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Primary sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:182-184. [PMID: 38358217 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1228_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis also known as cocoon abdomen is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the peritoneum in which the bowel loops are encircled by a membrane (cocoon formation) within the peritoneal cavity leading to intestinal obstruction. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary (chemotherapy, beta-blockers, peritoneal dialysis, shunts, tuberculosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.). The symptomatology report includes recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting. We present here a case of a 32-year-old male who presented with complaints of being unable to pass stools, vomiting (3-4 times), and abdomen pain for 4 days. This case is considered worth mentioning due to its rarity, lack of identification of secondary causes, and diminutive mention of histopathological aspect.
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Prospective Evaluation of Locoregional Control in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Infratemporal Fossa Involvement Treated with Surgery and Adjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e607. [PMID: 37785829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer in India. Definitive surgery with or without post-op radiotherapy (PORT) with or without chemotherapy (CT) provides better outcomes in locally advanced OCSCC as compared to definitive chemoradiotherapy. T4b OCSCC with infra temporal fossa (ITF) involvement has varied outcome depending on the extent of ITF involvement, with low and mid ITF having relatively favorable prognosis. We aimed to prospectively evaluate outcomes in patients of OCSCC with low or mid ITF involvement treated with curative surgery followed by adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 20 patients of T4b OCSCC (as per AJCC 8th edition) with low or mid ITF involvement were included in this single arm prospective interventional study from January 2021 to October 2022. Patients with involvement of skull base, carotid artery, prevertebral fascia and/or pterygomaxillary fissure were excluded. All patients were treated with definitive surgery with ITF clearance followed by adjuvant CCRT as indicated. Loco-regional control (LRC), Disease free survival (DFS), Overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Acute toxicities were assessed according to the CTCAE v5.0. RESULTS Patient characteristics are summarized in table 1. Median follow-up was 11.5 months (4-21months). All patients received adjuvant CCRT with weekly cisplatin 40mg/m2 to a median number of 6 cycles (5-7 cycles). Median RT dose was 64Gy (60-64Gy). All patients tolerated treatment well. Grade 3 oral mucositis, odynophagia were seen in 8 (40%) patients each and skin toxicity, oral pain in 6 (30%) and 5 (25%) patients respectively. No grade 4 toxicities were observed LRC at three month was 73.68% with 4 local and 1 locoregional failure only. LRC at one year was 36.8% with 8 local, 1 locoregional, 2 locodistant and 1 distant failure only. Median DFS was 10.4 months. Median OS was not reached; four patients died. LRC at three months was better for patients with low ITF disease as compared to mid ITF disease (85.7% vs. 40% (p = 0.04) and at one year was 42.8% vs. 40% (p = 0.50). CONCLUSION Selected patient of locally advanced OCSCC with low ITF involvement may benefit from trimodality therapy of surgery with ITF clearance followed by adjuvant CCRT. Acute toxicity profile was acceptable in our study.
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A65 VISCERAL FAT INDICES: DO THEY HELP DIFFERENTIATE CROHN’S DISEASE AND INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN? J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991275 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn’s disease (CD) and Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) mimic each other and are often difficult to differentiate. A correct and prompt diagnosis is essential for a good outcome. Mesenteric fat hypertrophy is a feature of CD and studies in adults have shown higher visceral fat in CD than ITB. There is no published data in children. Purpose This study evaluated the utility of visceral fat indices in differentiating CD and ITB in children. Method Symptomatic children diagnosed to have CD or ITB based on standard recommended criteria were enrolled. The clinical and laboratory details were noted. Abdominal fat was measured on Computed Tomography in supine position at the level of L4 vertebrae. Visceral fat (VF) and subcutaneous fat (SF) area was measured separately by an experienced radiologist, blinded to the diagnosis. Sum of VF and SF was taken as total fat (TF). VF/SF and VF/TF ratio was calculated. Result(s) 34 children [14 boys, median age 14.0 (inter quartile range 10.8-17.0)] years were recruited, of which 12 (29%) had CD [7 boys, age 13.0 (IQR 9.25-16.5) years] and 22 (71%) had ITB [7 boys, age-14.5 (IQR 11-17) years]. Visceral fat area (VF) was significantly higher in CD compared to ITB (table 1). However, there was no significant difference in the SF (2199.5 (1537.6-3881.6) vs 2176.5 (671.0-6651.5) mm2; p=0.958) and TF (3096.1 (2108.2-5373.5) vs 4518.2 (2677.6-8456.3) mm2; p=0.245) in ITB and CD respectively. The ratio of VF/SF and VF/TF was significantly higher in CD as compared to ITB for all cases (table1). When comparing CD and ITB in boys and girls separately the same trend was observed but the difference was statistically significant only for boys. On ROC analysis, VF:SF ratio of 0.609 predicted CD with the sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 86.4% (area under curve [AUC]-0.795, 95% CI 0.636-0.955; p=0.005). VF:TF ratio of 0.379 had similar sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 86.4% (AUC-0.795, 95% CI 0.636-0.955; p=0.005). The VF area of 1485.26 mm2 had a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 72.7% for CD (AUC-0.758, 95% CI 0.590-0.925; p=0.01). Image ![]()
Conclusion(s) The VF/SF ratio is a simple, non-invasive, objective parameter to differentiate CD and ITB in children with a good sensitivity and specificity. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Impact of Depth of Invasion Tumor Budding and Worst Pattern of Invasion on Clinical Outcome in Post-Operative Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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High pressure baloon dilatation (HPBD) vs cutting balloon ureterotomy (CBU) in the management of primary obstructive megaureter (POM). EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)01309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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EP08.04-004 Impact of Comorbidity Scores on Overall Survival in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients -A Real-World Experience from Eastern India. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hydrogen sulphide infiltration downregulates oxidative metabolism and extends postharvest life of banana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:697-703. [PMID: 34783125 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) has emerged as a potential regulator of plant defence against different abiotic stresses. As a climacteric fruit, banana undergoes oxidative stresses shortly after harvest, resulting in faster ripening and senescence. This work examines the effects of vacuum infiltrated H2 S on ripening inhibition of banana. Banana fruits were vacuum infiltrated with 1 mm H2 S. Effects on oxidative stress markers, physiological changes, bioactive compounds and antioxidant potentials were examined during storage at 25 °C and 75-80% RH. Results indicate that treated fruits were less affected by oxidative stress, as evident by lower accumulation of ROS (superoxide and peroxide ions), elevated phenols content and antioxidant capacity. The ripening inhibitory effects of H2 S delayed chlorophyll loss and reduced ethylene and CO2 production. H2 S infiltration also reduced MDA accumulation and electrolytic leakage, resulting in longer shelf life. Vacuum infiltration with H2 S had a protective effect on postharvest banana through overcoming the deleterious effect of ROS and strengthening antioxidant potential. Thus, this method could be promising for enhanced preservation of banana during storage.
