Caffeine Mouth Rinse Plus Ingestion Improves the 10-Km Time Trial Compared to Caffeine Mouth Rinse Alone

Background: The benefits of caffeine to physical performance have been extensively demonstrated, however, it has recently been speculated that there is an effect of the administration route on its effectiveness. Purpose: The current study investigated the effect of caffeine mouth rinse in isolation or combined with ingestion on performance in a 30-minute constant-load exercise followed by a 10-km cycling time trial. Methods: Ten physically active men performed a 30-minute constant-load exercise at 50% of the graded test Wmax, followed by a 10-km cycling time trial. Before and at the middle points of the constant-load exercise and 10-km cycling time trial, the following conditions were administered: PLA (cellulose ingestion plus mouth rinsing with magnesium sulfate), ING (5 mg.kg-1 of caffeine ingestion plus mouth rinsing with magnesium sulfate), MR (cellulose ingestion plus mouth rinsing with 1.2% caffeine), and COMB (5 mg.kg-1 of caffeine ingestion plus mouth rinsing with 1.2% caffeine). Results: During the 30-minute constant-load exercise, COMB presented a lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE) than MR (p = .04). For the 10-km time trial, the COMB was faster than MR (MR = 1363 ± 345 vs. COMB = 1291 ± 308s, Δ% = 5.57, p = .05). Mean power output was higher in COMB than PLA, ING, and MR (234 ± 15 vs. 169 ± 29, 148 ± 11, and 145 ± 12 W, respectively). There were no differences between conditions for heart rate and RPE during the 10-km time trial. Conclusion: In summary, caffeine mouth rinsing potentiated the effects of caffeine ingestion during the 10-km time trial compared to caffeine mouth rinsing alone.

Environmental Planning and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review on the Role of the Metabolomic Profile

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the major cause of death worldwide and have economic, psychological, and social impacts. Air pollution is the second, contributing to NCDs-related deaths. Metabolomics are a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool for NCDs, as they allow the identification of biomarkers linked to emerging pathologic processes. The aim of the present study was to review the scientific literature on the application of metabolomics profiling in NCDs and to discuss environmental planning actions to assist healthcare systems and public managers based on early metabolic diagnosis. The search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases with the following MeSH terms: "metabolomics" AND "noncommunicable diseases" AND "air pollution". Twenty-nine studies were eligible. Eleven involved NCDs prevention, eight addressed diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, systemic arterial hypertension, or metabolic syndrome. Six studies focused on obesity, two evaluated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, two studied cancer, and none addressed chronic respiratory diseases. The studies provided insights into the biological pathways associated with NCDs. Understanding the cost of delivering care where there will be a critical increase in NCDs prevalence is crucial to achieving universal health coverage and improving population health by allocating environmental planning and treatment resources.

EFFECTS OF WALKING ON THE MOOD OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE OLDER PEOPLE

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to the relationship between exercise and mood (MO), physical activity is being widely used as a nonpharmacological strategy in the treatment of depression. However, most studies have used sample groups of subjects who, besides suffering from ill health, are also older and sedentary, thus presenting wider “windows of adaptations” when compared to apparently healthy or physically active individuals. Thus, the effects of exercise on MO in physically active elderly individuals are yet to be clarified. Objective: To verify the acute effects of 30 minutes of walking of mild to moderate intensity on the MO of physically active elderly subjects. Methods: A total of 43 volunteers (86% women and 14% men), who participated regularly in an activity program offered by a health care institution in Alagoas, were selected in a non-probabilistic manner. MO was evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire before and after 30 minutes of walking. The comparison between means was verified with Student's t-test. Results: Relative differences were observed in all dimensions of MO, ranging from 16.4% (Vigor) to 56.3% (Rage). However, statistically significant differences were only found in the Vigor (p = 0.00) and Confusion (p = 0.026) dimensions. Conclusion: It is concluded that a 30-minute walk, performed at mild to moderate intensity, as recommended by the main medical guidelines for obtaining general health benefits, may be an effective way of promoting MO improvements in physically active elderly people. The study confirms the fact that walking may potentially be an interesting nonpharmacological strategy for the treatment of depression. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigating treatment results.

Crescimento e estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil

OBJETIVOS: avaliar peso, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade de crianças e adolescentes de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 1327 jovens (692 masculino e 635 feminino) com idade de 7 a 19 anos. Os dados foram coletados com o mesmo equipamento e seguindo procedimento padrão descrito na literatura. O teste t de Student para variáveis independentes foi utilizado para as comparações entre sexo (p<0,05), e foram calculados os percentis para cada idade. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS, versão-10.0. A plotagem das curvas foi realizada no programa Minitab, versão-14.0. Os percentis 85 e 95 serviram para classificação de sobrepeso e de obesidade e foram analisados em relação aos dois estudos mais aceitos internacionalmente. RESULTADOS o peso e a altura estão acima dos valores encontrados em outras regiões brasileiras e semelhantes a dos países desenvolvidos. O IMC revelou alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, principalmente no sexo masculino, entre 7 e 10 anos. Esta prevalência foi menor no grupo feminino, especialmente entre as adolescentes. CONCLUSÕES: a amostra apresenta padrão de crescimento acima de outras regiões brasileiras e comparáveis a países desenvolvidos, entretanto o IMC indica alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade.

Effect of an acute beta-adrenergic blockade on the blood glucose response during lactate minimum test

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between blood lactate and glucose during an incremental test after exercise induced lactic acidosis, under normal and acute beta-adrenergic blockade. Eight fit males (cyclists or triathletes) performed a protocol to determine the intensity corresponding to the individual equilibrium point between lactate entry and removal from the blood (incremental test after exercise induced lactic acidosis), determined from the blood lactate (Lacmin) and glucose (Glucmin) response. This protocol was performed twice in a double-blind randomized order by ingesting either propranolol (80 mg) or a placebo (dextrose), 120 min prior to the test. The blood lactate and glucose concentration obtained 7 minutes after anaerobic exercise (Wingate test) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) with the acute beta-adrenergic blockade (9.1 +/- 1.5 mM; 3.9 +/- 0.1 mM), respectively than in the placebo condition (12.4 +/- 1.8 mM; 5.0 +/- 0.1 mM). There was no difference (p > 0.05) between the exercise intensity determined by Lacmin (212.1 +/- 17.4 W) and Glucmin (218.2 +/- 22.1 W) during exercise performed without acute beta-adrenergic blockade. The exercise intensity at Lacmin was lowered (p < 0.05) from 212.1 +/- 17.4 to 181.0 +/- 15.6 W and heart rate at Lacmin was reduced (p < 0 .01) from 161.2 +/- 8.4 to 129.3 +/- 6.2 beats min(-1) as a result of the blockade. It was not possible to determine the exercise intensity corresponding to Glucmin with beta-adrenergic blockade, since the blood glucose concentration presented a continuous decrease during the incremental test. We concluded that the similar pattern response of blood lactate and glucose during an incremental test after exercise induced lactic acidosis, is not present during beta-adrenergic blockade suggesting that, at least in part, this behavior depends upon adrenergic stimulation.