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Rice P, Daly K, Tuohy P, Murnane JG, Nag R, Fenton O. Evaluating connectivity risk of farm roadway runoff with waters - Development and sensitivity analysis of a semi quantitative risk model. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158114. [PMID: 35988624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Farm roadways are an important sub-component of the nutrient transfer continuum (NTC) and roadway runoff (RR), leading to nutrient pressures in receiving waters at different times of the year at catchment scale. This study developed a semi-quantitative risk assessment model for dairy farms that once populated with data identifies roadway sections where RR enters waters. The model contains parameters that represent source, mobilisation and transport-connectivity stages of the NTC defined as continuous or categorical variables. Each parameter has a corresponding scoring system in terms of connectivity likelihood to waters (L) and the associated impact on water quality (I) from which field data can be converted to a risk score (RS). The connectivity or impact risk of any roadway section is a sum of all parameter scores, i.e. 'Total Risk Score' (TRS). The risk scores were classified into 5 categories (very low, low, moderate, high and very high). Field data from seven farms enabled five equal interval risk score classifications to be developed (very low (110-134), low (135-158), moderate (159-182), high (183-206), very high (207-230)). Fieldwork data showed differences between the number of mapped roadway sections ranging from 35 to 76, with the lowest and highest risk scores being 110 and 230, respectively. Out of all sections scored 25.9 %, 45.6 %, 20.4 %, 6.4 %, and 2 % were in very low, low, moderate, high and very high categories, respectively. In terms of management, only 8.4 % (i.e. high or very high scores) had all components of the NTC and required RR mitigation. An examination of the mobilisation parameter showed that the % of roadway sections needing mitigation is likely to increase if rainfall increases on these farms. An uncertainty assessment limiting the model to different levels of connectivity confirmed that all components of the NTC and those with greater than moderate risk should only be considered in future mitigation plans. Future work should concentrate on adapting this methodology to a wide range of farm enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rice
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Wexford, Ireland
| | - K Daly
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Wexford, Ireland
| | - P Tuohy
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland
| | - J G Murnane
- School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - R Nag
- University College Dublin School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - O Fenton
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Wexford, Ireland.
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Nolan S, Thorn CE, Ashekuzzaman SM, Kavanagh I, Nag R, Bolton D, Cummins E, O'Flaherty V, Abram F, Richards K, Fenton O. Landspreading with co-digested cattle slurry, with or without pasteurisation, as a mitigation strategy against pathogen, nutrient and metal contamination associated with untreated slurry. Sci Total Environ 2020; 744:140841. [PMID: 32755776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
North Atlantic European grassland systems have a low nutrient use efficiency and high rainfall. This grassland is typically amended with unprocessed slurry, which counteracts soil organic matter depletion and provides essential plant micronutrients but can be mobilised during rainfall events thereby contributing to pathogen, nutrient and metal incidental losses. Co-digesting slurry with waste from food processing mitigates agriculture-associated environmental impacts but may alter microbial, nutrient and metal profiles and their transmission to watercourses, and/or soil persistence, grass yield and uptake. The impact of EU and alternative pasteurisation regimes on transmission potential of these various pollutants is not clearly understood, particularly in pasture-based agricultural systems. This study utilized simulated rainfall (Amsterdam drip-type) at a high intensity indicative of a worst-case scenario of ~11 mm hr-1 applied to plots 1, 2, 15 and 30 days after grassland application of slurry, unpasteurised digestate, pasteurised digestate (two conditions) and untreated controls. Runoff and soil samples were collected and analysed for a suite of potential pollutants including bacteria, nutrients and metals following rainfall simulation. Grass samples were collected for three months following application to assess yield as well as nutrient and metal uptake. For each environmental parameter tested: microbial, nutrient and metal runoff losses; accumulation in soil and uptake in grass, digestate from anaerobic co-digestion of slurry with food processing waste resulted in lower pollution potential than traditional landspreading of slurry without treatment. Reduced microbial runoff from digestate was the most prominent advantage of digestate application. Pasteurisation of the digestate further augmented those environmental benefits, without impacting grass output. Anaerobic co-digestion of slurry is therefore a multi-beneficial circular approach to reducing impacts of livestock production on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nolan
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland; Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - C E Thorn
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - S M Ashekuzzaman
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - I Kavanagh
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - R Nag
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Bolton
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - E Cummins
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - V O'Flaherty
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - F Abram
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - K Richards
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - O Fenton
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland.
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Nag R, Raza H, Kumar S, Seal R, Banerjee A, Paul RR, Pal M, Chatterjee J, Das RK. Detection and analysis of abnormal nuclear changes in oral cytological smears by Papanicolaou staining. Cytopathology 2017; 29:112-114. [PMID: 29205596 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Nag
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - H Raza
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Dental and Oral Surgery, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - R Seal
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - A Banerjee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - R R Paul
- Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - M Pal
- Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - J Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - R K Das
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, VIT University, Vellore, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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Abstract
The provision of radio medical advice by the National Health Service for British coastal waters has developed in an ad hoc fashion. In 1999, the closure of one of the two centres providing such advice led to unexpected problems. The demographic characteristics of the offshore population covered by each centre were markedly different and this resulted in a different spectrum of medical emergencies presenting to the sole remaining centre. Subsequent data collection of the details of medical emergencies presenting from offshore allowed an audit to inform the development of training packages for both base and remote practitioners. This has led to an ongoing national rationalization of ship-to-shore radio medical advice for the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aujla
- Accident and Emergency Department, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
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Nag R, Mukherjee SN, Sanyal S. Energy levels of a muonic hydrogen atom with the use of a quark model. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1991; 44:1709-1712. [PMID: 9967584 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.44.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Nag R, Sanyal S, Mukherjee SN. Electromagnetic structure of the proton and baryon spectrum in the nonrelativistic quark model. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1987; 36:2788-2799. [PMID: 9958497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.36.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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