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249P Significance of intraoperative frozen assessment of cavity shave margins in patients undergoing breast conservation surgery: A tertiary care centre experience. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bronco T (Shirisadi kasaya), a polyherbal formulation prevents LPS induced septicemia in rats. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 26:1513-1523. [PMID: 35302196 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202203_28216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, Bronco T (BT), a polyherbal formulation developed in 1984 for treating asthma, has been repurposed against septicemia-induced ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharides (3 mg/kg BW) were injected intraperitoneally before 24 hours of surgery to assess the cardiorespiratory parameters, blood PaO2/FiO2 and MPO, pulmonary water content and histological changes in the lungs. The pentoxifylline (PTX) (25 mg/kg BW) was used as the positive control and given one hour before LPS. BT was given 3 hours (orally at different doses of 3, 1.5 and 0.75 g/kg BW) before LPS. RESULTS The LPS treated group showed significant bradypnea, hypotension and bradycardia, through elongated peaks (RR) and (MAP) respectively and finally death after 95 minutes of LPS injection. The PTX and BT (3 g/kg BW) pretreatment significantly prevented these changes (dose-dependent in the BT group). The survival in these groups was maintained up to 190 min after LPS. The Pentoxifylline showed a better response (75%) than Bronco T (72%). In both the treatments, a significant decrease in pulmonary water content and minimal neutrophil infiltration and intact alveoli-capillary membrane was seen in the transverse section (T.S) of the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Significant improvement was noted in survival time with lesser tissue damage and improved pulmonary function was observed by pre-treating with Bronco T in LPS induced septicemia.
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Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐Modified Graphite Felt and Carbon Cloth Anodes for Use in Microbial Fuel Cells. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Molecular detection of Salmonella isolated from commercial chicken. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2022; 23:39-45. [PMID: 35782360 PMCID: PMC9238933 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.41301.5996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella in chicken, specially, the motile salmonellae, causes the food chain unsafe from farm to table and is considered a significant global threat to public health. AIMS The present study was carried out for molecular detection of Salmonellae in commercial poultry using PCR. METHODS The study was conducted for eight months, from July 2019 to February 2020, and a total of 26 poultry farms, including 15 broiler and 11-layer farms, were visited individually. Pooled faecal samples were obtained from the sheds. A total of 189 necropsy cases were examined for gastrointestinal lesions. Isolation and identification of the organism were done using microbe culture method, and the molecular characterization was performed via PCR targeting invA and ent genes. RESULTS The prevalence of salmonellosis in the broiler and layer farms was recorded at 20.0% and 45.4%, respectively, through the traditional gold standard culture method. From 189 necropsy birds, salmonellosis was recorded at 1.58% dead cases. Molecular detection of Salmonella isolates by PCR targeting invA gene was confirmed in 13.33% of the broiler farms and 36.3% of the layer farms. Further detection of Salmonella enteritidis was performed by PCR targeting ent gene by which 11.11% positivity was determined. CONCLUSION This study, focused on the Salmonella prevalence, highlighted the zoonotic importance of the bacterium in the commercial poultry farms, which can subsequently be dispersed into the human food chain causing harmful health effects.
