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Suntai Z, Beltran SJ. The Intersectional Impact of Race/Ethnicity and Sex on Access to Technology Among Older Adults. Gerontologist 2023; 63:1162-1171. [PMID: 36477498 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Research on technological access and usage has revealed a digital divide based on several sociodemographic factors, including race/ethnicity, sex, income, and education. While several studies have examined these factors separately, few studies have considered how multiple vulnerable identities may combine to influence access to technology. Using the theory of intersectionality, this study assesses the combined impact of race/ethnicity and sex on access to a working cellphone and a working laptop/computer among U.S. older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were derived from the 2018 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Chi-square tests were used to test group differences, and four multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the intersection of race/ethnicity and sex, and access to a working cellphone and a working laptop/computer. RESULTS After accounting for other explanatory variables, White female participants, Black male participants, Black female participants, Hispanic male participants, and Hispanic female participants were all less likely to have a working cellphone or a working laptop/computer compared to White male participants. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The results of this study point to a significant disparity in access to technology based on intersectional identities, with Black and Hispanic female participants having the least access to technology. Interventions aiming to improve access to technology should target these two groups, with a focus on reducing the cost of purchasing technological equipment and the provision of training programs that improve technological skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Suntai
- Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Susanny J Beltran
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Wong SM, Chen EY, Suen YN, Ho W, Chan SK, Lee EH, Chan KT, Lui SS, Wong MT, Hui CL. Increased psychological distress among young people before and during the fifth wave of COVID-19 after two years of pandemic in Hong Kong: a 6-month longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:433. [PMID: 37322448 PMCID: PMC10267546 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite over two years of COVID-19 worldwide, the outbreak of the Omicron variant has given rise to an unprecedented surge of infection with diverse lockdown measures implemented globally. Whether the emergence of a new wave of COVID-19 could further affect mental health in the population after nearly two years of the pandemic remains to be addressed. Furthermore, whether changes in smartphone overuse behaviours and physical activity - both of which are particularly relevant to young people - would together contribute to changes in distress symptoms during this wave of COVID-19 was also examined. METHODS A total of 248 young people from an ongoing household-based epidemiological study in Hong Kong who completed their baseline assessments prior to the Omicron variant outbreak, i.e., fifth wave of COVID-19 (July-November 2021), were invited for a 6-month follow-up study during this wave of infection (January-April 2022) (mean age = 19.7 years, SD = 2.7; 58.9% females). At both time points, levels of global distress symptoms, perceived stress, smartphone overuse, frequency of engagement in vigorous physical activity, and other potential risk and protective factors were assessed. RESULTS The proportion of young people presenting moderate-to-severe distress (6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ≥ 5) significantly increased from 45.6 to 54.4% during the fifth wave of COVID-19 (p < 0.010). Significantly increased levels of smartphone overuse and reduced days of vigorous physical activity were also observed during the fifth wave. Notably, increased smartphone overuse and reduced physical activity both additively and interactively contributed to elevated distress at 6 months, even after accounting for demographic characteristics, psychiatric history, childhood adversity, as well as baseline distress symptoms, resilience, and recent personal stressors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the emergence of a new wave of COVID-19, specifically the Omicron outbreak, can further aggravate mental distress even after a protracted period of the pandemic. Awareness of the dynamic nature of COVID-19 is necessitated to address the pressing mental health needs of populations. Supporting young people in healthier patterns of smartphone use and physical activity can be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie My Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Yh Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Y N Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winky Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sherry Kw Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Edwin Hm Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K T Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Sy Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Th Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christy Lm Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Taziki Balajelini MH, Mohammadi M, Rajabi A. Association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Environ Health 2022; 37:501-508. [PMID: 34293837 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a possible association of mobile phone use with hearing impairment was conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. CONTENT This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was carried out based on the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) methodology using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, OVID, and Cochrane. The Robins-I tool was used for quality assessment and risk of bias. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles. Pooled effect size was calculated and meta-analysis was performed to compute an overall effect size. SUMMARY Overall, five relevant studies (two cross-sectional and three cohort studies) with 92,978 participants were included in the analysis. The studies were stratified by design, there was no significant association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment in cross-sectional studies (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.57-1.31) and cohort studies (OR=1.09, 95% CI=0.93-1.25). In addition, the effect estimates did not differ significantly between cross-sectional and cohort studies (Q=0.50, p=0.48). Overall, the pooled odds ratio (OR) of hearing impairment was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.94-1.20), which indicates no significant association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment. OUTLOOK Our findings indicate no association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment. However, these findings must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Medical Librarianship and Information Sciences, Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolhalim Rajabi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Nicolls M, Truelove V, Stefanidis KB. The impact of descriptive and injunctive norms on engagement in mobile phone use while driving in young drivers: A systematic review. Accid Anal Prev 2022; 175:106774. [PMID: 35878470 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Prior research indicates that younger adults overestimate their peers' engagement in risk-taking behaviours, with these estimates being directly associated with engagement in such behaviours. However, the extent to which younger adults perceive their peers' approval of, and engagement in, road traffic violations (such as mobile phone use while driving) is yet to be clearly identified. Further, the influence of such perceptions on subsequent mobile phone use while driving behaviours remains unclear. Accordingly, the aim of this systematic review was to (a) examine young drivers' perceptions regarding their peers' approval of (injunctive norms), and engagement in (descriptive norms) mobile phone use while driving and (b) to identify whether such perceptions increase young drivers own engagement in the behaviour. METHODS Studies were eligible for review if they measured (a) perceived social norms (descriptive/injunctive) and (b) the relationship between such norms and mobile phone use while driving in younger adults aged 16-25 years. Searches were conducted in December 2021, using Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and TRID. Five articles were included in the review. RESULTS Overall, the results indicate that young drivers perceive their peers to engage in mobile phone use while driving on a frequent basis, however they typically believe that their peers disapprove of the behaviour. The majority of studies indicated that descriptive norms were significantly associated with increasing engagement in mobile phone use while driving (including distracted driving behaviours). Finally, the few studies that investigated injunctive norms on mobile phone use while driving indicated positive correlations between perceived peer approval and increasing distracted driving behaviour. DISCUSSION The findings highlight the importance of social norms in influencing behaviour, indicating that both descriptive and injunctive norms warrant further investigation when examining the impact of peer influences on mobile phone use while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nicolls
- Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia.
| | - Verity Truelove
- Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Kayla B Stefanidis
- Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
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Vahedi B, Karimzadeh M, Zoraghein H. Spatiotemporal prediction of COVID-19 cases using inter- and intra-county proxies of human interactions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6440. [PMID: 34750353 PMCID: PMC8576047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurements of human interaction through proxies such as social connectedness or movement patterns have proved useful for predictive modeling of COVID-19, which is a challenging task, especially at high spatial resolutions. In this study, we develop a Spatiotemporal autoregressive model to predict county-level new cases of COVID-19 in the coterminous US using spatiotemporal lags of infection rates, human interactions, human mobility, and socioeconomic composition of counties as predictive features. We capture human interactions through 1) Facebook- and 2) cell phone-derived measures of connectivity and human mobility, and use them in two separate models for predicting county-level new cases of COVID-19. We evaluate the model on 14 forecast dates between 2020/10/25 and 2021/01/24 over one- to four-week prediction horizons. Comparing our predictions with a Baseline model developed by the COVID-19 Forecast Hub indicates an average 6.46% improvement in prediction Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) over the two-week prediction horizon up to 20.22% improvement in the four-week prediction horizon, pointing to the strong predictive power of our model in the longer prediction horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Vahedi
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.
