1
|
Wang W, Shi K, Wang X, Zhang Y, Qin B, Zhang Y, Woolway RI. Author Correction: The impact of extreme heat on lake warming in China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:578. [PMID: 38233461 PMCID: PMC10794175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Geography & Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Geography & Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - R Iestyn Woolway
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meyer MF, Topp SN, King TV, Ladwig R, Pilla RM, Dugan HA, Eggleston JR, Hampton SE, Leech DM, Oleksy IA, Ross JC, Ross MRV, Woolway RI, Yang X, Brousil MR, Fickas KC, Padowski JC, Pollard AI, Ren J, Zwart JA. National-scale remotely sensed lake trophic state from 1984 through 2020. Sci Data 2024; 11:77. [PMID: 38228637 PMCID: PMC10791641 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lake trophic state is a key ecosystem property that integrates a lake's physical, chemical, and biological processes. Despite the importance of trophic state as a gauge of lake water quality, standardized and machine-readable observations are uncommon. Remote sensing presents an opportunity to detect and analyze lake trophic state with reproducible, robust methods across time and space. We used Landsat surface reflectance data to create the first compendium of annual lake trophic state for 55,662 lakes of at least 10 ha in area throughout the contiguous United States from 1984 through 2020. The dataset was constructed with FAIR data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reproducible) in mind, where data are publicly available, relational keys from parent datasets are retained, and all data wrangling and modeling routines are scripted for future reuse. Together, this resource offers critical data to address basic and applied research questions about lake water quality at a suite of spatial and temporal scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Meyer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Yang
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Kate C Fickas
- U.S. Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang W, Shi K, Wang X, Zhang Y, Qin B, Zhang Y, Woolway RI. The impact of extreme heat on lake warming in China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:70. [PMID: 38167519 PMCID: PMC10762129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Global lake ecosystems are subjected to an increased occurrence of heat extremes, yet their impact on lake warming remains poorly understood. In this study, we employed a hybrid physically-based/statistical model to assess the contribution of heat extremes to variations in surface water temperature of 2260 lakes in China from 1985 to 2022. Our study indicates that heat extremes are increasing at a rate of about 2.08 days/decade and an intensity of about 0.03 °C/ day·decade in China. The warming rate of lake surface water temperature decreases from 0.16 °C/decade to 0.13 °C/decade after removing heat extremes. Heat extremes exert a considerable influence on long-term lake surface temperature changes, contributing 36.5% of the warming trends within the studied lakes. Given the important influence of heat extremes on the mean warming of lake surface waters, it is imperative that they are adequately accounted for in climate impact studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Geography & Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Geography & Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - R Iestyn Woolway
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li N, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Shi K, Qian H, Yang H, Niu Y, Qin B, Zhu G, Woolway RI, Jeppesen E. The unprecedented 2022 extreme summer heatwaves increased harmful cyanobacteria blooms. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165312. [PMID: 37414191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Heatwaves are increasing and expected to intensify in coming decades with global warming. However, direct evidence and knowledge of the mechanisms of the effects of heatwaves on harmful cyanobacteria blooms are limited and unclear. In 2022, we measured chlorophyll-a (Chla) at 20-s intervals based on a novel ground-based proximal sensing system (GBPSs) in the shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu and combined in situ Chla measurements with meteorological data to explore the impacts of heatwaves on cyanobacterial blooms and the potential relevant mechanisms. We found that three unprecedented summer heatwaves (July 4-15, July 22-August 16, and August 18-23) lasting a total of 44 days were observed with average maximum air temperatures (MATs) of 38.1 ± 1.9 °C, 38.7 ± 1.9 °C, and 40.2 ± 2.1 °C, respectively, and that these heatwaves were characterized by high air temperature, strong PAR, low wind speed and rainfall. The daily Chla significantly increased with increasing MAT and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and decreasing wind speed, revealing a clear promotion effect on harmful cyanobacteria blooms from the heatwaves. Moreover, the combined effects of high temperature, strong PAR and low wind, enhanced the stability of the water column, the light availability and the phosphorus release from the sediment which ultimately boosted cyanobacteria blooms. The projected increase in heatwave occurrence under future climate change underscores the urgency of reducing nutrient input to eutrophic lakes to combat cyanobacteria growth and of improving early warning systems to ensure secure water management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Haiming Qian