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Safety and efficacy of antenatal glucocorticoids in women at risk of preterm birth in low resource settings. J Perinatol 2022; 42:149-152. [PMID: 34663903 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Effect of a dietary supplement on the reduction of lymphedema-progression in mouse tail-cut model. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 25:56-66. [PMID: 34890035 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate in vivo, in a mouse tail model of lymphedema, the effects of a dietary supplement, Garlive®, based on hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves, spermidine from rice seeds, hesperidin from citrus fruits and vitamin A. Hydroxytyrosol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and inhibits leukotriene B4 generation; spermidine is able to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators; hesperidin inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines: IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10; vitamin A deficiency was shown to induce inflammation and aggravate existing inflammatory states, whereas supplementation with vitamin A could ameliorate inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active compounds were included in tablets: 250 mg of olive leaf extract titrated in 10% hydroxytyrosol, 200 mg of citrus fruits extract titrated in 60% hesperidin, 10 mg of rice (Oryza sativa) seeds extract titrated in 1% spermidine and 0.8 mg of vitamin A. Mice of an inbred group were randomly selected and divided in the control group and drug-treated group. The wound necessary for lymphedema generation was made on the tail of each mice 1 cm below the base of the trunk. RESULTS After surgical intervention, there was a gradual increase in the circumference of both ends of the wound. The control group showed higher increase of tail volume than the drug-treated group. The differences in tail swelling between the control group and the drug-treated group were significantly different. The peak of swelling was anticipated to the 6th day in the drug-treated group, whereas in the control group the peak was reached later on. CONCLUSIONS The tested drug prevented the induction of swelling from day 5th of wound creation and decreased the duration of swelling, favoring the wound healing.
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1444 Is FBC Being Investigated Within 32 Hours of Surgery in Neck of Femur Fractures? Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The UK treats approximately 76,000 neck of femur (NOF) fractures annually (NHFD 2018). These patients are known to be frail and dehydrated upon arrival to the emergency department. Surgery can expose patients to substantial blood loss both preoperatively and postoperatively (Foss et al). Furthermore, studies have shown that postoperative anaemia is detrimental in patients who have had hip surgery (Marval et al 2014). Thus, it is imperative to monitor patients’ haemoglobin (Hb) levels immediately after the operation so that optimum treatment can be assured. The current audit standard in our local trust states that all patients must have their full blood count (FBC) within 32 hours post-surgery. As Covid-19 has brought disruption to the NHS, It is important for us to highlight any issues that arise in the monitoring of Hb in the post-operative phase of these NOF patients.
Method
Using retrospective analysis, this study analysed the number of patients having the FBC within 32 hours post-surgery during the pandemic (n = 60) and was compared to a similar cohort pre-pandemic (n = 139).
Results
91% of patients overall had their Hb checked within 32 hours. 92% in the pre-covid group had a Hb check within time compared to 81% in the covid group. The risk ratio calculated was 1.5.
Conclusions
Conclusively, patients in the covid group were 1.5 times more likely to have their FBC checked past 32 hours post-surgery. However, this finding was not significant. Overall, the audit standard was not met.
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Role of postoperative intact serum PTH as an early predictor of severe post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia: a prospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1961-1970. [PMID: 33502721 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is a major sequel of thyroidectomy and continues to trouble the endocrinologists and the endocrine surgeons as there is no ideal predictive marker of hypocalcemia which has the potential to develop into a life-threatening complication. The role of early serum intact parathormone (iPTH) to predict post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is becoming useful but the literature is still unclear regarding the optimal time of testing and the optimal cut-off value of serum iPTH. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 111 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in a tertiary care endocrine surgery referral unit. Serum iPTH was measured after 20 min and 4 h of surgery. Receiver-Operator characteristic Curve (ROC) was used to find out of the best cut-off value of S. iPTH 20 min and 4 h after surgery in predicting hypocalcemia. RESULTS Hypocalcemia was noted in 60 (54%) out of 111 subjects who underwent total thyroidectomy. The best cut-off values of Serum iPTH to predict hypocalcemia was found to be 4.28 pmol/l at 20 min post total thyroidectomy with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.7% and 51%, respectively. In addition, patients with malignancy or central lymph nodal dissection were significantly over-represented in the hypocalcemia group with serum iPTH above the threshold level of 4.28 pmol/l. Below the cut off level, parenteral calcium supplementation was required in 23% (17/74) subjects while the rate was only 5.4% (2/37) patients when serum iPTH was above the cut-off level. CONCLUSIONS The decline of serum iPTH below a specific level after surgery has predictive value together with other factors strictly related to patient, the thyroid disease itself and surgery. The risk of development of hypocalcemia and consequent need for calcium supplementation should be evaluated by clinical assessment along with serum PTH measurement.
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Next generation sequencing reveals the presence of rich bacterial microbiome in atherosclerotic coronary plaques. The Tampere Sudden Death Study (TSDS). Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Assessment of plasma ceramides as predictor for preclinical atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Characterization of plastic debris from surface waters of the eastern Arabian Sea-Indian Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112468. [PMID: 34049072 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quantity of floating plastic debris (FPD) is continuously being increased in the oceans. To assess their size, structure, and composition along the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS), FPD samples were collected by using a surface plankton net. The microplastic size fraction (0.5-5 mm) was the most prevalent accounting for >50% of the total, followed by mesoplastics (5-25 mm; ~40%) and macroplastics (>25 mm; ~10%). The collected FPDs were categorized into five different types and eight colours. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (ATR-FTIR) analysis of the plastics revealed that polypropylene, polyethylene, and nylon were the most dominant polymers, and these comprised mostly of fibre/fishing line. The abundance of FPD in the EAS (0.013 ± 0.012 no.s/m3) was found to be very low compared to elsewhere. The prevalent microplastics presence in the oceans might have occurred mainly by the degradation of larger items. It increases bioavailability, and hence, is a risk to marine ecosystems.
