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Lee C, Shin M, Eniyandunmo D, Anwar A, Kim E, Kim K, Yoo JK, Lee C. Predicting Driver's mental workload using physiological signals: A functional data analysis approach. Appl Ergon 2024; 118:104274. [PMID: 38521001 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of advanced driver-assistance systems on drivers' mental workload. Using a combination of physiological signals including ECG, EMG, EDA, EEG (af4 and fc6 channels from the theta band), and eye diameter data, this study aims to predict and categorize drivers' mental workload into low, adequate, and high levels. Data were collected from five different driving situations with varying cognitive demands. A functional linear regression model was employed for prediction, and the accuracy rate was calculated. Among the 31 tested combinations of physiological variables, 9 combinations achieved the highest accuracy result of 90%. These results highlight the potential benefits of utilizing raw physiological signal data and employing functional data analysis methods to understand and assess driver mental workload. The findings of this study have implications for the design and improvement of driver-assistance systems to optimize safety and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyoung Lee
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - MinJu Shin
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - David Eniyandunmo
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Alvee Anwar
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Eunsik Kim
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kyongwon Kim
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Keun Yoo
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chris Lee
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Smith R. How could a radio broadcast on self-examination have avoided creating misperceptions? BMJ 2024; 385:q1100. [PMID: 38754901 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
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Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of smart radio environments, currently intensely studied for wireless communication in metasurface-programmable meter-scaled environments (e.g., inside rooms), on the chip scale. Wireless networks-on-chips (WNoCs) are a candidate technology to improve inter-core communication on chips but current proposals are plagued by a dilemma: either the received signal is weak, or it is significantly reverberated such that the on-off-keying modulation speed must be throttled. Here, this vexing problem is overcome by endowing the wireless on-chip environment with in situ programmability which enables the shaping of the channel impulse response (CIR); thereby, a pulse-like CIR shape can be imposed despite strong multipath propagation and without entailing a reduced received signal strength. First, a programmable metasurface suitable for integration in the on-chip environment ("on-chip reconfigurable intelligent surface") is designed and characterized. Second, its configuration is optimized to equalize selected wireless on-chip channels "over the air." Third, by conducting a rigorous communication analysis, the feasibility of significantly higher modulation speeds with shaped CIRs is evidenced. The results introduce a programmability paradigm to WNoCs which boosts their competitiveness as complementary on-chip interconnect solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza F. Imani
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Sergi Abadal
- NaNoNetworking Center in Catalunya (N3Cat)Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBarcelona08034Spain
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Zhang X, Li T, Gong P, Liu R, Zha X. Modulation Recognition of Communication Signals Based on Multimodal Feature Fusion. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6539. [PMID: 36080996 PMCID: PMC9460658 DOI: 10.3390/s22176539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modulation recognition is the indispensable part of signal interception analysis, which has always been the research hotspot in the field of radio communication. With the increasing complexity of the electromagnetic spectrum environment, interference in signal propagation becomes more and more serious. This paper proposes a modulation recognition scheme based on multimodal feature fusion, which attempts to improve the performance of modulation recognition under different channels. Firstly, different time- and frequency-domain features are extracted as the network input in the signal preprocessing stage. The residual shrinkage building unit with channel-wise thresholds (RSBU-CW) was used to construct deep convolutional neural networks to extract spatial features, which interact with time features extracted by LSTM in pairs to increase the diversity of the features. Finally, the PNN model was adapted to make the features extracted from the network cross-fused to enhance the complementarity between features. The simulation results indicated that the proposed scheme has better recognition performance than the existing feature fusion schemes, and it can also achieve good recognition performance in multipath fading channels. The test results of the public dataset, RadioML2018.01A, showed that recognition accuracy exceeds 95% when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reaches 8dB.
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Saaka M, Wemah K, Kizito F, Hoeschle-Zeledon I. Effect of nutrition behaviour change communication delivered through radio on mothers' nutritional knowledge, child feeding practices and growth. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e44. [PMID: 34164123 PMCID: PMC8190717 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood undernutrition coupled with poor feeding practices continues to be public health problems in many parts of the world and efforts to address them remain elusive. We tested the hypothesis that women who are exposed to radio health/nutrition education will demonstrate greater nutrition and health knowledge, positive attitudes towards preventive health and better dietary diversity practices for improved child growth. We used a two-arm, quasi-experimental, non-equivalent comparison group design with pre- and post-test observations to evaluate the intervention. The study population comprised 712 mothers with children aged 6-36 months who were randomly selected from five intervention districts and one comparison district in Northern Ghana. Difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was performed to assess study outcomes. After 12-month implementation of intervention activities, the minimum dietary diversity and the minimum acceptable diet improved significantly (DID 9⋅7 percentage points, P 0⋅014 and DID 12⋅1 percentage points, P 0⋅001, respectively) in the intervention study group, compared with the comparison group. Mothers in the intervention communities had a nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and practices score that was significantly higher than their colleagues in the comparison communities (DID 0⋅646, P < 0⋅001). The intervention did not have significant effects on the nutritional status as measured by height-for-age Z-score or weight-for-height Z-score. The data provide evidence that health and nutrition education using radio drama significantly increased health-/nutrition-related knowledge but had little effect on nutritional status.
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Key Words
- CF, complementary feeding
- DID, difference-in-difference
- IYCF, infant and young child feeding
- KAP, knowledge, attitudes and practices
- LAZ, length-for-age
- MAD, minimum acceptable diet
- MDD, minimum dietary diversity
- MM, mass media
- MMF, minimum meal frequency
- Minimum dietary diversity
- Mothers’ nutritional knowledge
- NKS, nutrition knowledge score
- Northern Ghana
- Nutrition education on radio
- Nutrition-related attitudes
- WAZ, weight-for-age
- WLZ, weight-for-length
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahama Saaka
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Khadija Wemah
- Ghana Health Service, Savelugu Nanton District Health Directorate, P.O. Box 45, Savelugu, Ghana
| | - Fred Kizito
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 6, Tamale, Ghana
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Cave KM, Kelley AM, Feltman KA, Gerstner JA, Stewart JL, Crowley JS. Aircrew Performance and Safety While Using Protective Masks in Response to Coronavirus Disease. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2021; 92:274-280. [PMID: 33752791 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.5751.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In response to the urgent need for safe aircrew respiratory protection due to the COVID-19 pandemic, three small descriptive evaluations were conducted with aircrew and air traffic controllers (ATC) that assessed the impact of mask use on safety and performance onboard rotary wing aircraft.METHODS: A series of evaluations assessed aircrew performance using the 3MTM Model 1860 N95 respiratory protection mask, two aviation-specific cloth mask prototypes, and a commercial off-the-shelf aviation-specific cloth mask. The series of evaluations included different sets of subjects consisting of up to five Black Hawk helicopter aircrew members, air traffic control (ATC), and 12 CH-47 aircrew members. The Modified Rhyme Test was used to measure speech intelligibility and was administered in the UH-60 among crewmembers of the same aircraft, between pilots of different aircraft, and between the pilots and ATC. Measures of workload, usability, comfort, and pulse oximetry were also administered.RESULTS: Results from the Modified Rhyme Test indicated that all subjects scored greater than 80% accuracy given the proper microphone positioning relative to the mask. With respect to workload, NASA-TLX total scores for the perform radio communications task was 50.83.DISCUSSION: Despite an elevated perceived degree of workload on the communications flight task, results from the speech intelligibility test indicated that performance was maintained within the acceptable range as defined by MIL-STD-1474E, Design Criteria Standard Noise Limit. This abbreviated evaluation suggests that the face masks tested are safe for use by helicopter aircrew under the conditions tested.Cave KM, Kelley AM, Feltman KA, Gerstner JA, Stewart JL, Crowley JS. Aircrew performance and safety while using protective masks in response to coronavirus disease. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4):274280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna Wise
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Perelló-Oliver S, Muela-Molina C, Romero-Rodríguez LM. Alcohol and Betting Radio Advertising in Spain. A Comparative Analysis of the Minor's Protection Time Slot from a Media Responsibility Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8873. [PMID: 33260322 PMCID: PMC7730536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This research analyzes the presence of advertising and radio mentions of alcoholic beverages and sports betting, two products that represent harmful behaviors for the audiences' health. To do this, a quantitative content analysis was undertaken for all of the programming of the three most listened radio stations in Spain (Cadena Ser, COPE, and Onda Cero) throughout 2017, obtaining a total corpus of 2848 radio messages distributed as follows: 266 radio spots and 2582 radio mentions. The messages were also analyzed according to the broadcasting schedules (protected time-slot or non-protected time-slot). The results showed that advertising and sports betting mentions were more present in the regular programming of the three stations (n = 2304), with mentions (n = 2582) being more numerous than advertising spots (n = 544). Moreover, it is evident that in practice, none of the radio stations respected the protected time slots since the majority of the mentions and spots of high alcoholic beverages and sports bets were verified between 6:00-21:59 (n = 2522). These results show the prevailing need for greater control over this type of content by public entities, demonstrating a significant lack of regulation by the media's self-control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Perelló-Oliver
- Department of Communication Sciences and Sociology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28492 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-O.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Clara Muela-Molina
- Department of Communication Sciences and Sociology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28492 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-O.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Luis M. Romero-Rodríguez
- Department of Communication Sciences and Sociology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28492 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-O.); (C.M.-M.)
