1
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Kim IJ, Gonzalez O, Tighe MP, Lanthier PA, Clark MJ, Travis KL, Low-Beer TC, Lanzer KG, Bernacki DT, Szaba FM, De La Barrera RA, Dussupt V, Mendez-Rivera L, Krebs SJ, Ross CN, Mdaki SD, Brasky KM, Layne-Colon D, Tardif SD, Thomas SJ, Modjarrad K, Blackman MA, Patterson JL. Protective efficacy of a Zika purified inactivated virus vaccine candidate during pregnancy in marmosets. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:35. [PMID: 38368443 PMCID: PMC10874403 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy poses significant threats to maternal and fetal health, leading to intrauterine fetal demise and severe developmental malformations that constitute congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). As such, the development of a safe and effective ZIKV vaccine is a critical public health priority. However, the safety and efficacy of such a vaccine during pregnancy remain uncertain. Historically, the conduct of clinical trials in pregnant women has been challenging. Therefore, clinically relevant animal pregnancy models are in high demand for testing vaccine efficacy. We previously reported that a marmoset pregnancy model of ZIKV infection consistently demonstrated vertical transmission from mother to fetus during pregnancy. Using this marmoset model, we also showed that vertical transmission could be prevented by pre-pregnancy vaccination with Zika purified inactivated virus (ZPIV) vaccine. Here, we further examined the efficacy of ZPIV vaccination during pregnancy. Vaccination during pregnancy elicited virus neutralizing antibody responses that were comparable to those elicited by pre-pregnancy vaccination. Vaccination also reduced placental pathology, viral burden and vertical transmission of ZIKV during pregnancy, without causing adverse effects. These results provide key insights into the safety and efficacy of ZPIV vaccination during pregnancy and demonstrate positive effects of vaccination on the reduction of ZIKV infection, an important advance in preparedness for future ZIKV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Kim
- Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA.
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank M Szaba
- Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA
| | - Rafael A De La Barrera
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Stephanie D Mdaki
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
- Science and Technology, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam AFB, San Antonio, TX, 78236, USA
| | - Kathleen M Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Donna Layne-Colon
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Pfizer Inc. Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA
| | | | - Jean L Patterson
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
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2
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Kim IJ, Tighe MP, Lanthier PA, Clark MJ, De La Barrera RA, Dussupt V, Mendez-Rivera L, Krebs SJ, Travis KL, Low-Beer TC, Cookenham TS, Lanzer KG, Bernacki DT, Szaba FM, Schneck AA, Ward J, Thomas SJ, Modjarrad K, Blackman MA. Zika purified inactivated virus (ZPIV) vaccine reduced vertical transmission in pregnant immunocompetent mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:32. [PMID: 38360793 PMCID: PMC10869681 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a significant threat to pregnant women and their fetuses as it can cause severe birth defects and congenital neurodevelopmental disorders, referred to as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Thus, a safe and effective ZIKV vaccine for pregnant women to prevent in utero ZIKV infection is of utmost importance. Murine models of ZIKV infection are limited by the fact that immunocompetent mice are resistant to ZIKV infection. As such, interferon-deficient mice have been used in some preclinical studies to test the efficacy of ZIKV vaccine candidates against lethal virus challenge. However, interferon-deficient mouse models have limitations in assessing the immunogenicity of vaccines, necessitating the use of immunocompetent mouse pregnancy models. Using the human stat2 knock-in (hSTAT2KI) mouse pregnancy model, we show that vaccination with a purified formalin-inactivated Zika virus (ZPIV) vaccine prior to pregnancy successfully prevented vertical transmission. In addition, maternal immunity protected offspring against postnatal challenge for up to 28 days. Furthermore, passive transfer of human IgG purified from hyper-immune sera of ZPIV vaccinees prevented maternal and fetal ZIKV infection, providing strong evidence that the neutralizing antibody response may serve as a meaningful correlate of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Kim
- Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Rafael A De La Barrera
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank M Szaba
- Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA
| | | | - Jerrold Ward
- Global VetPathology, Montgomery Village, MD, 20886, USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Pfizer Inc. Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA
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3
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Kim IJ, Tighe MP, Clark MJ, Gromowski GD, Lanthier PA, Travis KL, Bernacki DT, Cookenham TS, Lanzer KG, Szaba FM, Tamhankar MA, Ross CN, Tardif SD, Layne-Colon D, Dick EJ, Gonzalez O, Giraldo Giraldo MI, Patterson JL, Blackman MA. Impact of prior dengue virus infection on Zika virus infection during pregnancy in marmosets. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq6517. [PMID: 37285402 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy causes severe developmental defects in newborns, termed congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Factors contributing to a surge in ZIKV-associated CZS are poorly understood. One possibility is that ZIKV may exploit the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection mechanism, mediated by cross-reactive antibodies from prior dengue virus (DENV) infection, which may exacerbate ZIKV infection during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the impact of prior DENV infection or no DENV infection on ZIKV pathogenesis during pregnancy in a total of four female common marmosets with five or six fetuses per group. The results showed that negative-sense viral RNA copies increased in the placental and fetal tissues of DENV-immune dams but not in DENV-naïve dams. In addition, viral proteins were prevalent in endothelial cells, macrophages, and neonatal Fc receptor-expressing cells in the placental trabeculae and in neuronal cells in the brains of fetuses from DENV-immune dams. DENV-immune marmosets maintained high titers of cross-reactive ZIKV-binding antibodies that were poorly neutralizing, raising the possibility that these antibodies might be involved in the exacerbation of ZIKV infection. These findings need to be verified in a larger study, and the mechanism involved in the exacerbation of ZIKV infection in DENV-immune marmosets needs further investigation. However, the results suggest a potential negative impact of preexisting DENV immunity on subsequent ZIKV infection during pregnancy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Kim
- Trudeau Institute Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manasi A Tamhankar
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Corrina N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Donna Layne-Colon
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Maria I Giraldo Giraldo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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4
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Kim IJ, Lanthier PA, Clark MJ, De La Barrera RA, Tighe MP, Szaba FM, Travis KL, Low-Beer TC, Cookenham TS, Lanzer KG, Bernacki DT, Johnson LL, Schneck AA, Ross CN, Tardif SD, Layne-Colon D, Mdaki SD, Dick EJ, Chuba C, Gonzalez O, Brasky KM, Dutton J, Rutherford JN, Coffey LL, Singapuri A, Martin CSS, Chiu CY, Thomas SJ, Modjarrad K, Patterson JL, Blackman MA. Author Correction: Efficacy of an inactivated Zika vaccine against virus infection during pregnancy in mice and marmosets. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:99. [PMID: 35987764 PMCID: PMC9392767 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Kim
- Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA.