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Appearance of Temporal and Spatial Chaos in an Ecological System: A Mathematical Modeling Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. TRANSACTION A, SCIENCE 2021; 45:1417-1436. [PMID: 33994755 PMCID: PMC8103886 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-021-01139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ecological theory of species interactions rests largely on the competition, interference, and predator-prey models. In this paper, we propose and investigate a three-species predator-prey model to inspect the mutual interference between predators. We analyze boundedness and Kolmogorov conditions for the non-spatial model. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed by stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis. The Turing instability criteria for the Spatio-temporal system is estimated. In the numerical simulation, phase portrait with time evolution diagrams shows periodic and chaotic oscillations. Bifurcation diagrams show the very rich and complex dynamical behavior of the non-spatial model. We calculate the Lyapunov exponent to justify the dynamics of the non-spatial model. A variety of patterns like interference, spot, and stripe are observed with special emphasis on Beddington-DeAngelis function response. These complex patterns explore the beauty of the spatio-temporal model and it can be easily related to real-world biological systems.
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Complications of tuberculous meningitis and their effect on outcome in a tertiary care cohort. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 24:1194-1199. [PMID: 33172527 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To report the frequency and severity of complications, and their effect on the outcome of tuberculous meningitis (TBM).METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the following TBM complications were observed: status epilepticus (SE), hydrocephalus, paradoxical clinical worsening (PCW), hyponatremia, drug-induced hepatitis (DIH), infarction and mechanical ventilation (MV). These were recorded and correlated with stage of meningitis and outcome.RESULTS: A total of 144 patients with TBM (median age 26 years, range 12-75) were included. There were 76 (52.8%) females. The patients were in Stage I (n = 33), Stage II (n = 82) and Stage III (n = 29); 58 had definite TBM. Complications occurred in 128 (88.9%); complications included hydrocephalus (n = 58, 40.3%), hyponatremia (n = 70, 48.6%), infarction (n = 48, 33.3%), DIH (n = 42, 29.2%), SE (n = 16, 18.0%), MV (n = 43, 29.9%) and PCW (n = 24, 16.7%), with variable overlap. By 6 months, 33 patients had died. Death was related to PCW (P = 0.016), hyponatremia (P = 0.03), MV (P = 0.02), infarction (P = 0.03) and the number of complications. Except PCW, most complications occurred during the first month.CONCLUSIONS: In TBM, complications occurred in 128 (88.9%) patients, mainly in the early stages, with variable overlap. Infarction, PCW, hyponatremia and MV were predictive of poor outcome.
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A review on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:65. [PMID: 33728353 PMCID: PMC7952497 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are the repository of variable number of valuable secondary metabolites that bears pharmacognostic and pharmacological implications having potentiality to emerge as super drugs in future. In-vivo production of these metabolites is influenced by the biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in continuous accumulation of diverse phytochemicals and their derivatives that can be useful in designing and developing potential drugs for future. The aim of the present study is to review the existence of medicinally important secondary metabolites and possible pharmacological and pharmacognostic importance of under-explored weed plant species Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., to explore the potentiality of the plant for developing and designing the drugs for future. MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT Hyptis suaveolens belonging to family Lamiaceae is the rich source of medicinally important phytochemicals like essential oils, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sterols. One or many of these compounds have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, anti-septic, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-fertility, diaphoretics, anticutaneous, anticatarrhal, antirheumatic, anti-ulcer, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and antiviral activity. SHORT CONCLUSION Hyptis suaveolens contains unique terpenoid metabolites like suaveolic acid, suaveolol, methyl suaveolate, beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, and phenolic compound like rosamarinic acid, methyl rosamarinate that have potentiality to substitute the traditional drugs as therapeutic agent against the resistant and newly emerged bacterial and viral pathogens. Pentacyclic triterpenoid, ursolic acid have been reported to have effective antiviral response against the SARS-CoV2 responsible for the present COVID-19 pandemic and HIV virus for which no effective vaccines are available till date. Ursolic acid has the ability to modulate the activity of main protease (Mpro) that is essential for processing of SARS-CoV2 replicase-transcriptase machinery needed for viral replication and particle assembly.
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P38.14 Demographic and Molecular Epidemiologic Profile of Primary Lung Cancer in Eastern India. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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A Wnt5a-Cdc42 axis controls aging and rejuvenation of hair-follicle stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4778-4793. [PMID: 33629967 PMCID: PMC7950224 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Normal hair growth occurs in cycles, comprising growth (anagen), cessation (catagen) and rest (telogen). Upon aging, the initiation of anagen is significantly delayed, which results in impaired hair regeneration. Hair regeneration is driven by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). We show here that aged HFSCs present with a decrease in canonical Wnt signaling and a shift towards non-canonical Wnt5a driven signaling which antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. Elevated expression of Wnt5a in HFSCs upon aging results in elevated activity of the small RhoGTPase Cdc42 as well as a change in the spatial distribution of Cdc42 within HFSCs. Treatment of aged HFSC with a specific pharmacological inhibitor of Cdc42 activity termed CASIN to suppress the aging-associated elevated activity of Cdc42 restored canonical Wnt signaling in aged HFSCs. Treatment of aged mice in vivo with CASIN induced anagen onset and increased the percentage of anagen skin areas. Aging-associated functional deficits of HFSCs are at least in part intrinsic to HFSCs and can be restored by rational pharmacological approaches.
