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Kabego L, Balde T, Barasa D, Ndoye B, Hilde OB, Makamure T, Mulumeoderwa GO, Kanyowa T, Kamara RF, Hamadou B, Ogundiran O, Okeibunor J, Williams G, Tusiime JB, Atuhebwe PL, Oyugi B, Mawanda ET, Razakamanantsoa A, Braka F, Chamla D, Gueye AS. Analysing the implementation of infection prevention and control measures in health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the African Region. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:824. [PMID: 37996811 PMCID: PMC10668477 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The declaration of SARS-CoV-2 as a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020 prompted the need to strengthen infection prevention and control (IPC) capacities within health care facilities (HCF). IPC guidelines, with standard and transmission-based precautions to be put in place to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at these HCFs were developed. Based on these IPC guidelines, a rapid assessment scorecard tool, with 14 components, to enhance assessment and improvement of IPC measures at HCFs was developed. This study assessed the level of implementation of the IPC measures in HCFs across the African Region during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD An observational study was conducted from April 2020 to November 2022 in 17 countries in the African Region to monitor the progress made in implementing IPC standard and transmission-based precautions in primary-, secondary- and tertiary-level HCFs. A total of 5168 primary, secondary and tertiary HCFs were assessed. The HCFs were assessed and scored each component of the tool. Statistical analyses were done using R (version 4.2.0). RESULTS A total of 11 564 assessments were conducted in 5153 HCFs, giving an average of 2.2 assessments per HCF. The baseline median score for the facility assessments was 60.2%. Tertiary HCFs and those dedicated to COVID-19 patients had the highest IPC scores. Tertiary-level HCFs had a median score of 70%, secondary-level HCFs 62.3% and primary-level HCFs 56.8%. HCFs dedicated to COVID-19 patients had the highest scores, with a median of 68.2%, followed by the mixed facilities that attended to both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, with 64.84%. On the components, there was a strong correlation between high IPC assessment scores and the presence of IPC focal points in HCFs, the availability of IPC guidelines in HCFs and HCFs that had all their health workers trained in basic IPC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, a functional IPC programme with a dedicated focal person is a prerequisite for implementing improved IPC measures at the HCF level. In the absence of an epidemic, the general IPC standards in HCFs are low, as evidenced by the low scores in the non-COVID-19 treatment centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landry Kabego
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
| | - Thierno Balde
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Deborah Barasa
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Babacar Ndoye
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Okou-Bisso Hilde
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Tendai Makamure
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Trevor Kanyowa
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Rashidatu Fouad Kamara
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Boiro Hamadou
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Opeayo Ogundiran
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Joseph Okeibunor
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - George Williams
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Jayne Byakika Tusiime
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Phionah Lynn Atuhebwe
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Boniface Oyugi
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Elande-Taty Mawanda
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Andry Razakamanantsoa
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Fiona Braka
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Dick Chamla
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Abdou Salam Gueye
- World Health Organization/Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
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Mboussou F, Farham B, Nsasiirwe S, Atagbaza A, Oyaole D, Atuhebwe PL, Alegana V, Osei-sarpong F, Bwaka A, Paluku G, Petu A, Efe-Aluta O, Kalu A, Bagayoko MM, Impouma B. COVID-19 Vaccination in the WHO African Region: Progress Made in 2022 and Factors Associated. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1010. [PMID: 37243114 PMCID: PMC10223522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study summarizes progress made in rolling out COVID-19 vaccinations in the African region in 2022, and analyzes factors associated with vaccination coverage. Data on vaccine uptake reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa by Member States between January 2021 and December 2022, as well as publicly available health and socio-economic data, were used. A negative binomial regression was performed to analyze factors associated with vaccination coverage in 2022. As of the end of 2022, 308.1 million people had completed the primary vaccination series, representing 26.4% of the region's population, compared to 6.3% at the end of 2021. The percentage of health workers with complete primary series was 40.9%. Having carried out at least one high volume mass vaccination campaign in 2022 was associated with high vaccination coverage (β = 0.91, p < 0.0001), while higher WHO funding spent per person vaccinated in 2022 was correlated with lower vaccination coverage (β = -0.26, p < 0.03). All countries should expand efforts to integrate COVID-19 vaccinations into routine immunization and primary health care, and increase investment in vaccine demand generation during the transition period that follows the acute phase of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mboussou
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
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