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huayin Yang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Yongkang Niu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China
| | - R Iestyn Woolway
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience and WATEC, Aarhus University, 6000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation (EKOSAM), Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 33731 Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Shi K, Zhang Y, Qin B, Zhang Y, Wang W, Woolway RI, Piao S, Jeppesen E. Climate change drives rapid warming and increasing heatwaves of lakes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1574-1584. [PMID: 37429775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change could seriously threaten global lake ecosystems by warming lake surface water and increasing the occurrence of lake heatwaves. Yet, there are great uncertainties in quantifying lake temperature changes globally due to a lack of accurate large-scale model simulations. Here, we integrated satellite observations and a numerical model to improve lake temperature modeling and explore the multifaceted characteristics of trends in surface temperatures and lake heatwave occurrence in Chinese lakes from 1980 to 2100. Our model-data integration approach revealed that the lake surface waters have warmed at a rate of 0.11 °C 10a-1 during the period 1980-2021, being only half of the pure model-based estimate. Moreover, our analysis suggested that an asymmetric seasonal warming rate has led to a reduced temperature seasonality in eastern plain lakes but an amplified one in alpine lakes. The durations of lake heatwaves have also increased at a rate of 7.7 d 10a-1. Under the high-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario, lake surface temperature and lake heatwave duration were projected to increase by 2.2 °C and 197 d at the end of the 21st century, respectively. Such drastic changes would worsen the environmental conditions of lakes subjected to high and increasing anthropogenic pressures, posing great threats to aquatic biodiversity and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Wang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weijia Wang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - R Iestyn Woolway
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100039, China; Limnology Laboratory, Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation (EKOSAM), Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdeneli-Mersin 33731, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Lake ecosystems are vulnerable to seasonal thermal cues, with subtle alterations in the timing of seasonal temperatures having a dramatic influence on aquatic species. Here, a measure of seasonal change in temperature is used to describe the pace of shifting seasons in lakes. Since 1980 spring and summer temperatures in Northern Hemisphere lakes have arrived earlier (2.0- and 4.3-days decade-1, respectively), whilst the arrival of autumn has been delayed (1.5-days decade-1) and the summer season lengthened (5.6-days decade-1). This century, under a high-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario, current spring and summer temperatures will arrive even earlier (3.3- and 8.3-days decade-1, respectively), autumn temperatures will arrive later (3.1-days decade-1), and the summer season will lengthen further (12.1-days decade-1). These seasonal alterations will be much slower under a low-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario. Changes in seasonal temperatures will benefit some species, by prolonging the growing season, but negatively impact others, by leading to phenological mismatches in critical activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Iestyn Woolway
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu T, Imrit MA, Movahedinia Z, Kong J, Woolway RI, Sharma S. Climate tracking by freshwater fishes suggests that fish diversity in temperate lakes may be increasingly threatened by climate warming. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wu
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Jude Kong
- Department of Mathematics York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Our planet is being subjected to unprecedented climate change, with far-reaching social and ecological repercussions. Below the waterline, aquatic ecosystems are being affected by multiple climate-related and anthropogenic stressors, the combined effects of which are poorly understood and rarely appreciated at the global stage. A striking consequence of climate change on aquatic ecosystems is that many are experiencing shorter periods of ice cover, as well as earlier and longer summer stratified seasons, which often result in a cascade of ecological and environmental consequences, such as warmer summer water temperatures, alterations in lake mixing and water levels, declines in dissolved oxygen, increased likelihood of cyanobacterial algal blooms, and the loss of habitat for native cold-water fisheries. The repercussions of a changing climate include impacts on freshwater supplies, water quality, biodiversity, and the ecosystem benefits that they provide to society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Iestyn Woolway
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, England and with the School of Ocean Sciences at Bangor University in Anglesey, Wales
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Smol