- ESAI Business School, Universidad de Especialidades Espítiru Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
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Sengeh P, Jalloh MB, Webber N, Ngobeh I, Samba T, Thomas H, Nordenstedt H, Winters M. Community knowledge, perceptions and practices around COVID-19 in Sierra Leone: a nationwide, cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040328. [PMID: 32948576 PMCID: PMC7500298 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the public's knowledge, attitudes and practices about the novel coronavirus in Sierra Leone to inform an evidence-based communication strategy around COVID-19. DESIGN Nationwide, cross-sectional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey. SETTING 56 randomly selected communities in all 14 districts in Sierra Leone. PARTICIPANTS 1253 adults aged 18 years and older of which 52% were men. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We calculated proportions of core indicators (awareness, knowledge, risk perception, practices). A composite variable for knowledge (based on seven variables) was created, and categorised into low (0-2 correct), medium (3-4) and high (5-7). Predictors of knowledge were analysed with multilevel ordinal regression models. Associations between information sources, knowledge and two practices (washing hands with soap and avoiding crowds) were analysed using multilevel logistic regression models. RESULTS We found that 75% of the respondents felt at moderate or great risk of contracting coronavirus. A majority (70%) of women did not know you can survive COVID-19, compared with 61% of men. 60% of men and 54% of women had already taken action to avoid infection with the coronavirus, mostly washing hands with soap and water (87%). Radio (73%) was the most used source for COVID-19 information, followed by social media (39%). Having a medium or high level of knowledge was associated with higher odds of washing hands with soap (medium knowledge: adjusted OR (AOR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.4; high knowledge: AOR 4.6, 95% CI 2.1 to 10.2) and avoiding crowds (medium knowledge: AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6; high knowledge: AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.3). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that in the context of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone, there is a strong association between knowledge and practices. Because the knowledge gap differs between genders, regions, educational levels and age, it is important that messages are specifically targeted to these core audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sengeh
- Research and Evaluation, FOCUS1000, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mohammad B Jalloh
- Office of the Chief Executive Officer, FOCUS1000, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Nance Webber
- Communications Programme, FOCUS1000, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Ibrahim Ngobeh
- Research and Evaluation, FOCUS1000, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Thomas Samba
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Western Area, Sierra Leone
| | - Harold Thomas
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Western Area, Sierra Leone
| | - Helena Nordenstedt
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maike Winters
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Onwuegbuzie IU, Abd Razak S, Fauzi Isnin I, Darwish TSJ, Al-dhaqm A. Optimized backoff scheme for prioritized data in wireless sensor networks: A class of service approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237154. [PMID: 32797055 PMCID: PMC7428073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Data prioritization of heterogeneous data in wireless sensor networks gives meaning to mission-critical data that are time-sensitive as this may be a matter of life and death. However, the standard IEEE 802.15.4 does not consider the prioritization of data. Prioritization schemes proffered in the literature have not adequately addressed this issue as proposed schemes either uses a single or complex backoff algorithm to estimate backoff time-slots for prioritized data. Subsequently, the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance scheme exhibits an exponentially increasing range of backoff times. These approaches are not only inefficient but result in high latency and increased power consumption. In this article, the concept of class of service (CS) was adopted to prioritize heterogeneous data (real-time and non-real-time), resulting in an optimized prioritized backoff MAC scheme called Class of Service Traffic Priority-based Medium Access Control (CSTP-MAC). This scheme classifies data into high priority data (HPD) and low priority data (LPD) by computing backoff times with expressions peculiar to the data priority class. The improved scheme grants nodes the opportunity to access the shared medium in a timely and power-efficient manner. Benchmarked against contemporary schemes, CSTP-MAC attained a 99% packet delivery ratio with improved power saving capability, which translates to a longer operational lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Uzougbo Onwuegbuzie
- School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Computer Science, The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Shukor Abd Razak
- School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Fauzi Isnin
- School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Tasneem S. J. Darwish
- School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Arafat Al-dhaqm
- School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Cervantes-Rojas JS, Muñoz F, Chairez I, González-Hernández I, Salazar S. Adaptive tracking control of an unmanned aerial system based on a dynamic neural-fuzzy disturbance estimator. ISA Trans 2020; 101:309-326. [PMID: 32143852 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study is developing an adaptive controller which can solve the trajectory tracking for a class of quadcopter unmanned aerial system (UAS), namely a quadrotor. The control design introduces a new paradigm for adaptive controllers based on the implementation of a set of differential neural networks (DNNs) in the consequence section of a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy inference system. This dynamic fuzzy inference structure was used to approximate the UAS description. The particular form of interaction between neural networks and fuzzy inference systems proposed in the present work received the name of dynamic neural fuzzy system (DNFS). An adaptive controller based on this DNFS form was the main solution attained in this study. This DNFS controller was focused on the estimation and compensation of the uncertain section of the Quadrotor dynamics and then, forced the UAS to perform a hover flight while the tracking of desired angular positions succeeded, which results in tracking a desired trajectory in the X-Y plane. The control design methodology supported on the Lyapunov stability theory guaranteed ultimate boundedness of the estimation and tracking errors simultaneously. Several experimental tests in an outdoor environment by using a real Quadrotor platform was performed by using an RTK-GPS (Real Time Kinematic) system to determine the position of the vehicle in the X-Y plane. The experimental results confirmed the superior performance of the proposed algorithm based on the combination of DNNs and T-S techniques with respect to classical robust controllers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Cervantes-Rojas
- Cátedras CONACYT, CITIS, AACyE, ICBI, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, 42084 Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Filiberto Muñoz
- Cátedras CONACYT, UMI-LAFMIA, Cinvestav, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Isaac Chairez
- Bioprocesses Department, Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Biotechnology, National Polytechnic Institute, 07340 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Kimura T, Okamura T, Iwai K, Hashimoto Y, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, Hamaguchi M, Asano M, Yamazaki M, Fukui M. Japanese radio calisthenics prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass volume in people with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001027. [PMID: 32098897 PMCID: PMC7206923 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduction of muscle mass and strength is an important treatment target for patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have reported that high-intensity resistance training improves physical function; however, all patients found it difficult to perform high-intensity resistance training. Radio calisthenics, considered as therapeutic exercises to promote health in Japan, are simple exercises that can be performed regardless of age and help move the muscles and joints of the whole body effectively according to the rhythm of radio. We investigated the efficacy of radio calisthenics for muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes in this retrospective cohort study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 42 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) was calculated as appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2). We defined the change of SMI as the difference of SMI between the beginning and end of hospitalization. RESULTS Among 42 patients, 15 (11 men and 4 women) performed radio calisthenics. Body weights of both radio calisthenics exercisers and non-exercisers decreased during hospitalization. The change of SMI was significantly lesser in radio calisthenics exercisers than in non-exercisers (7.1±1.4 to 7.1±1.3, -0.01±0.09 vs 6.8±1.1 to 6.5±1.2, -0.27±0.06 kg/m2, p=0.016). The proportion of decreased SMI was 85.2% (23/27 patients) in non-radio calisthenics exercisers, whereas that in radio calisthenics exercisers was 46.7% (7/15 patients). CONCLUSIONS Radio calisthenics prevent the reduction of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, radio calisthenics can be considered effective for patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kimura
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwai
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Asano
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Hollands JG, Spivak T, Kramkowski EW. Cognitive Load and Situation Awareness for Soldiers: Effects of Message Presentation Rate and Sensory Modality. Hum Factors 2019; 61:763-773. [PMID: 30768371 DOI: 10.1177/0018720819825803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the influence of message presentation rate (MPR) and sensory modality on soldier cognitive load. BACKGROUND Soldiers commonly communicate tactical information by radio. The Canadian Army is equipping soldiers with a battle management system (BMS), which also allows them to communicate by text. METHOD We varied presentation modality (auditory vs. visual) and MPR (fast or slow) in an experiment involving a tactical scenario. Participants (soldiers) received messages and periodically provided situation reports to higher level command, and the scored reports were used to provide a measure of situation awareness (SA). The detection response task (DRT) and NASA-TLX were used to measure cognitive load. RESULTS The fast MPR reduced DRT accuracy and increased response times relative to slow MPR. The NASA-TLX results also showed higher subjective workload ratings for several subscales with fast MPR. Messages presented visually produced greater cognitive load, with slower DRT response times for the visual than the auditory condition. SA scores were higher with slower MPR and auditory presentation. There was no statistical interaction of presentation modality and rate for any measure. CONCLUSION Fast MPR and visual presentation increased cognitive load and degraded SA. APPLICATION These findings show that the DRT can be used to measure workload effectively in a tactical military context and that the method of information presentation affects how soldiers process information in a BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tzvi Spivak
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto
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Hugelius K, Adams M, Romo-Murphy E. The Power of Radio to Promote Health and Resilience in Natural Disasters: A Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E2526. [PMID: 31311142 PMCID: PMC6679034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humanitarian radio has been used in humanitarian aid efforts and after natural disasters over the last 15 years. However, the effects have barely been evaluated, and there are few scientific reports on the impact of radio as a disaster health response intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of the use and impact of humanitarian radio in natural disasters from a health perspective. A literature review of 13 scientific papers and grey literature resources was conducted. The results show that humanitarian radio could be used to promote both physical and psychosocial wellbeing by providing health-related information, advice and psychosocial support in natural disasters. Community resilience can be enhanced by the promotion of community engagement and can strengthen self-efficacy and community efficacy. Radio also has the potential to cost-effectively reach a large number of affected people in areas with severely damaged infrastructure. Radio could, therefore, contribute to health recovery and wellbeing from both individual and community perspectives. As such, health professionals; crises communication professionals, including radio journalists; and disaster-managing stakeholders should be prepared and trained to use humanitarian radio as an integrated part of the disaster health response in natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hugelius