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Tardif-Grenier K, Archambault I, Dupéré V, Marks AK, Olivier E. Canadian Adolescents' Internalized Symptoms in Pandemic Times: Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics, Confinement Habits, and Support. Psychiatr Q 2021; 92:1309-1325. [PMID: 33768414 PMCID: PMC7993855 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of increased risk for developing symptoms of anxiety and depression, especially for girls. The stress and social isolation experienced during confinement add new threats to already vulnerable adolescents' daily lives. This study is aimed at determining which sociodemographic characteristics (age, family composition, achievement), confinement habits (schedule, new hobby, sleep duration, cellphone and computer use, sports, schoolwork), and sources of support (parents and teachers) are associated with more or less internalized symptoms in Canadian adolescents. Differences between boys and girls are also investigated. Between April 8 and 30 (2020) and through an online survey, 895 Canadian adolescents (74% girls) aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.7) were recruited. Path analysis was performed to identify significant associations between sociodemographic characteristics, confinement habits, support variables, and internalized symptoms. Independent samples t-tests and invariance tests were conducted to compare boys and girls. Results suggest that certain confinement habits (time spent using cellphones, doing sports and schoolwork, finding a new hobby) and support variables (parents working outside the home) were significantly and negatively associated with internalized symptoms. Regarding the sex differences, girls used their cellphones more and invariance test results showed that all associations between predictors and symptoms were statistically similar for boys and girls. This study's results help understand better adolescents' experience in confinement. It sheds light on the habits likely to characterize those who are less at risk of experiencing distress, making it possible to better support adolescents during this challenging period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Tardif-Grenier
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5, Saint-Joseph street, Saint-Jerome, QC J7Z 0B7 Canada
| | - Isabelle Archambault
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent d’Indy street, Montréal, Québec H2V 2S9 Canada
| | - Véronique Dupéré
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent d’Indy street, Montréal, Québec H2V 2S9 Canada
| | - Amy K. Marks
- Suffolk University, 73 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02108 USA
| | - Elizabeth Olivier
- Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8 Canada
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Giles JR, Cummings DAT, Grenfell BT, Tatem AJ, zu Erbach-Schoenberg E, Metcalf CJE, Wesolowski A. Trip duration drives shift in travel network structure with implications for the predictability of spatial disease spread. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009127. [PMID: 34375331 PMCID: PMC8378725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human travel is one of the primary drivers of infectious disease spread. Models of travel are often used that assume the amount of travel to a specific destination decreases as cost of travel increases with higher travel volumes to more populated destinations. Trip duration, the length of time spent in a destination, can also impact travel patterns. We investigated the spatial patterns of travel conditioned on trip duration and find distinct differences between short and long duration trips. In short-trip duration travel networks, trips are skewed towards urban destinations, compared with long-trip duration networks where travel is more evenly spread among locations. Using gravity models to inform connectivity patterns in simulations of disease transmission, we show that pathogens with shorter generation times exhibit initial patterns of spatial propagation that are more predictable among urban locations. Further, pathogens with a longer generation time have more diffusive patterns of spatial spread reflecting more unpredictable disease dynamics. During an epidemic of an infectious pathogen, cases of disease can be imported to new locations when people travel. The amount of time that an infected person spends in a destination (trip duration) determines how likely they are to infect others while travelling. In this study, we analyzed travel data and found specific spatial patterns in trip duration, where short-duration trips are more common between urban destinations and long-duration trips are evenly spread out among locations. To show how this spatial pattern impacts the spread of infectious diseases, we used data-driven models and simulations to show that pathogens with shorter generation times have patterns of spatial spread that are more predictable among urban locations. However, pathogens with longer generation times tend to spread along the long-duration travel networks that are more evenly distributed among locations giving them more unpredictable disease dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Giles
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Derek A. T. Cummings
- Department of Biology and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bryan T. Grenfell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Tatem
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - CJE Metcalf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Amy Wesolowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Mack DL, DaSilva AW, Rogers C, Hedlund E, Murphy EI, Vojdanovski V, Plomp J, Wang W, Nepal SK, Holtzheimer PE, Wagner DD, Jacobson NC, Meyer ML, Campbell AT, Huckins JF. Mental Health and Behavior of College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Mobile Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study, Part II. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28892. [PMID: 33900935 PMCID: PMC8183598 DOI: 10.2196/28892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since late 2019, the lives of people across the globe have been disrupted by COVID-19. Millions of people have become infected with the disease, while billions of people have been continually asked or required by local and national governments to change their behavioral patterns. Previous research on the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that it is associated with large-scale behavioral and mental health changes; however, few studies have been able to track these changes with frequent, near real-time sampling or compare these changes to previous years of data for the same individuals. OBJECTIVE By combining mobile phone sensing and self-reported mental health data in a cohort of college-aged students enrolled in a longitudinal study, we seek to understand the behavioral and mental health impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, measured by interest across the United States in the search terms coronavirus and COVID fatigue. METHODS Behaviors such as the number of locations visited, distance traveled, duration of phone use, number of phone unlocks, sleep duration, and sedentary time were measured using the StudentLife mobile smartphone sensing app. Depression and anxiety were assessed using weekly self-reported ecological momentary assessments, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. The participants were 217 undergraduate students. Differences in behaviors and self-reported mental health collected during the Spring 2020 term, as compared to previous terms in the same cohort, were modeled using mixed linear models. RESULTS Linear mixed models demonstrated differences in phone use, sleep, sedentary time and number of locations visited associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In further models, these behaviors were strongly associated with increased interest in COVID fatigue. When mental health metrics (eg, depression and anxiety) were added to the previous measures (week of term, number of locations visited, phone use, sedentary time), both anxiety and depression (P<.001) were significantly associated with interest in COVID fatigue. Notably, these behavioral and mental health changes are consistent with those observed around the initial implementation of COVID-19 lockdowns in the spring of 2020. CONCLUSIONS In the initial lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, people spent more time on their phones, were more sedentary, visited fewer locations, and exhibited increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. As the pandemic persisted through the spring, people continued to exhibit very similar changes in both mental health and behaviors. Although these large-scale shifts in mental health and behaviors are unsurprising, understanding them is critical in disrupting the negative consequences to mental health during the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante L Mack
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Alex W DaSilva
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Courtney Rogers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Elin Hedlund
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Eilis I Murphy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Vlado Vojdanovski
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jane Plomp
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Subigya K Nepal
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Paul E Holtzheimer
- National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Dylan D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas C Jacobson
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Meghan L Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Andrew T Campbell
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jeremy F Huckins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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Adeyemi OJ. Mobile phone use while driving: Development and validation of knowledge, attitude, and practice survey instruments. J Safety Res 2021; 77:30-39. [PMID: 34092322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Instruments that assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of mobile phone use serve as a primary assessment tool on which mobile phone distracted driving interventions can be designed. The objective of this study is to develop and validate KAP-modeled survey instruments that measure the knowledge of mobile phone hazards while driving (KMPHD), the attitude of drivers towards mobile phone use while driving (AMPUD), and the practice of mobile phone use while driving (PMPUD). METHOD This study was a cross-sectional analytical survey conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three instruments were designed to measure KMPHD, AMPUD, and PMPUD. Content validity, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis were conducted, and items were excluded based on the collective results of the analysis. The domains of the constructs and the reliability of the instruments are reported. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the regression weights of each item and the model fit. RESULTS From an original list of 13, 12, and 10 items in the KMPHD, AMPUD, and PMPUD instruments, a final list of 7, 5, and 7 items were generated in each survey instrument, respectively. Two domains of the knowledge of hazards and practice of mobile phone use were obtained, and attitude to phone use while driving was a single domain. The reliabilities (Cronbach alpha) of the KMPHD (0.881), AMPUD (0.954), and PMPUD (0.920) were sufficiently high. Also, all items in the three instruments had moderate-to-high regression coefficients, and the model fits of the instruments were good. CONCLUSIONS This study provides KAP-modeled survey instruments that can be used to assess a population-based knowledge, attitude, and practice of mobile phone use while driving. Practical Applications: This survey instrument can be used in assessing baseline knowledge, attitude, and practice of phone use while driving and determine the focus and effectiveness of mobile phone-induced distracted driving interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun John Adeyemi
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States; University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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10
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Chen W, He Y, Pan S. Impact of air pollution on human activities: Evidence from nine million mobile phone users. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251288. [PMID: 34010277 PMCID: PMC8133462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To measure the effects of air pollution on human activities, this study applies statistical/econometric modeling to hourly data of 9 million mobile phone users from six cities in China’s Zhejiang Province from December 18 to 21, 2013. Under a change in air quality from “Good” (Air Quality Index, or AQI, between 51 and 100) to “Heavily Polluted” (AQI between 201 to 300), the following effects are demonstrated. (i) Consistent with the literature, for every one million people, 1, 482 fewer individuals are observed at parks, 95% confidence interval or CI (−2, 229, −735), which represents a 15% decrease. (ii) The number of individuals at shopping malls has no statistically significant change. (iii) Home is the most important location under worsening air quality, and for every one million people, 63, 088 more individuals are observed at home, 95% CI (47, 815, 78, 361), which represents a 19% increase. (iv) Individuals are on average 633 meters closer to their home, 95% CI (529, 737); as a benchmark, the median distance from home ranges from 300 to 1900 meters across the cities in our sample. These effects are not due to weather or government regulations. We also provided provisional evidence that individuals engage in inter-temporal activity substitutions within a day, which leads to mitigated (but not nullified) effects of air pollution on daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (WC); (YHH); (SP)
| | - YingHua He
- Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WC); (YHH); (SP)
| | - Shiyuan Pan
- CRPE and School of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WC); (YHH); (SP)
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Kalantari AH, Monavar Yazdi S, Hill T, Mohammadzadeh Moghaddam A, Ayati E, Sullman MJM. Psychosocial factors associated with the self-reported frequency of cell phone use while driving in Iran. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249827. [PMID: 33882099 PMCID: PMC8059850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell phone use while driving is a common contributing factor in thousands of road traffic injuries every year globally. Despite extensive research investigating the risks associated with cell phone use while driving, social media campaigns to raise public awareness and a number of laws banning phone use while driving, this behaviour remains prevalent throughout the world. The current study was conducted in Iran, where road traffic injuries are the leading causes of death and disability, and where drivers continue to use their cell phones, despite legislative bans restricting this behaviour. A total of 255 drivers in the city of Mashhad (male = 66.3%; mean age = 30.73 years; SD = 9.89) completed either an online or a paper-based survey assessing the self-reported frequency of using a cell phone while driving. Psychosocial factors contributing to cell phone use while driving and support for legislation restricting this behaviour, as well as the Big Five personality traits, were also measured. Overall, the results showed that almost 93% of drivers use their cell phones while driving at least once a week, with 32.5% reporting they always use their cell phones while driving. Ordinal logistic regression revealed that the presence of a child passenger, age, perceived benefits and risks of using cell phones while driving, as well as the perceived ability to drive safely while using a cell phone, were strongly associated with the frequency of cell phone use while driving. As for personality traits-extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness significantly predicted the frequency of cell phone use in this sample of Iranian drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tetiana Hill
- Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Abolfazl Mohammadzadeh Moghaddam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Techno-Economic Road Safety Research Center, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Ayati
- Techno-Economic Road Safety Research Center, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Bastos JT, Dos Santos PAB, Amancio EC, Gadda TMC, Ramalho JA, King MJ, Oviedo-Trespalacios O. Is organized carpooling safer? Speeding and distracted driving behaviors from a naturalistic driving study in Brazil. Accid Anal Prev 2021; 152:105992. [PMID: 33549972 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carpooling consists of drivers and passengers sharing a journey and its costs. Nowadays, in the context of mobility as a service, organized carpooling encompasses a service and trust relationship between drivers and passengers, by matching common routes and splitting cost through mobile phone applications. Therefore, passengers expect a certain level of travel quality and safety. In this context, this research aims to verify the hypothesis that drivers in an organized carpooling situation (CP) show safer driving behavior in terms of speeding (SP) and mobile phone use while driving (MPU) in comparison with non-carpooling (NCP) drivers. The research is based on data from the Brazilian Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS-BR) conducted in the City of Curitiba, with 40.45 driving hours and a traveled distance of 895.87 km. Methodology included the selection of safety performance indicators on SP and MPU, use of nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test for safety performance indicator comparisons and Pearson Chi-Square to test the association between CP or NCP and low or high indicator values. Hypothesis test results point in the same direction and partially confirm the initial assumption that CP induces safer behavior in terms of speeding. The statistically sound results showed that CP drivers engaged in less speeding episodes and mobile phone use duration in comparison to NCP drivers, as well as lower speed while using a mobile phone. In addition, driver behavior in CP and NCP situations also differed in terms of the type of MPU, with the proportion of types of use that demand a higher level of visual and manual distraction being higher among NCP drivers. In summary, these results confirm the initial hypothesis of safer driving behavior during carpooling in terms of MPU while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Tiago Bastos
- Department of Transportation, Graduate Program on Urban Planning, Federal University of Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Augusto B Dos Santos
- Department of Transportation, Graduate Program on Urban Planning, Federal University of Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cesar Amancio
- Academic Department of Civil Construction, Graduate Program on Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Parana. Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Maria C Gadda
- Academic Department of Civil Construction, Graduate Program on Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Parana. Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - José Aurélio Ramalho
- National Observatory for Road Safety, Rua Nove de Julho, 831, Indaiatuba, Brazil
| | - Mark J King
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT). K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT). K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Kong X, Das S, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Characterizing phone usage while driving: Safety impact from road and operational perspectives using factor analysis. Accid Anal Prev 2021; 152:106012. [PMID: 33578218 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phone use while driving (PUWD) is one of the most crucial factors of distraction related traffic crashes. This study utilized an unsupervised learning method, known as factor analysis, on a unique distracted driving dataset to understand PUWD behavior from the roadway geometry and operational perspectives. The results indicate that the presence of a shoulder, median, and access control on the relatively higher functional class roadways could encourage more PUWD events. The roadways with relatively lower speed limits could have high PUWD event occurrences if the variation in operating speed is high. The results also confirm the correlations between the frequency of PUWD events and the frequency of distracted crashes. This relationship is strong on urban roadways. For rural roadways, this correlation is only strong on the roadways with a large amount of PUWD events. The findings could help transportation agencies to identify suitable countermeasures in reducing distraction related crashes. Moreover, this study provides researchers a new perspective to study PUWD behavior rather than only focus on drivers' personalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Kong
- Texas A&M University, 3135 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3135, United States.