| | - Paula A. Lanthier
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Madeline J. Clark
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Rafael A. De La Barrera
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Michael P. Tighe
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Frank M. Szaba
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Kelsey L. Travis
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Timothy C. Low-Beer
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Tres S. Cookenham
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Kathleen G. Lanzer
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Derek T. Bernacki
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Lawrence L. Johnson
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Amanda A. Schneck
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Corinna N. Ross
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Donna Layne-Colon
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Stephanie D. Mdaki
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Edward J. Dick
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Colin Chuba
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Kathleen M. Brasky
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - John Dutton
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Julienne N. Rutherford
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Human Development Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Lark L. Coffey
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Anil Singapuri
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Claudia Sanchez San Martin
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Present Address: Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Charles Y. Chiu
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Stephen J. Thomas
- grid.411023.50000 0000 9159 4457Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Jean L. Patterson
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Marcia A. Blackman
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
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5
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Shute T, Amiel E, Alam N, Yates JL, Mohrs K, Dudley E, Salas B, Mesa C, Serrata A, Angel D, Vincent BK, Weyers A, Lanthier PA, Vomhof-Dekrey E, Fromme R, Laughlin M, Durham O, Miao J, Shipp D, Linhardt RJ, Nash K, Leadbetter EA. Glycolipid-Containing Nanoparticle Vaccine Engages Invariant NKT Cells to Enhance Humoral Protection against Systemic Bacterial Infection but Abrogates T-Independent Vaccine Responses. J Immunol 2021; 206:1806-1816. [PMID: 33811104 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells enable the critical B cell humoral immune protection afforded by most effective vaccines. We and others have recently identified an alternative source of help for B cells in mice, invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. iNKT cells are innate glycolipid-specific T cells restricted to the nonpolymorphic Ag-presenting molecule CD1d. As such, iNKT cells respond to glycolipids equally well in all people, making them an appealing adjuvant for universal vaccines. We tested the potential for the iNKT glycolipid agonist, α-galactosylceramide (αGC), to serve as an adjuvant for a known human protective epitope by creating a nanoparticle that delivers αGC plus antigenic polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae αGC-embedded nanoparticles activate murine iNKT cells and B cells in vitro and in vivo, facilitate significant dose sparing, and avoid iNKT anergy. Nanoparticles containing αGC plus S. pneumoniae polysaccharides elicits robust IgM and IgG in vivo and protect mice against lethal systemic S. pneumoniae However, codelivery of αGC via nanoparticles actually eliminated Ab protection elicited by a T-independent S. pneumoniae vaccine. This is consistent with previous studies demonstrating iNKT cell help for B cells following acute activation, but negative regulation of B cells during chronic inflammation. αGC-containing nanoparticles represent a viable platform for broadly efficacious vaccines against deadly human pathogens, but their potential for eliminating B cells under certain conditions suggests further clarity on iNKT cell interactions with B cells is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Angel
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Brandy K Vincent
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Fromme
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | - Mitchell Laughlin
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | - Olivia Durham
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | | | - Devon Shipp
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | | | - Kelly Nash
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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6
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Abstract
CD4 T cells, and especially T follicular helper cells, are critical for the generation of a robust humoral response to an infection or vaccination. Importantly, immunosenescence affects CD4 T-cell function, and the accumulation of intrinsic defects decreases the cognate helper functions of these cells. However, much less is known about the contribution of the aged microenvironment to this impaired CD4 T-cell response. In this study, we have employed a preclinical model to determine whether the aged environment contributes to the defects in CD4 T-cell functions with aging. Using an adoptive transfer model in mice, we demonstrate for the first time that the aged microenvironment negatively impacts at least three steps of the CD4 T-cell response to antigenic stimulation. First, the recruitment of CD4 T cells to the spleen is reduced in aged compared to young hosts, which correlates with dysregulated chemokine expression in the aged organ. Second, the priming of CD4 T cells by DCs is reduced in aged compared to young mice. Finally, naïve CD4 T cells show a reduced transition to a T follicular helper cell phenotype in the aged environment, which impairs the subsequent generation of germinal centers. These studies have provided new insights into how aging impacts the immune system and how these changes influence the development of immunity to infections or vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Lefebvre
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Ave, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA
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7
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Haynes L, Szaba FM, Eaton SM, Kummer LW, Lanthier PA, Petell AH, Duso DK, Luo D, Lin JS, Lefebvre JS, Randall TD, Johnson LL, Kohlmeier JE, Woodland DL, Smiley ST. Immunity to the conserved influenza nucleoprotein reduces susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. J Immunol 2012; 189:4921-9. [PMID: 23028058 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza causes >250,000 deaths annually in the industrialized world, and bacterial infections frequently cause secondary illnesses during influenza outbreaks, including pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. In this study, we demonstrate that cross-reactive immunity to mismatched influenza strains can reduce susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, even though this fails to prevent influenza infection. Specifically, infecting mice with H3N2 influenza before challenging with mismatched H1N1 influenza reduces susceptibility to either Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae or Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vaccinating mice with the highly conserved nucleoprotein of influenza also reduces H1N1-induced susceptibility to lethal bacterial infections. Both T cells and Abs contribute to defense against influenza-induced bacterial diseases; influenza cross-reactive T cells reduce viral titers, whereas Abs to nucleoprotein suppress induction of inflammation in the lung. These findings suggest that nonneutralizing influenza vaccines that fail to prevent influenza infection may nevertheless protect the public from secondary bacterial diseases when neutralizing vaccines are not available.