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Nanosuspension for oral delivery of tadalafil: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Evaluation of Changes in Microbiology and Periodontal Parameters During and After Fixed Orthodontic Appliances. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:983-990. [PMID: 33116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the changes in microbiology through quantitative analysis of aerobic and anaerobic colonies and periodontal measurements during and after 1 month of removal of fixed orthodontic appliances. This prospective study comprised 30 patients, aged 12-30 years seeking orthodontic treatment in the department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics of People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal from May 2016 to November 2017. Microbiological samples (supra- and subgingival plaque) and periodontal measurements like bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) with oral hygiene assessment indices {plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI)} were used at 2 time interval: when patient undergoing orthodontic treatment >12 month (baseline, T₁) and 1 month after the removal of appliance (T₂). Bacterial culture method used to detect aerobic and anaerobic colony forming units (CFU) and their ratio (aerobic/anaerobic). Data analyzed using paired t-test and chi-square test. There was a significant decrease in an aerobic and anaerobic CFU (both supra- and subgingivally) and increase in CFU ratio (relatively less anaerobes) (p≤0.05) at T₂. Supragingival plaque sampling showed greater diminution in the CFU count as compared to the subgingival CFU, as these sites are more accessible for maintaining hygiene. Also, periodontal measurements showed significant decrement (PI, GI, PPD and BOP) at T₂ (p≤0.05). Fixed orthodontic treatment has transient effect on periodontium as supra- and subgingival CFU count decreases and periodontal health was ameliorated after removal of appliances which was accompanied with periodontopathic bacteria and clinical periodontal signs of inflammation during treatment.
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The Impact of a Registered Dietitian in an Urban Safety Net Oncology Clinic. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Drying of citrus grandis (pomelo) fruit juice using block freeze concentration and spray drying. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2020.49.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pomelo fruit juice is concentrated using two different techniques, i.e. block freeze concentration (BFC) and thermal concentration (TC), and both concentrates were spray dried separately to observe the effects of two different concentration techniques on the physicochemical properties of the spray dried powder. BFC juice had comparatively better values of retention of acidity, colour, vitamin C, DPPH● scavenging activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total sugar content than TC juice. The powder obtained from the combination of BFC and spray drying had better retention of vitamin C (121.17 mg/100 g), colour, and exhibited higher DPPH● scavenging activity than TC spray dried powder. The physical parameters including solubility index, bulk density, and hygroscopicity were significantly higher in BFC spray dried powder. BFC was observed as an efficient concentration technique in comparison to TC as a pretreatment to produce spray dried powder with a better retention of bioactive components and powder flow properties.
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Ritonavir and Lopinavir Suppress RCE1 and CAAX Rab Proteins Sensitizing the Liver to Organelle Stress and Injury. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:932-944. [PMID: 32490327 PMCID: PMC7262282 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelle stress and Liver injuries often occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients under anti-HIV therapies, yet few molecular off-targets of anti-HIV drugs have been identified in the liver. Here, we found through total RNA sequencing that the transcription of a host protease Ras converting CAAX endopeptidase 1 (RCE1) was altered in HepG2 cells treated with anti-HIV protease inhibitors, ritonavir and lopinavir. Levels of RCE1 protein were inhibited in HepG2 and primary mouse hepatocytes and in the liver of mice treated with the anti-HIV drugs, which were accompanied with inhibition of two potential substrates of RCE1, small GTP binding protein Rab13 and Rab18, which are with a common CAAX motif and known to regulate the ER-Golgi traffic or lipogenesis. Neither Rce1 transcription nor RCE1 protein level was inhibited by Brefeldin A, which is known to interfere with the ER-Golgi traffic causing Golgi stress. Knocking down Rce1 with RNA interference increased ritonavir and lopinavir-induced cell death as well as expression of Golgi stress response markers, TFE3, HSP47 and GCP60, in both primary mouse hepatocytes and mouse liver, and deteriorated alcohol-induced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and fatty liver injury in mice. In addition, overexpressing Rab13 or Rab18 in primary human hepatocytes reduced partially the anti-HIV drugs and alcohol-induced Golgi fragmentation, Golgi stress response, and cell death injury. Conclusion: We identified a mechanism linking a host protease and its substrates, small guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins, to the anti-HIV drug-induced Golgi dysfunction, organelle stress response, and fatty liver injury.
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A Comparison of the Reliability of the Patellar Tendon-Trochlear Groove (PTTG) Distance and the Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove (TTTG) Distance Measured on MRI. Malays Orthop J 2020; 14:34-41. [PMID: 32296480 PMCID: PMC7156171 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2003.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: An increased tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TTTG) distance is used for deciding a treatment plan in patello-femoral instability (PFI). The centre of the patellar tendon and the chondral trochlear groove can be directly visualised on MRI, and measured, giving the patellar tendon-trochlear groove (PTTG) distance. A study was designed to compare the inter-rater and the test-retest reliabilities of PTTG and TTTG measurements in MRI of patients without PFI and in a group with PFI. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional reliability study was done on archival MRI films of 50 patients without patellar instability and 20 patients with patellar instability. TTTG and PTTG distances were independently measured by two orthopaedic surgeons and two radiologists. A hybrid PTTG measurement with bony landmarks on the femoral side and the patellar tendon landmark on the tibial side, was used to estimate the influence of the differences in the femoral and tibial landmarks on the difference in reliabilities. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for all four raters, as well as separately for each rater. Results: The PTTG distance had a higher inter-rater reliability (ICC=0.86, 95% CI=0.79-0.92) compared to the TTTG distance (ICC=0.70, 95% CI=0.59-0.80) in patients without PFI. Similar trends were seen in patients with PFI (0.83 vs 0.66). The inter-rater reliability for the hybrid PTTG distance was found to lie in between the TTTG and PTTG. Conclusions: The MRI-based PTTG distance had better inter-rater reliability compared with the MRI-based TTTG distance.