| | - Subasish Das
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 1111 RELLIS Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, United States.
| | - Hongmin Zhou
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 701 N. Post Oak Road, Suite 430, Houston, TX 77024, United States.
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 3136 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3136, United States.
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Cot C, Cacciapaglia G, Sannino F. Mining Google and Apple mobility data: temporal anatomy for COVID-19 social distancing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4150. [PMID: 33602967 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-76030/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We employ the Google and Apple mobility data to identify, quantify and classify different degrees of social distancing and characterise their imprint on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and in the United States. We identify the period of enacted social distancing via Google and Apple data, independently from the political decisions. Our analysis allows us to classify different shades of social distancing measures for the first wave of the pandemic. We observe a strong decrease in the infection rate occurring two to five weeks after the onset of mobility reduction. A universal time scale emerges, after which social distancing shows its impact. We further provide an actual measure of the impact of social distancing for each region, showing that the effect amounts to a reduction by 20-40% in the infection rate in Europe and 30-70% in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Cot
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, UMR5822, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69001, Lyon, France
| | - Giacomo Cacciapaglia
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, UMR5822, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69001, Lyon, France.
| | - Francesco Sannino
- CP3-Origins & the Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Pancini, Università di Napoli Federico II & INFN sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Edificio 6, via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
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15
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Abstract
We employ the Google and Apple mobility data to identify, quantify and classify different degrees of social distancing and characterise their imprint on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and in the United States. We identify the period of enacted social distancing via Google and Apple data, independently from the political decisions. Our analysis allows us to classify different shades of social distancing measures for the first wave of the pandemic. We observe a strong decrease in the infection rate occurring two to five weeks after the onset of mobility reduction. A universal time scale emerges, after which social distancing shows its impact. We further provide an actual measure of the impact of social distancing for each region, showing that the effect amounts to a reduction by 20-40% in the infection rate in Europe and 30-70% in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Cot
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, UMR5822, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69001, Lyon, France
| | - Giacomo Cacciapaglia
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, UMR5822, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69001, Lyon, France.
| | - Francesco Sannino
- CP3-Origins & the Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Pancini, Università di Napoli Federico II & INFN sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Edificio 6, via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
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16
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Meng J, Wang F, Chen R, Hua H, Yang Q, Yang D, Wang N, Li X, Ma F, Huang L, Zou Z, Li M, Wang T, Luo Y, Li Y, Liu Y. Association between the pattern of mobile phone use and sleep quality in Northeast China college students. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:2259-2267. [PMID: 33532989 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, mobile penetration is high amongst college students. The aims of this study were to investigate the characteristics of mobile phone use and to explore the influence of mobile phone use characteristics on sleep quality amongst college students. METHODS From December 2016 to January 2017, we collected mobile phone use characteristics and sleep quality data using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and standardised questionnaires that were answered by 4500 medical university students in Liaoning Province (actual response rate of 94%, n = 4234 college students). This study used the SPSS 21.0 software to establish the database and perform the statistical analysis. RESULTS One hundred percent of the college students had mobile phones and used mobile phones for entertainment (91%), work (51%), obtaining information (61%), and other purposes (23%). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference in the PSQI score between students who held the phone at a distance of more than 10 cm from their eyes and those who held it a distance of less than 10 cm (P = 0.002). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of poor sleep quality was 1.21-1.53 times higher for those who spent more than 5 h a day using their phones and 1.41-1.59 times higher for those who used their phones for more than half an hour before going to bed when the lights were off. CONCLUSIONS Daily cumulative mobile phone use and use with the lights off before sleep are associated with poorer sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Meng
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Rentong Chen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Hua
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Personnel, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Liting Huang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zou
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Menglin Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Tieting Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yannan Luo
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunda Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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17
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Wang X, Xu R, Asmelash A, Xing Y, Lee C. Characteristics of driver cell phone use and their influence on driving performance: A naturalistic driving study. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 148:105845. [PMID: 33120181 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell phone use while driving is becoming a key problem in traffic safety as it causes visual-manual distraction and has been linked to increases in crash rates. The use of hand-held phones has been banned in several countries, yet research comparing the safety of hands-free phone use with hand-held has produced inconsistent results. Analysis of specific phone use characteristics could help move this traffic safety problem toward a solution, but few studies have considered the influence on driving performance of specific sets of phone use characteristics in combination with other factors such as driving context and driver demographic characteristics. The main objective of this paper is therefore to identify and analyze these factors to determine their effects on driving performance indicators such as speed changes. To this end, 1244 phone events were collected from 52 drivers from the Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study (SH-NDS), the first naturalistic driving data in China. Because subtasks within a phone event may cause different visual-manual distractions, a hierarchical coding structure for phone events was built. A total of 5662 eyes-off-road (EOR) cases and 4237 subtasks were extracted. The results showed that on average, the participating drivers used the phone for 6.08 % of their driving time; for 17 % of phone use time, drivers used both hands to manipulate the phone; and their average EOR time was 3.16 s, which is equivalent to driving blindly for 22.82 m at an average speed of 7.22 m/s, or 26 km/hr. The effect of phone use on driving performance, including speed, headway, and lane offset, was analyzed with ANOVA. Results showed that standard deviations (SD) of all three parameters were significantly lower during phone periods than during baseline periods. The speed SD during phone use was 0.95 lower than baseline, the headway SD was 2.48 lower, and the absolute lane offset SD was 685.72 lower than baseline. These lower SDs indicate that drivers operated their vehicles with less fluctuation during phone use. While we were unable to find similar differences in mean speed and mean headway, mean lane offset was also significantly lower with phone use than without. A decision tree was developed to identify the factors influencing driver speed change. Results showed that drivers increased, decreased, or maintained speed depending on the type and duration of phone tasks, the duration of the trip, and the type of roadway. Greater understanding of the specific aspects of phone use and their influences on driver distraction and performance will permit the development of more effective countermeasures, including legislation, enforcement, blocking technologies, social norms education, and sending Do Not Disturb messages to callers, all of which will be required to mitigate continued deaths and injuries from phone use while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Optimization of Road Traffic and Safety Analysis Technologies, 88 Qianrong Rd, Wuxi 214151, China.
