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De Somer T, Nguyen Luu Minh T, Roosen M, Nachtergaele P, Manhaeghe D, Van Laere T, Schlummer M, Van Geem KM, De Meester S. Application of chemometric tools in the QSAR development of VOC removal in plastic waste recycling. Chemosphere 2024; 350:141069. [PMID: 38160949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Deodorization and, in a broader sense, the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plastic waste have become increasingly important in the field of plastic recycling, and various new decontamination techniques have been developed. Both in research and industrial practice, the selection of VOCs has been random or unsubstantiated, making it difficult to compare studies and assess decontamination processes objectively. Thus, this study proposes the use of Statistical Molecular Design (SMD) and Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationship (QSAR) as chemometric tools for the selection of representative VOCs, based on physicochemical properties. Various algorithms are used for SMD; hence, several frequently used D-Optimal Onion Design (DOOD) and Space-Filling (SF) algorithms were assessed. Hereby, it was validated that DOOD, by dividing the layers based on the equal-distance approach without so-called 'Adjacent Layer Bias', results in the most representative selection of VOCs. QSAR models that describe VOC removal by water-based washing of plastic waste as a function of molecular weight, polarizability, dipole moment and Hansen Solubility Parameters Distance were successfully established. An adjusted-R2 value of 0.77 ± 0.09 and a mean absolute error of 24.5 ± 4 % was obtained. Consequently, by measuring a representative selection of VOCs compiled using SMD, the removal of other unanalyzed VOCs was predicted on the basis of the QSAR. Another advantage of the proposed chemometric selection procedure is its flexibility. SMD allows to extend or modify the considered dataset according to the available analytical techniques, and to adjust the considered physicochemical properties according to the intended process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias De Somer
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Thien Nguyen Luu Minh
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Martijn Roosen
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter Nachtergaele
- Research Group Sustainable Systems Engineering (STEN), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dave Manhaeghe
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Tine Van Laere
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin Schlummer
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Verpackung IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kevin M Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Steven De Meester
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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Kol R, Nachtergaele P, De Somer T, D’hooge DR, Achilias DS, De Meester S. Toward More Universal Prediction of Polymer Solution Viscosity for Solvent-Based Recycling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:10999-11011. [PMID: 35941852 PMCID: PMC9354514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The viscosity of polymer solutions is important for both
polymer
synthesis and recycling. Polymerization reactions can become hampered
by diffusional limitations once a viscosity threshold is reached,
and viscous solutions complicate the cleaning steps during the dissolution–precipitation
technique. Available experimental data is limited, which is more severe
for green solvents, justifying dedicated viscosity data recording
and interpretation. In this work, a systematic study is therefore
performed on the viscosity of polystyrene solutions, considering different
concentrations, temperatures, and conventional and green solvents.
The results show that for the shear rate range of 1–1000 s–1, the solutions with concentrations between 5 and
39 wt % display mainly Newtonian behavior, which is further confirmed
by the applicability of the segment-based Eyring-NRTL and Eyring-mNRF
models. Moreover, multivariate data analysis successfully predicts
the viscosity of polystyrene solutions under different conditions.
This approach will facilitate future data recording for other polymer–solvent
combinations while minimizing experimental effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Kol
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pieter Nachtergaele
- Research Group STEN, Department of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tobias De Somer
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) and Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125 and 70a, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Dimitris S. Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven De Meester
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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Motte J, Mahmoud M, Nieder-Heitmann M, Vleeming H, Thybaut JW, Poissonnier J, Alvarenga RAF, Nachtergaele P, Dewulf J. Environmental Performance Assessment of a Novel Process Concept for Propanol Production from Widely Available and Wasted Methane Sources. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:11071-11079. [PMID: 35941850 PMCID: PMC9354509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Currently, propanol
production highly depends on conventional fossil
resources. Therefore, an alternative production process, denoted as
“C123”, is proposed and evaluated in which underutilized
and methane-rich feedstocks such as biogas (scenario BG), marginal
gas (scenario MG), and associated gas (scenario AG) are converted
into propanol. A first modular-scale process concept was constructed
in Aspen Plus, based on experimental data and know-how of the C123
consortium partners. The environmental performance of the considered
scenarios was compared at the life cycle level by calculating key
performance indicators (KPIs), such as the global warming burden.