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Mike Adams
- First Response Radio, Frome BA11 2SX, UK
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Brennan TM, Jesson JE, Furlanetto PGA. Quantifying driver cell phone use at signalized intersections using software-defined radio. Traffic Inj Prev 2019; 20:359-364. [PMID: 31039051 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1592167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This article outlines a data collection process that quantifies driver cell phone use using a software-defined radio (SDR) at a signalized intersection. Cell phone use while driving has been shown to be factor that increases the risk of a crash incident. Both operational and enforcement strategies can be applied at locations where high driver cell phone use is identified. Methods: A baseline driver cell phone use observation was made at the intersection, where 9,699 vehicles were observed at the intersection of Carlton Road and State Route 31 (Pennington Road) in Ewing, New Jersey. An SDR cell phone detection device created as part of this study was then deployed at the same intersection to determine whether the SDR device could detect an active cell phone signal. The identification of vehicle cell phone activity using the SDR was conducted a sample of 4,000 vehicles. A visual observation, along with a motion detection camera, was made alongside the SDR to visually confirm cell phones use. Results: Of the 4,000 vehicles sampled using the SDR cell phone detection device, 6.1% of the a.m. peak travel time and 7.6% of the p.m. peak travel time had an active cellular device. A concurrent visual field verification of driver cell phone use showed that approximately 57% (a.m. peak) and 67% (p.m. peak) of the SDR-detected cell phones were visually confirmed to be associated with distracted cell phone use. Conclusions: Once characterized, the frequency of driver cell phone use can be used to justify changes to signal timing protocols. These adjustments could include extending the signal's "all-red time" or holding "yellow time" longer in order to properly clear the intersection. These data can also be used to identify locations that may require more enforcement measures to dissuade driver cell phone use. Furthermore, the impact of anti-cell phone campaigns or new laws can be quantified by measuring before and after cell phone use in the near term rather than waiting for crash studies at intersections to be completed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Brennan
- a Civil Engineering , The College of New Jersey , Ewing , New Jersey
| | - Joseph E Jesson
- b Electrical Engineering , The College of New Jersey , Ewing , New Jersey
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Abstract
Health communication has contributed to an increase in family planning use through education and mass media as a means to increase health literacy. In this research, we investigate health literacy as an auxiliary component of health communication. We test the validity of the Health Literacy Skills Framework by examining the correlation of health literacy indicators to family planning use among Senegalese women in the 2014 Demographic Health Survey. We found that increased family planning use was most strongly associated with hearing family planning messages through television and radio. Other health literacy indicators, including access to printed family planning messaging, textual literacy, and knowledge of ovulatory cycles did not strengthen family planning use, even when performing a subgroup analysis of women who could read. The implications are that the Health Literacy Skills framework can measure health literacy's ability (assessed through proxy indicators of health literacy) to predict modern family planning use among Senegalese women and that audio and visual health literacy measures are most strongly associated with increased family planning use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Y Kim
- a Clinical Effectiveness & Decision Science , Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Muhiuddin Haider
- b Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Gregory R Hancock
- c Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Michel H Boudreaux
- d Department of Health Services Administration , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
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Catalan-Matamoros D, Peñafiel-Saiz C. The Use of Traditional Media for Public Communication about Medicines: A Systematic Review of Characteristics and Outcomes. Health Commun 2019; 34:415-423. [PMID: 29252009 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1405485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to identify, appraise, and synthesize data from original research investigating the use of traditional media for public communication about medicines. Databases were searched for studies conducting quantitative or qualitative analyses between the years 2007 and 2017. Data extraction and assessment of the quality of the resulting studies was conducted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. A total of 57 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped as follows: "newspapers and other print media" (n = 42), "television" (n = 9), and "radio and a combination of media" (n = 6). Content analysis (n = 34) was the most frequent research design, followed by surveys or interviews (n = 14) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 9). Advertising, public awareness, and health administration were the most common themes, and the medicines most analyzed were vaccines, particularly human papillomavirus (HPV) and influenza. Studies conducted in the United States were the most frequent, followed by other high-income countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom. The lack of consistent studies of the effects of media campaigns stresses the importance of the use of standardized research methodologies. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Catalan-Matamoros
- a Department of Journalism and Communication , University Carlos III of Madrid , Getafe , Spain
- b Research Group of Health Sciences CTS-451 , University of Almeria , Almería , Spain
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18
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Barnett S, van Dijk J, Swaray A, Amara T, Young P. Redesigning an education project for child friendly radio: a multisectoral collaboration to promote children's health, education, and human rights after a humanitarian crisis in Sierra Leone. BMJ 2018; 363:k4667. [PMID: 30530732 PMCID: PMC6282727 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sarah Barnett and colleagues describe how an educational project was rapidly adapted into a radio education programme after the 2014 Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamba Amara
- Pikin-To-Pikin Movement, Freetown, Sierra Leone
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19
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Phipps MG, Venkatesh KK, Ware C, Lightfoot M, Raker C, Rodriguez P. Project ESCUCHE: A Spanish-language Radio-based Intervention to Increase Science Literacy. R I Med J (2013) 2018; 101:41-45. [PMID: 30509007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Project ESCUCHE was developed to evaluate the potential to increase science literacy among Spanish-language radio listeners. In collaboration with community partners, we developed a 10-week culturally applicable science and health curriculum delivered through Spanish-language radio. Science literacy was assessed before and after the intervention. Among the 51 participants, 70% were female, 76% were > 35 years old, 60% reported some college education, and 90% preferred speaking in Spanish versus English. The majority of participants (>94%) demonstrated adequate baseline functional health literacy, and 70% reported listening to all ten of the radio programs. Participants demonstrated significant increases in science knowledge post intervention (mean score before intervention 68.4% and after intervention 77%). This improvement was consistent across gender, education level, age, and baseline functional health literacy. Radio has the potential to be an effective method of engaging the Spanish-speaking community to improve science literacy. The results from the ESCUCHE program add to the groundwork for further exploration of how radio programming and other media platforms can be used to impact health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen G Phipps
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Epidemiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Kartik K Venkatesh
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Crystal Ware
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
| | - Michelle Lightfoot
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christina Raker
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Pablo Rodriguez
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Latino Public Radio, Providence, RI
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20
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Dering-Anderson AM. Reflections on 500 Call-in Radio Shows. Am J Pharm Educ 2018; 82:7046. [PMID: 30559505 PMCID: PMC6291668 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacy educators, whether in didactic classes, laboratory settings, or experiential opportunities, search for ways to incorporate "real life" patient questions and concerns into the educational process. This practice not only enhances the educational opportunities for students, it also prepares them for questions and concerns that they will inevitably face as practicing professionals. This commentary describes listener calls from 500, live, call-in radio shows. There is no accurate way to directly assess information that patients do not know or understand. The author suggests using commonly asked pharmacy-based questions, directly from the public, as a proxy to identify the information most desired by patients. The author assumes that radio callers are not calling to ask questions when they already know the answers. Thus, having identified the information most desired by radio-show callers, pharmacist educators, no matter the setting, can be provided with a ready-made resource that lists the most common concerns from over 6,000 radio callers. The author recommends educators use this resource and apply real patient questions and concerns during the educational process, furthermore, opportunities to use this resource are provided.
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21
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Shelus V, VanEnk L, Giuffrida M, Jansen S, Connolly S, Mukabatsinda M, Jah F, Ndahindwa V, Shattuck D. Understanding your body matters: Effects of an entertainment-education serial radio drama on fertility awareness in Rwanda. J Health Commun 2018; 23:761-772. [PMID: 30289356 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2018.1527873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Given widespread misunderstanding of pregnancy risk, awareness of one's fertility has the potential to influence sexual and reproductive health behaviors. This mixed-methods study examined the impact of a serial radio drama in Rwanda, Impano n'Impamba, on fertility awareness and other factors related to family planning uptake by comparing listeners and non-listeners in a nationally representative household survey (n = 1477) and analyzing in-depth interviews with 32 listeners. Listeners had higher fertility awareness than non-listeners for key concepts, including the menstrual cycle, onset of fertility, and postpartum pregnancy risk. Qualitative interviews suggest discussion groups provided an invaluable opportunity to ask questions to a knowledgeable facilitator and clarify the fertility awareness information. No significant differences in modern family planning use or intention to use were found between listeners and non-listeners, but listeners reported greater supportive norms, self-efficacy, and discussion of family planning. Qualitative interviews suggest that increased discussion about family planning occurred because the drama emboldened people to talk about uncomfortable and taboo topics. Post-broadcast, listeners of Impano n'Impamba had greater fertility awareness then non-listeners and were more likely to experience intermediate outcomes related to family planning such as perception of positive family planning norms, a feeling of self-efficacy, and increased communication with others related to family planning. The study provides lessons for future interventions with the aim of increasing fertility awareness to improve sexual and reproductive health.
