. The lipids, fiber, and energy of the total body mass increased with the feed ration, while dry matter, proteins, and ash of the body decreased to higher feed ration. In liver, triglyceride and protein levels decreased with a larger feed ration, amino acids increased in the rations of 0.5 and 4%, while glucose levels increased in rations of 2 and 4%. Liver enzymes Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and Glutamate dehydrogenase increased their activity at a higher feed ration, while Glycogen Phosphorylase, Aspartate aminotransferase and 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase presented their highest enzymatic activity only in the 4% ration. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate showed low enzymatic activity in rations of 2 and 4% and Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was significantly different only between the ration of 0.5 and 1%. Finally, our results suggests that optimal feed rations for E. maclovinus corresponds to 1% since this ration size produces the highest growth and metabolism with a minimum loss of food and feces present in the environment. Additionally, we recommend to reduce the percentage of fat in the diet to avoid the development of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - D Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M Soto-Dávila
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Master of Science in Aquaculture, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - J L P Muñoz
- Centro I~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencia Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
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Ulloa PE, Solís CJ, De la Paz JF, Alaurent TGS, Caruffo M, Hernández AJ, Dantagnan P, Feijóo CG. Lactoferrin Decreases the Intestinal Inflammation Triggered by a Soybean Meal-Based Diet in Zebrafish. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:1639720. [PMID: 27247950 PMCID: PMC4877474 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1639720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a harmful condition in fish that can be triggered by the ingestion of soybean meal. Due to the positive costs-benefits ratio of including soybean meal in farmed fish diets, identifying additives with intestinal anti-inflammatory effects could contribute to solving the issues caused by this plant protein. This study evaluated the effect of incorporating lactoferrin (LF) into a soybean meal-based diet on intestinal inflammation in zebrafish. Larvae were fed with diets containing 50% soybean meal (50SBM) or 50SBM supplemented with LF to 0.5, 1, 1.5 g/kg (50SBM+LF0.5; 50SBM+LF1.0; 50SBM+LF1.5). The 50SBM+LF1.5 diet was the most efficient and larvae had a reduced number of neutrophils in the intestine compared with 50SBM larvae and an indistinguishable number compared with control larvae. Likewise, the transcription of genes involved in neutrophil migration and intestinal mucosal barrier functions (mmp9, muc2.2, and β-def-1) were increased in 50SBM larvae but were normally expressed in 50SBM+LF1.5 larvae. To determine the influence of intestinal inflammation on the general immune response, larvae were challenged with Edwardsiella tarda. Larvae with intestinal inflammation had increased mortality rate compared to control larvae. Importantly, 50SBM+LF1.5 larvae had a mortality rate lower than control larvae. These results demonstrate that LF displays a dual effect in zebrafish, acting as an intestinal anti-inflammatory agent and improving performance against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar E. Ulloa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Republica 217, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila J. Solís
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Republica 217, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera F. De la Paz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Republica 217, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Trevor G. S. Alaurent
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Republica 217, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Republica 217, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián J. Hernández
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Escuela de Acuicultura, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Casilla 15D, 4780000 Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Escuela de Acuicultura, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Casilla 15D, 4780000 Temuco, Chile
| | - Carmen G. Feijóo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Republica 217, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, 4070007 Concepción, Chile
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Saez P, Borquez A, Dantagnan P, Hernández A. Effects of dehulling, steam-cooking and microwave-irradiation on digestive value of white lupin (Lupinus albus) seed meal for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Arch Anim Nutr 2015; 69:143-57. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2015.1009613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hernández A, Bórquez A, Alcaíno L, Morales J, Dantagnan P, Saez P. Effects of autoclaving on the apparent digestibility coefficient of dehulled pea seed meal (Pisum sativum L.) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4067/s0718-16202010000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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