1
|
Collins L, Tselev A, Jesse S, Okatan MB, Proksch R, Mathews JP, Mitchell GD, Rodriguez BJ, Kalinin SV, Ivanov IN. Breaking the limits of structural and mechanical imaging of the heterogeneous structure of coal macerals. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:435402. [PMID: 25299223 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/43/435402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between local mechanical (elasto-plastic) and structural (composition) properties of coal presents significant fundamental and practical interest for coal processing and for the development of rheological models of coal to coke transformations. Here, we explore the relationship between the local structural, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of coal using a combination of confocal micro-Raman imaging and band excitation atomic force acoustic microscopy for a bituminous coal. This allows high resolution imaging (10s of nm) of mechanical properties of the heterogeneous (banded) architecture of coal and correlating them to the optical gap, average crystallite size, the bond-bending disorder of sp(2) aromatic double bonds, and the defect density. This methodology allows the structural and mechanical properties of coal components (lithotypes, microlithotypes, and macerals) to be understood, and related to local chemical structure, potentially allowing for knowledge-based modeling and optimization of coal utilization processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Collins
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jesse S, Vasudevan R, Collins L, Strelcov E, Okatan M, Belianinov A, Baddorf A, Proksch R, Kalinin S. Band Excitation in Scanning Probe Microscopy: Recognition and Functional Imaging. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2014; 65:519-36. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jesse
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; ,
| | - R.K. Vasudevan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; ,
| | - L. Collins
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; ,
| | - E. Strelcov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; ,
| | - M.B. Okatan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; ,
| | - A. Belianinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; ,
| | - A.P. Baddorf
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; ,
| | - R. Proksch
- Asylum Research, an Oxford Instruments Company, Santa Barbara, California 93117
| | - S.V. Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; ,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Killgore JP, Yablon DG, Tsou AH, Gannepalli A, Yuya PA, Turner JA, Proksch R, Hurley DC. Viscoelastic property mapping with contact resonance force microscopy. Langmuir 2011; 27:13983-7. [PMID: 22054300 DOI: 10.1021/la203434w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the accurate nanoscale mapping of near-surface loss and storage moduli on a polystyrene-polypropylene blend with contact resonance force microscopy (CR-FM). These viscoelastic properties are extracted from spatially resolved maps of the contact resonance frequency and quality factor of the AFM cantilever. We consider two methods of data acquisition: (i) discrete stepping between mapping points and (ii) continuous scanning. For point mapping and low-speed scanning, the values of the relative loss and storage modulus are in good agreement with the time-temperature superposition of low-frequency dynamic mechanical analysis measurements to the high frequencies probed by CR-FM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Killgore
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gannepalli A, Yablon DG, Tsou AH, Proksch R. Mapping nanoscale elasticity and dissipation using dual frequency contact resonance AFM. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:355705. [PMID: 21821874 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/35/355705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on a technique that simultaneously quantifies the contact stiffness and dissipation of an AFM cantilever in contact with a surface, which can ultimately be used for quantitative nanomechanical characterization of surfaces. The method is based on measuring the contact resonance frequency using dual AC resonance tracking (DART), where the amplitude and phase of the cantilever response are monitored at two frequencies on either side of the contact resonance. By modelling the tip-sample contact as a driven damped harmonic oscillator, the four measured quantities (two amplitudes and two phases) allow the four model parameters, namely, drive amplitude, drive phase, resonance frequency and quality factor, to be calculated. These mechanical parameters can in turn be used to make quantitative statements about localized sample properties. We apply the method to study the electromechanical coupling coefficients in ferroelectric materials and the storage and loss moduli in viscoelastic materials.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gannepalli A, Yablon DG, Tsou AH, Proksch R. Mapping nanoscale elasticity and dissipation using dual frequency contact resonance AFM. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:355705. [PMID: 21821874 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/15/159501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on a technique that simultaneously quantifies the contact stiffness and dissipation of an AFM cantilever in contact with a surface, which can ultimately be used for quantitative nanomechanical characterization of surfaces. The method is based on measuring the contact resonance frequency using dual AC resonance tracking (DART), where the amplitude and phase of the cantilever response are monitored at two frequencies on either side of the contact resonance. By modelling the tip-sample contact as a driven damped harmonic oscillator, the four measured quantities (two amplitudes and two phases) allow the four model parameters, namely, drive amplitude, drive phase, resonance frequency and quality factor, to be calculated. These mechanical parameters can in turn be used to make quantitative statements about localized sample properties. We apply the method to study the electromechanical coupling coefficients in ferroelectric materials and the storage and loss moduli in viscoelastic materials.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jesse S, Guo S, Kumar A, Rodriguez BJ, Proksch R, Kalinin SV. Resolution theory, and static and frequency-dependent cross-talk in piezoresponse force microscopy. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:405703. [PMID: 20823500 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/40/405703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Probing the functionality of materials locally by means of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) requires a reliable framework for identifying the target signal and separating it from the effects of surface morphology and instrument non-idealities, e.g. instrumental and topographical cross-talk. Here we develop a linear resolution theory framework in order to describe the cross-talk effects, and apply it for elucidation of frequency-dependent cross-talk mechanisms in piezoresponse force microscopy. The use of a band excitation method allows electromechanical/electrical and mechanical/topographic signals to be unambiguously separated. The applicability of a functional fit approach and multivariate statistical analysis methods for identification of data in band excitation SPM is explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jesse
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The key behavioural, physiological and anatomical components of a magnetite-based magnetic sense have been demonstrated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Candidate receptor cells located within a discrete sub-layer of the olfactory lamellae contained iron-rich crystals that were similar in size and shape to magnetite crystals extracted from salmon. Here we show that these crystals, which mapped to individual receptors using confocal and atomic force microscopy, are magnetic, as they are uniquely associated with dipoles detected by magnetic force microscopy. Analysis of their magnetic properties identifies the crystals as single-domain magnetite. In addition, three-dimensional reconstruction of the candidate receptors using confocal and atomic force microscopy imaging confirm that several magnetic crystals are arranged in a chain of about 1 microm within the receptor, and that the receptor is a multi-lobed single cell. These results are consistent with a magnetite-based detection mechanism, as 1-microm chains of single-domain magnetite crystals are highly suitable for the behavioural and physiological responses to magnetic intensity previously reported in the trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Diebel
- Experimental Biology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wittborn J, Rao K, Proksch R, Revenko I, Dahlberg E, Bazylinski D. Magnetization reversal observation and manipulation of chains of nanoscale magnetic particles using the magnetic force microscope. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0965-9773(99)00316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Proksch R, Lal R, Hansma PK, Morse D, Stucky G. Imaging the internal and external pore structure of membranes in fluid: TappingMode scanning ion conductance microscopy. Biophys J 1996; 71:2155-7. [PMID: 8889191 PMCID: PMC1233683 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have constructed a combined TappingMode atomic force microscope and scanning ion conductance microscope. The design is based on a bent glass pipette that acts as both the force sensor and conductance probe. Measuring the pipette deflection allows more stable feedback than possible with previous versions of the scanning ion conductance microscope. Using this microscope, we have imaged synthetic membranes in both contact and tapping modes under fluid. Although contact mode operation is possible, we found that our microscope provided higher contrast and less apparent sample damage in the topographic and ionic conductance images in the tapping mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Proksch
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Crawford S, Beardsley RS, Lamy PP, Mech AB, Proksch R. Comparing fact sheets and lectures to provide investigational drug information. J Nurs Staff Dev 1990; 6:35-9. [PMID: 2299409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a study to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods (fact sheets and lectures) of providing investigational drug information.
Collapse
|