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22
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Lee J, Mehler B, Reimer B, Ebe K, Coughlin JF. Relationships Between Older Drivers' Cognitive Abilities as Assessed on the MoCA and Glance Patterns During Visual-Manual Radio Tuning While Driving. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018; 73:1190-1197. [PMID: 27698013 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Research has established that long off-road glances increase crash risk, and other work has shown increased off-road glance behavior in older drivers. This study investigated the relationship between older drivers' (M = 66.3, range 61-69 years) cognitive abilities and the duration of off-road glances while engaged in secondary visual-manual activities. Method Twenty-two drivers completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) prior to driving an instrumented vehicle and completing a set of radio-tuning tasks. Glance behavior was recorded and manually coded into 7 glance regions (toward the forward roadway, instrument cluster, center stack, rearview mirror, left, right, and other). Results On average, older drivers with higher MoCA scores used shorter glances and glanced away from the forward roadway for less total time when manually tuning the radio. Discussion These findings suggest that lower MoCA scores may represent a driving force behind the "age" differences reported in earlier studies of off-road glance behavior. Questions are raised concerning the identification of MoCA scores that might be used as inclusion cut-points in driving research and in identifying individuals needing further evaluation related to suitability for continuance of driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbum Lee
- MIT AgeLab and New England University Transportation Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Mehler
- MIT AgeLab and New England University Transportation Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bryan Reimer
- MIT AgeLab and New England University Transportation Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kazutoshi Ebe
- Collaborative Safety Research Center, TEMA, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph F Coughlin
- MIT AgeLab and New England University Transportation Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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23
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Rodriguez NS. Negotiation of Sexual Identity in Gay On-Air Talent on West Texas Radio and Television Media. J Homosex 2018; 66:896-913. [PMID: 29893651 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2018.1484631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This analytic autoethnography explores identity negotiation in on-air media personalities in West Texas by augmenting the author's personal experience with the lived experiences of five other gay radio/television on-air personalities. Employing the communication of identity theory, results indicate conflicts between the personal and communal frames, the relational and communal frames, and the enactment frame with all other frames. Strategies used to help navigate these conflicts include employment of hegemonic masculinity norms, self-monitoring, and assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathian Shae Rodriguez
- a School of Journalism and Media Studies , San Diego State University , San Diego , California , USA
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24
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Ngula KW, Miller AN, Mberia HK. Motivational and Parental Mediation Factors Related to Kenyan Adolescents' Intake of Sexual Radio and TV Content. Health Commun 2018; 33:724-732. [PMID: 28402150 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1306909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on the influence of media on youths' sexual behavior in sub-Saharan Africa has focused almost entirely on the effects of multimedia health communication campaigns and edutainment programming. Scholarly literature is nearly silent about the influence of the multiple hours that young people in many sub-Saharan nations spend immersed in increasingly sex-heavy entertainment programming. We surveyed a stratified cluster sample of 437 Nairobi public high school students about motivational and parental mediation factors associated with their exposure to sexual radio and TV content. Watching sexual content in the bedroom predicted higher intake of both sexual radio and TV content. Believing that parents were successful in their efforts to limit media use predicted lower intake of both sexual radio and TV content. A friend/companion motive for watching was associated with taking in higher levels of sexual TV content. For day school students, watching sexual content in the sitting room also predicted higher levels of exposure to sexual TV content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hellen K Mberia
- c Department of Social Sciences and Humanities , Jomo Kenyatta University for Agriculture and Technology
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25
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Versteeg W, Te Molder H. 'You must know what you mean when you say that': the morality of knowledge claims about ADHD in radio phone-ins. Sociol Health Illn 2018; 40:718-734. [PMID: 29582444 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on a corpus of radio phone-ins, we present a discursive psychological analysis of how mothers carefully tailor their knowledge claims regarding their children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Mothers typically claim knowledge about their children's good intentions, but not about the 'ADHD-ness' of their conduct. Whereas the former is seen as appropriate knowledge for a concerned parent, the latter is treated as a matter of expert knowledge. We show that as soon as problematic behaviour is treated as observable from the outside and describable by mothers and other lay persons, it becomes vulnerable to being formulated as 'normal disobedience', rather than symptomatic of a professionally administered, doctorable condition. We argue that it is important to be aware of the moralities hidden in knowledge claims, as they help sustain an unproductive perspective in which either the child's brain or his mother is blamed for behaviour perceived as problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wytske Versteeg
- Department of Geosciences/Urban Futures Studio, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig Te Molder
- Department of Social Sciences/Strategic Communication, University of Wageningen, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Sarrassat S, Meda N, Badolo H, Ouedraogo M, Some H, Bambara R, Murray J, Remes P, Lavoie M, Cousens S, Head R. Effect of a mass radio campaign on family behaviours and child survival in Burkina Faso: a repeated cross-sectional, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Glob Health 2018; 6:e330-e341. [PMID: 29433668 PMCID: PMC5817351 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Media campaigns can potentially reach a large audience at relatively low cost but, to our knowledge, no randomised controlled trials have assessed their effect on a health outcome in a low-income country. We aimed to assess the effect of a radio campaign addressing family behaviours on all-cause post-neonatal under-5 child mortality in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS In this repeated cross-sectional, cluster randomised trial, clusters (distinct geographical areas in rural Burkina Faso with at least 40 000 inhabitants) were selected by Development Media International based on their high radio listenership (>60% of women listening to the radio in the past week) and minimum distances between radio stations to exclude population-level contamination. Clusters were randomly allocated to receive the intervention (a comprehensive radio campaign) or control group (no radio media campaign). Household surveys were performed at baseline (from December, 2011, to February, 2012), midline (in November, 2013, and after 20 months of campaigning), and endline (from November, 2014, to March, 2015, after 32 months of campaigning). Primary analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis, based on cluster-level summaries and adjusted for imbalances between groups at baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause post-neonatal under-5 child mortality. The trial was designed to detect a 20% reduction in the primary outcome with a power of 80%. Routine data from health facilities were also analysed for evidence of changes in use and these data had high statistical power. The indicators measured were new antenatal care attendances, facility deliveries, and under-5 consultations. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov, number NCT01517230. FINDINGS The intervention ran from March, 2012, to January, 2015. 14 clusters were selected and randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=7) or the control group (n=7). The average number of villages included per cluster was 34 in the control group and 29 in the intervention group. 2269 (82%) of 2784 women in the intervention group reported recognising the campaign's radio spots at endline. Post-neonatal under-5 child mortality decreased from 93·3 to 58·5 per 1000 livebirths in the control group and from 125·1 to 85·1 per 1000 livebirths in the intervention group. There was no evidence of an intervention effect (risk ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·82-1·22; p>0·999). In the first year of the intervention, under-5 consultations increased from 68 681 to 83 022 in the control group and from 79 852 to 111 758 in the intervention group. The intervention effect using interrupted time-series analysis was 35% (95% CI 20-51; p<0·0001). New antenatal care attendances decreased from 13 129 to 12 997 in the control group and increased from 19 658 to 20 202 in the intervention group in the first year (intervention effect 6%, 95% CI 2-10; p=0·004). Deliveries in health facilities decreased from 10 598 to 10 533 in the control group and increased from 12 155 to 12 902 in the intervention group in the first year (intervention effect 7%, 95% CI 2-11; p=0·004). INTERPRETATION A comprehensive radio campaign had no detectable effect on child mortality. Substantial decreases in child mortality were observed in both groups over the intervention period, reducing our ability to detect an effect. This, nevertheless, represents the first randomised controlled trial to show that mass media alone can change health-seeking behaviours. FUNDING Wellcome Trust and Planet Wheeler Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sarrassat
- Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Henri Some
- Africsanté, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Robert Bambara
- Direction Générale des Études et des Statistiques Sectorielles (DGESS), Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Pieter Remes
- Development Media International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Simon Cousens
- Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Roy Head
- Development Media International, London, UK
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Neville TJ, Salmon PM, Read GJM. Radio Gaga? Intra-team communication of Australian Rules Football umpires - effect of radio communication on content, structure and frequency. Ergonomics 2018; 61:313-328. [PMID: 28697704 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1353140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intra-team communication plays an important role in team effectiveness in various domains including sport. As such, it is a key consideration when introducing new tools within systems that utilise teams. The difference in intra-team communication of Australian Rules Football (AFL) umpiring teams was studied when umpiring with or without radio communications technology. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to analyse the verbal communication of seven umpiring teams (20 participants) grouped according to their experience with radio communication. The results identified that radio communication technology increased the frequency and altered the structure of intra-team communication. Examination of the content of the intra-team communication identified impacts on the 'Big Five' teamwork behaviours and associated coordinating mechanisms. Analysis revealed that the communications utilised did not align with the closed-loop form of communication described in the Big Five model. Implications for teamwork models, coaching and training of AFL umpires are discussed. Practitioner Summary: Assessing the impact of technology on performance is of interest to ergonomics practitioners. The impact of radio communications on teamwork is explored in the highly dynamic domain of AFL umpiring. When given radio technology, intra-team communication increased which supported teamwork behaviours, such as backup behaviour and mutual performance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Neville
- a Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law , University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Australia
- b Joint and Operations Analysis Division, Department of Defence, Defence Science and Technology Group , Canberra , Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- a Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law , University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Australia
| | - Gemma J M Read
- a Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law , University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Australia
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28
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Lee JY, Lee JD, Bärgman J, Lee J, Reimer B. How safe is tuning a radio?: using the radio tuning task as a benchmark for distracted driving. Accid Anal Prev 2018; 110:29-37. [PMID: 29101787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drivers engage in non-driving tasks while driving, such as interactions entertainment systems. Studies have identified glance patterns related to such interactions, and manual radio tuning has been used as a reference task to set an upper bound on the acceptable demand of interactions. Consequently, some view the risk associated with radio tuning as defining the upper limit of glance measures associated with visual-manual in-vehicle activities. However, we have little knowledge about the actual degree of crash risk that radio tuning poses and, by extension, the risk of tasks that have similar glance patterns as the radio tuning task. In the current study, we use counterfactual simulation to take the glance patterns for manual radio tuning tasks from an on-road experiment and apply these patterns to lead-vehicle events observed in naturalistic driving studies. We then quantify how often the glance patterns from radio tuning are associated with rear-end crashes, compared to driving only situations. We used the pre-crash kinematics from 34 crash events from the SHRP2 naturalistic driving study to investigate the effect of radio tuning in crash-imminent situations, and we also investigated the effect of radio tuning on 2,475 routine braking events from the Safety Pilot project. The counterfactual simulation showed that off-road glances transform some near-crashes that could have been avoided into crashes, and glance patterns observed in on-road radio tuning experiment produced 2.85-5.00 times more crashes than baseline driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Young Lee
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - John D Lee
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Jonas Bärgman
- Division of Vehicle Safety at the Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Lindholmspiren 3, SE-417 56 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Joonbum Lee
- Battelle Center for Human Performance and Safety, 1100 Dexter Ave North, Suite 350, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; MIT AgeLab and New England University Transportation Center, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E40-279, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Bryan Reimer
- MIT AgeLab and New England University Transportation Center, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E40-279, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Abstract
By examining mental illness through the lens of intimate firsthand accounts of caregivers and patients, including caregiver blogposts and a conversation between Liza Long and her son as recorded by StoryCorps, we demonstrate how new media can be leveraged to shift societal perceptions of those with mental illness from blameworthy potential perpetrators of terror to vulnerable persons in need of compassion and support. Exploring patient, caregiver, and societal roles through a close reading of new media firsthand accounts, we argue for shared responsibility in caring for those with mental illness and, in particular, for physicians to leverage their unique knowledge of the patient experience by promoting media coverage of stories of mental illness recovery.