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SERS Platform for Dengue Diagnosis from Clinical Samples Employing a Hand Held Raman Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2527-2534. [PMID: 31909593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a serious global health concern especially in tropical and subtropical countries. About 2.5 billion of the world's population is at risk for dengue infection. Early diagnosis is the key to prevent the deterioration of health of the patient to severe illness. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue is essential for providing appropriate supportive treatment to dengue patients with febrile illness, which is difficult to diagnose clinically. Here, we demonstrate surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based diagnosis of dengue virus in clinical blood samples collected from total of 102 subjects. All of the samples were well characterized by conventional NS1 antigen and IgM antibody ELISA kits. The silver nanorods array fabricated by glancing angle deposition technique were employed as SERS substrates. A small amount of patient blood serum (5 μL) was taken for analysis and the report was prepared within a minute. SERS spectra of pure NS1 protein as well as spiked in serum was also recorded separately. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed as the statistical tool to differentiate dengue positive, dengue negative, and healthy subjects on the basis of their respective SERS spectra. This method provides a sensitive, rapid, and field deployable diagnosis of dengue at the early stage (within 5 days of the onset of symptoms).
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Corrigendum to "Isoniazid induces apoptosis: Role of oxidative stress and inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)" [Life Sci 119 (2018) 23-33]. Life Sci 2020; 240:117136. [PMID: 31837765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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EP1.14-38 Prolonged Survival in a Case of NSCLC with Recurrent Brain Metastasis - A Case Report. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Prompt diagnosis of Scedosporium apiospermum soft tissue infection: Life-saving in a renal transplant recipient. J Postgrad Med 2019; 63:200-202. [PMID: 28272067 PMCID: PMC5525487 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.201415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scedosporium apiospermum, an ubiquitous filamentous fungus, a known cause of mycetoma, is emerging as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of painful foot abscess in a renal allograft recipient on immunosuppressive therapy, which was clinically diagnosed as a suppurative bacterial abscess. Pus was aspirated, which showed septate, branching hyphal elements and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar yielded S. apiospermum, which was identified based on its macroscopic and microscopic features. There are very few reports of scedosporiasis from India. High index of suspicion for unusual fungal infection helps in prompt etiological diagnosis in a transplant recipient and rapid management prevents further dissemination.
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Protective Effects of Facilitated Removal of Blood Alcohol and Acetaldehyde Against Liver Injury in Animal Models Fed Alcohol and Anti-HIV Drugs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1091-1102. [PMID: 30908665 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously developed enzyme nanoparticles (ENP) of alcohol metabolism. This study was to evaluate protective effects of facilitated removal of blood alcohol and/or acetaldehyde on anti-HIV drugs and alcohol-induced liver injuries. METHODS ENP were prepared for degrading alcohol completely (ENP1) or partially into acetaldehyde (ENP2), which were applied to mice of acute binge or chronic-binge alcohol feeding in the presence of antivirals (ritonavir and lopinavir). Liver pathologies were examined to assess the protective effects of ENP. RESULTS In the acute model, ENP1 and ENP2 reduced the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) by 41 and 32%, respectively, within 4 hr, whereas in control without ENP, BAC was reduced only by 15%. Blood acetaldehyde concentration (BADC) was increased by 39% in alcohol-fed mice treated with ENP2 comparing to control. No significant effects of the anti-HIV drugs on BAC or BADC were observed. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and expression of liver TNF-α were both significantly increased in the alcohol-fed mice, which were normalized by ENP1. In the presence of the antivirals, ALT was partially reduced by ENP1 or ENP2. In the chronic model, inflammation, fatty liver, and ALT were increased, which were deteriorated by the antivirals. ENP1 partially reduced BAC, BADC, ALT, and expression of inflammation markers of TNF-α, F4/80, and IL-6 and lipogenic factors of ACC, LXRα, and SREBP1. ENP2 reduced BAC without significant effects on ALT, inflammation, or lipogenesis. Antivirals and alcohol synergistically increased expression of organelle stress markers of CHOP, sXBP-1, ATF6, and GCP60. ENP1 reduced BAC, CHOP, and sXbp-1. However, no effects of ENP1 were found on ATF6 or GCP60. CONCLUSIONS Removal of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde by the ENP protects the liver against alcoholic injuries, and the protection is less effective in chronic alcohol and antiviral feeding due to additional drug-induced organelle stresses.