| | - Rongjiao Xu
- School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Abrha Asmelash
- School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yilun Xing
- School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Chris Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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18
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Kang Y, Gao S, Liang Y, Li M, Rao J, Kruse J. Multiscale dynamic human mobility flow dataset in the U.S. during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sci Data 2020. [PMID: 33184280 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13135085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding dynamic human mobility changes and spatial interaction patterns at different geographic scales is crucial for assessing the impacts of non-pharmaceutical interventions (such as stay-at-home orders) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this data descriptor, we introduce a regularly-updated multiscale dynamic human mobility flow dataset across the United States, with data starting from March 1st, 2020. By analysing millions of anonymous mobile phone users' visits to various places provided by SafeGraph, the daily and weekly dynamic origin-to-destination (O-D) population flows are computed, aggregated, and inferred at three geographic scales: census tract, county, and state. There is high correlation between our mobility flow dataset and openly available data sources, which shows the reliability of the produced data. Such a high spatiotemporal resolution human mobility flow dataset at different geographic scales over time may help monitor epidemic spreading dynamics, inform public health policy, and deepen our understanding of human behaviour changes under the unprecedented public health crisis. This up-to-date O-D flow open data can support many other social sensing and transportation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Kang
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Song Gao
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - Yunlei Liang
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Mingxiao Li
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Jinmeng Rao
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Jake Kruse
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
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19
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Kang Y, Gao S, Liang Y, Li M, Rao J, Kruse J. Multiscale dynamic human mobility flow dataset in the U.S. during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sci Data 2020; 7:390. [PMID: 33184280 PMCID: PMC7661515 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding dynamic human mobility changes and spatial interaction patterns at different geographic scales is crucial for assessing the impacts of non-pharmaceutical interventions (such as stay-at-home orders) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this data descriptor, we introduce a regularly-updated multiscale dynamic human mobility flow dataset across the United States, with data starting from March 1st, 2020. By analysing millions of anonymous mobile phone users' visits to various places provided by SafeGraph, the daily and weekly dynamic origin-to-destination (O-D) population flows are computed, aggregated, and inferred at three geographic scales: census tract, county, and state. There is high correlation between our mobility flow dataset and openly available data sources, which shows the reliability of the produced data. Such a high spatiotemporal resolution human mobility flow dataset at different geographic scales over time may help monitor epidemic spreading dynamics, inform public health policy, and deepen our understanding of human behaviour changes under the unprecedented public health crisis. This up-to-date O-D flow open data can support many other social sensing and transportation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Kang
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Song Gao
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - Yunlei Liang
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Mingxiao Li
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Jinmeng Rao
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Jake Kruse
- GeoDS Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
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20
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Lee M, Zhao J, Sun Q, Pan Y, Zhou W, Xiong C, Zhang L. Human mobility trends during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241468. [PMID: 33166301 PMCID: PMC7652287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In March of this year, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, and it continues to threaten public health. This global health crisis imposes limitations on daily movements, which have deteriorated every sector in our society. Understanding public reactions to the virus and the non-pharmaceutical interventions should be of great help to fight COVID-19 in a strategic way. We aim to provide tangible evidence of the human mobility trends by comparing the day-by-day variations across the U.S. from January 2020 to early April 2020. Large-scale public mobility at an aggregated level is observed by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing. Our study captures spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as the sociodemographic variations and teleworking trends regarding the pandemic propagation and the non-pharmaceutical mobility interventions. All metrics adapted capture decreased public movements after the national emergency declaration. The population staying home has increased in all states before the stay-at-home mandates implemented and becomes more stable after the order with a smaller range of fluctuation. The public had been taking active responses, voluntarily staying home more, to the in-state confirmed cases while the stay-at-home orders stabilize the variations. As the estimated teleworking rates also continue to incline throughout the study period, the teleworking trend can be another driving factor for the growing stay-at-home population. We confirm that there exists overall mobility heterogeneity between the income or population density groups. The study suggests that public mobility trends are in line with the government message urging to stay home. We anticipate our data-driven analysis offers integrated perspectives and serves as evidence to raise public awareness and, consequently, reinforce the importance of social distancing while assisting policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minha Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maryland Transportation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maryland Transportation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maryland Transportation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yixuan Pan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maryland Transportation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weiyi Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maryland Transportation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chenfeng Xiong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maryland Transportation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maryland Transportation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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21
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Yabe T, Tsubouchi K, Fujiwara N, Wada T, Sekimoto Y, Ukkusuri SV. Non-compulsory measures sufficiently reduced human mobility in Tokyo during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18053. [PMID: 33093497 PMCID: PMC7581808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While large scale mobility data has become a popular tool to monitor the mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impacts of non-compulsory measures in Tokyo, Japan on human mobility patterns has been under-studied. Here, we analyze the temporal changes in human mobility behavior, social contact rates, and their correlations with the transmissibility of COVID-19, using mobility data collected from more than 200K anonymized mobile phone users in Tokyo. The analysis concludes that by April 15th (1 week into state of emergency), human mobility behavior decreased by around 50%, resulting in a 70% reduction of social contacts in Tokyo, showing the strong relationships with non-compulsory measures. Furthermore, the reduction in data-driven human mobility metrics showed correlation with the decrease in estimated effective reproduction number of COVID-19 in Tokyo. Such empirical insights could inform policy makers on deciding sufficient levels of mobility reduction to contain the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yabe
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Naoya Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Wada
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Satish V Ukkusuri
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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22
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Quandt A, Salerno JD, Neff JC, Baird TD, Herrick JE, McCabe JT, Xu E, Hartter J. Mobile phone use is associated with higher smallholder agricultural productivity in Tanzania, East Africa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237337. [PMID: 32760125 PMCID: PMC7410319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile phone use is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa, spurring a growing focus on mobile phones as tools to increase agricultural yields and incomes on smallholder farms. However, the research to date on this topic is mixed, with studies finding both positive and neutral associations between phones and yields. In this paper we examine perceptions about the impacts of mobile phones on agricultural productivity, and the relationships between mobile phone use and agricultural yield. We do so by fitting multilevel statistical models to data from farmer-phone owners (n = 179) in 4 rural communities in Tanzania, controlling for site and demographic factors. Results show a positive association between mobile phone use for agricultural activities and reported maize yields. Further, many farmers report that mobile phone use increases agricultural profits (67% of respondents) and decreases the costs (50%) and time investments (47%) of farming. Our findings suggest that there are opportunities to target policy interventions at increasing phone use for agricultural activities in ways that facilitate access to timely, actionable information to support farmer decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Quandt
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan D. Salerno
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jason C. Neff
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Baird
- Department of Geography, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey E. Herrick
- Jornada Experimental Range, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - J. Terrence McCabe
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Emilie Xu
- Fairview High School, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joel Hartter
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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Nguyen-Phuoc DQ, Oviedo-Trespalacios O, Su DN, De Gruyter C, Nguyen T. Mobile phone use among car drivers and motorcycle riders: The effect of problematic mobile phone use, attitudes, beliefs and perceived risk. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 143:105592. [PMID: 32485432 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone use while driving presents significant risks, potentially leading to injury or death through distracted driving. Using a case study of Vietnam, this research aimed to understand the effect of problematic mobile phone use (also known as mobile phone addiction or compulsive mobile phone use), attitudes and beliefs, and perceived risk on the frequency of mobile phone use among motorcyclists and car drivers. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to motorcyclists (n1= 529) and car drivers (n2= 328) using an online survey and face-to-face survey. The survey took around 20-min to complete and participants were entered into a lottery for supermarket vouchers. Of the motorcyclists, 42% of the sample (the highest proportion) was in the 18-25 age group while the 36-45 age group accounted for the highest proportion among car drivers (34.8%). Using structural equation modelling (SEM), key findings showed that each construct influenced mobile phone use, but in different ways for motorcycle riders and car drivers. Attitudes and beliefs had the largest effect on mobile phone use while riding among motorcyclists, with problematic mobile phone use having the smallest influence. In contrast, problematic mobile phone use had the largest effect on mobile phone use while driving a car, with attitudes and beliefs having the smallest effect. The findings of this study point to the need for tailored interventions involving a range of actors (policymakers, police enforcement, mental health professionals, advocacy groups and the wider community) to raise awareness, modify attitudes and increase risk perception associated with mobile phone use while driving/riding. This can be achieved thorough educational tools and road safety campaigns which are focused on reducing this risky driving behaviour. This includes customising road safety programs for individuals and groups affected by problematic mobile phone use such as targeted advertising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Q Nguyen-Phuoc
- Division of Construction Computation, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Faculty of Health, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Diep Ngoc Su
- University of Economics - The University of Danang, 71 Ngu Hanh Son, Danang City, Vietnam.
| | - Chris De Gruyter
- Centre for Urban Research, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, City Campus, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Teron Nguyen
- Faculty of Bridge and Road Engineering, University of Science and Technology - The University of Danang, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang Street, Lien Chieu District, Danang City, Vietnam.