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Lovejoy D. A Day in the Life of a Home Care Nurse and Her Relationship With a Car Radio. Home Healthc Now 2018; 36:59. [PMID: 29298202 DOI: 10.1097/nhh.0000000000000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lovejoy
- Denise Lovejoy, RN, is a Retired Home Care Nurse, Sutter Care at Home, San Francisco, California
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Valic B, Kos B, Gajšek P. Radiofrequency Exposures of Workers on Low-Power FM Radio Transmitters. Ann Work Expo Health 2017; 61:457-467. [PMID: 28355437 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-power radio transmitters are one of the most common radio frequency sources and the exposure limit values (ELVs) for occupational exposure may be exceeded close to them. Therefore, a detailed analysis and assessment of occupational exposure in their vicinity is presented in the paper. For 20 different exposure scenarios, electric field strength and specific absorption rate (SAR) values were computed to determine whether the action levels (ALs) and ELVs of the European directive 2013/35/EU are exceeded for different 500 W radio transmitters. The results show that the ALs are very conservative for such exposure situations. Even when the ALs are greatly exceeded, the SAR values are not necessarily above the limit. However, in some situations, the ELVs were also exceeded. The local 10 g averaged value of the SAR can be exceeded if the worker is grounded (in direct contact with the steel structure), while the whole body ELVs can be exceeded for exposures at distances of <1 m from the transmitting dipole array antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Valic
- Institute of Non-ionizing Radiation, Ulica Pohorskega bataljona 215, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bor Kos
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana SI - 1000, Slovenia
| | - Peter Gajšek
- Institute of Non-ionizing Radiation, Ulica Pohorskega bataljona 215, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Cherniak W, Anguyo G, Meaney C, Yuan Kong L, Malhame I, Pace R, Sodhi S, Silverman M. Effectiveness of advertising availability of prenatal ultrasound on uptake of antenatal care in rural Uganda: A cluster randomized trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175440. [PMID: 28403187 PMCID: PMC5389838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In rural Uganda pregnant women often lack access to health services, do not attend antenatal care, and tend to utilize traditional healers/birth attendants. We hypothesized that receiving a message advertising that "you will be able to see your baby by ultrasound" would motivate rural Ugandan women who otherwise might use a traditional birth attendant to attend antenatal care, and that those women would subsequently be more satisfied with care. A cluster randomized trial was conducted across eight rural sub-counties in southwestern Uganda. Sub-counties were randomized to a control arm, with advertisement of antenatal care with no mention of portable obstetric ultrasound (four communities, n = 59), or an intervention arm, with advertisement of portable obstetric ultrasound. Advertisement of portable obstetric ultrasound was further divided into intervention A) word of mouth advertisement of portable obstetric ultrasound and antenatal care (one communitity, n = 16), B) radio advertisement of only antenatal care and word of mouth advertisement of antenatal care and portable obstetric ultrasound (one community, n = 7), or C) word of mouth + radio advertisement of both antenatal care and portable obstetric ultrasound (two communities, n = 75). The primary outcome was attendance to antenatal care. 159 women presented to antenatal care across eight sub-counties. The rate of attendance was 65.1 (per 1000 pregnant women, 95% CI 38.3-110.4) where portable obstetric ultrasound was advertised by radio and word of mouth, as compared to a rate of 11.1 (95% CI 6.1-20.1) in control communities (rate ratio 5.9, 95% CI 2.6-13.0, p<0.0001). Attendance was also improved in women who had previously seen a traditional healer (13.0, 95% CI 5.4-31.2) compared to control (1.5, 95% CI 0.5-5.0, rate ratio 8.7, 95% CI 2.0-38.1, p = 0.004). By advertising antenatal care and portable obstetric ultrasound by radio attendance was significantly improved. This study suggests that women can be motivated to attend antenatal care when offered the concrete incentive of seeing their baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Cherniak
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, The Markham-Stouffville Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Bridge to Health Medical and Dental, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Geoffrey Anguyo
- Kigezi Healthcare Foundation, and Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Christopher Meaney
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, The Markham-Stouffville Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ling Yuan Kong
- Bridge to Health Medical and Dental, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Malhame
- Bridge to Health Medical and Dental, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Romina Pace
- Bridge to Health Medical and Dental, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sumeet Sodhi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, The Markham-Stouffville Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Silverman
- Bridge to Health Medical and Dental, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Western University, London, Canada
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Turchaninov DV, Kovalenko AV, Brusentsova AV, Sokhoshko LA. [Occupational burnout syndrome in workers of radio and television broadcasting center.]. Med Tr Prom Ekol 2017:14-18. [PMID: 30351788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Occupational burnout syndrome - an important health risk factor - is seen not only in social occupations, but also in "subject-object" occupation professionals. Complex study of work conditions and health used V.V. Boiko test for assessment of emotional burnout level in radio and television broadcasting center personnel. Considerable share (53,3%) of main occupations workers in radio and television broadcasting center demonstrates high level of occupational burnout (exhaustion phase has developed or is being developed). Median total points of occupational burnout syndrome equalled 123 (74,0; is5,0) that is higher than the similar parameter for many "subject-object" occupations. Emotional defence is manifested by withdrawal from emotional show at work, increased distance in communication with colleagues, at home with relatives, avoidance of work demanding emotional charge. Longer length of service is connected with less open emotions not only in occupational sphere, but outside profession with relatives, friends. The results obtained point to predisposition for lower performance and health disturbances, necessitate consideration of this factor in complex evaluation of work conditions and health of personnel engaged in radio and television communications.