The results showed that scenario BG is the least dependent on fossil
fuels for energy use. Scenario AG seems the most promising one based
on almost all selected KPIs when taking into account the avoided gas
flaring emissions. The performance of the C123 process concept could
be improved by applying heat integration in the process concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Motte
- Research Group Sustainable Systems Engineering (STEN), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Process Design Center (PDC), Paardeweide 7, NL-4824 EH Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hank Vleeming
- Process Design Center (PDC), Paardeweide 7, NL-4824 EH Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Joris W. Thybaut
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Poissonnier
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Nachtergaele
- Research Group Sustainable Systems Engineering (STEN), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jo Dewulf
- Research Group Sustainable Systems Engineering (STEN), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Nachtergaele P, Somer T, Gelaude B, Hogie J, Thybaut JW, Meester S, Drijvers D, Dewulf J. Iterative lumping approach for representing lipid feedstocks in fatty acid distillation simulation and optimization. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Somer
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering Kortrijk Belgium
| | | | - Joël Hogie
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Joris W. Thybaut
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven Meester
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering Kortrijk Belgium
| | | | - Jo Dewulf
- Ghent University, Research Group STEN Ghent Belgium
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Nachtergaele P, Thybaut J, De Meester S, Drijvers D, Saeys W, Dewulf J. Multivariate Analysis of Industrial Biorefinery Processes: Strategy for Improved Process Understanding with Case Studies in Fatty Acid Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Nachtergaele
- Research Group STEN, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Oleon NV, Assenedestraat 2, B-9940 Evergem, Belgium
| | - Joris Thybaut
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven De Meester
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Wouter Saeys
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Dewulf
- Research Group STEN, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Nachtergaele P, Radwan A, Swinnen S, Decramer T, Uytterhoeven M, Sunaert S, van Loon J, Theys T. The temporoinsular projection system: an anatomical study. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:615-623. [DOI: 10.3171/2018.11.jns18679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEConnections between the insular cortex and the amygdaloid complex have been demonstrated using various techniques. Although functionally well connected, the precise anatomical substrate through which the amygdaloid complex and the insula are wired remains unknown. In 1960, Klingler briefly described the “fasciculus amygdaloinsularis,” a white matter tract connecting the posterior insula with the amygdala. The existence of such a fasciculus seems likely but has not been firmly established, and the reported literature does not include a thorough description and documentation of its anatomy. In this fiber dissection study the authors sought to elucidate the pathway connecting the insular cortex and the mesial temporal lobe.METHODSFourteen brain specimens obtained at routine autopsy were dissected according to Klingler’s fiber dissection technique. After fixation and freezing, anatomical dissections were performed in a stepwise progressive fashion.RESULTSThe insula is connected with the opercula of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes through the extreme capsule, which represents a network of short association fibers. At the limen insulae, white matter fibers from the extreme capsule converge and loop around the uncinate fasciculus toward the temporal pole and the mesial temporal lobe, including the amygdaloid complex.CONCLUSIONSThe insula and the mesial temporal lobe are directly connected through white matter fibers in the extreme capsule, resulting in the appearance of a single amygdaloinsular fasciculus. This apparent fasciculus is part of the broader network of short association fibers of the extreme capsule, which connects the entire insular cortex with the temporal pole and the amygdaloid complex. The authors propose the term “temporoinsular projection system” (TIPS) for this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Nachtergaele
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- 2Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Swinnen
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Thomas Decramer
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Mats Uytterhoeven
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- 2Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes van Loon
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Tom Theys
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
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