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HIV-TB Treatment Pictogram Tool Designed from Semiotic Analysis for Community Pharmacists in India. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Prevalence and predictors of delayed clinical diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal cohort study. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1655-1662. [PMID: 30175870 PMCID: PMC6481650 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the prevalence and person-level predictors of undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes among adults with elevated HbA1c values. METHODS We identified adults without diabetes who had a first elevated HbA1c (index HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol; ≥ 6.5%) between January 2014 and December 2015, and classified them by Type 2 diabetes diagnosis status at 1 year following this result. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to examine the association of individual demographic, clinical, and utilization characteristics with remaining undiagnosed. We quantified differences in early Type 2 diabetes care between diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals. RESULTS Of the 18 356 adults with a first elevated index HbA1c , 30.2% remained undiagnosed with Type 2 diabetes 1 year later. Individuals with lower index HbA1c values [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.21-6.78 for 48 to <53 mmol/mol (6.5% to 7.0%); referent 53 to <64 mmol/mol (7.0% to <8.0%)], who were ≥ 70 years old (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24-1.59; referent 50-59 years), and who had a prior prediabetes diagnosis (aOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.24-1.47; referent no prediabetes) had increased odds of remaining undiagnosed. After adjusting for age, race, and index HbA1c , remaining undiagnosed was associated with lower odds of initiating metformin (aOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.05-0.07). CONCLUSIONS Almost one-third of adults with an elevated HbA1c value were not diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes within 1 year. Undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes, in turn, was associated with differences in early care. Strategies that leverage the electronic health record to facilitate earlier diagnosis may help reduce delays and allow for early intervention towards the goal of improved outcomes.
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MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES I (Oral). Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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P3.01-06 Concomitant Plasma-Genotyped T790M Positivity and Small Cell Carcinoma Transformation in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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P3.13-16 Concomitant EML4-ALK Rearrangement and EGFR Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Data from Eastern Indian Hospital. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Vulnerabilities and risks of HIV infection among migrants in the Thane district, India. Public Health 2018; 164:49-56. [PMID: 30189388 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the vulnerabilities and risks of HIV infection among female migrants compared with male migrants in the Thane district of Maharashtra, India. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study. METHODS Data from 35,841 migrants (men 96.2% and women 3.8%) were collected using the web-based 'Migrant Service Delivery System.' The data were then analysed in SPSS, version 23.0. Statistical analysis, including Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression, was used to identify factors influencing HIV infection for both male and female migrants. RESULTS It was observed that 2.96% of female migrants had HIV infection compared with 0.77% of male migrants. We found that 12.1% of women consumed alcohol compared with 41.9% of men, and access to bars was 1.5% among women and 3.5% in men. We observed an even larger difference between men and women in their previous history of using brothels for sex; only 5.9% of female migrants reported previously having used brothels for sex, compared with 62.9% of male migrants. Approximately 12.3% of married women and 93.6% of married men had sex with someone other than their spouse. We found that 67.0% of married women and 73.9% of married men reported using a condom during their last sexual act compared with 60.9% of unmarried women and 68.1% of unmarried men. CONCLUSIONS In Thane, female migrants faced higher vulnerabilities and risks of HIV infection than male migrants. Consequently, innovative strategies are required to address these particular needs of female migrants.
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Bioactivity of some divalent M(II) complexes of penicillin based Schiff base ligand: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and thermal study. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Isoniazid induces apoptosis: Role of oxidative stress and inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Life Sci 2018; 199:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as Adjuvants to Low Dose Opioid in Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:389-396. [PMID: 29769507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increase in sympathetic activity as a result of cardiovascular stress response to laryngoscopy can be detrimental to the patient. The primary objective is to compare intravenous dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvants to low dose opioid (fentanyl) for attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The secondary objectives are to compare the perioperative dose requirement of fentanyl and thiopentone, to compare the duration of postoperative analgesia, and to look for side effects in all three groups. This randomized controlled trial was performed in a tertiary care hospital in North India from November 2012 to April 2014. One hundred twenty (120) patients (ASA I or II) posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Group D received intravenous dexmedetomidine (1μg/kg) with intravenous fentanyl (1μg/kg), Group C received intravenous clonidine (1μg/kg) with intravenous fentanyl (1μg/kg) and Group F received intravenous fentanyl (2μg/kg). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded at baseline, after study drug at 5, 10 & 15 minutes, after induction, intubation (0 min) and 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 minutes after intubation. The required perioperative doses of thiopentone and fentanyl, and time to first rescue analgesia given in postoperative period were also noted. One way ANOVA and Repeated Measures ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons (if applicable) were used for data analysis. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The rise in HR and MAP at laryngoscopy and intubation was found to be less in clonidine group as compared to fentanyl group and dexmedetomidine was able to abolish this rise completely. The requirement of thiopentone and fentanyl were significantly least in dexmedetomidine group and the duration of time to first rescue analgesia was significantly prolonged in clonidine group. Intravenous fentanyl (2μg/kg) failed, addition of clonidine to fentanyl was able to partially blunt it, but the addition of dexmedetomidine to fentanyl completely abolished the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.