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Lu D, Guo F, Li F. Evaluating the causal effects of cellphone distraction on crash risk using propensity score methods. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 143:105579. [PMID: 32480016 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE This paper evaluates the causal effects of cellphone distraction on traffic crashes using propensity score weighting approaches and naturalistic driving study (NDS) data. METHODS We adopt three propensity score weighting approaches to estimate the causal odds ratio (OR) of cellphone use on three different event-populations, including average treatment effect (ATE) on the whole population, average treatment effect on the treated population (ATT), and average treatment effect on the overlapping population (ATO). Three types of cellphone distractions are evaluated: overall cellphone use, talking, and visual-manual tasks. The propensity scores are estimated based on driver, roadway, and environmental characteristics. The Second Strategic Highway Research Program NDS data used in this study include 3400 participant drivers with 1047 severe crashes and 19,798 random case-cohort control driving segments. RESULTS The study reveals several highly imbalanced potential confounding factors among cellphone use groups, e.g., income, age, and time of day, which could lead to biased risk estimation. All three propensity score approaches improve the balance of the baseline characteristics. The propensity score adjusted ORs differ from unweighted ORs substantially, ranging from -44.25% to 54.88%. Specifically, the adjusted ORs for young drivers are higher than unweighted ORs and these for middle-age drivers are lower. Among different cellphone related distractions, the ORs associated with visual-manual tasks (OR range: 3.47-6.63) are uniformly higher than overall cellphone distraction and cellphone talking (OR range: 0.63-4.15). Cellphone talking increases the risk for young drivers but has no significant impact on middle-age drivers. CONCLUSION Propensity score approaches effectively mitigate potential confounding effect caused by imbalanced driver environmental characteristics in the observational NDS data. The ATT and ATO estimands are recommended for NDS case-cohort studies. ATT reflects the effect among exposed events, i.e. crashes or controls with cellphone exposure and ATO reflects the effect among events with similar characteristics. The study confirms the significant causal effect of overall cellphone distraction on crash risk and the heterogeneity in safety impact by age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lu
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, 406A Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, 406A Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Driver, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, 122 Old Chemistry Building, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Widyanti A, Pratama GB, Anindya AH, Sari FP, Sumali A, Salma SA, Yamin PAR, Soetisna HR. Mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists: prevalence and influencing factors. Traffic Inj Prev 2020; 21:459-463. [PMID: 32658550 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1789121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Indonesia is one of many developing countries that relies on motorcycles as a major mode of transportation. Unfortunately, the widespread use of motorcycles in Indonesia coincides with a high number of motorcycle accidents which can often be attributed to unsafe behaviors of the motorcyclist. One unsafe behavior that is common and hypothetically associated with accidents is the use of a mobile phone while motorcycling. The aim of the present study was to observe the prevalence and behavior of mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists and the factors that might have influenced their behavior. METHODS Five hundred Indonesian motorcyclists voluntarily participated in this study by filling out a questionnaire that gathered demographic data, motorcycling behaviors, and a statement related to what factors might influence their likelihood to use a mobile phone while motorcycling. A descriptive statistic and Structural Equation Modeling were applied in analyzing the data. RESULTS Results showed that the prevalence of mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists was 75%. The demographic data that significantly influenced mobile phone use during motorcycling were age, education level, marital status, and number of children. Occupation, gender, and prior experiences that included accidents and tickets with fines did not influence the use of mobile phones during motorcycling. The behavioral model showed that the factors that influenced motorcyclist's intentions to avoid mobile phone use during motorcycling were attitude, perceived behavioral control, and cues to action. CONCLUSIONS This study supports previous findings regarding the high prevalence of mobile phone use among motorcyclists in developing countries. The models implied that further investigation on intervention strategy to minimize mobile phone use during motorcycling is a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Widyanti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Gradiyan Budi Pratama
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Alifia Hayu Anindya
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Fita Permata Sari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Amelia Sumali
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sheila Amalia Salma
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Putra A R Yamin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Herman R Soetisna
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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Shaaban K, Gaweesh S, Ahmed MM. Investigating in-vehicle distracting activities and crash risks for young drivers using structural equation modeling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235325. [PMID: 32614872 PMCID: PMC7332036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Distracted driving has been considered one of the main reasons for traffic crashes in recent times, especially among young drivers. The objectives of this study were to identify the distracting activities in which young drivers engage, assess the most distracting ones based on their experiences, and investigate the factors that might increase crash risk. The data were collected through a self-report questionnaire. Most participants reported frequent cell phone use while driving. Other reported activities include adjusting audio devices, chatting with passengers, smoking, eating, and drinking. A structural equation model was constructed to identify the latent variables that have a significant influence on crash risk. The analysis showed that in-vehicle distractions had a high effect on the crash likelihood. The results also indicated that dangerous driving behavior had a direct effect on the crash risk probability, as well as on the rash driving latent variables. The results provide insight into distracted driving behavior among young drivers and can be useful in developing enforcement and educational strategies to reduce this type of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Shaaban
- Department of Civil Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Transportation and Traffic Safety Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sherif Gaweesh
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Mohamed M. Ahmed
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, United States Department of Transportation, McLean, Virginia, United States of America
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Olamoyegun MA, Emuoyibofarhe OJ, Ala OA, Ugwu E. Mobile Phone Use in the Management of Diabetes in Nigeria: A New Potential Weapon. West Afr J Med 2020; 37:201-208. [PMID: 32476111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the leading chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries globally including Nigeria The morbidities and mortalities associated with diabetes especially in Nigeria, have remained unacceptably high compared to many other nations. It has become one of the leading causes of stroke, blindness, heart attack and end-stage kidney disease. Most deaths occur in those below 60 years of age, the productive segments of the population. Health situation in Nigeria is characterised by double burden of illness, grossly inadequate health spending, and inadequate healthcare personnel especially in the rural areas. Shortage of diabetes care specialist is one of the major barriers to diabetes care in Nigeria. Mobile phone has emerged as one of the potent strategies that can impact positively on diabetes care if properly harnessed. The ubiquitous access and the multitasking nature of mobile phones are great opportunities to improve diabetes prevention, patient care, encourage self-management, support healthy behavioural changes and an ideal way of providing patient-centred care at the frequency and intensity that patient desires. In addition, there is a potential for mobile phones to provide an effective way of giving support to patients in rural and remote areas where health care provider contact may be less accessible. Use of short message services (SMS) phone calls, video calls and the use of social media networking applications are some of the ways a mobile phone can be used in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Olamoyegun
- Departments of Internal Medicine; Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Unit; Ladoke Akintola University of Technology/LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O J Emuoyibofarhe
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, E-Health Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O A Ala
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology & Diabetes Unit, BOWEN University/BOWEN Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - E Ugwu
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Unit, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Casey TW. Who uses a mobile phone while driving for food delivery? The role of personality, risk perception, and driving self-efficacy. J Safety Res 2020; 73:69-80. [PMID: 32563410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The existing literature on mobile phone use while driving (MPUWD) mainly targets the participants from general population and the young adults, however, few studies pay attention to this form of distracted driving with samples in professional contexts. The present study aims to bridge the gap by identifying the extent of and the motives behind making use of mobile phones while driving for food dispatch among deliveryman. METHOD The snowball sampling was used to collect the data (N = 317) through a self-reported questionnaire, including demographics, personality traits, risk perception, driving self-efficacy, and mobile phone use while driving. RESULTS Descriptive analysis for the assessed MPUWD behaviors showed that 96.3% (N = 315) of food deliveryman undertook the MPUWD behaviors, though disproportionate distribution among these behaviors existed. Structural equation modeling analysis displayed that psychoticism and driving self-efficacy directly predicted the MPUWD behaviors. The mediating role of driving self-efficacy was verified with the findings that driving self-efficacy completely mediated the relationships that between risk perception and MPUWD behaviors and that between extraversion and MPUWD behaviors, as well as partially mediated the correlation between psychoticism and MPUWD behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the prevalence of MPUWD behaviors among food deliveryman. The SEM estimates and bootstrap estimates suggest that personality traits and perceived risk perception per se display limited predicting utility to MPUWD behaviors among food deliveryman, whereas driving self-efficacy and the proposed predictors together well illustrate the assessed MPUWD behaviors among food deliveryman. Practical Applications: These findings imply that developing and implementing intervention efforts in a concerted way would curb these behaviors effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Yangsen Huang
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yibao Wang
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Tristan W Casey
- Safety Science Innovation Lab, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Australia
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Li X, Oviedo-Trespalacios O, Rakotonirainy A. Drivers' gap acceptance behaviours at intersections: A driving simulator study to understand the impact of mobile phone visual-manual interactions. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 138:105486. [PMID: 32109686 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone use is often considered to be the main source of distraction on the road. Gap acceptance at intersections is a frequent and complex driving task that requires high visual attention from drivers. This study aims to investigate the effect of mobile phone use on the gap acceptance manoeuvre at intersections. Different mobile phone use positions, intersection type, gap size and driver characteristics were considered in the study. A total of 41 licenced drivers drove in an advanced driving simulator in three phone use conditions: baseline (no phone use), using the phone under the steering wheel (covert) and using the phone above the steering wheel (overt). Drivers drove the simulator three times and experienced two intersection types (straight-forward vs. left-turn) and two gap sizes (4 s vs. 7 s) during each drive. A parametric accelerated failure time (AFT) duration model was developed to evaluate the intersection crossing completion time of drivers. The results showed no significant difference of gap acceptance behaviours between the two phone use positions. The distraction task did not affect drivers' gap acceptance decision, but it increased the crossing completion time by over 10 % compared to baseline. Besides, drivers behaved conservatively at intersections while using a mobile phone, such as adopting a larger deceleration, waiting a longer time, and mainting a larger distance to the front vehicle, etc. However, these compensational behaviours were not helpful in improving the intersection traffic situation regarding both safety and efficiency. Intersection type and gap size were both significant factors of gap acceptance decision and crossing completion time. Additionally, younger drivers were more likely to accept a gap than older drivers, and female drivers spent longer time to cross the intersection than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia.
| | - Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia.
| | - Andry Rakotonirainy
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia.