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Woolway RI, Jennings E, Shatwell T, Golub M, Pierson DC, Maberly SC. Lake heatwaves under climate change. Nature 2021; 589:402-407. [PMID: 33473224 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lake ecosystems, and the organisms that live within them, are vulnerable to temperature change1-5, including the increased occurrence of thermal extremes6. However, very little is known about lake heatwaves-periods of extreme warm lake surface water temperature-and how they may change under global warming. Here we use satellite observations and a numerical model to investigate changes in lake heatwaves for hundreds of lakes worldwide from 1901 to 2099. We show that lake heatwaves will become hotter and longer by the end of the twenty-first century. For the high-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5), the average intensity of lake heatwaves, defined relative to the historical period (1970 to 1999), will increase from 3.7 ± 0.1 to 5.4 ± 0.8 degrees Celsius and their average duration will increase dramatically from 7.7 ± 0.4 to 95.5 ± 35.3 days. In the low-greenhouse-gas-emission RCP 2.6 scenario, heatwave intensity and duration will increase to 4.0 ± 0.2 degrees Celsius and 27.0 ± 7.6 days, respectively. Surface heatwaves are longer-lasting but less intense in deeper lakes (up to 60 metres deep) than in shallower lakes during both historic and future periods. As lakes warm during the twenty-first century7,8, their heatwaves will begin to extend across multiple seasons, with some lakes reaching a permanent heatwave state. Lake heatwaves are likely to exacerbate the adverse effects of long-term warming in lakes and exert widespread influence on their physical structure and chemical properties. Lake heatwaves could alter species composition by pushing aquatic species and ecosystems to the limits of their resilience. This in turn could threaten lake biodiversity9 and the key ecological and economic benefits that lakes provide to society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Iestyn Woolway
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland. .,European Space Agency Climate Office, ECSAT, Didcot, UK.
| | - Eleanor Jennings
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Tom Shatwell
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Golub
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Don C Pierson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stockwell JD, Doubek JP, Adrian R, Anneville O, Carey CC, Carvalho L, De Senerpont Domis LN, Dur G, Frassl MA, Grossart H, Ibelings BW, Lajeunesse MJ, Lewandowska AM, Llames ME, Matsuzaki SS, Nodine ER, Nõges P, Patil VP, Pomati F, Rinke K, Rudstam LG, Rusak JA, Salmaso N, Seltmann CT, Straile D, Thackeray SJ, Thiery W, Urrutia‐Cordero P, Venail P, Verburg P, Woolway RI, Zohary T, Andersen MR, Bhattacharya R, Hejzlar J, Janatian N, Kpodonu ATNK, Williamson TJ, Wilson HL. Storm impacts on phytoplankton community dynamics in lakes. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:2756-2784. [PMID: 32133744 PMCID: PMC7216882 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In many regions across the globe, extreme weather events such as storms have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change. Ecological theory predicts that such extreme events should have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. High winds and precipitation associated with storms can affect lakes via short-term runoff events from watersheds and physical mixing of the water column. In addition, lakes connected to rivers and streams will also experience flushing due to high flow rates. Although we have a well-developed understanding of how wind and precipitation events can alter lake physical processes and some aspects of biogeochemical cycling, our mechanistic understanding of the emergent responses of phytoplankton communities is poor. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis that identifies how storms interact with lake and watershed attributes and their antecedent conditions to generate changes in lake physical and chemical environments. Such changes can restructure phytoplankton communities and their dynamics, as well as result in altered ecological function (e.g., carbon, nutrient and energy cycling) in the short- and long-term. We summarize the current understanding of storm-induced phytoplankton dynamics, identify knowledge gaps with a systematic review of the literature, and suggest future research directions across a gradient of lake types and environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Woolway RI, Simpson JH, Spiby D, Feuchtmayr H, Powell B, Maberly SC. Physical and chemical impacts of a major storm on a temperate lake: a taste of things to come? Clim Change 2018; 151:333-347. [PMID: 30930507 PMCID: PMC6404735 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-018-2302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather can have a substantial influence on lakes and is expected to become more frequent with climate change. We explored the influence of one particular extreme event, Storm Ophelia, on the physical and chemical environment of England's largest lake, Windermere. We found that the substantial influence of Ophelia on meteorological conditions at Windermere, in particular wind speed, resulted in a 25-fold increase (relative to the study-period average) in the wind energy flux at the lake-air interface. Following Ophelia, there was a short-lived mixing event in which the Schmidt stability decreased by over 100 Jm-2 and the thermocline deepened by over 10 m during a 12-h period. As a result of changes to the strength of stratification, Ophelia also changed the internal seiche regime of Windermere with the dominant seiche period increasing from ~ 17 h pre-storm to ~ 21 h post-storm. Following Ophelia, there was an upwelling of cold and low-oxygenated waters at the southern-end of the lake. This had a substantial influence on the main outflow of Windermere, the River Leven, where dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased by ~ 48%, from 9.3 to 4.8 mg L-1, while at the mid-lake monitoring station in Windermere, it decreased by only ~ 3%. This study illustrates that the response of a lake to extreme weather can cause important effects downstream, the influence of which may not be evident at the lake surface. To understand the impact of future extreme events fully, the whole lake and downstream-river system need to be studied together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John H. Simpson