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Samarya-Timm M. Using New Technologies to Communicate Environmental Health. J Environ Health 2016; 79:26-28. [PMID: 29120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Holmes J, Brown J, Meier P, Beard E, Michie S, Buykx P. Short-term effects of announcing revised lower risk national drinking guidelines on related awareness and knowledge: a trend analysis of monthly survey data in England. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013804. [PMID: 27909041 PMCID: PMC5168688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate short-term effects of publishing revised lower risk national drinking guidelines on related awareness and knowledge. To examine where drinkers heard about guidelines over the same period. DESIGN Trend analysis of the Alcohol Toolkit Study, a monthly repeat cross-sectional national survey. SETTING England, November 2015 to May 2016. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 845 adults (18+) living in private households in England. INTERVENTION Publication of revised national drinking guidelines in January 2016 which reduced the male guideline by approximately one-third to 14 units per week. MEASUREMENTS Whether drinkers (1) had heard of drinking guidelines (awareness), (2) stated the guideline was above, exactly or below 14 units (knowledge) and (3) reported seeing the stated guideline number of units in the last month in each of 11 locations (exposure). Sociodemographics: sex, age (18-34, 35-64, 65+), social grade (AB, C1C2, DE). Alcohol consumption derived from graduated frequency questions: low risk (<14 units/week), increasing/high risk (14+ units/week). RESULTS Following publication of the guidelines, the proportion of drinkers aware of guidelines did not increase from its baseline level of 85.1% (CI 82.7% to 87.1%). However, the proportion of male drinkers saying the guideline was 14 units or less increased from 22.6% (CI 18.9% to 26.7%) in December to 43.3% (CI 38.9% to 47.8%) in January and was at 35.6% (CI 31.6% to 39.9%) in May. Last month exposure to the guidelines was below 25% in all locations except television/radio where exposure increased from 33% (CI 28.8% to 36.2%) in December to 65% (CI 61.2% to 68.3%) in January. Awareness and knowledge of guidelines was lowest in social grade DE and this gap remained after publication. CONCLUSIONS Publication of new or revised lower risk drinking guidelines can improve drinkers' knowledge of these guidelines within all sociodemographic groups; however, in the absence of sustained promotional activity, positive effects may not be maintained and social inequalities in awareness and knowledge of guidelines are likely to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Holmes
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS),Nottingham, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS),Nottingham, UK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Petra Meier
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS),Nottingham, UK
| | - Emma Beard
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS),Nottingham, UK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS),Nottingham, UK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Penny Buykx
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS),Nottingham, UK
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Hasselwander CJ, Cao Z, Grissom WA. gr-MRI: A software package for magnetic resonance imaging using software defined radios. J Magn Reson 2016; 270:47-55. [PMID: 27394165 PMCID: PMC4996692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to develop software that enables the rapid implementation of custom MRI spectrometers using commercially-available software defined radios (SDRs). The developed gr-MRI software package comprises a set of Python scripts, flowgraphs, and signal generation and recording blocks for GNU Radio, an open-source SDR software package that is widely used in communications research. gr-MRI implements basic event sequencing functionality, and tools for system calibrations, multi-radio synchronization, and MR signal processing and image reconstruction. It includes four pulse sequences: a single-pulse sequence to record free induction signals, a gradient-recalled echo imaging sequence, a spin echo imaging sequence, and an inversion recovery spin echo imaging sequence. The sequences were used to perform phantom imaging scans with a 0.5Tesla tabletop MRI scanner and two commercially-available SDRs. One SDR was used for RF excitation and reception, and the other for gradient pulse generation. The total SDR hardware cost was approximately $2000. The frequency of radio desynchronization events and the frequency with which the software recovered from those events was also measured, and the SDR's ability to generate frequency-swept RF waveforms was validated and compared to the scanner's commercial spectrometer. The spin echo images geometrically matched those acquired using the commercial spectrometer, with no unexpected distortions. Desynchronization events were more likely to occur at the very beginning of an imaging scan, but were nearly eliminated if the user invoked the sequence for a short period before beginning data recording. The SDR produced a 500kHz bandwidth frequency-swept pulse with high fidelity, while the commercial spectrometer produced a waveform with large frequency spike errors. In conclusion, the developed gr-MRI software can be used to develop high-fidelity, low-cost custom MRI spectrometers using commercially-available SDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hasselwander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - William A Grissom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Schoeni A, Roser K, Bürgi A, Röösli M. Symptoms in Swiss adolescents in relation to exposure from fixed site transmitters: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health 2016; 15:77. [PMID: 27422272 PMCID: PMC4947250 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is public concern regarding potential health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by fixed site transmitters. We therefore investigated whether self-reported general well-being in adolescents is affected by RF-EMF exposure from mobile phone base stations (downlink) and broadcast transmitters (TV and radio). METHODS In a prospective cohort study, 439 study participants aged 12-17 years, completed questionnaires about their self-reported well-being and possible confounding factors at baseline and one year later. Exposure from fixed site transmitters at home and school was calculated by using a geospatial propagation model. Data were analysed using a mixed-logistic cross-sectional model of a combined dataset consisting of baseline and follow-up data and a longitudinal approach where we investigated whether exposure at baseline (cohort analysis) or changes in exposure between baseline and follow-up (change analysis) were related to a new onset of a symptom between baseline and follow-up. All analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS Mean exposure (median; 75(th)) for broadcast transmitters, downlink and total exposure at baseline were 1.9 μW/m(2) (1.0 μW/m(2); 2.8 μW/m(2)), 14.4 μW/m(2) (3.8 μW/m(2); 11.0 μW/m(2)) and 16.3 μW/m(2) (5.8 μW/m(2); 13.4 μW/m(2)), respectively. In cross-sectional analyses no associations were observed between any symptom and RF-EMF exposure from fixed site transmitters. In the cohort and change analyses only a few significant associations were observed including an increased OR for tiredness (2.94, 95%CI: 1.43 to 6.05) for participants in the top 25(th) percentile of total RF-EMF exposure from fixed site transmitters at baseline, in comparison to participants exposed below the median and a decreased OR for exhaustibility (0.50, 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.93) for participants with an exposure increase between baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study, using a geospatial propagation model, RF-EMF exposure from fixed site transmitters was not consistently associated with self-reported symptoms in Swiss adolescents. The few observed associations have to be interpreted with caution and might represent chance findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schoeni
- />Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- />University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Roser
- />Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- />University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Bürgi
- />ARIAS umwelt.forschung.beratung, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- />Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- />University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Chen HYW, Donmez B. What drives technology-based distractions? A structural equation model on social-psychological factors of technology-based driver distraction engagement. Accid Anal Prev 2016; 91:166-174. [PMID: 26994371 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the proliferation of new mobile and in-vehicle technologies, understanding the motivations behind a driver's voluntary engagement with such technologies is crucial from a safety perspective, yet is complex. Previous literature either surveyed a large number of distractions that may be diverse, or too focuses on one particular activity, such as cell phone use. Further, earlier studies about social-psychological factors underlying driver distraction tend to focus on one or two factors in-depth, and those that examine a more comprehensive set of factors are often limited in their analyses methods. OBJECTIVE The present work considers a wide array of social-psychological factors within a structural equation model to predict their influence on a focused set of technology-based distractions. A better understanding of these facilitators can enhance the design of distraction mitigation strategies. METHOD We analysed survey responses about three technology-based driver distractions: holding phone conversations, manually interacting with cell phones, and adjusting the settings of in-vehicle technology, as well as responses on five social-psychological factors: attitude, descriptive norm, injunctive norm, technology inclination, and a risk/sensation seeking personality. Using data collected from 525 drivers (ages: 18-80), a structural equation model was built to analyse these social-psychological factors as latent variables influencing self-reported engagement in these three technology-based distractions. RESULTS Self-reported engagement in technology-based distractions was found to be largely influenced by attitudes about the distractions. Personality and social norms also played a significant role, but technology inclination did not. A closer look at two age groups (18-30 and 30+) showed that the effect of social norms, especially of injunctive norm (i.e., perceived approvals), was less prominent in the 30+ age group, while personality remained a significant predictor for the 30+ age group but marginally significant for the younger group. CONCLUSION Findings from this work provide insights into the social-psychological factors behind intentional engagement in technology-based distractions and in particular suggesting that these factors may be sensitive to demographic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Yen Winnie Chen
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Canada
| | - Birsen Donmez
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Canada.