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Oviedo-Trespalacios O, Truelove V, King M. "It is frustrating to not have control even though I know it's not legal!": A mixed-methods investigation on applications to prevent mobile phone use while driving. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 137:105412. [PMID: 32006729 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone distracted driving is a major risk factor for crashes. However, this behaviour has been increasing in recent years. Effective enforcement of mobile phone bans while driving faces several obstacles; as such, it is important to consider additional countermeasures. Applications designed to prevent distracted driving are a promising solution, yet more research is needed that examines their effectiveness in reducing dangerous phone use while driving behaviours. Additionally, these applications are voluntary in nature; therefore, an understanding of drivers' perceptions of the applications is necessary to determine how to improve uptake. A mixed methods design was utilised to examine these factors in a comprehensive manner. A total of 40 participants used the smartphone application "Do Not Disturb While Driving" for iOS phone operating systems or "Android Auto" for Android phone operating systems for approximately one week and completed three diary entries reporting on their experience. Two questionnaires that examined phone use while driving behaviours were also administered to participants; one before and one after completing the study. The quantitative results found that engagement in 1) visual-manual, 2) cognitive-auditory and 3) music mobile phone interactions significantly decreased while using the application. Distraction engagement and mental workload while driving also significantly decreased while using the application. The qualitative results identified a number of areas of improvement that need to be addressed, e.g. activation of the application and Bluetooth connection reliability. The features that required improvement presented an obstacle for effective use of the applications, and in some cases resulted in drivers deciding to stop using the application. Positive perceptions of the application were associated with the experiences of the application functioning appropriately and activating automatically. These results show that applications designed for voluntary use to prevent mobile phone distracted driving are a promising countermeasure, although current applications require several improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia; Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Verity Truelove
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia; Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Mark King
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia
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Ng KC, Wu LH, Lam HY, Lam LK, Nip PY, Ng CM, Leung KC, Leung SF. The relationships between mobile phone use and depressive symptoms, bodily pain, and daytime sleepiness in Hong Kong secondary school students. Addict Behav 2020; 101:105975. [PMID: 31076240 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have found that increased mobile phone use (MPU) is associated with multiple health issues such as depression, disordered sleep and pain. However, the current situation and interrelationships of these problems remain unexplored in the Hong Kong population. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to understand the situation and problematic use of mobile phones by Hong Kong secondary school students and to investigate depressive symptoms, bodily pain and daytime sleepiness and the associations of these factors with MPU in Hong Kong secondary school students. METHODS This quantitative cross-sectional design study was based on self-administered questionnaires completed at five secondary schools. The questionnaire comprised five sections: MPU as measured by the Chinese version of the 10-Item Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (CMPPUS-10); depressive symptoms according to the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 Chinese Version (DASS-21); bodily pain according to the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form Chinese (BPISF-C); daytime sleepiness as measured using the Chinese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (CESS) and socio-demographic questions. RESULTS A total of 686 students were recruited. The CMPPUS-10 score correlated positively with the average daily duration of MPU and the presence of depression, daytime sleepiness and bodily pain. Problematic mobile phone users received significantly higher scores for depression severity, bodily pain and daytime sleepiness. Health problems were significantly more severe in female than in male students. Bodily pain and daytime sleepiness mediated the relationship of MPU with depression. CONCLUSIONS Problematic MPU was associated with depression, bodily pain and daytime sleepiness. These findings will inform further studies of MPU-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Chun Ng
- Master of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Lai Har Wu
- The School of Nursing at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Hoi Yan Lam
- Master of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Lai Kuen Lam
- Master of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Po Yan Nip
- Master of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Cho Man Ng
- Master of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Ka Chun Leung
- Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Sau Fong Leung
- The School of Nursing at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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Truong LT, Nguyen HTT. Mobile phone related crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 132:105288. [PMID: 31505306 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In many countries, motorcycle taxis remain an important mode of travel due to their fast, flexible, and inexpensive service. The recent advent of ride-hailing services has led to dramatic growth in the fleet of motorcycle taxis and additional types of motorcycle taxi drivers. Furthermore, mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle is an emerging safety issue, particularly among ride-hailing motorcycle taxi drivers. This paper investigates mobile phone use while riding, crashes and mobile phone related crashes among ride-hailing, traditional, and hybrid motorcycle taxi drivers, using data from a survey in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results show that ride-hailing motorcycle taxi drivers had the highest prevalence of mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle taxi (95.3%), followed by hybrid (88.6%) and traditional taxi drivers (64%). Approximately 32.6%, 19.3%, and 9.7% of motorcycle taxi drivers reported being involved in a crash, injury crash, and mobile phone related crash respectively. Mobile phone related crashes represent 20.5% of all reported crashes. Logistic and negative binomial regression were used to explore factors influencing mobile phone use while riding and crash frequencies. Regression results indicate that ride-hailing taxi drivers were more likely to be involved in a mobile phone related crash. Delivery trips were found to be associated with increases in crashes whereas passenger trips were found to be associated with decreases in crashes. Policy implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long T Truong
- Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hang T T Nguyen
- Institute of Construction Engineering, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Chen X, Gong X, Li D, Zhang J. Can information and communication technology reduce CO 2 emission? A quantile regression analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:32977-32992. [PMID: 31512130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By employing China's provincial panel data covering period 2001-2016, the present study empirically investigates the impact of ICT on CO2 emission intensity. Specifically, this paper utilizes Internet penetration and mobile phone penetration as proxies to measure ICT respectively and employs quantile regression method to estimate the benchmark model at five quantiles (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 0.9). It is demonstrated that Internet penetration at the national level has a significant negative effect on the CO2 emission intensity for all quantiles. In addition, Internet penetration has a significant negative effect on CO2 emission intensity at all quantiles except for 0.1 quantile for China's eastern provinces and has a significant negative effect on CO2 emission intensity at all quantiles for China's central provinces, whereas Internet penetration has no significant negative impact on CO2 emission intensity at all quantiles for China's western provinces. By comparison, the reduction effect of Internet penetration on CO2 emission intensity in China's eastern and central provinces is more obvious and in contrast with the reduction effect of Internet penetration on CO2 emission intensity in China's eastern provinces, it is greater in China's central provinces. Finally, the impact of mobile phone penetration on CO2 emission intensity is generally consistent with the impact of Internet penetration. This study provides further evidence that developing countries can simultaneously achieve economic development and reduce carbon emissions through ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- College of Economics and Trade, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, China
- School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Resource-Conserving & Environment-Friendly Society and Ecological Civilization 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hunan Province, School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaomei Gong
- College of Economics and Trade, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, China
- Resource-Conserving & Environment-Friendly Society and Ecological Civilization 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hunan Province, School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dayuan Li
- School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Resource-Conserving & Environment-Friendly Society and Ecological Civilization 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hunan Province, School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Abstract
With the increase in contact list size of mobile phone users, the management and retrieval of contacts has becomes a tedious job. In this study, we analysed some important dimensions that can effectively contribute in predicting which contact a user is going to call at time t. We improved a state of the art algorithm, that uses frequency and recency by adding temporal information as an additional dimension for predicting future calls. The proposed algorithm performs better in overall analysis, but more significantly there was an improvement in the prediction of top contacts of a user as compared to the base algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehk Fatima
- Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Aimal Rextin
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shamaila Hayat
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Dowdell EB, Clayton BQ. Interrupted sleep: College students sleeping with technology. J Am Coll Health 2019; 67:640-646. [PMID: 30365360 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1499655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the influence of cell phones and sleep quality among college students and the prevalence of sleep texting. Participants: Participants were 372 college students at two mid-size universities in 2013. Methods: A survey was used to ask about cell phone use during sleep and sleep quality. Students were asked about hours of sleep, both on a school night, and over the weekend in addition to location of cell phone. Results: A quarter of the sample (25.6%) reported sleep texting behavior along with poor sleep quality and the cell phone influencing their sleep (p < .05). Students that sleep text were more likely to report sleep interruption (p < .000), to place their phone in bed with them (p < .000), have no memory of texting (72%) or what they texted (25%). Conclusions: Sleep texting and its influence on poor sleep habits is a growing trend in a college student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Dowdell
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing , Villanova University , Villanova , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Brianne Q Clayton
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing , Villanova University , Villanova , Pennsylvania , USA
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Auvinen A, Feychting M, Ahlbom A, Hillert L, Elliott P, Schüz J, Kromhout H, Toledano MB, Johansen C, Poulsen AH, Vermeulen R, Heinävaara S, Kojo K, Tettamanti G. Headache, tinnitus and hearing loss in the international Cohort Study of Mobile Phone Use and Health (COSMOS) in Sweden and Finland. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:1567-1579. [PMID: 31302690 PMCID: PMC6857740 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phone use and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from it have been associated with symptoms in some studies, but the studies have shortcomings and their findings are inconsistent. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the association between amount of mobile phone use at baseline and frequency of headache, tinnitus or hearing loss at 4-year follow-up. METHODS The participants had mobile phone subscriptions with major mobile phone network operators in Sweden (n = 21 049) and Finland (n = 3120), gave consent for obtaining their mobile phone call data from operator records at baseline, and filled in both baseline and follow-up questionnaires on symptoms, potential confounders and further characteristics of their mobile phone use. RESULTS The participants with the highest decile of recorded call-time (average call-time >276 min per week) at baseline showed a weak, suggestive increased frequency of weekly headaches at 4-year follow-up (adjusted odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.95-1.34). There was no obvious gradient of weekly headache with increasing call-time (P trend 0.06). The association of headache with call-time was stronger for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network than older Global System for Mobile Telecommunications (GSM) technology, despite the latter involving higher exposure to RF-EMF. Tinnitus and hearing loss showed no association with call-time. CONCLUSIONS People using mobile phones most extensively for making or receiving calls at baseline reported weekly headaches slightly more frequently at follow-up than other users, but this finding largely disappeared after adjustment for confounders and was not related to call-time in GSM with higher RF-EMF exposure. Tinnitus and hearing loss were not associated with amount of call-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi Auvinen
- Environmental Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness, STUK – Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Science/Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Feychting
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ahlbom
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Hillert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- UKDRI Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London and Imperial College London in partnership with Public Health England, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- UKDRI Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London and Imperial College London in partnership with Public Health England, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Surgery and Cancer, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sirpa Heinävaara
- Environmental Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness, STUK – Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Kojo
- Environmental Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness, STUK – Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giorgio Tettamanti