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Effects of Percutaneous LVAD Support on Right Ventricular Load and Adaptation Acutely and Over Time. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Health care resource use, health care expenditures and absenteeism costs associated with osteoarthritis in US healthcare system. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:480-484. [PMID: 29269328 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We determined incremental health care resource utilization, incremental health care expenditures, incremental absenteeism, and incremental absenteeism costs associated with osteoarthritis. DESIGN Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for 2011 was used as data source. Individuals 18 years or older and employed during 2011 were eligible for inclusion in the sample for analyses. Individuals with osteoarthritis were identified based on ICD-9-CM codes. Incremental health care resource utilization included annual hospitalization, hospital days, emergency room visits and outpatient visits. Incremental health expenditures included annual inpatient, outpatient, emergency room, medications, miscellaneous and annual total expenditures. RESULTS Of the total sample, 1354 were diagnosed with osteoarthritis, and compared to non osteoarthritis individuals. Incremental resource utilization, expenditures, absenteeism and absenteeism costs were estimated using regression models, adjusting for age, gender, sex, region, marital status, insurance coverage, comorbidities, anxiety, asthma, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Regression models revealed incremental mean annual resource use associated with osteoarthritis of 0.07 hospitalizations, equal to 70 additional hospitalizations per 100 osteoarthritic patients annually, and 3.63 outpatient visits, equal to 363 additional visits per 100 osteoarthritic patients annually. Mean annual incremental total expenditures associated with osteoarthritis were $2046. Annually, mean incremental expenditures were largest for inpatient expenditures at $826, followed by mean incremental outpatient expenditures of $659, and mean incremental medication expenditures of $325. Mean annual incremental absenteeism was 2.2 days and mean annual incremental absenteeism costs were $715.74. Total direct expenditures were estimated at $41.7 billion. CONCLUSION Osteoarthritis was associated with significant incremental health care resource utilization, expenditures, absenteeism and absenteeism costs.
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Spectrum of hemostatic disorders in Indian females presenting with bleeding manifestations. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:437-441. [PMID: 29575615 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hemostatic disorders are often missed in women with bleeding particularly menorrhagia. Preexisting hemostatic disorders are now known as common risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage and prolonged bleeding in puerperium. Females with bleeding complaints constitute an important population referred to hematology clinic. Hence, we aim to evaluate the type and frequency of hemostatic disorders among females presenting with bleeding in a tertiary care hospital and a basic hemostatic laboratory. METHODS Three-year data were retrospectively analyzed for 200 females with various bleeding complaints. Due to resource constraints, a hemostatic workup was done with prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen assay, clot solubility test, mixing studies, specific factor assays, platelet function test, and von Willebrand factor antigen level. RESULTS A total of 200 females were investigated to identify the cause of their bleeding. Thirty-five of 200 (17.5%) females were found with an underlying bleeding disorder. Of these 35 females, 65.7% presented with bleeding from more than 1 site. Most common bleeding manifestation was spontaneous bruising in 18 of 35 (51.4%) patients followed by petechiae (48.6%). Inherited bleeding disorders were noted in majority. The most common inherited bleeding disorder identified was von Willebrand disease (VWD) in 34.3% females. Second most common disorder was Glanzmann's thrombasthenia accounting for 22.8%. Rare coagulation factor deficiency, such as factors VII, X, and XIII deficiencies, was noted. Three cases revealed acquired causes of coagulation defects. CONCLUSION Underlying hemostatic defects should be searched for in women with unexplained bleeding complaints. This will not only help in diagnosis but also in proper management for future hemostatic challenges.
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Optimization of treatment modality in elderly end-stage renal disease population: Peritoneal dialysis versus transplant. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:433-440. [PMID: 30647497 PMCID: PMC6309383 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_305_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite kidney transplantation (KT) being considered as the best treatment modality for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), patient and graft survival in the elderly population is poorer than younger individuals. Many authors argue that prolonged life expectancy outweighs the risk of remaining on dialysis, but few studies had compared the treatment modalities, especially with peritoneal dialysis (PD). A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care institute to compare outcome of elderly ESRD patients, who received KT with those continued on PD; and to evaluate the predictors of patient survival. Patient survival at 1 year was (76.2% vs. 91.1%); 5 years (53.7% vs. 21.8%); and 10 years (35.6% vs. 0.00%) among KT and PD population, respectively. Infection was the most common cause of death among KT group (35 [41.2%] vs. 34 [28.2%]) while cardiovascular mortality in PD group (55 [46.2%] vs. 7 [8.2%]). Technique survival at 1, 5, and 10 years in PD group was 92.8%, 58.5%, and 0%, respectively. Similarly, graft survival at 1, 5, and 10 years in KT group was 98.7%, 90.2%, and 90.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed body mass index (BMI) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.93, p < 0.001), and albumin (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37–0.80, p = 0.002) were significant predictors of survival. In the 1st year, patient survival was better in PD than KT, but after adjustment for BMI and albumin, both short-term and long-term survival in elderly KT group was better than that of PD. Hence, elderly ESRD patients should not be barred from KT just because of age.
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Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin: As a Predictor of Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J Nephrol 2018. [PMID: 29515302 PMCID: PMC5830810 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_96_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to look for diagnostic and prognostic role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in early diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes individuals. NGAL was measured in both urinary and serum sample of 144 type 2 diabetes individuals stratified into three categories based on urinary albumin-creatinine ratio and 54 control populations with estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum creatinine <1.2 mg/dl. The serum NGAL (sNGAL), urine NGAL (uNGAL), and uNGAL/urine creatinine were significantly higher in diabetic individuals than in the control populations with significant difference in between the groups (P < 0.05). Difference of above values between control value and normoalbuminuria was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Again, sNGAL and uNGAL correlate positively with albuminuria (P < 0.05). Tubular injury may precede glomerular injury in diabetic individuals, and NGAL can be used as a biomarker to diagnose DN even earlier to incipient nephropathy. Both sNGAL and uNGAL can predict albuminuria and be used as a noninvasive tool for diagnosis, staging, and progression of DN.
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PUB084 Unusual Morphological Variants of Lung Tumors - a Diagnostic Challenge: A Short Series from Eastern India. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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P2.15-002 Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC): An Experience From Eastern Indian Hospital. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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