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DeRosier J. Janov Barry treasures the golden era of radio. CDS Rev 2016; 109:36-37. [PMID: 27197380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Jägerbrand AK, Antonson H. Driving behaviour responses to a moose encounter, automatic speed camera, wildlife warning sign and radio message determined in a factorial simulator study. Accid Anal Prev 2016; 86:229-238. [PMID: 26600095 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a driving simulator study, driving behaviour responses (speed and deceleration) to encountering a moose, automatic speed camera, wildlife warning sign and radio message, with or without a wildlife fence and in dense forest or open landscape, were analysed. The study consisted of a factorial experiment that examined responses to factors singly and in combination over 9-km road stretches driven eight times by 25 participants (10 men, 15 women). The aims were to: determine the most effective animal-vehicle collision (AVC) countermeasures in reducing vehicle speed and test whether these are more effective in combination for reducing vehicle speed; identify the most effective countermeasures on encountering moose; and determine whether the driving responses to AVC countermeasures are affected by the presence of wildlife fences and landscape characteristics. The AVC countermeasures that proved most effective in reducing vehicle speed were a wildlife warning sign and radio message, while automatic speed cameras had a speed-increasing effect. There were no statistically significant interactions between different countermeasures and moose encounters. However, there was a tendency for a stronger speed-reducing effect from the radio message warning and from a combination of a radio message and wildlife warning sign in velocity profiles covering longer driving distances than the statistical tests. Encountering a moose during the drive had the overall strongest speed-reducing effect and gave the strongest deceleration, indicating that moose decoys or moose artwork might be useful as speed-reducing countermeasures. Furthermore, drivers reduced speed earlier on encountering a moose in open landscape and had lower velocity when driving past it. The presence of a wildlife fence on encountering the moose resulted in smaller deceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika K Jägerbrand
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Box 55685, SE-102 15 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hans Antonson
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Human Geography, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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Shuffield J. This Is My Truth. Diabetes Forecast 2016; 69:32-33. [PMID: 26983285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Sarrassat S, Meda N, Ouedraogo M, Some H, Bambara R, Head R, Murray J, Remes P, Cousens S. Behavior Change After 20 Months of a Radio Campaign Addressing Key Lifesaving Family Behaviors for Child Survival: Midline Results From a Cluster Randomized Trial in Rural Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract 2015; 3:557-76. [PMID: 26681704 PMCID: PMC4682582 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-15-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Burkina Faso, a comprehensive 35-month radio campaign addressed key, multiple family behaviors for improving under-5 child survival and was evaluated using a repeated cross-sectional, cluster randomized design. The primary outcome of the trial was postneonatal under-5 child mortality. This paper reports on behavior change achieved at midline. METHOD Fourteen community radio stations in 14 geographic areas were selected based on their high listenership. Seven areas were randomly allocated to receive the intervention while the other 7 areas served as controls. The campaign was launched in March 2012. Cross-sectional surveys of about 5,000 mothers of under-5 children, living in villages close to the radio stations, were conducted at baseline (from December 2011 to February 2012) and at midline (in November 2013), after 20 months of campaigning. Statistical analyses were based on cluster-level summaries using a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach and adjusted for imbalances between arms at baseline. In addition, routine health facility data were analyzed for evidence of changes in health facility utilization. RESULTS At midline, 75% of women in the intervention arm reported recognizing radio spots from the campaign. There was some evidence of the campaign having positive effects on care seeking for diarrhea (adjusted DiD, 17.5 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 32.5; P= .03), antibiotic treatment for fast/difficult breathing (adjusted DiD, 29.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 3.5 to 55.7; P= .03), and saving money during pregnancy (adjusted DiD, 12.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.4 to 24.2; P= .03). For other target behaviors, there was little or no evidence of an impact of the campaign after adjustment for baseline imbalances and confounding factors. There was weak evidence of a positive correlation between the intensity of broadcasting of messages and reported changes in target behaviors. Routine health facility data were consistent with a greater increase in the intervention arm than in the control arm in all-cause under-5 consultations (33% versus 17%, respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant (P= .40). CONCLUSION The radio campaign reached a high proportion of the primary target population, but the evidence for an impact on key child survival-related behaviors at midline was mixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sarrassat
- Centre for Maternal Adolescent Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Henri Some
- Africsanté, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Robert Bambara
- Direction Générale des Études et des Statistiques Sectorielles (DGESS), Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Roy Head
- Development Media International, London, UK
| | | | - Pieter Remes
- Development Media International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Simon Cousens
- Centre for Maternal Adolescent Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Bajoga UA, Atagame KL, Okigbo CC. Media Influence on Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use: A Cross Sectional Survey among Young Women in Urban Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health 2015; 19:100-110. [PMID: 26897918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the relationship between recent exposure to family planning (FP) messages in the media (newspaper, radio, television, and mobile phones) and use of modern contraceptive methods among women aged 15-24 years living in six cities in Nigeria. Logistic regression models were used to predict recent media exposure to FP messages and its association with sexual experience and modern contraceptive method use. About 45% of our sample had ever had sex with only a quarter of them using a modern contraceptive method at the time of survey. Approximately 71% of our sample was exposed to FP messages in the media within the three months preceding the survey. The main sources of media exposure were mobile phones (48%), radio (37%), and television (29%). Controlling for relevant factors, recent media exposure to FP messages predicted both sexual experience and use of modern contraceptive methods, although there were city-level differences.
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Qi Y, Soh CB, Gunawan E, Low KS, Maskooki A. Using wearable UWB radios to measure foot clearance during walking. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2013:5199-202. [PMID: 24110907 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Foot clearance above ground is a key factor for a better understanding of the complicated relationship between falls and gait. This paper proposes a wearable system using UWB transceivers to monitor the vertical heel/toe clearance during walking. First, a pair of very small and light antennas is placed on a point approximating to the heel/toe of the foot, acting as a transmitter and receiver. Then, the reflected signal from ground is captured and propagation delay is detected using noise suppressed Modified-Phase-Only-Correlator (MPOC). The performance of the UWB-based system was compared with an ultrasound system for stationary movements. The experimental results show that an overall mean difference between these two systems is about 0.634mm with correlation coefficient value of 0.9604. The UWB-based system is then used to measure foot clearance during walking which shows promising results for gait events detection.
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New radio series explores state of nurse education. Nurs Times 2015; 111:4. [PMID: 26427243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Paul M. The best of the week's health-related TV and radio. Nurs Stand 2015; 29:31. [PMID: 26080978 DOI: 10.7748/ns.29.42.31.s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Grinell S. RDA for science. World Rev Nutr Diet 2015; 63:287-94. [PMID: 1695792 DOI: 10.1159/000418516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Palmisano DJ. Imagine that ... and more. J Med Assoc Ga 2015; 104:6. [PMID: 26665998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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