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sood M, Mahapatra A, Chadda RK. Use of mobile phones by patients with serious mental illness attending a general hospital psychiatric outpatient service in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 45:61-62. [PMID: 31518958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Sood
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Ananya Mahapatra
- Dr. Ram Manohar Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi110001, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Chadda
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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Wundersitz L. Driver distraction and inattention in fatal and injury crashes: Findings from in-depth road crash data. Traffic Inj Prev 2019; 20:696-701. [PMID: 31408358 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1644627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the contribution of driver distraction and inattention within fatal and injury crashes using recent in-depth road crash investigation data. To assist in developing system-based solutions, this study also examined the wider context in which inattention-related crashes occurred and the characteristics of inattentive drivers. Methods: The sample included in-depth crash data from 186 fatal and injury crashes in South Australia investigated from 2014 to 2018. Crash case notes were reviewed to determine whether there was evidence that attentional failures contributed to the crash. Using an adapted taxonomy of inattention, 5 subtypes of driver inattention were defined: Misprioritized attention, neglected attention, cursory attention, diverted attention (distraction), and unspecified inattention. The characteristics of inattention crashes were also compared with those for non-inattention-related crashes. Results: Of the 160 crashes for which there was sufficient information to determine whether inattention was a factor, 31.3% showed evidence of driver inattention contributing to the crash. The most common subtypes of inattention were distraction (13.8% of all crashes) and driver misprioritized attention (8.1%). The distraction-related crashes included a variety of different distractions, the majority of which were not technology based (e.g., passenger interaction, searching for/adjusting objects, emotional stress, other road users), with those located in-vehicle the most prevalent. Distraction from mobile phone use was identified in 2.5% of all crashes. The majority of distractions were cognitive (64%) and voluntary (77%) in nature. Inattention crashes were most likely to involve right turn/angle or rear-end crash types and occur at intersections, in metropolitan areas, and in lower speed zones. Conclusions: The findings established that almost a third of fatal and injury crashes involved driver inattention and distraction and many of these could have been prevented. System-wide solutions that could mitigate or prevent distraction crashes include intervening vehicle safety technologies, infrastructure solutions to promote a forgiving road environment, blocking capabilities within technologies to prevent communications while driving, and interventions communicating the risks associated with inattention. Of significance, this study also demonstrated the importance of in-depth data for understanding the contribution of distraction and inattention errors in crash causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wundersitz
- Centre for Automotive Safety Research, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
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Wijayaratna KP, Cunningham ML, Regan MA, Jian S, Chand S, Dixit VV. Mobile phone conversation distraction: Understanding differences in impact between simulator and naturalistic driving studies. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 129:108-118. [PMID: 31150917 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A current issue within the driver distraction community centres around different findings regarding the impact of mobile phone conversation on driving found in driving simulators versus instrumented vehicles employed in real-world naturalistic driving studies (NDSs). This paper compares and contrasts the two types of studies and aims to provide reasons for the differences in findings that have been documented. A comprehensive review of literature and consultations with human factors experts highlighted that simulator studies tend to show degradation in driving performance, suggestive of increased crash risk as a result of mobile phone conversation. Whilst NDSs, at times, present data suggesting that mobile phone conversation distraction actually reduces crash risk. This study identifies that these differences may be attributed to behavioural hypotheses associated with driver self-regulation, arousal from cognitive loading, task displacement and gaze concentration - all of which need to be explicitly tested in future driving studies. Metric estimation and application was also revealed to be polarising results and the subsequent assessment of the crash risk. A common metric applied in this domain is the 'Odds Ratio', particularly prevalent in NDSs. This study presents a detailed investigation into the assumptions and application of the Odds Ratio which revealed the potential for over- and under-estimation of the metric depending on the core data and sampling assumptions. Furthermore, this research presents a comparative analysis of select driving simulator studies and an NDS considering only driving behaviour data as a means to consistently compare the findings of both methodologies. The findings from this investigation implores the need for greater consistency in the application of analysis methods and metrics across both simulator and NDSs. Improvements can yield a more robust platform to systematically compare and interpret data across both approaches, ultimately leading to enhanced planning and safety regarding mobile phone use while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun P Wijayaratna
- Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation (rCITI), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052 Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Mitchell L Cunningham
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Road Research Board (ARRB), 2-14 Mountain Street, Ultimo, NSW, 2007 Australia
| | - Michael A Regan
- Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation (rCITI), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052 Australia
| | - Sisi Jian
- Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation (rCITI), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052 Australia
| | - Sai Chand
- Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation (rCITI), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052 Australia
| | - Vinayak V Dixit
- Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation (rCITI), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052 Australia
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Toh SH, Coenen P, Howie EK, Mukherjee S, Mackey DA, Straker LM. Mobile touch screen device use and associations with musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health in a nationally representative sample of Singaporean adolescents. Ergonomics 2019; 62:778-793. [PMID: 30575442 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1562107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe contemporary technology use, especially smartphones and tablets (mobile touch screen devices), and examine associations with musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health among adolescents in Singapore. A representative sample of 1884 adolescents (50.4% girls) from grades primary 5 to post-secondary (10-18 years old), recruited from 13 schools, completed an online questionnaire in class. Total technology use was high, with smartphone duration being highest (mean = 264 [SD = 243] min/day). Patterns of use, including multitasking and bout length, were influenced by gender, school level, type of device and activities. Musculoskeletal discomfort and visual symptoms were commonly reported. After adjusting for potential confounders, more hours/day of smartphone use was associated with increased risk of neck/shoulders, upper back, arms and wrist/hand discomfort (OR = 1.04[95%CI = 1.01-1.07] to 1.07[1.03-1.10]) and visual symptoms (OR = 1.05[1.02-1.08]), but was associated with decreased odds of myopia (OR = 0.97[0.94-0.99]). No significant associations were found for tablet use. Practitioner Summary: 1884 adolescents in Singapore completed an in-depth questionnaire regarding their use of technology. The smartphone was the device with the highest usage, and greater smartphone use was associated with increased odds of musculoskeletal and visual symptoms. High use of smartphones has physical health implications for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Hui Toh
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- b Physiotherapy Department , KK Women's and Children's Hospital , Singapore
| | - Pieter Coenen
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- c Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Erin K Howie
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- d Department of Health Human Performance and Recreation , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas, USA
| | - Swarup Mukherjee
- e Physical Education and Sports Science , National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - David A Mackey
- f Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science , University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
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Chiang JT, Chang FC, Lee KW, Hsu SY. Transitions in smartphone addiction proneness among children: The effect of gender and use patterns. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217235. [PMID: 31145738 PMCID: PMC6542513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the incidence of transitions in smartphone addiction proneness (SAP) among children and examined the effects of gender, use patterns (social networking sites (SNSs) use and smartphone gaming) and depression on smartphone addiction transitions. METHODS A representative sample of 2,155 children from Taipei completed longitudinal surveys in both 2015 (5th grade) and 2016 (6th grade). Latent transition analysis (LTA) was used to characterize transitions in SAP and to examine the effects of gender, use patterns and depression on SAP transitions. RESULTS LTA identified four latent statuses of SAP: about half of the children were in non-SAP status, one-fifth were in tolerance status, one-sixth were in withdrawal status, and one-seventh were in high-SAP status. Both boys and girls had a higher prevalence of high-SAP and tolerance in 6th grade than in 5th grade, whereas in both grades boys had a higher prevalence of high-SAP and withdrawal, and girls had a higher prevalence of non-SAP and tolerance. Controlling for parents' education, family structure, and household income, higher use of SNSs by children, increasing use of mobile gaming and higher levels of depression were individually associated with increased odds of being in one of the three SAP statuses other than non-SAP. When all three covariates were jointly entered into the model, usage of SNSs and depression remained significant predictors. CONCLUSION Both boys and girls tended to transition to tolerance or high-SAP statuses, while children's depression and their usage of SNSs increased the risk of smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Tung Chiang
- Department of Statistics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kun-Wei Lee
- Department of Statistics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Statistics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Al-Hadidi F, Bsisu I, AlRyalat SA, Al-Zu’bi B, Bsisu R, Hamdan M, Kanaan T, Yasin M, Samarah O. Association between mobile phone use and neck pain in university students: A cross-sectional study using numeric rating scale for evaluation of neck pain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217231. [PMID: 31107910 PMCID: PMC6527223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mobile phones are reliable devices for communication and entertainment. However, their utilization for prolonged periods in flexed neck position is linked to neck and shoulders pain. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the association between neck pain and the duration of device use, taking into consideration gender, age, and the most frequent position in which students use their devices. Subjects and methods Based on a self-administered online questionnaire, we filled 500 questionnaires between February 15th, 2017 and March 18th, 2017. The study sample included healthy students from health care faculties regardless of their age, gender, or handedness. Results Analysis of the predictors for pain severity showed that age (p = 0.04) and duration of use (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the severity of neck pain, while only the duration of use was significantly associated with pain duration (p = 0.036). Subjects were divided into two groups according to the pain score, 75.8% had pain severity equal or less than 4/10 and 24.2% had pain severity more than 4/10. Of those with pain severity >4, 5.8% of students sought medical help at the emergency department and 12.4% visited clinics, compared to only 0.3% seeking medical advice at an emergency department and 4.2% visiting clinics in the group with pain severity of ≤4 (p<0.001). Regarding the use of analgesia in the two groups, 44.6% of subjects with pain severity of >4 used analgesia, compared to only 12.1% in subjects with pain severity of ≤4 (p< 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrates a significant positive correlation between the duration of mobile phone use and the duration and severity of neck pain. Furthermore, the increased severity of neck pain places a huge burden on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Al-Hadidi
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Isam Bsisu
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- * E-mail:
| | - Saif Aldeen AlRyalat
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Belal Al-Zu’bi
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasha Bsisu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Hamdan
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq Kanaan
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohamad Yasin
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Omar Samarah
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Hammond Olson RL, Soccolich SA, Hanowski RJ. The impact of driver distraction in tractor-trailers and motorcoach buses. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 126:10-16. [PMID: 29609806 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Driver distraction has become an increasing concern over the last decade as portable technology has emerged and its presence while driving has become more common. Driver distraction occurs when inattention leads to a delay in recognition of information necessary to accomplish the driving task. Two recent studies were conducted using a naturalistic data collection method and analysis of driver distraction. The Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Distraction study (Olson et al., 2009) was conducted using heavy truck data, and the Distraction and Drowsiness in Motorcoach Drivers study (Hammond et al., 2016) was conducted using motorcoach data. Data were collected continuously every time the instrumented vehicle was turned on and in motion. Data were reduced to identify safety-critical events such as crashes, near-crashes, crash-relevant conflicts, and unintentional lane deviations. Results show that 40% of truck crashes and 56% of motorcoach crashes had some kind of distracting behavior. Odds ratios were calculated on individual secondary tasks and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were calculated on eye-glance data to determine the effects of eyes off the forward roadway. Fewer distractions were identified in the motorcoach data, most notably the use of handheld cell phones. This suggests that the 2010 ban on handheld phones has had a positive effect on decreasing cell phone use while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Hammond Olson