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | | | | | - Ben Powell
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Summer lake surface water temperatures (LSWTs) have previously been shown to respond more rapidly to climatic warming compared to local summer surface air temperatures (SATs). In a global-scale analysis, we explore the factors underpinning the observation of an amplified response of summer LSWT to SAT variability using 20 years of satellite-derived temperatures from 144 lakes. We demonstrate that the degree of amplification in inter-annual summer LSWT is variable, and is greater for cold lakes (e.g. high latitude and high altitude), which are characterised by a short warming season, and deep lakes, that exhibit long correlation timescales of temperature anomalies due to increased thermal inertia. Such lakes are more likely to display responses in excess of local inter-annual summer SAT variability. Climatic modification of LSWT has numerous consequences for water quality and lake ecosystems, so quantifying this amplified response at a global scale is important.
Collapse
|
13
|
Weyhenmeyer GA, Mackay M, Stockwell JD, Thiery W, Grossart HP, Augusto-Silva PB, Baulch HM, de Eyto E, Hejzlar J, Kangur K, Kirillin G, Pierson DC, Rusak JA, Sadro S, Woolway RI. Citizen science shows systematic changes in the temperature difference between air and inland waters with global warming. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43890. [PMID: 28262715 PMCID: PMC5338347 DOI: 10.1038/srep43890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Citizen science projects have a long history in ecological studies. The research usefulness of such projects is dependent on applying simple and standardized methods. Here, we conducted a citizen science project that involved more than 3500 Swedish high school students to examine the temperature difference between surface water and the overlying air (Tw-Ta) as a proxy for sensible heat flux (QH). If QH is directed upward, corresponding to positive Tw-Ta, it can enhance CO2 and CH4 emissions from inland waters, thereby contributing to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The students found mostly negative Tw-Ta across small ponds, lakes, streams/rivers and the sea shore (i.e. downward QH), with Tw-Ta becoming increasingly negative with increasing Ta. Further examination of Tw-Ta using high-frequency temperature data from inland waters across the globe confirmed that Tw-Ta is linearly related to Ta. Using the longest available high-frequency temperature time series from Lake Erken, Sweden, we found a rapid increase in the occasions of negative Tw-Ta with increasing annual mean Ta since 1989. From these results, we can expect that ongoing and projected global warming will result in increasingly negative Tw-Ta, thereby reducing CO2 and CH4 transfer velocities from inland waters into the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gesa A Weyhenmeyer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Murray Mackay
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Str. Toronto, Ontario, M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Jason D Stockwell
- Rubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory, University of Vermont, 3 College Street, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA
| | - Wim Thiery
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhuette 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pétala B Augusto-Silva
- Remote Sensing Department, National Institute of Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helen M Baulch
- School of Environment and Sustainability and Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| | | | - Josef Hejzlar
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Külli Kangur
- Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 61117 Rannu, Estonia
| | - Georgiy Kirillin
- Dept. of Ecohydrology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Don C Pierson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James A Rusak
- Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, P0A 1E0, Dorset, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Canada
| | - Steven Sadro