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8
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Maue AC, Eaton SM, Lanthier PA, Sweet KB, Blumerman SL, Haynes L. Proinflammatory adjuvants enhance the cognate helper activity of aged CD4 T cells. J Immunol 2009; 182:6129-35. [PMID: 19414765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related declines in humoral responses contribute to the reduced efficacy of vaccines in older populations. Using an adoptive transfer model, we have shown that age-related intrinsic declines in CD4 T cell function contribute significantly to the reduced humoral responses observed with aging, resulting in reduced B cell expansion and differentiation as well as reduced IgG production. In this current study, we show that the helper function of aged CD4 T cells can be enhanced using a TLR-binding adjuvant or an adjuvant containing proinflammatory (PI) cytokines. The helper function of aged CD4 T cells was also enhanced when PI cytokines were added during in vitro CD4 effector generation. Enhanced helper activity resulted in improved expansion and differentiation of B cells and affinity maturation of IgG. PI cytokines also induced significant production of effector cytokines, including IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-17, and IL-21, by both young and aged CD4 T cells. Importantly, we also show that proinflammatory adjuvants can significantly enhance the humoral response in intact aged animals. We propose that one of the mechanisms involved in the ability of adjuvants to enhance both young and aged T cell responses includes driving multifaceted T cell differentiation and production of multiple cytokines by responding CD4 T cells.
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9
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Couper KN, Lanthier PA, Perona-Wright G, Kummer LW, Chen W, Smiley ST, Mohrs M, Johnson LL. Anti-CD25 antibody-mediated depletion of effector T cell populations enhances susceptibility of mice to acute but not chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection. J Immunol 2009; 182:3985-94. [PMID: 19299696 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitutively express the IL-2R alpha-chain (CD25) on their surface. Consequently, administration of anti-CD25 Abs is a commonly used technique to deplete Treg populations in vivo. However, activated effector T cells may also transiently express CD25, and are thus also potential targets for anti-CD25 Abs. In this study using Toxoplasma gondii as a model proinflammatory infection, we have examined the capacity of anti-CD25 Abs to target effector T cell populations during an inflammatory episode, to determine to what extent that this action may modulate the outcome of disease. Anti-CD25 Ab-treated C57BL/6 mice displayed significantly reduced CD4(+) T cell IFN-gamma production during acute T. gondii infection and exhibited reduced weight loss and liver pathology during early acute infection; aspects of infection previously associated with effector CD4(+) T cell responses. In agreement, anti-CD25 Ab administration impaired parasite control and caused mice to succumb to infection during late acute/early chronic stages of infection with elevated tissue parasite burdens. In contrast, anti-CD25 Ab treatment of mice with established chronic infections did not markedly affect brain parasite burdens, suggesting that protective T cell populations do not express CD25 during chronic stages of T. gondii infection. In summary, we have demonstrated that anti-CD25 Abs may directly abrogate effector T cell responses during an inflammatory episode, highlighting important limitations of the use of anti-CD25 Ab administration to examine Treg function during inflammatory settings.