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| | - Susan A Soccolich
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| | - Richard J Hanowski
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
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Choudhary P, Velaga NR. Gap acceptance behavior at unsignalized intersections: Effects of using a phone and a music player while driving. Traffic Inj Prev 2019; 20:372-377. [PMID: 31039038 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1591619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The present study is an attempt to analyze and compare the distraction effects caused by the use of a phone and a music player at unsignalized intersections. Method: Eighty-eight participants performed simulated driving experiments where they faced a sequence of gaps in the major road traffic at 2 unsignalized intersections. In this process, their driving behavior was evaluated in terms of gap acceptance probability, accepted lag, and maneuver completion time. These parameters were modeled with a generalized estimating equation (GEE) method by considering distraction, demographic factors, driving history, maneuver types, and driving attributes in the approach and completion zones as independent variables. Results: The results showed that gap acceptance probability decreased by 46% during the conversation task, whereas it increased by 66% during the music player task. Lower gap acceptance could be a compensatory behavior adopted by drivers during the conversation task, whereas no such measure was adapted during the music player task. The results indicate that a higher approach speed during the music player task might have led to increased gap acceptance. Further, though the effect of distraction on the accepted lag was not evident, the completion time was reduced during the conversation task. Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that drivers are more likely to adopt a compensatory measure in complex driving situations only if they perceive a high risk. Hence, drivers are exposed to a greater risk while operating a music player, because this is not perceived as risky behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Choudhary
- a Transportation Systems Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay , Powai, Mumbai , India
| | - Nagendra R Velaga
- a Transportation Systems Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay , Powai, Mumbai , India
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Brennan TM, Jesson JE, Furlanetto PGA. Quantifying driver cell phone use at signalized intersections using software-defined radio. Traffic Inj Prev 2019; 20:359-364. [PMID: 31039051 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1592167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This article outlines a data collection process that quantifies driver cell phone use using a software-defined radio (SDR) at a signalized intersection. Cell phone use while driving has been shown to be factor that increases the risk of a crash incident. Both operational and enforcement strategies can be applied at locations where high driver cell phone use is identified. Methods: A baseline driver cell phone use observation was made at the intersection, where 9,699 vehicles were observed at the intersection of Carlton Road and State Route 31 (Pennington Road) in Ewing, New Jersey. An SDR cell phone detection device created as part of this study was then deployed at the same intersection to determine whether the SDR device could detect an active cell phone signal. The identification of vehicle cell phone activity using the SDR was conducted a sample of 4,000 vehicles. A visual observation, along with a motion detection camera, was made alongside the SDR to visually confirm cell phones use. Results: Of the 4,000 vehicles sampled using the SDR cell phone detection device, 6.1% of the a.m. peak travel time and 7.6% of the p.m. peak travel time had an active cellular device. A concurrent visual field verification of driver cell phone use showed that approximately 57% (a.m. peak) and 67% (p.m. peak) of the SDR-detected cell phones were visually confirmed to be associated with distracted cell phone use. Conclusions: Once characterized, the frequency of driver cell phone use can be used to justify changes to signal timing protocols. These adjustments could include extending the signal's "all-red time" or holding "yellow time" longer in order to properly clear the intersection. These data can also be used to identify locations that may require more enforcement measures to dissuade driver cell phone use. Furthermore, the impact of anti-cell phone campaigns or new laws can be quantified by measuring before and after cell phone use in the near term rather than waiting for crash studies at intersections to be completed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Brennan
- a Civil Engineering , The College of New Jersey , Ewing , New Jersey
| | - Joseph E Jesson
- b Electrical Engineering , The College of New Jersey , Ewing , New Jersey
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Truong LT, Nguyen HTT, De Gruyter C. Mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle and crashes among university students. Traffic Inj Prev 2019; 20:204-210. [PMID: 30888875 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1546048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Motorcycle crashes are a significant road safety challenge, particularly in many low- and middle-income countries where motorcycles represent the vast majority of their vehicle fleet. Though risky riding behaviors, such as speeding and riding under the influence of alcohol, have been identified as important contributors to motorcycle crashes, little is understood about the effect of using a mobile phone while riding on motorcycle crash involvement. This article investigates crash involvement among motorcycle riders with risky riding behaviors, particularly using a mobile phone while riding. METHODS Data were obtained from an online survey of university students' risky riding behaviors in Vietnam administered between March and May 2016 (n = 665). RESULTS Results show that 40% of motorcycle riders reported to have experienced a crash/fall and nearly 24% of motorcycle riders indicated that they had been injured in a crash/fall. Effects of mobile phone use while riding on safety of motorcycle riders are highlighted. Specifically, more frequent use of a mobile phone for texting or searching for information while riding is associated with a higher chance of being involved in a crash/fall. The results also show that drink riding is associated with a higher chance of being injured. CONCLUSIONS Overall this article reveals significant safety issues of using a mobile phone while riding a motorcycle, providing valuable insight for designing education and publicity campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long T Truong
- a School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences , La Trobe University , Bundoora , Victoria , Australia
| | - Hang T T Nguyen
- b Institute of Construction Engineering , University of Transport and Communications , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Chris De Gruyter
- c School of Global, Urban and Social Studies , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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Lorini C, Bianchi J, Sartor G, Santini MG, Mersi A, Caini S, Bonaccorsi G. Trends in the use of seat belts and mobile phones and their seasonal variations in Florence (2005-2015). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208489. [PMID: 30533029 PMCID: PMC6289414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION About 1.25 million people worldwide die every year because of road accidents. Risk is higher when drivers use mobile phones, whereas seat belts help to prevent crash-related injury. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, associated factors, and temporal trend of the use of seat belts and mobile phones among drivers and passengers in Florence, Italy (2005-2015). METHODS Use of seat belts and mobile phones use was monitored via direct observation in four areas in the province of Florence. We fitted Poisson regression models with robust variance to investigate the factors associated with the use of seat belts and mobile phones use by the drivers and to explore long-term trends and seasonal patterns in the two time-series. RESULTS We observed a total of an overall 134,775 vehicles: seat belts were worn by 71.8% of drivers and front-seat passengers and 27.6% of back-seat passengers, while mobile phones were being used by 4.8% of drivers. Drivers were more likely to wear seat belt when transporting passengers (≥2 vs none: prevalence ratio [PR] 1.21, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.14-1.29) and while driving in the afternoon (PR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05), and less likely when the front-seat passenger was not wearing seat belts (PR 0.33, 95% CI 0.32-0.34). After an initial increase, seat belts use by the driver decreased over time (-0.5% each year during 2010-2015), with significant peaks and troughs in July and January, respectively. Mobile phone use by the driver was inversely associated with wearing seat belts (PR 0.67, 95% CI 0.64-0.70) and carrying passengers (≥2 vs. none PR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.52). The proportion of drivers using mobile phones did not vary over time nor showed any clear seasonality. CONCLUSIONS Drivers' risky behaviours (not wearing a seat belt and using a mobile phone) are associated, showing a global misperception of risk among a subset of drivers. The number of passengers and their behaviour is also associated with the driver's attitude. The effectiveness of primary enforcement laws has declined in Italy in recent years; therefore, other strategies should be devised and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lorini
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Bianchi
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gino Sartor
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Santini
- Department of Prevention, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Mersi
- Department of Prevention, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Karipidis K, Elwood M, Benke G, Sanagou M, Tjong L, Croft RJ. Mobile phone use and incidence of brain tumour histological types, grading or anatomical location: a population-based ecological study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e024489. [PMID: 30530588 PMCID: PMC6292417 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some studies have reported increasing trends in certain brain tumours and a possible link with mobile phone use has been suggested. We examined the incidence time trends of brain tumour in Australia for three distinct time periods to ascertain the influence of improved diagnostic technologies and increase in mobile phone use on the incidence of brain tumours. DESIGN In a population-based ecological study, we examined trends of brain tumour over the periods 1982-1992, 1993-2002 and 2003-2013. We further compared the observed incidence during the period of substantial mobile phone use (2003-2013) with predicted (modelled) incidence for the same period by applying various relative risks, latency periods and mobile phone use scenarios. SETTING National Australian incidence registration data on primary cancers of the brain diagnosed between 1982 and 2013. POPULATION 16 825 eligible brain cancer cases aged 20-59 from all of Australia (10 083 males and 6742 females). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Annual percentage change (APC) in brain tumour incidence based on Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS The overall brain tumour rates remained stable during all three periods. There was an increase in glioblastoma during 1993-2002 (APC 2.3, 95% CI 0.8 to 3.7) which was likely due to advances in the use of MRI during that period. There were no increases in any brain tumour types, including glioma (-0.6, -1.4 to 0.2) and glioblastoma (0.8, -0.4 to 2.0), during the period of substantial mobile phone use from 2003 to 2013. During that period, there was also no increase in glioma of the temporal lobe (0.5, -1.3 to 2.3), which is the location most exposed when using a mobile phone. Predicted incidence rates were higher than the observed rates for latency periods up to 15 years. CONCLUSIONS In Australia, there has been no increase in any brain tumour histological type or glioma location that can be attributed to mobile phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Karipidis
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Yallambie, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Elwood
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geza Benke
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Masoumeh Sanagou
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Yallambie, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lydiawati Tjong
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Yallambie, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney J Croft
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Thomée S. Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health. A Review of the Research That Takes a Psychological Perspective on Exposure. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E2692. [PMID: 30501032 PMCID: PMC6314044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to carry out a review of observational studies that consider links between mobile phone use and mental health from a psychological or behavioral perspective. Systematic literature searches in PubMed and PsycINFO for articles published until 2017 were done. Exclusion criteria included: papers that considered radiofrequency fields, attention, safety, relational consequences, sexual behavior, cyberbullying, and reviews, qualitative, and case or experimental studies. A total of 4738 papers were screened by title and abstract, 404 were retrieved in full text, and 290 were included. Only 5% had any longitudinal design. Self-reporting was the dominating method of measurement. One third of the studies included children or youth. A majority of adult populations consisted of university students and/or self-selected participants. The main research results included associations between frequent mobile phone use and mental health outcomes, such as depressive symptoms and sleep problems. Mobile phone use at bedtime was associated with, e.g., shorter sleep duration and lower sleep quality. "Problematic use" (dependency) was associated with several negative outcomes. In conclusion, associations between mobile phone use and adverse mental health outcomes are found in studies that take a psychological or behavioral perspective on the exposure. However, more studies of high quality are needed in order to draw valid conclusions about the mechanisms and causal directions of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Thomée
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Barnes TL, Lee S, Thompson N, Mullen K, Chatterton P, Gandrud L. Barriers to Glucose Testing and Attitudes Toward Mobile App and Device Use in a Large Cohort of T1D Pediatric Patients: Implications for Diabetes Management. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2018; 12:1246-1247. [PMID: 30136595 PMCID: PMC6232747 DOI: 10.1177/1932296818794706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L. Barnes
- Children’s Minnesota Research Institute,
Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Timothy L. Barnes, PhD, MPH, Children’s
Minnesota Research Institute, Children’s Minnesota, 2525 Chicago Ave S, MS
LL-08, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA.
| | - Sara Lee
- Children’s Minnesota Research Institute,
Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nels Thompson
- Children’s Minnesota Diabetes Endocrine,
Children’s Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Krista Mullen
- Children’s Minnesota Diabetes Endocrine,
Children’s Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Paul Chatterton
- Children’s Minnesota Diabetes Endocrine,
Children’s Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Laura Gandrud
- Children’s Minnesota Diabetes Endocrine,
Children’s Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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