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Woolway RI, Jones ID, Maberly SC, French JR, Livingstone DM, Monteith DT, Simpson GL, Thackeray SJ, Andersen MR, Battarbee RW, DeGasperi CL, Evans CD, de Eyto E, Feuchtmayr H, Hamilton DP, Kernan M, Krokowski J, Rimmer A, Rose KC, Rusak JA, Ryves DB, Scott DR, Shilland EM, Smyth RL, Staehr PA, Thomas R, Waldron S, Weyhenmeyer GA. Diel Surface Temperature Range Scales with Lake Size. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152466. [PMID: 27023200 PMCID: PMC4811584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological and biogeochemical processes in lakes are strongly dependent upon water temperature. Long-term surface warming of many lakes is unequivocal, but little is known about the comparative magnitude of temperature variation at diel timescales, due to a lack of appropriately resolved data. Here we quantify the pattern and magnitude of diel temperature variability of surface waters using high-frequency data from 100 lakes. We show that the near-surface diel temperature range can be substantial in summer relative to long-term change and, for lakes smaller than 3 km2, increases sharply and predictably with decreasing lake area. Most small lakes included in this study experience average summer diel ranges in their near-surface temperatures of between 4 and 7°C. Large diel temperature fluctuations in the majority of lakes undoubtedly influence their structure, function and role in biogeochemical cycles, but the full implications remain largely unexplored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Iestyn Woolway
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian D. Jones
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C. Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Jon R. French
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Livingstone
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Donald T. Monteith
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin L. Simpson
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mikkel R. Andersen
- Freshwater Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard W. Battarbee
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Curtis L. DeGasperi
- King County Water & Land Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Heidrun Feuchtmayr
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Hamilton
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Martin Kernan
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Krokowski
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, ASB Eurocentral, North Lanarkshire, Scotland
| | - Alon Rimmer
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, Israel
| | - Kevin C. Rose
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James A. Rusak
- Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Dorset, Ontario, Canada
| | - David B. Ryves
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Scott
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan M. Shilland
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn L. Smyth
- Center for Environmental Policy, Bard College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Staehr
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rhian Thomas
- Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru/Natural Resources Wales, Maes-y-Ffynnon, Bangor, Wales
| | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical and Earth Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Read EK, Patil VP, Oliver SK, Hetherington AL, Brentrup JA, Zwart JA, Winters KM, Corman JR, Nodine ER, Woolway RI, Dugan HA, Jaimes A, Santoso AB, Hong GS, Winslow LA, Hanson PC, Weathers KC. The importance of lake-specific characteristics for water quality across the continental United States. Ecol Appl 2015; 25:943-55. [PMID: 26465035 DOI: 10.1890/14-0935.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lake water quality is affected by local and regional drivers, including lake physical characteristics, hydrology, landscape position, land cover, land use, geology, and climate. Here, we demonstrate the utility of hypothesis testing within the landscape limnology framework using a random forest algorithm on a national-scale, spatially explicit data set, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's 2007 National Lakes Assessment. For 1026 lakes, we tested the relative importance of water quality drivers across spatial scales, the importance of hydrologic connectivity in mediating water quality drivers, and how the importance of both spatial scale and connectivity differ across response variables for five important in-lake water quality metrics (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, turbidity, and conductivity). By modeling the effect of water quality predictors at different spatial scales, we found that lake-specific characteristics (e.g., depth, sediment area-to-volume ratio) were important for explaining water quality (54-60% variance explained), and that regionalization schemes were much less effective than lake specific metrics (28-39% variance explained). Basin-scale land use and land cover explained between 45-62% of variance, and forest cover and agricultural land uses were among the most important basin-scale predictors. Water quality drivers did not operate independently; in some cases, hydrologic connectivity (the presence of upstream surface water features) mediated the effect of regional-scale drivers. For example, for water quality in lakes with upstream lakes, regional classification schemes were much less effective predictors than lake-specific variables, in contrast to lakes with no upstream lakes or with no surface inflows. At the scale of the continental United States, conductivity was explained by drivers operating at larger spatial scales than for other water quality responses. The current regulatory practice of using regionalization schemes to guide water quality criteria could be improved by consideration of lake-specific characteristics, which were the most important predictors of water quality at the scale of the continental United States. The spatial extent and high quality of contextual data available for this analysis makes this work an unprecedented application of landscape limnology theory to water quality data. Further, the demonstrated importance of lake morphology over other controls on water quality is relevant to both aquatic scientists and managers.
Collapse
|