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10
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Eaton S, Maue AC, Lanthier PA, Sweet KB, Blumerman SL. Pro-inflammatory adjuvants enhance the cognate helper activity of aged CD4 T cells (96.9). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.96.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The humoral response in aged individuals is significantly reduced compared to young, thus contributing to the reduced efficacy of vaccines commonly seen in older populations. Using an adoptive transfer model, we have shown that age-related intrinsic declines in the function of naïve CD4 T cells from aged donors contribute significantly to reduced humoral responses. This decline leads to reduced B cell expansion and differentiation as well as reduced IgG production. In this study, we show that the helper function of aged CD4 T cells can be enhanced using a Toll-like receptor (TLR) binding adjuvant or an adjuvant containing proinflammatory (PI) cytokines. In addition, we show that the helper function of aged CD4 T cells can be enhanced by adding PI cytokines during in vitro effector generation. We observed enhanced expansion and differentiation of B cells and affinity maturation of IgG. Importantly, we found that PI cytokines also induced significant production of a variety of effector cytokines, including IL-4, IFNg, IL-17, and IL-21, by both young and aged CD4 T cells. The use of PI adjuvants can also improve humoral responses in intact aged animals. We propose that one of the mechanisms involved in the ability of adjuvants to enhance both young and aged T cell responses includes driving multifaceted T cell differentiation and production of multiple cytokines by responding T cells. This work funded by NIH grants AG21054 and AG02160 to LH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander C Maue
- 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | | | - Seth L Blumerman
- 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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Eaton S, Lanthier PA, Maue AC, Haynes L. Adjuvants enhance the cognate function of aged CD4 T cells via a mechanism involving IL‐17 production. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.663.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Smiley ST, Lanthier PA, Couper KN, Szaba FM, Boyson JE, Chen W, Johnson LL. Exacerbated susceptibility to infection-stimulated immunopathology in CD1d-deficient mice. J Immunol 2005; 174:7904-11. [PMID: 15944296 PMCID: PMC3010175 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.7904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking functional CD1d genes were used to study mechanisms of resistance to the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice, CD1d-deficient BALB/c mice, and WT C57BL/6 mice all survived an acute oral infection with a low dose of mildly virulent strain ME49 T. gondii cysts. In contrast, most CD1d-deficient C57BL/6 mice died within 2 wk of infection. Despite having parasite burdens that were only slightly higher than WT mice, CD1d-deficient C57BL/6 mice displayed greater weight loss and intestinal pathology. In C57BL/6 mice, CD4(+) cells can cause intestinal pathology during T. gondii infection. Compared with WT mice, infected CD1d-deficient C57BL/6 mice had higher frequencies and numbers of activated (CD44(high)) CD4(+) cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. Depletion of CD4(+) cells from CD1d-deficient mice reduced weight loss and prolonged survival, demonstrating a functional role for CD4(+) cells in their increased susceptibility to T. gondii infection. CD1d-deficient mice are deficient in Valpha14(+) T cells, a major population of NKT cells. Involvement of these cells in resistance to T. gondii was investigated using gene-targeted Jalpha18-deficient C57BL/6 mice, which are deficient in Valpha14(+) T cells. These mice did not succumb to acute infection, but experienced greater weight loss and more deaths than B6 mice during chronic infection, indicating that Valpha14(+) cells contribute to resistance to T. gondii. The data identify CD4(+) cells as a significant component of the marked susceptibility to T. gondii infection observed in CD1d-deficient C57BL/6 mice, and establish T. gondii as a valuable tool for deciphering CD1d-dependent protective mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD1/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/physiology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Antigens, Protozoan/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/parasitology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/genetics
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/pathology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Toxoplasma/growth & development
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasma/pathogenicity
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/pathology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin N. Couper
- Trudeau Institute, Inc. 154 Algonquin Ave. Saranac Lake, NY 12983
| | - Frank M. Szaba
- Trudeau Institute, Inc. 154 Algonquin Ave. Saranac Lake, NY 12983
| | - Jonathan E. Boyson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation Surgery and Immunology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0RG, Canada
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